{"slug": "warring-states-period", "label": "Warring States period", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_period", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185063", "qid": "Q185063", "description": "period in Chinese history from approximately 475 to 221 BCE", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [-480, -195], "span_label": ["481 BCE", "196 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "chu-state", "label": "Chu (state)", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "qin-state", "label": "Qin (state)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "zhou-dynasty", "label": "Zhou dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "state-of-wei", "label": "State of Wei", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "zhao-state", "label": "Zhao (state)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "qi-state", "label": "Qi (state)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qin-dynasty", "label": "Qin dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qin-shi-huang", "label": "Qin Shi Huang", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "state-of-qi", "label": "State of Qi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bai-qi", "label": "Bai Qi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "state-of-zhao", "label": "State of Zhao", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -480, "year_label": "481 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spring and Autumn period, which had begun in 722 BC, ends and compilation of the Spring and Autumn Annals ceases. It gives way to the Warring States period.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129369#China", "title": "481 BC", "revid": 1350129369, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -431, "year_label": "432 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese Marquis Yi of Zeng is buried (approximate date) with lavish tomb items including a 65 set of bronze bells (bianzhong) with five octave musical scale and two musical tones that can be produced by each bell. Marquis Yi was from the State of Chu during the Warring States phase of the Zhou dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330384213#China", "title": "432 BC", "revid": 1330384213, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -402, "year_label": "403 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The states of Han, Zhao and Wei receive official recognition as Marquesses from the Eastern Zhou dynasty, confirming the Partition of Jin. This is one of the traditional starting points of the Warring States period.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246106639#China", "title": "403 BC", "revid": 1246106639, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -341, "year_label": "342 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the course of the Warring States period, the army of the state of Qi defeats the army of the state of Wei in the Battle of Maling. This battle involves the military strategy of the general Sun Bin (descendant of Sun Tzu), and is the first battle in recorded history to give a reliable account of the handheld crossbow with trigger mechanism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209992354#China", "title": "342 BC", "revid": 1209992354, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -339, "year_label": "340 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xuan of Chu, Chinese king of Chu (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239354213#Deaths", "title": "340 BC", "revid": 1239354213, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -333, "year_label": "334 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The rulers of Wei and Qi agree to recognize each other as kings, formalizing the independence of the Warring States and the powerlessness of the Zhou dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356615565#China", "title": "334 BC", "revid": 1356615565, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -309, "year_label": "310 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Huiwen of Zhao, Chinese king of Zhao (Warring States Period) (d. 266 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351686531#Births", "title": "310 BC", "revid": 1351686531, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -277, "year_label": "278 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Qu Yuan, Chinese poet from southern Chu who lived during the Warring States period. His works are mostly found in an anthology of poetry known as Chu Ci (b. c. 340 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129454#Deaths", "title": "278 BC", "revid": 1350129454, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -272, "year_label": "273 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xi of Han, Chinese king of Han (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1227001457#Deaths", "title": "273 BC", "revid": 1227001457, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -264, "year_label": "265 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xiang of Qi, Chinese king of Qi (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172727#Deaths", "title": "265 BC", "revid": 1354172727, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -262, "year_label": "263 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Qingxiang of Chu, Chinese king of Chu (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948852#Deaths", "title": "263 BC", "revid": 1325948852, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -256, "year_label": "257 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bai Qi, Chinese general of the Qin State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1128152509#Deaths", "title": "257 BC", "revid": 1128152509, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -242, "year_label": "243 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xinling, Chinese statesman and general (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172722#Deaths", "title": "243 BC", "revid": 1354172722, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -228, "year_label": "229 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Li Mu, Chinese general of the Zhao State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1205848400#Deaths", "title": "229 BC", "revid": 1205848400, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -227, "year_label": "228 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ai of Chu, king of the Chu State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326026286#Deaths", "title": "228 BC", "revid": 1326026286, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -226, "year_label": "227 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Huan Yi, Chinese general of the Qin State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288758207#Deaths", "title": "227 BC", "revid": 1288758207, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -221, "year_label": "222 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xi of Yan, king of the Yan State (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295080485#Deaths", "title": "222 BC", "revid": 1295080485, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The state of Qi – by now the only other independent state in China –, is invaded by the Qin generals Wang Ben, Li Xin and Meng Tian and surrenders after offering minimal resistance. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin unifies China and proclaims himself the First Emperor, as he is the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country, thus ending the Warring States period. He is known by historians as Qin Shi Huang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#China", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -195, "year_label": "196 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xin, Chinese king during the Warring States period", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172645#Deaths", "title": "196 BC", "revid": 1354172645, "section": "Deaths"}}]}