{"slug": "western-schism", "label": "Western Schism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Schism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26189", "qid": "Q26189", "description": "split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, in which bishops in Rome and Avignon both claimed to be the pope, joined by a third line of Pisan popes in 1409", "entries": 10, "years": 6, "span": [1371, 1417], "span_label": ["1371 CE", "1417 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 10}], "also_known_as": ["Great Western Schism"], "related": [{"slug": "avignon", "label": "Avignon", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "antipope-benedict-xiii", "label": "Antipope Benedict XIII", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "pope-gregory-xi", "label": "Pope Gregory XI", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "naples", "label": "Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pope-gregory-xii", "label": "Pope Gregory XII", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antipope-clement-vii", "label": "Antipope Clement VII", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pope", "label": "Pope", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-urban-vi", "label": "Pope Urban VI", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "easter", "label": "Easter", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-vi-of-france", "label": "Charles VI of France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Pope Gregory XI names 12 new Roman Catholic cardinals to supplement the existing 20 living cardinals. The new cardinals at Avignon include Robert de Geneve who will become the first antipope of the Western Schism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#April–June", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Pope Gregory XI designates nine new cardinals at Avignon, having appointed 21 new cardinals to supplement the 20 who had been living when he became Pope. Among those selected are Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor, who becomes the second antipope at Avignon during the Western Schism between Avignon and Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#October–December", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Following the death of Pope Gregory XI, and riots in Rome calling for a Roman pope, the cardinals, who are mostly French, meet in a papal conclave and elect an Italian from Naples, Bartolomeo Prignano, Archbishop of Bari, as the 202nd Pope. Prignano takes the regnal name Pope Urban VI, and is the last Pope of the Roman Catholic Church to have been elected from outside of the College of Cardinals. The French cardinals then flee from Rome before the populace learns that a non-Roman was picked, and return to Avignon, beginning the Western Schism, a 39-year period where rival popes are selected at Avignon and Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#April–June", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Unhappy with Pope Urban's critical attitude towards them, the majority of the cardinals meet at Fondi, elect Clement VII as antipope, and establish a rival papal court at Avignon. This split within the Catholic Church becomes known as the Western Schism, also known as the Great Schism. France, Aragon, Castile and León, Cyprus, Burgundy, Savoy, Naples and Scotland choose to recognise Antipope Clement VII. Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, northern Italy, Ireland, Norway, Poland and Sweden continue to recognise Pope Urban VI.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#July–September", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Western Schism: King Charles VI of France sends a letter to the Antipope Benedict XIII at Avignon, giving an ultimatum to Benedict and the other Avignon Papacy proponents to end the schism in the Roman Catholic Church against the Roman Obedience, headed by Pope Gregory XII. King Charles VI threatens that unless the schism ends by Ascension Day, 40 days after Easter (in 1408, April 24, with Ascension Day on June 3), France will end its support of the Avignon Obedience.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#January–March", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Western Schism: In response to the January 12 ultimatum by France, the antipope Benedict publishes a bull directing the excommunication of anyone, including King Charles VI, who attempted to withdraw obedience to the Avignon Papacy. The bull, \"a major tactical mistake\" by Benedict, gives the leaders of the University of Paris a pretext to declare those who had carried the bull to be guilty of high treason, and to accuse Benedict to be guilty of an attack on the royal dignity and national honor. King Charles then withdraws further support of Pope Benedict and proclaims the neutrality of France in the schism between Avignon and Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#April–June", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – From Livorno, a group of 13 Roman Catholic Cardinals allied with Pope Gregory begins sending encyclical letters \"to the princes and prelates of the Christian world\" summoning them to the Council of Pisa, to take place on March 25, 1409, in order to end the Western Schism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#July–December", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – On the day of the Feast of the Annunciation, the Council of Pisa opens at the Cathedral of Pisa with 22 cardinals, four patriarchs and 80 bishops to seek an end to the Western Schism and resolve the conflict between Pope Gregory XII of the Rome and Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#January–March", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – The Council of Pisa issues the order deposing both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII who are responsible for the Western Schism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#April–June", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1417, "year_label": "1417 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – After being the last claimant to the papacy, the Antipope Benedict XIII is excommunicated and deposed by the Council of Constance, bringing to an end the Great Western Schism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829183#July–September", "title": "1417", "revid": 1368829183, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}