{"slug": "william-marshal-1st-earl-of-pembroke", "label": "William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Marshal%2C_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348911", "qid": "Q348911", "description": "Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman (1146-1219)", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [1147, 1217], "span_label": ["1147 CE", "1217 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-normandy", "label": "Duchy of Normandy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-the-young-king", "label": "Henry the Young King", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lincoln-england", "label": "Lincoln, England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "archbishop-of-canterbury", "label": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-alexander-iii", "label": "Pope Alexander III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "archbishop-of-york", "label": "Archbishop of York", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thomas-becket", "label": "Thomas Becket", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1219)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Births", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Stephen besieges Newbury Castle and holds the young William as a hostage to ensure that his father, John Marshal, keeps his promise to surrender the castle. When John refuses to comply, Stephen threatened to have the young boy catapulted over the walls. After this, William remains a crown hostage for many months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#England", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1158, "year_label": "1158 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "12-year-old William Marshal is sent from England to the Château de Tancarville in Normandy to be brought up in the household of William de Tancarville, a cousin of William's mother. He begins his training as a knight; this also includes academic studies, practical lessons in chivalry and courtly life, and warfare and combat (using wooden swords and spears).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301998061#Europe", "title": "1158", "revid": 1301998061, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1166, "year_label": "1166 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Anglo-Norman soldier William Marshal is knighted while on campaign in Normandy; he will be described as \"the greatest knight that ever lived\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303964516#British_Isles", "title": "1166", "revid": 1303964516, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1168, "year_label": "1168 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at Poitiers by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165077#Europe", "title": "1168", "revid": 1362165077, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – King Henry II has his 15-year-old son, Henry the Young King, crowned by Roger, Archbishop of York, as junior king and heir to the English throne. The coronation drives Pope Alexander III to allow the exiled Thomas Becket (whose privilege as Archbishop of Canterbury to crown English monarchs has been infringed) to lay an interdict on England as punishment, and this threat forces Henry to negotiate with Becket. Sir William Marshal is appointed tutor-in-arms to Henry the Young King.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#England", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "William Marshal, Norman knight and head of the household of Henry the Young King, is accused of having an affair with Henry's wife, Queen Margaret of France. Although contemporary chroniclers doubt the truth of these accusations. Henry starts the process to have his marriage annulled, William leaves the royal retinue, undergoing a period of self-imposed exile, and goes on a pilgrimage to Cologne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#England", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1189, "year_label": "1189 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August", "text": "August – William Marshal marries the 17-year-old Isabel de Clare (daughter of Richard de Clare). Through this marriage, he becomes 1st Earl of Pembroke, acquiring huge estates in England, Normandy, Wales and Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168718#Britain", "title": "1189", "revid": 1362168718, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cartmel Priory is founded by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Religion", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Siege of Château Gaillard: French forces under Philip II begin the siege at Château Gaillard as part of a campaign to reconquer the continental properties of King John of England. During the winter of 1203/1204, the English under William Marshal attempt to relieve the castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Europe", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1208, "year_label": "1208 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – William Marshal is recalled and humiliated by King John at court in London, while John gives his justiciar in Ireland, Meiler Fitzhenry the order to invade Marshal's lands there, burning the town of New Ross.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078934#Europe", "title": "1208", "revid": 1371078934, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – Nine-year-old Henry III succeeds his father, King John of England, when the latter dies of dysentery at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, becomes regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371079230#Europe", "title": "1216", "revid": 1371079230, "section": "Events › By continent › Europe"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Battle of Lincoln: Henry III's forces led by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke defeat the French army of Prince Louis and the rebel barons who are besieging Lincoln Castle. During the battle, Thomas, Comte du Perche is killed and Louis is expelled from his base in the southeast of England. The looting that takes place afterward is known as the \"Lincoln Fair\". The citizens of Lincoln are loyal to Louis so Henry's forces sack the city. To the south, inhabitants of towns between Lincoln and London ambush and kill many of the French soldiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Europe", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Events › Other events by place › Europe"}}]}