{"slug": "xiongnu", "label": "Xiongnu", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188836", "qid": "Q188836", "description": "Ancient Chinese empire in Northern Asia", "entries": 60, "years": 55, "span": [-264, 460], "span_label": ["265 BCE", "460 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 29}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 16}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "han-dynasty", "label": "Han dynasty", "shared": 13}, {"slug": "emperor-wu-of-han", "label": "Emperor Wu of Han", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "emperor-gaozu-of-han", "label": "Emperor Gaozu of Han", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "wei-qing", "label": "Wei Qing", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "silk-road", "label": "Silk Road", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "xianbei", "label": "Xianbei", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "northern-liang", "label": "Northern Liang", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "qin-dynasty", "label": "Qin dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gansu", "label": "Gansu", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "inner-mongolia", "label": "Inner Mongolia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tarim-basin", "label": "Tarim Basin", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -264, "year_label": "265 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Zhao stations general Li Mu in Yanmen Commandery, where he proceeds to win multiple victories over the Xiongnu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172727#China", "title": "265 BC", "revid": 1354172727, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -233, "year_label": "234 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Mete Khan, Xiongnu emperor, (d. 174 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1218450136#Births", "title": "234 BC", "revid": 1218450136, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin armies under Meng Tian campaign against the Xiongnu and other northern peoples and expand their territories along the north basin of the Yellow River. They subjugate the Luliang region, drive back the Xiongnu tribes to the northwest of the Ordos Plateau, and seize Gaoque, Mt. Tao and Beijia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#China", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -208, "year_label": "209 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Modun khaan inherits Teoman's Hunnu confederations and founds the Xiongnu Empire in Mongolia proper. Modu's forces push into Northern China, threatening the Qin Empire and forcing them to further fortify the Great Wall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115697#Central_Asia", "title": "209 BC", "revid": 1300115697, "section": "Events › By place › Central Asia"}}, {"year": -208, "year_label": "209 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Touman, chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. (Killed by his successor)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115697#Deaths", "title": "209 BC", "revid": 1300115697, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -200, "year_label": "201 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Xin of Han, in alliance with Modu Chanyu of the Xiongnu, launches a rebellion against the Han dynasty in the Taiyuan Commandery. He is defeated by Emperor Gaozu of Han and his generals, who chase Xin of Han into Xiongnu territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243551551#China", "title": "201 BC", "revid": 1243551551, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Han emperor Gaozu is defeated by the Xiongnu, led by Modu Chanyu, in the Battle of Baideng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#China", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -197, "year_label": "198 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following the defeat of the Han at the hands of Modu Chanyu of the Xiongnu at Baideng in 200 BC, the soldier and advisor Lou Jing is dispatched by the emperor Gaozu for negotiations. The peace settlement eventually reached between the parties includes a Han princess given in marriage to the chanyu, initiating a policy of or marriage alliances; periodic tribute of silk, liquor and rice to the Xiongnu; equal status between the states; and the Great Wall as the mutual border. This treaty sets the pattern for relations between the Han and the Xiongnu for some sixty years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698641#China", "title": "198 BC", "revid": 1352698641, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -173, "year_label": "174 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Xiongnu attack the Yuezhi, and force them away from Gansu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209269072#Mongolia", "title": "174 BC", "revid": 1209269072, "section": "Events › By place › Mongolia"}}, {"year": -173, "year_label": "174 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mete Khan, emperor and founder of the Xiongnu Empire, who has united various Hun confederations under his rule (b. 234 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209269072#Deaths", "title": "174 BC", "revid": 1209269072, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -165, "year_label": "166 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Laoshang leads 140,000 Xiongnu cavalry in a raid in Anding, and they reach as far as the royal retreat at Yong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209983742#China", "title": "166 BC", "revid": 1209983742, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -138, "year_label": "139 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wu of Han sends the diplomat Zhang Qian west to form an alliance with the Yuezhi against the Xiongnu. Wu does this after learning from Xiongnu defectors that the Xiongnu had defeated and killed the king of the Yuezhi, had expelled the Yuezhi from their lands and were using their king's skull as a wine goblet. The Yuezhi had subsequently migrated further west.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121804#China", "title": "139 BC", "revid": 1305121804, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -132, "year_label": "133 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – A large army of the Han dynasty, under the overall command of Han Anguo, attempts to ambush the Xiongnu leader Junchen Chanyu in the Battle of Mayi. By pretending to betray the city of Mayi, a Han official had lured Junchen onto Han soil. However, a captured Chinese officer tips off Junchen, and so he avoids the ambush. The episode abrogates the Xiongnu-Han treaty (called heqin 和親 or \"harmonious kinship\") and marks the beginning of Emperor Wu's Han-Xiongnu War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1225573331#China", "title": "133 BC", "revid": 1225573331, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -128, "year_label": "129 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring: the Xiongnu raid Shanggu, killing officials and other inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561461#China", "title": "129 BC", "revid": 1369561461, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -126, "year_label": "127 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Wei Qing defeats a Xiongnu army near Gaoque. He then invades the Ordos Plateau, defeats the Xiongnu and their Baiyang and Loufan allies in the battles of Puni and Fuli, and then defeats the main Xiongnu force. The conquered territory becomes Shuofang Commandery. Wu orders the foundation of Shuofang City, and the system of defenses that had been built by the Qin dynasty general Meng Tian are repaired.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020642#China", "title": "127 BC", "revid": 1326020642, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -125, "year_label": "126 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer: In retaliation for the Han conquest of the Ordos Plateau in the previous year, the Xiongnu invade the province of Dai, kill its governor, Gong You, and capture over 1000 of its inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213344030#China", "title": "126 BC", "revid": 1213344030, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -124, "year_label": "125 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In retaliation for the Han conquest of the Ordos Plateau two years prior, three Xiongnu forces raid the Prefectures of Dai, Dingxiang and Shang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100137#China", "title": "125 BC", "revid": 1266100137, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -123, "year_label": "124 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring: The Han general Wei Qing, with an army of 30,000 cavalry, proceeds from Gaoque into Xiongnu territory, and in a night attack surrounds the Tuqi King of the Right in his camp. The Tuqi escapes, but numerous petty chiefs are captured in this and a second engagement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1302859733#China", "title": "124 BC", "revid": 1302859733, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -120, "year_label": "121 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring - The Han general Huo Qubing attacks the Supu, vassals of the Xiongnu, and kills their king. He then invades the Hexi Corridor, where he fights a six-day running battle against a son of Yizhixie Chanyu. The Xiongnu are defeated, and the ruler of Lan and king Lu, both vassals of the Xiongnu, are killed in the fighting. Huo Qubing then attacks and defeats the Hunye, capturing the son of the Hunye king and his ministers and chief commandants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352067702#China", "title": "121 BC", "revid": 1352067702, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -119, "year_label": "120 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Retaliating against the Han conquest of the Hexi Corridor in the previous year, the Xiongnu invade the provinces of Youbeiping and Dingxiang, killing or capturing over 1000 inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368395489#China", "title": "120 BC", "revid": 1368395489, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -118, "year_label": "119 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring: Han Chinese forces under the General-in-Chief Wei Qing and the cavalry general Huo Qubing invade the Xiongnu Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325704504#China", "title": "119 BC", "revid": 1325704504, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -110, "year_label": "111 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Han-Xiongnu War: the Han generals Gongsun He and Zhao Ponu invade deep into Xiongnu territory, Gongsun marching from Wuhuan and Zhao from Lingju. However, neither come upon a Xiongnu army. There follows a period of several years in which the Han and Xiongnu seek to establish peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1207645086#China", "title": "111 BC", "revid": 1207645086, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -107, "year_label": "108 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wu of Han founds Jiuquan in the Hexi Corridor as a military outpost on the Silk Road to Central Asia. It serves to protect diplomats and merchants, and it cuts off the kings of the region from the Xiongnu. He also founds Xianlei in present-day Inner Mongolia, extending Han control further north than before.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1314084077#Asia", "title": "108 BC", "revid": 1314084077, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -104, "year_label": "105 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Wuwei Chanyu of the Xiongnu dies and is succeeded by his youthful son Er Chanyu. That winter heavy snowstorms lead to the deaths of many livestock, and there is discontent with the new ruler, who is regarded as belligerent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1225571066#Asia", "title": "105 BC", "revid": 1225571066, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -97, "year_label": "98 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wu of Han sends the Han general Gongsun Ao on a mission to rescue general Li Ling from Xiongnu captivity. Gongsun achieves little but receives incorrect information that Li has been training Xiongnu soldiers. Enraged, Emperor Wu exterminates Li's clan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333929969#Asia", "title": "98 BC", "revid": 1333929969, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -96, "year_label": "97 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Han generals Li Guangli, Gongsun Ao, Han Yue and Lu Bode lead armies into Xiongnu territory. The campaign achieves little, and Gongsun Ao suffers a defeat. Emperor Wu of Han condemns him to death due to his troops suffering heavy losses, but he escapes by feigning his death. He is eventually discovered and executed during the witchcraft trials of 91 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280577092#China", "title": "97 BC", "revid": 1280577092, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -90, "year_label": "91 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September - The Xiongnu invade the prefectures of Shanggu and Wuyuan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116011#China", "title": "91 BC", "revid": 1300116011, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -89, "year_label": "90 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Xiongnu invade the Prefectures of Wuyuan and Jiuquan and kill the commandants of both Prefectures.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332493065#China", "title": "90 BC", "revid": 1332493065, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -66, "year_label": "67 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – The army of the Han dynasty Chinese commander Zheng Ji is victorious over the Xiongnu in the Battle of Jushi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366933711#China", "title": "67 BC", "revid": 1366933711, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -50, "year_label": "51 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Xiongnu split into two hordes. The Eastern horde is subject to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350525894#Asia", "title": "51 BC", "revid": 1350525894, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -35, "year_label": "36 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhizhi Chanyu, Chinese ruler of the Xiongnu Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372976843#Deaths", "title": "36 BC", "revid": 1372976843, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -35, "year_label": "36 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October–December – The Han dynasty Chinese army under General Chen Tang and General Gan Yanshou defeat the Xiongnu leader Zhizhi Chanyu in the Battle of Zhizhi. This leads to half a century of peace between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu until Wang Mang enrages them in the year AD 10, resuming hostilities between both sides.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372976843#Asia", "title": "36 BC", "revid": 1372976843, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -19, "year_label": "20 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Fuzhulei Ruodi, ruler of the Xiongnu Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341406329#Deaths", "title": "20 BC", "revid": 1341406329, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 45, "year_label": "45 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Chinese general Ma Yuan conducts an expedition against the Xiongnu and the Xianbei (in Manchuria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_45", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 45"}}, {"year": 46, "year_label": "46 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "A drought and an invasion of locusts hit the Mongolian steppes, causing a famine and a revolt at Xiongnu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_46", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 46"}}, {"year": 48, "year_label": "48 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Guang Wu of Han, restores Chinese domination of Inner Mongolia. The Xiongnu are made confederates and guard the Northern border of the empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_48", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 48"}}, {"year": 73, "year_label": "73 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Ban Chao (Pan-Ch’ao), competing with the Xiongnu, imposes a Chinese protectorate on the kings of Lop Nor and Khotan in the Tarim Basin, with the aim of controlling the Silk Road.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371506584#Asia", "title": "AD 73", "revid": 1371506584, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 73, "year_label": "73 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February – The Chinese Han dynasty launches a major campaign against the Xiongnu, whom they confront in the Battle of Yiwulu in the Kumul oasis, an ultimate Han military victory led by General Dou Gu (d. AD 88).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371506584#Asia", "title": "AD 73", "revid": 1371506584, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 75, "year_label": "75 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Revolt against the Chinese in Tarim: Cachera and Turpan are besieged. Luoyang orders the evacuation of Tarim. Ban Chao makes the rebels retreat towards Khotan. At the same time, the Chinese army of Ganzhou reconquers Turpan in Northern Xiongnu. Ban Chao convinces the emperor of the need to control Central Asia in the fight against Xiongnu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364745397#Asia", "title": "AD 75", "revid": 1364745397, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 89, "year_label": "89 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Battle of Ikh Bayan: The Han Chinese army under Dou Xian, allied with the southern Xiongnu, is victorious over the Northern Xiongnu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371186395#Asia", "title": "AD 89", "revid": 1371186395, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 93, "year_label": "93 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Xianbei incorporates 100,000 Xiongnu, and establishes the Xianbei State in Mongolia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330324282#Asia", "title": "AD 93", "revid": 1330324282, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 150, "year_label": "150 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Yufuluo, Chanyu of the southern Xiongnu (d. 196)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373077197#Births", "title": "AD 150", "revid": 1373077197, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 188, "year_label": "188 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Qiangqui, Chinese ruler of the southern Xiongnu", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371309114#Deaths", "title": "AD 188", "revid": 1371309114, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 195, "year_label": "195 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In China, the Xiongnu federation crosses the Great Wall and establishes itself in Shanxi Province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314035#China", "title": "AD 195", "revid": 1371314035, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 304, "year_label": "304 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Sixteen Kingdoms: The Xiongnu establishes the Han-Zhao state under Liu Yuan, often seen as the start of the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171842#Asia", "title": "304", "revid": 1330171842, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 310, "year_label": "310 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Dan, Chinese empress of Xiongnu (or Han-Zhao)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349300512#Deaths", "title": "310", "revid": 1349300512, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 312, "year_label": "312 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Huyan, Chinese empress of the Xiongnu state", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557372#Deaths", "title": "312", "revid": 1369557372, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 313, "year_label": "313 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Guangxian, Chinese empress of the Xiongnu state", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160715#Deaths", "title": "313", "revid": 1330160715, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 313, "year_label": "313 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Emperor Huai of Jin is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han-Zhao). At the imperial new year he and a number of former Jin officials are poisoned. Crown prince Min of Jin, age 13, succeeds, in Chang'an, his uncle Huai of Jin and becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160715#Asia", "title": "313", "revid": 1330160715, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 314, "year_label": "314 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Liu E (or Lihua), Chinese empress of the Xiongnu state", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364758044#Deaths", "title": "314", "revid": 1364758044, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 318, "year_label": "318 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Eastern Jin dynasty loses its territories to the north of the Yangtze River, to the benefit of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei. The Former Zhao state is proclaimed; Liu Can and the state ruling family at Pingyang is executed in a coup d'état by Jin Zhun, who is in turn overthrown by Shi Le and Liu Yao.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160313#Asia", "title": "318", "revid": 1330160313, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 329, "year_label": "329 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Han-Zhao dynasty, a Southern Xiongnu state during the Sixteen Kingdoms, ends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343982804#China", "title": "329", "revid": 1343982804, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 381, "year_label": "381 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Helian Bobo, Chinese emperor of the Xiongnu state Xia (d. 425)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281451732#Births", "title": "381", "revid": 1281451732, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 397, "year_label": "397 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Xiongnu occupy the Gansu area, an economically important province situated along the Silk Road.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744022#China", "title": "397", "revid": 1364744022, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 425, "year_label": "425 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Helian Bobo, emperor of the Chinese Xiongnu state Xia (born 381)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645280#Deaths", "title": "425", "revid": 1367645280, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 432, "year_label": "432 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Helian Ding, emperor of the Chinese Xiongnu state Xia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361576950#Deaths", "title": "432", "revid": 1361576950, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 433, "year_label": "433 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Juqu Mengxun, prince of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang (b. 368)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1274814907#Deaths", "title": "433", "revid": 1274814907, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 434, "year_label": "434 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Helian Chang, emperor of the Chinese Xiongnu state Xia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747706#Deaths", "title": "434", "revid": 1364747706, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 437, "year_label": "437 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Li Jingshou, princess of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205048#Deaths", "title": "437", "revid": 1349205048, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 460, "year_label": "460 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Juqu Anzhou, prince of the Chinese Xiongnu states Northern Liang", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598361#Deaths", "title": "460", "revid": 1360598361, "section": "Deaths"}}]}