{"slug": "yellow-river", "label": "Yellow River", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7355", "qid": "Q7355", "description": "major river in China", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [-213, 1938], "span_label": ["214 BCE", "1938 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "beijing", "label": "Beijing", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hangzhou", "label": "Hangzhou", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "grand-canal-china", "label": "Grand Canal (China)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "emperor-yang-of-sui", "label": "Emperor Yang of Sui", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "yangtze-river", "label": "Yangtze River", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liao-dynasty", "label": "Liao dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khitan-people", "label": "Khitan people", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "later-jin-five-dynasties", "label": "Later Jin (Five Dynasties)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "northern-wei", "label": "Northern Wei", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "xiongnu", "label": "Xiongnu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qin-state", "label": "Qin (state)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -213, "year_label": "214 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin armies under Meng Tian campaign against the Xiongnu and other northern peoples and expand their territories along the north basin of the Yellow River. They subjugate the Luliang region, drive back the Xiongnu tribes to the northwest of the Ordos Plateau, and seize Gaoque, Mt. Tao and Beijia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637807#China", "title": "214 BC", "revid": 1325637807, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -128, "year_label": "129 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Han diplomat Zhang Qian escapes Xiongnu custody and resumes his mission of forming an anti-Xiongnu alliance with the Yuezhi. He reaches the State of Dayuan in the Ferghana Valley, whose trade with the Han had been prevented by the Xiongnu and who supply Zhang with guides. Zhang then travels to the states of Kangju, Greater Yuezhi and Daxia (Bactria). He also learns of the Parthian Empire, Daqin, the Caspian Sea and the source of the Yellow River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561461#China", "title": "129 BC", "revid": 1369561461, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 11, "year_label": "11 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Yellow River experiences a major flood. This flood is credited for the downfall of the short-lived Xin dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#China", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 11 AD › China"}}, {"year": 18, "year_label": "18 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "After a flooding of the Yellow River in China, farmers are forced to rebel. Emperor Wang Mang reacts by sending an army (some 100,000 men) against the agrarian rebels. The rebel leaders, concerned that during battle it will become impossible to tell friend from foe, order that their men color their eyebrows red – and this is where the name Chimei (\"The Red Eyebrows\") comes from.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#China", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 18 AD › China"}}, {"year": 219, "year_label": "219 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cao Cao controls the Yellow River basin and northern China. Sun Quan rules southern China. Liu Bei controls Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188900#China", "title": "219", "revid": 1371188900, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 528, "year_label": "528 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Empress Dowager Hu, regent of Northern Wei, having resorted to an old monarchist tool and executed lovers who have displeased her, is drowned in the Yellow River along with the nominal emperor, the baby Yuan Zhao, and prince Yuan Yong by order of General Erzhu Rong, who places 21-year-old Yuan Ziyou on the throne as Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793729#Asia", "title": "528", "revid": 1340793729, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 609, "year_label": "609 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Yángdi completes the Grand Canal; it provides an unbroken inland ship transport between the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. The canal network is 1,776 km (1,400 miles) long—linking five river systems—and extends from Beijing to the city of Hangzhou.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077538#Asia", "title": "609", "revid": 1267077538, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 756, "year_label": "756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – An Lushan Rebellion: The eastern capital of Luoyang falls to the 200,000-strong army of the rebel general An Lushan, who defeats loyalist forces under Feng Changqing. The rebels cross the Yellow River, and march on to capture the cities Chenliu and Yingyang (modern Zhengzhou, Henan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654675#Chinese_Empire", "title": "756", "revid": 1366654675, "section": "Events › By place › Chinese Empire"}}, {"year": 947, "year_label": "947 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty invades the Later Jin (Five Dynasties), resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin. Khitan forces head southwards to the Yellow River, but must return to their base in present-day Beijing in May after Tai Zong dies of an illness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671594#China", "title": "947", "revid": 1367671594, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 1126, "year_label": "1126 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin–Song War: Jurchen forces reach the Yellow River Valley, two days after New Year. Remnants of the court flee south, including much of the populace, and communities such as the Kaifeng Jews.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368526441#Asia", "title": "1126", "revid": 1368526441, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1168, "year_label": "1168 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Yuanqu County (also known as Wanting County) in China is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165077#Asia", "title": "1168", "revid": 1362165077, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Yellow River experiences a major course change, taking over the Huai River drainage system for the next 700 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#China", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Mongols led by Genghis Khan begin their first invasion against the Western Xia state (or Xi Xia). They push up along the Yellow River, capturing several garrisons and defeating an imperial army. The Mongols besiege the capital Zhongxing – which holds a well-fortified garrison of some 70,000 men (hastily reinforced with another 50,000). Genghis lacks the proper equipment and experience to take the city. In October, an attempt to flood the city by diverting the Yellow River is disastrous and floods the Mongol camp, forcing the Mongols to withdraw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Asia", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After securing all Jin lands north of the Yellow River, Genghis Khan receives a message that Xuan Zong has moved his capital to Kaifeng. He returns to Zhongdu and precedes the city with the help of thousands of Chinese engineers. The Mongols starve the city out (the inhabitants are forced to eat the dead). The garrison, with a short supply of ammunition for the cannons holds out for the winter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329586748#Asia", "title": "1214", "revid": 1329586748, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – 1642 Yellow River flood: Some 300,000 people die in the intentional breaking of the dams and dykes of the Yellow River, done by the Ming dynasty defenders of Kaifeng to break the siege by the large rebel force of Li Zicheng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#October–December", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Taiping Rebellion: The Northern Expeditionary Force crosses the Yellow River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#April–June", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 & 7 – The 1938 Yellow River flood is created by the Nationalist government in central China, breaching embankments during the early stage of the Second Sino-Japanese War, in an attempt to halt the rapid advance of Japanese forces. The flood kills at least 400,000, covers and destroys thousands of square kilometers of farmland, and shifts the mouth of the Yellow River hundreds of kilometers to the south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#June", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › June"}}]}