{"slug": "yorkshire", "label": "Yorkshire", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163", "qid": "Q163", "description": "historic county of England", "entries": 21, "years": 20, "span": [655, 1917], "span_label": ["655 CE", "1917 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "robert-the-bruce", "label": "Robert the Bruce", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-northumbria", "label": "Kingdom of Northumbria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "northumberland", "label": "Northumberland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-i-of-england", "label": "Henry I of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "empress-matilda", "label": "Empress Matilda", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lincolnshire", "label": "Lincolnshire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "david-i-of-scotland", "label": "David I of Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carlisle", "label": "Carlisle", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mercia", "label": "Mercia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 655, "year_label": "655 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Battle of the Winwaed: King Oswiu of Bernicia defeats his rival, King Penda of Mercia at Cock Beck, near what later will be Leeds (Yorkshire). Kings Cadafael Cadomedd of Gwynedd and Œthelwald of Deira, allies of Mercia, withdraw their forces before the battle begins. It marks the defeat of the last credible pagan force in England. It also sows the seeds which will lead to Anglo-Saxon acceptance of the Catholic Church (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636681#Britain", "title": "655", "revid": 1367636681, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 657, "year_label": "657 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Hilda, Anglo-Saxon abbess, founds a monastery at Streaneshalch, on the Yorkshire coast at Whitby (England).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804374#Religion", "title": "657", "revid": 1340804374, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 941, "year_label": "941 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Olaf Guthfrithson, a Norse-Irish chieftain, is killed while raiding an ancient Anglian church at Tyninghame (Northern Northumbria). He is succeeded by his cousin Olaf Sigtryggsson as ruler of Jórvik (modern Yorkshire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512041#Europe", "title": "941", "revid": 1341512041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Northumbria is divided by King William II into the counties of Northumberland, County Palatine of Durham, Yorkshire, Westmorland and Lancashire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#England", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1132, "year_label": "1132 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – Fountains Abbey soon to join the Cistercian order, is founded near Ripon in Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359566515#Religion", "title": "1132", "revid": 1359566515, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1132, "year_label": "1132 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Rievaulx Abbey is founded by the Cistercian order, near Helmsley in Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359566515#Religion", "title": "1132", "revid": 1359566515, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Battle of the Standard: King David I of Scotland gives his full support to Matilda (daughter of the late King Henry I), and invades the north of England – travelling as far south as Lincolnshire. The Scottish army (some 15,000 men) is defeated by English forces under Earl William le Gros in Yorkshire. David retreats to Carlisle and reassembles an army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Britain", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Byland Abbey is established on its final site in Yorkshire, England, by the Cistercians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#Date_unknown", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1318, "year_label": "1318 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Having captured Berwick-upon-Tweed, Scottish forces under King Robert the Bruce raid Yorkshire and burn Northallerton, Boroughbridge and Knaresborough (where some 140 houses are destroyed). They also terrorize the citizens of Ripon, who are spared destruction, on payment of 1,000 marks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361981975#April_–_June", "title": "1318", "revid": 1361981975, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1322, "year_label": "1322 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – \"Great Raid\": Battle of Old Byland – Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce defeat the English army in Yorkshire. During the battle, Robert and his highlanders charge themselves in a flanking position, from where the English troops are overrun, the most significant Scots victory over the English since Bannockburn in 1314. Edward II narrowly escapes capture and is forced to abandon his personal equipment, silver plate, jewelry and horse trappings. He flees with his retinue to Bridlington.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350577150#October_–_December", "title": "1322", "revid": 1350577150, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Mount Grace Priory is established in Yorkshire, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#Date_unknown", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – At the Battle of Towton in Yorkshire, the newly proclaimed Yorkist King Edward IV defeats the Lancastrians, led by the Duke of Somerset, to make good his claim to the English throne. The battle, which claims the lives of at least 6,000 supporters of King Henry VI and at least 3,000 of King Edward's men, remains one of the bloodiest battles ever fought on English soil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#January–March", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – After being tracked down by King Edward IV and taken prisoner at Southampton, the rebel Thomas Neville is beheaded at Middleham Castle in his native Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370196979#July–September", "title": "1471", "revid": 1370196979, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1489, "year_label": "1489 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, is killed in the village of South Kilvington in Yorkshire while meeting with John à Chambre in an attempt to stop the Yorkshire rebellion of 1489, which had started over King Henry VII's raising of taxes in Northumberland and Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364757252#April–June", "title": "1489", "revid": 1364757252, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Bigod's Rebellion, an uprising by Roman Catholics, led by Francis Bigod against Henry VIII of England and Protestant Rebellion, begins with an unsuccessful attempt to seize Scarborough Castle in Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#January–March", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King James's School, Knaresborough in Yorkshire is founded by Dr. Robert Chaloner, and the charter is signed by King James I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#September-October", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › September-October"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – First English Civil War: Battle of Adwalton Moor – Royalists gain control of Yorkshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340617365#April–June", "title": "1643", "revid": 1340617365, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor – The Parliamentarians crush the Royalists in Yorkshire, ending Charles I's hold on the north of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#July–September", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Wold Cottage meteorite: A meteorite falls at Wold Newton, a hamlet in Yorkshire in England. This meteorite fall is subsequently used as a literary premise by science fiction writer Philip José Farmer, as the basis for the Wold Newton family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#July–December", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – The first Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning is held, starting in Paris. The winning team, piloting the balloon United States, lands in Fylingdales, Yorkshire, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#September–October", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July", "text": "The first Cottingley Fairies photographs are taken in Yorkshire, England, apparently depicting fairies (a hoax not admitted by the child creators until 1981).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#July", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › July"}}]}