{"slug": "yuan-dynasty", "label": "Yuan dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313", "qid": "Q7313", "description": "Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China (1271–1368)", "entries": 29, "years": 27, "span": [1270, 1411], "span_label": ["1270 CE", "1411 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "nanjing", "label": "Nanjing", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "goryeo", "label": "Goryeo", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "golden-horde", "label": "Golden Horde", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mongol-empire", "label": "Mongol Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mongolia", "label": "Mongolia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "japan", "label": "Japan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kyushu", "label": "Kyūshū", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "song-dynasty", "label": "Song dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "macau", "label": "Macau", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chinese-buddhism", "label": "Chinese Buddhism", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1270, "year_label": "1270 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion begins against the Goryeo dynasty, a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480805#Asia", "title": "1270", "revid": 1362480805, "section": "Events › Asia"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Kublai Khan renames his empire \"Great Yuan\" (大元; dà yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Asia", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1273, "year_label": "1273 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion against the Goryeo dynasty (a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty) ends as rebel forces are defeated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364847849#Asia", "title": "1273", "revid": 1364847849, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Japan, a 20 kilometer stone wall defending the coast of Hakata Bay at Fukuoka on the island of Kyushu is completed; it is built in response to the attempted Yuan dynasty Mongol invasion of Japan in 1274.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Asia", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Migration of the (Southern) Song dynasty: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song dynasty in China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the Yuan dynasty. They also stay for a short period in (New) Kowloon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Asia", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13–14 – Battle of Thị Nại Bay: A Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary force (some 5,000 men) lands on the beach, near Champa's capital Vijaya in Vietnam. Despite being outnumbered, the Yuan invaders break the Cham defensive line and force King Indravarman V to retreat to the Western Highlands, where he wages a successful guerrilla campaign against the occupying Yuan forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Asia", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1286, "year_label": "1286 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Lao kingdom of Muang Sua, King Panya Leng is overthrown in a coup d'état led by his son, Prince Panya Khamphong, which is likely to have been supported by the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071337#Asia", "title": "1286", "revid": 1363071337, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Asia", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Asia"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – King Kyawswa of Pagan and his son, Crown Prince Theingapati, are executed at Myinsaing, by the three brothers of the Myinsaing Kingdom (nominally Kyawswa's viceroys), for submitting and being a vassal to the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (since 1297).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Asia", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Beijing Temple of Confucius is erected during the reign of Emperor Temür Khan (or \"Chengzong\") of the Chinese Yuan dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#Date_unknown", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Ambassadors from the Mongol rulers of Central Asia and the Yuan Dynasty announce to Toqta Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde, their general peace proposal. Toqta accepts the supremacy of Emperor Temür Khan and all yams (postal relays) and commercial networks across the Mongol khanates reopen. In response, Toqta solidifies his rule upon the Rus' princes, who pledge allegiance to him at an assembly in Pereyaslavl.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#Asia", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1305, "year_label": "1305 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – At Tabriz (now in Iran) Öljaitü the Mongol Ikhanate, receives the Mongol ambassador from Yuan dynasty China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297125288#July_–_September", "title": "1305", "revid": 1297125288, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1328, "year_label": "1328 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Yesün Temür, emperor of the Yuan dynasty (b. 1293)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344099935#Deaths", "title": "1328", "revid": 1344099935, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1329, "year_label": "1329 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, emperor of the Yuan dynasty and the Mongol Empire (b. 1300)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344101347#Deaths", "title": "1329", "revid": 1344101347, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1332, "year_label": "1332 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür, Emperor Wenzong of the Yuan dynasty (b. 1304)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1272872485#Deaths", "title": "1332", "revid": 1272872485, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq chooses Ibn Battuta to lead a diplomatic mission to Yuan Dynasty China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561422#Date_unknown", "title": "1341", "revid": 1369561422, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1351, "year_label": "1351 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Red Turban Rebellions break out in China, leading to permanent weakening of the Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275601006#Date_unknown", "title": "1351", "revid": 1275601006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1352, "year_label": "1352 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After years of begging and being a Buddhist monk, the penniless Chinese peasant Zhu Yuanzhang joins the Red Turban Rebellions against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China; he will later become the first emperor of the Ming dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1294629592#Date_unknown", "title": "1352", "revid": 1294629592, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1356, "year_label": "1356 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhu Yuanzhang, one of the leaders in the Red Turban Rebellion, captures the city of Nanjing from the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China; from then on it becomes his base of power, and the capital of a new dynasty he would establish in 1368, the Ming dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441440#Date_unknown", "title": "1356", "revid": 1350441440, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1363, "year_label": "1363 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30–October 4 – Battle of Lake Poyang: The Dahan rebel forces of Chen Youliang are defeated by the Red Turban Rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang, during the final decade of Yuan dynasty control over China. Zhu's naval forces of 200,000 are pitted against Chen's naval forces of 650,000 troops, in what is not only the largest naval battle of the medieval age, but also one of the largest naval battles in history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555096#January–December", "title": "1363", "revid": 1292555096, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1365, "year_label": "1365 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Princess Noguk of the Yuan dynasty and queen consort of Goryeo", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339848684#Deaths", "title": "1365", "revid": 1339848684, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1366, "year_label": "1366 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhu Yuanzhang, leader of the Red Turban Rebellion that will overthrow the Yuan dynasty and establish the Ming dynasty two years later, begins building the walls for a new capital city at Nanjing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361982215#Date_unknown", "title": "1366", "revid": 1361982215, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Zhu Yuanzhang declares himself as Emperor of China and forces Emperor Huizong of the Yuan dynasty to flee the capital, Yingtian (now Nanjing).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#January–March", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – In the continued conquest of Yuan dynasty China by the Ming dynasty, General Chang Yuchun captures the Yuan capital, Shangdu, forcing the Yuan Emperor Huizong to flee further northward.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#July–September", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1370, "year_label": "1370 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – At Yingchang, now part of the Hexigten province of China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara is crowned as Emperor of the Northern Yuan, the remaining portion of the Chinese territory that had been ruled by the Yuan dynasty prior its overthrow in 1368 by the rulers of the Ming dynasty. Prince Ayushiridara is the son of the late Emperor Huizong of Yuan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370872148#April–June", "title": "1370", "revid": 1370872148, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1370, "year_label": "1370 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Emperor Huizong, who was the last Chinese ruler of the Yuan dynasty (from 1333 to 1368) and ruler of a portion of Inner Mongolia after his defeat in 1368, dies at the age of 49.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370872148#April–June", "title": "1370", "revid": 1370872148, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür succeeds his father, Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara, as ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#April–June", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Basalawarmi, the Yuan dynasty Prince of Liang (now in the Henan province), commits suicide at his palace in Kaifeng after having been forced to retreat from the Ming dynasty armies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#January–March", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1411, "year_label": "1411 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Under the reign of Emperor Cheng Zu of Ming China, work begins to reinstate the ancient Grand Canal of China, which fell into disuse and dilapidation during the previous Yuan dynasty. Between 1411 and 1415, a total of 165,000 laborers dredge the canal bed in Shandong, build new channels, embankments, and canal locks. Four large reservoirs in Shandong are also dug, in order to regulate water levels, instead of resorting to pumping water from local tables. A large dam is also constructed, to divert water from the Wen River southwest into the Grand Canal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354941251#Date_unknown", "title": "1411", "revid": 1354941251, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}