{"slug": "zoroastrianism", "label": "Zoroastrianism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9601", "qid": "Q9601", "description": "Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [-399, 1844], "span_label": ["400 BCE", "1844 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sasanian-empire", "label": "Sasanian Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "manichaeism", "label": "Manichaeism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greater-khorasan", "label": "Greater Khorasan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shapur-i", "label": "Shapur I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ctesiphon", "label": "Ctesiphon", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Zoroastrianism becomes the faith of many Persians. The Zoroastrians believe in a struggle between their god, Mazda, and the devil. They believe that the birth of their founder, the prophet Zarathustra, was the beginning of a final epoch that is to end in an Armageddon and triumph of good over evil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#By_topic", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Events › By topic"}}, {"year": 180, "year_label": "180 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Commodus creates an official cult of the Zoroastrian god Mithra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305659#Religion", "title": "AD 180", "revid": 1371305659, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 274, "year_label": "274 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Mani, a sage of Persia, dies at Gundeshapur after 30 years of preaching his \"heresy\" at the court of the late Sassanian King Shapur I and on long journeys to Khorasan, India and China. He is executed or allowed to die in prison, and claims to be a prophet of God. Mani combines Zoroastrian dualism with Christian theology, and his disciples gain wide support for Manichaeism, despite opposition from Roman Emperors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271086341#Religion", "title": "274", "revid": 1271086341, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 276, "year_label": "276 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Bahram I of Persia dies after a 3-year reign, in which the Zoroastrian priests at Ctesiphon (Iran) put pressure on him to persecute Buddhists, Christians, and Manichaeans. He is succeeded by his son Bahram II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074469#Sassanid_Empire", "title": "276", "revid": 1267074469, "section": "Events › By place › Sassanid Empire"}}, {"year": 338, "year_label": "338 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Shapur II, king of the Persian Empire, begins a widespread persecution of Christians. He orders forcible conversions to the state religion, Zoroastrianism, lest the Christians disrupt his realm while he is away fighting the Romans in Armenia and Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075323#Persia", "title": "338", "revid": 1267075323, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sasanian War: Emperor Heraclius advances with an expeditionary force (40,000 men) along the Araxes River, destroying the fortress city of Dvin, capital of Armenia, and Nakhchivan (modern Azerbaijan). At Ganzak, Heraclius defeats the Persian army and destroys the famous fire temple at Takht-e Soleymān, an important Zoroastrian shrine. He winters his army in Caucasian Albania to gather forces for the next year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Muslims replace Zoroastrianism with Islam in Mesopotamia (later Iraq); they do not force their conquered subjects to embrace the Islamic faith, but they do require acceptance of the Quran as the doctrine of divine teaching, and will oblige their subjects to learn Arabic (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Religion", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 845, "year_label": "845 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution: Emperor Wu Zong begins the persecution of Buddhists and other foreign religions in China, such as Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism. More than 4,600 monasteries, 40,000 temples and numerous shrines are destroyed. More than 260,000 Buddhist monks and nuns are forced to return to secular life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342044538#Asia", "title": "845", "revid": 1342044538, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – The day after his return to Paris from a nine-year mission, French explorer and scholar Anquetil Du Perron presents a complete copy of the Zoroastrian sacred text, the Zend Avesta, to the Bibliothèque Royale in Paris, along with several other traditional texts. In 1771, he publishes the first European translation of the Zend Avesta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#January–June", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The Báb is publicly proclaimed to be the promised one of Islam (the Qá'im, or Mahdi). He is also considered to be simultaneously the return of Elijah, John the Baptist and the \"Ushídar-Máh\" referred to in the Zoroastrian scriptures. He announces to the world the coming of \"He whom God shall make manifest\". He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh – the founder of the Baháʼí Faith – whose claims include being the return of Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372570203#October–December", "title": "1844", "revid": 1372570203, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}