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Republic","region":"Europe","country":"France","wikipedia":"French Second Republic","key":"France","holders":[{"name":"Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte","person":"Napoléon III","qid":"Q7721","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, President (1848–1852)"},{"name":"Léon Faucher","person":"Léon Faucher","qid":"Q954880","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Léon Faucher, Prime minister (1851)"}]},{"state":"Luxembourg","region":"Europe","country":"Luxembourg","wikipedia":"Luxembourg","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"William III","person":"William III of the Netherlands","qid":"Q125649","title":"Grand Duke","office":"Monarchs","quote":"William III, Grand Duke (1849–1890)"},{"name":"Jean-Jacques Willmar","person":"Jean-Jacques Willmar","qid":"Q738855","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Jean-Jacques Willmar, Prime minister (1848–1853)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","region":"Europe","country":"Netherlands","wikipedia":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"William III","person":"William III of the Netherlands","qid":"Q125649","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"William III, King (1849–1890)"},{"name":"Johan Rudolph Thorbecke","person":"Johan Rudolph Thorbecke","qid":"Q182509","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Prime minister (1849–1853)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Huahine","region":"Oceania","country":"French Polynesia","wikipedia":"Huahine","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Teriitaria II","person":"Teriitaria II","qid":"Q7702414","title":"Queen","office":null,"quote":"Teriitaria II, Queen (1815–1852)"}]},{"state":"Kings of Uvea (Wallis)","region":"Oceania","country":"French Polynesia","wikipedia":"List of kings of Uvea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua","person":"Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua","qid":"Q7549784","title":"King","office":null,"quote":"Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua, King (1830–1858)"}]},{"state":"Tuʻi Kanokupolu of Tonga","region":"Oceania","country":"Tonga","wikipedia":"Tuʻi Kanokupolu","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George Tupou I/ Tāufaʻāhau","person":"George Tupou I","qid":"Q379840","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George Tupou I/ Tāufaʻāhau, King (1845–1893)"}]}],"source":{"name":"Wikipedia","title":"List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900)","revid":1370561602,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561602","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","retrieved":"2026-10-22"},"checked":"Each holder is quoted from the list and kept for this year only where the person's own Wikidata record holds the same post over the same term, to within a year."},"births":[{"text":"8 February – Sir Marteine Lloyd, 2nd Baronet (d. 1933)","person":"8 February","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367223804#Births","title":"1851 in Wales","revid":1367223804}},{"text":"January 3 – Elisabeth Flühmann, teacher and women's rights activist (d. 1929)","person":"January 3","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359426621#Births","title":"1851 in Switzerland","revid":1359426621}},{"text":"September 29 – Hardwicke Rawnsley, English clergyman, poet, writer of hymns and conservationist (d. 1920)","person":"September 29","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"March 24 – Friedrich von Scholtz, German general (d. 1927)","person":"March 24","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"24 March – Robert Ambrose Jones (Emrys ap Iwan) (d. 1906)","person":"24 March","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367223804#Births","title":"1851 in Wales","revid":1367223804}},{"text":"March 14 – John Sebastian Little, American politician, congressman (d. 1916)","person":"March 14","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler, gunfighter (d. 1887)","person":"August 14","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"March 28 – Bernardino Machado, Portuguese President (d. 1944)","person":"March 28","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"January 19 – David Starr Jordan, American ichthyologist, educator, eugenicist, and peace activist (d. 1931)","person":"David Starr Jordan","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"10 March – William Haggar, pioneer of the film industry (d. 1925)","person":"10 March","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367223804#Births","title":"1851 in Wales","revid":1367223804}},{"text":"February 2 – Ella Giles Ruddy, American author and essayist (d. 1917)","person":"February 2","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"August 14 – Doc Holliday, born John H. Holliday, gunfighter, gambler and dentist (died 1887)","person":"Doc Holliday","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369630010#Births","title":"1851 in the United States","revid":1369630010}},{"text":"January 9 – Rudolf von Brudermann, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1941)","person":"January 9","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}},{"text":"1 August – Sir Joseph Verco, physician and conchologist (d. 1933)","person":"1 August","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330921611#Births","title":"1851 in Australia","revid":1330921611}},{"text":"October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of Allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)","person":"October 2","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#Births","title":"1851","revid":1358777790}}]}