{"year":1922,"population":{"value":1927207651,"source":{"name":"Population (HYDE 3.3; Gapminder; UN World Population Prospects)","publisher":"Our World in Data","url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population","license":"CC BY 4.0"}},"prices":{"cpi":16.75,"cpi_now":336.94,"cpi_now_date":"2026-09-01","dollar_today":20.1158,"cpi_source":{"series":"CPIAUCNS","name":"Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCNS","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"},"items":[]},"leaders":{"states":[{"state":"Kingdom of Rwanda","region":"Africa","country":"Great Lakes area","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Rwanda","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Yuhi V Musinga","person":"Yuhi V of Rwanda","qid":"Q2713920","title":"King","office":null,"quote":"Yuhi V Musinga, King (1896–1931)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate of Zanzibar","region":"Africa","country":"Great Lakes area","wikipedia":"Sultanate of Zanzibar","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Khalifa II","person":"Khalifa bin Harub of Zanzibar","qid":"Q982863","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Khalifa II, Sultan (1911–1960)"}]},{"state":"Ethiopian Empire","region":"Africa","country":"Horn of Africa area","wikipedia":"Ethiopian Empire","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Zewditu I","person":"Zewditu I","qid":"Q148524","title":"Empress","office":null,"quote":"Zewditu I, Empress (1916–1930)"}]},{"state":"Beylik of Tunis","region":"Africa","country":"Tunisia","wikipedia":"Beylik of Tunis","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Muhammad V an-Nasir","person":"Muhammad V an-Nasir","qid":"Q2551383","title":"Bey","office":"Beys","quote":"Muhammad V an-Nasir, Bey (1906–1922)"},{"name":"Muhammad VI al-Habib","person":"Muhammad VI al-Habib","qid":"Q2722555","title":"Bey","office":"Beys","quote":"Muhammad VI al-Habib, Bey (1922–1929)"},{"name":"Taïeb Djellouli","person":"Taïeb Djellouli","qid":"Q3516540","title":"Grand vizier","office":"Grand viziers","quote":"Taïeb Djellouli, Grand vizier (1915–1922)"},{"name":"Mustapha Dinguizli","person":"Mustapha Dinguizli","qid":"Q3328933","title":"Prime minister","office":"Grand viziers","quote":"Mustapha Dinguizli, Prime minister (1922–1926)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate of Egypt","region":"Africa","country":"Egypt","wikipedia":"Sultanate of Egypt","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Adly Yakan Pasha","person":"Adly Yakan Pasha","qid":"Q358528","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1921–1922)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Egypt","region":"Africa","country":"Egypt","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Egypt","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha","person":"Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha","qid":"Q4116115","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha","person":"Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha","qid":"Q4115732","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate of Morocco: Alaouite dynasty","region":"Africa","country":"Morocco and Western Sahara","wikipedia":"Morocco","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Yusef","person":"Yusef of Morocco","qid":"Q276937","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Yusef, Sultan (1912–1927)"}]},{"state":"Republic of the Rif","region":"Africa","country":"Morocco and Western Sahara","wikipedia":"Republic of the Rif","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Abd el-Krim","person":"Abd el-Krim","qid":"Q202650","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Abd el-Krim, President (1921–1926)"}]},{"state":"Union of South Africa","region":"Africa","country":"South Africa","wikipedia":"Union of South Africa","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George V","person":"George V","qid":"Q269412","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George V, King (1910–1936)"},{"name":"Jan Smuts","person":"Jan Smuts","qid":"Q214321","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1919–1924)"}]},{"state":"Liberia","region":"Africa","country":"Liberia","wikipedia":"Liberia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Charles D. B. King","person":"Charles D. B. King","qid":"Q730622","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Charles D. B. King, President (1920–1930)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Cuba","region":"Americas","country":"Cuba","wikipedia":"Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso","person":"Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso","qid":"Q880250","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso, President (1921–1925)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)","region":"Americas","country":"Haiti","wikipedia":"Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave","person":"Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave","qid":"Q268439","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President (1915–1922)"},{"name":"Louis Borno","person":"Louis Borno","qid":"Q886472","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Louis Borno, President (1922–1930)"}]},{"state":"First Costa Rican Republic","region":"Americas","country":"Costa Rica","wikipedia":"First Costa Rican Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Julio Acosta García","person":"Julio Acosta García","qid":"Q614736","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Julio Acosta García, President (1920–1924)"}]},{"state":"El Salvador","region":"Americas","country":"El Salvador","wikipedia":"El Salvador","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jorge Meléndez","person":"Jorge Meléndez","qid":"Q881128","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Jorge Meléndez, President (1919–1923)"}]},{"state":"Guatemala","region":"Americas","country":"Guatemala","wikipedia":"Guatemala","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"José María Orellana","person":"José María Orellana","qid":"Q885550","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"José María Orellana, President (1921–1926)"}]},{"state":"Honduras","region":"Americas","country":"Honduras","wikipedia":"Honduras","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Rafael López Gutiérrez","person":"Rafael López Gutiérrez","qid":"Q178575","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Rafael López Gutiérrez, President (1920–1924)"}]},{"state":"Nicaragua","region":"Americas","country":"Nicaragua","wikipedia":"Nicaragua","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Diego Manuel Chamorro","person":"Diego Manuel Chamorro","qid":"Q887460","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Diego Manuel Chamorro, President (1921–1923)"}]},{"state":"Canada","region":"Americas","country":"Canada","wikipedia":"Canada","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"William Lyon Mackenzie King","person":"William Lyon Mackenzie King","qid":"Q128633","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1921–1926)"}]},{"state":"Dominion of Newfoundland","region":"Americas","country":"Canada","wikipedia":"Dominion of Newfoundland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George V","person":"George V","qid":"Q269412","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George V, King (1910–1936)"}]},{"state":"Mexico","region":"Americas","country":"Mexico","wikipedia":"Mexico","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Álvaro Obregón","person":"Álvaro Obregón","qid":"Q217498","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Álvaro Obregón, President (1920–1924)"}]},{"state":"United States","region":"Americas","country":"United States","wikipedia":"United States","key":"United States","holders":[{"name":"Warren G. Harding","person":"Warren G. Harding","qid":"Q35286","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Warren G. Harding, President (1921–1923)"}]},{"state":"Argentine Republic","region":"Americas","country":"Argentina","wikipedia":"Argentina","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hipólito Yrigoyen","person":"Hipólito Yrigoyen","qid":"Q297134","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1916–1922)"},{"name":"Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear","person":"Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear","qid":"Q363586","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, President (1922–1928)"}]},{"state":"Bolivia","region":"Americas","country":"Bolivia","wikipedia":"Bolivia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Bautista Saavedra","person":"Bautista Saavedra","qid":"Q811928","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Bautista Saavedra, President (1921–1925)"}]},{"state":"First Brazilian Republic","region":"Americas","country":"Brazil","wikipedia":"First Brazilian Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Epitácio Pessoa","person":"Epitácio Pessoa","qid":"Q311119","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Epitácio Pessoa, President (1919–1922)"},{"name":"Artur Bernardes","person":"Artur Bernardes","qid":"Q311121","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Artur Bernardes, President (1922–1926)"}]},{"state":"Parliamentary Era Chile","region":"Americas","country":"Chile","wikipedia":"History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Arturo Alessandri","person":"Arturo Alessandri","qid":"Q848","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Arturo Alessandri, President (1920–1924)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Colombia","region":"Americas","country":"Colombia","wikipedia":"Colombia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jorge Holguín","person":"Jorge Holguín","qid":"Q3091191","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Jorge Holguín, President (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez","person":"Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez","qid":"Q2744236","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez, President (1922–1926)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Paraguay","region":"Americas","country":"Paraguay","wikipedia":"History of Paraguay","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Eusebio Ayala","person":"Eusebio Ayala","qid":"Q559950","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Eusebio Ayala, President (1921–1923)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Peru","region":"Americas","country":"Peru","wikipedia":"Peru","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo","person":"Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo","qid":"Q131010","title":"Constitutional President","office":null,"quote":"Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1919–1930)"}]},{"state":"Uruguay","region":"Americas","country":"Uruguay","wikipedia":"Uruguay","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Baltasar Brum","person":"Baltasar Brum","qid":"Q728478","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Baltasar Brum, President (1919–1923)"}]},{"state":"United States of Venezuela","region":"Americas","country":"Venezuela","wikipedia":"United States of Venezuela","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Juan Vicente Gómez","person":"Juan Vicente Gómez","qid":"Q317990","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1922–1929)"}]},{"state":"Republic of China (1916–1949)","region":"Asia","country":"China","wikipedia":"Republic of China (1912–49)","key":"China","holders":[{"name":"Xu Shichang","person":"Xu Shichang","qid":"Q702428","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Xu Shichang, President (1918–1922)"},{"name":"Wang Zhengting","person":"Wang Zhengting","qid":"Q6127766","title":"Acting Premier","office":"Premiers","quote":"Wang Zhengting, Acting Premier (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Empire of Japan","region":"Asia","country":"Japan","wikipedia":"Empire of Japan","key":"Japan","holders":[{"name":"Taishō","person":"Emperor Taishō","qid":"Q157052","title":"Emperor","office":"Emperors","quote":"Taishō, Emperor (1912–1926)"},{"name":"Takahashi Korekiyo","person":"Takahashi Korekiyo","qid":"Q315842","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Katō Tomosaburō","person":"Katō Tomosaburō","qid":"Q335203","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Katō Tomosaburō, Prime minister (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Bogd Khanate of Mongolia","region":"Asia","country":"Mongolia","wikipedia":"Bogd Khanate of Mongolia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Bogd Khan","person":"Bogd Khan","qid":"Q353547","title":"Khagan","office":"Khagans","quote":"Bogd Khan, Khagan (1911–1924)"},{"name":"Dogsomyn Bodoo","person":"Dogsomyn Bodoo","qid":"Q2994382","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Dogsomyn Bodoo, Prime minister (1921–1922)"}]},{"state":"Protectorate of Brunei","region":"Asia","country":"Brunei","wikipedia":"Brunei#British intervention","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Muhammad Jamalul Alam II","person":"Muhammad Jamalul Alam II","qid":"Q40110","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Muhammad Jamalul Alam II, Sultan (1906–1924)"}]},{"state":"Surakarta Sunanate","region":"Asia","country":"Indonesia","wikipedia":"Surakarta Sunanate","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Pakubuwono X","person":"Pakubuwono X","qid":"Q2330098","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Pakubuwono X, Sultan (1893–1939)"}]},{"state":"Yogyakarta Sultanate","region":"Asia","country":"Indonesia","wikipedia":"Yogyakarta Sultanate","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hamengkubuwono VIII","person":"Hamengkubuwono VIII","qid":"Q661401","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Hamengkubuwono VIII, Sultan (1921–1939)"}]},{"state":"Pakualaman","region":"Asia","country":"Indonesia","wikipedia":"Pakualaman","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Pakualam VII","person":"Paku Alam VII","qid":"Q2266005","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Pakualam VII, Sultan (1906–1937)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura","region":"Asia","country":"Indonesia","wikipedia":"Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Syarif Kasim II","person":"Syarif Kasim II","qid":"Q11214817","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Syarif Kasim II, Sultan (1915–1946)"}]},{"state":"French Protectorate of Luang Phrabang","region":"Asia","country":"Laos","wikipedia":"French Protectorate of Laos","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Sisavang Vong","person":"Sisavang Vong","qid":"Q379794","title":"King of Luang Phrabang","office":null,"quote":"Sisavang Vong, King of Luang Phrabang (1904–1945), King of Laos (1946–1953)"}]},{"state":"Kedah Sultanate","region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","wikipedia":"Kedah Sultanate","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ll","person":"Abdul Hamid Halim of Kedah","qid":"Q4207009","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ll, Sultan, (1881–1943)"}]},{"state":"Perak Sultanate: Siak dynasty","region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","wikipedia":"Perak Sultanate","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Iskandar","person":"Iskandar of Perak","qid":"Q4259447","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Iskandar, Sultan (1918–1938)"}]},{"state":"Terengganu Sultanate","region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","wikipedia":"Terengganu Sultanate","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah","person":"Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Terengganu","qid":"Q12709893","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1920–1942)"}]},{"state":"Selangor Sultanate","region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","wikipedia":"Selangor Sultanate","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Sulaiman","person":"Sulaiman of Selangor","qid":"Q7335978","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Sulaiman, Sultan (1896–1937)"}]},{"state":"Negeri Sembilan","region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","wikipedia":"Negeri Sembilan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Muhammad","person":"Muhammad of Negeri Sembilan","qid":"Q6932902","title":"Yamtuan","office":null,"quote":"Muhammad, Yamtuan (1888–1933)"}]},{"state":"Siam/Thailand: Rattanakosin Kingdom","region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","wikipedia":"Thailand","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Vajiravudh","person":"Vajiravudh","qid":"Q161389","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Vajiravudh, King (1910–1925)"}]},{"state":"Nguyễn dynasty","region":"Asia","country":"Vietnam","wikipedia":"Nguyễn dynasty","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Khải Định","person":"Khải Định","qid":"Q468758","title":"Emperor","office":null,"quote":"Khải Định, Emperor (1916–1925)"}]},{"state":"Hakims of Bahrain","region":"Asia","country":"Bahrain","wikipedia":"History of Bahrain (1783–1971)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa","person":"Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa","qid":"Q343110","title":"Hakim","office":null,"quote":"Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869–1923)"}]},{"state":"Sublime State of Persia: Qajar dynasty","region":"Asia","country":"Iran","wikipedia":"Qajar Iran","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ahmad Shah Qajar","person":"Ahmad Shah Qajar","qid":"Q317799","title":"Shah","office":"Shahs","quote":"Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah (1909–1925)"}]},{"state":"Mandatory Iraq: Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration","region":"Asia","country":"Iraq","wikipedia":"Mandatory Iraq","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Faisal I","person":"Faisal I of Iraq","qid":"Q212486","title":"King","office":"Kings","quote":"Faisal I, King (1921–1933)"},{"name":"Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani","person":"Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani","qid":"Q2464750","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani, Prime minister (1920–1922)"},{"name":"Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun","person":"Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun","qid":"Q2635118","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun, Prime minister (1922–1923, 1925–1926, 1928–1929, 1929)"}]},{"state":"Sheikhdom of Kuwait","region":"Asia","country":"Kuwait","wikipedia":"Sheikhdom of Kuwait","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ahmad I","person":"Ahmad I Al-Jaber Al-Sabah","qid":"Q400907","title":"Sheikh","office":null,"quote":"Ahmad I, Sheikh (1921–1950)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate/ State of Muscat and Oman","region":"Asia","country":"Oman","wikipedia":"Muscat and Oman","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Taimur","person":"Taimur bin Feisal","qid":"Q888278","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Taimur, Sultan (1913–1932)"}]},{"state":"Qatar","region":"Asia","country":"Qatar","wikipedia":"Qatar","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani","person":"Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani","qid":"Q4116065","title":"Emir","office":null,"quote":"Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir (1913–1949)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Hejaz","region":"Asia","country":"Saudi Arabia","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Hejaz","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hussein bin Ali","person":"Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca","qid":"Q128906","title":"King","office":null,"quote":"Hussein bin Ali, King (1916–1924)"}]},{"state":"Ottoman (Turkish) Empire","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Ottoman Empire","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mehmed VI","person":"Mehmed VI","qid":"Q162543","title":"Sultan","office":"Sultans","quote":"Mehmed VI, Sultan (1918–1922)"},{"name":"Ahmet Tevfik Pasha","person":"Ahmet Tevfik Pasha","qid":"Q276098","title":"Grand Vizier","office":"Grand Viziers","quote":"Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier (1920–1922)"}]},{"state":"Ankara Government of Turkey (1920–1923)","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Government of the Grand National Assembly","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Fevzi Çakmak","person":"Fevzi Çakmak","qid":"Q328331","title":"Prime minister","office":null,"quote":"Fevzi Çakmak, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Rauf Orbay","person":"Rauf Orbay","qid":"Q282179","title":"Prime minister","office":null,"quote":"Rauf Orbay, Prime minister (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Abu Dhabi","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Emirate of Abu Dhabi","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan","person":"Hamdan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan","qid":"Q60786126","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler (1912–1922)"},{"name":"Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan","person":"Sultan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan","qid":"Q6409495","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler (1922–1926)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Dubai","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Emirate of Dubai","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum","person":"Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum","qid":"Q713801","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum, ruler (1912–1958)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Sharjah","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Emirate of Sharjah","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi","person":"Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi","qid":"Q57164122","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi, ruler (1914–1924)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Ajman","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Emirate of Ajman","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Humaid bin Abdulaziz Al Nuaimi","person":"Humaid bin Abdulaziz Al Nuaimi","qid":"Q57729213","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Humaid bin Abdulaziz Al Nuaimi, ruler (1910–1928)"}]},{"state":"Umm Al Quwain","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Umm Al Quwain","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla","person":"Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla","qid":"Q57584838","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla, ruler (1904–1922)"},{"name":"Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II","person":"Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II","qid":"Q57418911","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II, ruler (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Fujairah","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Emirate of Fujairah","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi","person":"Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi","qid":"Q60785964","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi, ruler (1879–1936)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi","person":"Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi","qid":"Q60785796","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi, ruler (1921–1948)"}]},{"state":"North Yemen: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen","region":"Asia","country":"Yemen","wikipedia":"Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din","person":"Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din","qid":"Q163945","title":"King","office":"Kings","quote":"Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King (1918–1948)"}]},{"state":"Principality of Albania","region":"Europe","country":"Albania","wikipedia":"Principality of Albania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Wilhelm","person":"Wilhelm, Prince of Albania","qid":"Q57594","title":"Prince in exile","office":"President","quote":"Wilhelm, Prince (1914), Prince in exile (1914–1925)"},{"name":"Xhafer Bej Ypi","person":"Xhafer Bej Ypi","qid":"Q520071","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Xhafer Bej Ypi, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Ahmet Zogu","person":"Zog of Albania","qid":"Q60699","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ahmet Zogu, Prime Minister (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Bulgaria","region":"Europe","country":"Bulgaria","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Bulgaria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Boris III","person":"Boris III of Bulgaria","qid":"Q159585","title":"Tsar","office":"Tsars","quote":"Boris III, Tsar (1918–1943)"},{"name":"Aleksandar Stamboliyski","person":"Aleksandar Stamboliyski","qid":"Q313535","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Prime minister (1919–1923)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Greece","region":"Europe","country":"Greece","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Greece","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Constantine I","person":"Constantine I of Greece","qid":"Q152099","title":"King","office":"Monarchy","quote":"Constantine I, King (1920–1922)"},{"name":"George II","person":"George II of Greece","qid":"Q152935","title":"King","office":"Monarchy","quote":"George II, King (1922–1924)"},{"name":"Dimitrios Gounaris","person":"Dimitrios Gounaris","qid":"Q209529","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Nikolaos Stratos","person":"Nikolaos Stratos","qid":"Q375380","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Nikolaos Stratos, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Petros Protopapadakis","person":"Petros Protopapadakis","qid":"Q528482","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Petros Protopapadakis, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Nikolaos Triantafyllakos","person":"Nikolaos Triantafyllakos","qid":"Q728466","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Nikolaos Triantafyllakos, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Anastasios Charalambis","person":"Anastasios Charalambis","qid":"Q486796","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Anastasios Charalambis, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Sotirios Krokidas","person":"Sotirios Krokidas","qid":"Q1243870","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Sotirios Krokidas, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Stylianos Gonatas","person":"Stylianos Gonatas","qid":"Q708293","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Stylianos Gonatas, Prime minister (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Serbia / Yugoslavia: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia","region":"Europe","country":"Yugoslavia","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Serbia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Alexander of Yugoslavia","person":"Alexander I of Yugoslavia","qid":"Q207384","title":"King","office":"Monarchs (Serbia / Yugoslavia)","quote":"Alexander of Yugoslavia, Prince Regent (1918–1921), King (1921–1934)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Montenegro","region":"Europe","country":"Yugoslavia","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Montenegro","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Milutin Vučinić","person":"Milutin Vučinić","qid":"Q6861617","title":"President in-exile","office":"Presidents of the ministerial council","quote":"Milutin Vučinić, President in-exile (1922)"},{"name":"Anto Gvozdenović","person":"Anto Gvozdenović","qid":"Q368748","title":"President in-exile","office":"Presidents of the ministerial council","quote":"Anto Gvozdenović, President in-exile (1922)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Estonia","region":"Europe","country":"Estonia","wikipedia":"Estonia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Konstantin Päts","person":"Konstantin Päts","qid":"Q299114","title":"State Elder","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Konstantin Päts, State Elder (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Juhan Kukk","person":"Juhan Kukk","qid":"Q887260","title":"State Elder","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Juhan Kukk, State Elder (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Latvia","region":"Europe","country":"Latvia","wikipedia":"Latvia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jānis Čakste","person":"Jānis Čakste","qid":"Q379554","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Jānis Čakste, Acting President (1918–1922), President (1922–1927)"},{"name":"Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics","person":"Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics","qid":"Q199410","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, Prime minister (1921–1923)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Lithuania","region":"Europe","country":"Lithuania","wikipedia":"Lithuania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Aleksandras Stulginskis","person":"Aleksandras Stulginskis","qid":"Q380985","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Aleksandras Stulginskis, President (1920–1926)"},{"name":"Kazys Grinius","person":"Kazys Grinius","qid":"Q356670","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kazys Grinius, Prime minister (1920–1922)"},{"name":"Ernestas Galvanauskas","person":"Ernestas Galvanauskas","qid":"Q1356637","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ernestas Galvanauskas, Prime minister (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Irish Free State","region":"Europe","country":"Ireland","wikipedia":"Irish Free State","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George V","person":"George V","qid":"Q269412","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George V, King (1922–1936)"},{"name":"W. T. Cosgrave","person":"W. T. Cosgrave","qid":"Q465770","title":"President of the Executive Council","office":"Presidents of the Executive Council","quote":"W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council (1922–1932)"}]},{"state":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","region":"Europe","country":"United Kingdom","wikipedia":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","key":"United Kingdom","holders":[{"name":"George V","person":"George V","qid":"Q269412","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George V, King (1910–1936)"},{"name":"David Lloyd George","person":"David Lloyd George","qid":"Q134982","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"David Lloyd George, Prime minister (1916–1922)"},{"name":"Bonar Law","person":"Bonar Law","qid":"Q166663","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Bonar Law, Prime minister (1922)"}]},{"state":"First Austrian Republic/ Federal State of Austria","region":"Europe","country":"Austria","wikipedia":"First Austrian Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Michael Hainisch","person":"Michael Hainisch","qid":"Q84475","title":"President","office":"Federal Presidents","quote":"Michael Hainisch, President (1920–1928)"},{"name":"Johann Schober","person":"Johann Schober","qid":"Q78557","title":"Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Johann Schober, Chancellor (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Johann Schober","person":"Johann Schober","qid":"Q78557","title":"Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Johann Schober, Chancellor (1922)"},{"name":"Ignaz Seipel","person":"Ignaz Seipel","qid":"Q78720","title":"Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Ignaz Seipel, Chancellor (1922–1924)"},{"name":"Walter Breisky","person":"Walter Breisky","qid":"Q15944","title":"Acting Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Walter Breisky, Acting Chancellor (1922)"}]},{"state":"Czechoslovakia: First Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Czechoslovakia","wikipedia":"Czechoslovakia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk","person":"Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk","qid":"Q78492","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President (1918–1935)"},{"name":"Edvard Beneš","person":"Edvard Beneš","qid":"Q152274","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Edvard Beneš, Prime Minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Antonín Švehla","person":"Antonín Švehla","qid":"Q164312","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Antonín Švehla, Prime Minister (1922–1926)"}]},{"state":"Weimar Republic of Germany","region":"Europe","country":"Germany","wikipedia":"Weimar Republic","key":"Germany","holders":[{"name":"Friedrich Ebert","person":"Friedrich Ebert","qid":"Q2646","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Friedrich Ebert, President (1919–1925)"},{"name":"Joseph Wirth","person":"Joseph Wirth","qid":"Q60150","title":"Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Joseph Wirth, Chancellor (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Wilhelm Cuno","person":"Wilhelm Cuno","qid":"Q77179","title":"Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)","region":"Europe","country":"Hungary","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Miklós Horthy","person":"Miklós Horthy","qid":"Q117144","title":"Regent","office":"Regents","quote":"Miklós Horthy, Regent (1920–1944)"},{"name":"István Bethlen","person":"István Bethlen","qid":"Q529130","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"István Bethlen, Prime minister (1921–1931)"}]},{"state":"Liechtenstein","region":"Europe","country":"Liechtenstein","wikipedia":"Liechtenstein","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Johann II","person":"Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein","qid":"Q317016","title":"Prince","office":"Sovereign Princes","quote":"Johann II, Prince (1858–1929)"},{"name":"Josef Ospelt","person":"Josef Ospelt","qid":"Q345148","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Josef Ospelt, Governor (1921), Prime Minister (1922)"},{"name":"Gustav Schädler","person":"Gustav Schädler","qid":"Q345161","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Gustav Schädler, Prime Minister (1922–1928)"},{"name":"Alfons Feger","person":"Alfons Feger","qid":"Q12358844","title":"acting Prime Minister","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Alfons Feger, acting Prime Minister (1922)"}]},{"state":"Second Polish Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Poland","wikipedia":"Second Polish Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Józef Piłsudski","person":"Józef Piłsudski","qid":"Q885","title":"Chief of State","office":"Presidents","quote":"Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State (1918–1922)"},{"name":"Gabriel Narutowicz","person":"Gabriel Narutowicz","qid":"Q55836","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Gabriel Narutowicz, President (1922)"},{"name":"Stanisław Wojciechowski","person":"Stanisław Wojciechowski","qid":"Q55844","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Stanisław Wojciechowski, President (1922–1926)"},{"name":"Maciej Rataj","person":"Maciej Rataj","qid":"Q246296","title":"Acting President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Maciej Rataj, Acting President (1922)"},{"name":"Antoni Ponikowski","person":"Antoni Ponikowski","qid":"Q597958","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Antoni Ponikowski, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Artur Śliwiński","person":"Artur Śliwiński","qid":"Q715049","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Artur Śliwiński, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Julian Nowak","person":"Julian Nowak","qid":"Q82280","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Julian Nowak, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Władysław Sikorski","person":"Władysław Sikorski","qid":"Q153132","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Władysław Sikorski, Prime minister (1922–1923)"}]},{"state":"Switzerland","region":"Europe","country":"Switzerland","wikipedia":"Switzerland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Robert Haab","person":"Robert Haab","qid":"Q118229","title":"President of the Confederation","office":null,"quote":"Robert Haab, President of the Confederation (1922)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Romania","region":"Europe","country":"Romania","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Romania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ferdinand I","person":"Ferdinand I of Romania","qid":"Q57165","title":"King","office":"Kings","quote":"Ferdinand I, King (1914–1927)"},{"name":"Ion I. C. Brătianu","person":"Ion I. C. Brătianu","qid":"Q462175","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ion I. C. Brătianu, Prime minister (1922–1926)"}]},{"state":"Soviet Union","region":"Europe","country":"Russia","wikipedia":"Soviet Union","key":"Russia","holders":[{"name":"Joseph Stalin","person":"Joseph Stalin","qid":"Q855","title":"General Secretary","office":"General Secretary","quote":"Joseph Stalin, General Secretary (1922–1952)"},{"name":"Mikhail Kalinin","person":"Mikhail Kalinin","qid":"Q229828","title":"Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets (1922–1938), Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1938–1946)"},{"name":"Vladimir Lenin","person":"Vladimir Lenin","qid":"Q1394","title":"Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars","office":"Heads of governments","quote":"Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Denmark","region":"Europe","country":"Denmark","wikipedia":"Denmark","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Christian X","person":"Christian X of Denmark","qid":"Q156617","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Christian X, King (1912–1947)"},{"name":"Niels Neergaard","person":"Niels Neergaard","qid":"Q1375094","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Niels Neergaard, Prime minister (1920–1924)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Finland","region":"Europe","country":"Finland","wikipedia":"Finland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg","person":"Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg","qid":"Q214029","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President (1919–1925)"},{"name":"Juho Vennola","person":"Juho Vennola","qid":"Q471237","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Juho Vennola, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Aimo Cajander","person":"Aimo Cajander","qid":"Q319444","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Aimo Cajander, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Kyösti Kallio","person":"Kyösti Kallio","qid":"Q209441","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kyösti Kallio, Prime minister (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Iceland","region":"Europe","country":"Iceland","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Iceland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Christian X","person":"Christian X of Denmark","qid":"Q156617","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Christian X, King (1918–1944)"},{"name":"Jón Magnússon","person":"Jón Magnússon (politician)","qid":"Q1364602","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Jón Magnússon, Prime minister (1917–1922)"},{"name":"Sigurður Eggerz","person":"Sigurður Eggerz","qid":"Q1365049","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Sigurður Eggerz, Prime minister (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Norway","region":"Europe","country":"Norway","wikipedia":"Norway","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Haakon VII","person":"Haakon VII of Norway","qid":"Q154927","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Haakon VII, King (1905–1957)"},{"name":"Otto Blehr","person":"Otto Blehr","qid":"Q560571","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Otto Blehr, Prime minister (1921–1923)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Sweden","region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","wikipedia":"Sweden","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Gustaf V","person":"Gustaf V of Sweden","qid":"Q52890","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Gustaf V, King (1907–1950)"},{"name":"Hjalmar Branting","person":"Hjalmar Branting","qid":"Q53620","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Hjalmar Branting, Prime minister (1921–1923)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Italy","region":"Europe","country":"Italy","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Italy","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Victor Emmanuel III","person":"Victor Emmanuel III of Italy","qid":"Q150642","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Victor Emmanuel III, King (1900–1946)"},{"name":"Ivanoe Bonomi","person":"Ivanoe Bonomi","qid":"Q313717","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ivanoe Bonomi, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Luigi Facta","person":"Luigi Facta","qid":"Q431330","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Luigi Facta, Prime minister (1922)"},{"name":"Benito Mussolini","person":"Benito Mussolini","qid":"Q23559","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Benito Mussolini, Prime minister (1922–1943)"}]},{"state":"Fascist Italy (1922–1943)","region":"Europe","country":"Italy","wikipedia":"Fascist Italy (1922–1943)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Victor Emmanuel III","person":"Victor Emmanuel III","qid":"Q150642","title":"King","office":"King","quote":"Victor Emmanuel III, King (1900–1946)"},{"name":"Benito Mussolini","person":"Benito Mussolini","qid":"Q23559","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister (1922–1943)"}]},{"state":"Andorra","region":"Europe","country":"Andorra","wikipedia":"Andorra","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Justí Guitart i Vilardebó","person":"Justí Guitart i Vilardebó","qid":"Q2402274","title":"Episcopal Co-Prince","office":"Episcopal Co-Princes","quote":"Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince (1920–1940)"},{"name":"Alexandre Millerand","person":"Alexandre Millerand","qid":"Q274540","title":"French Co-Prince","office":"French Co-Princes","quote":"Alexandre Millerand, French Co-Prince (1920–1924)"}]},{"state":"First Portuguese Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Portugal","wikipedia":"First Portuguese Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"António José de Almeida","person":"António José de Almeida","qid":"Q551542","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"António José de Almeida, President (1919–1923)"}]},{"state":"Bourbon Restoration of Spain","region":"Europe","country":"Spain","wikipedia":"Restoration (Spain)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Alfonso XIII","person":"Alfonso XIII of Spain","qid":"Q18363","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Alfonso XIII, King (1886–1931)"},{"name":"Antonio Maura","person":"Antonio Maura","qid":"Q562489","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Antonio Maura, Prime minister (1921–1922)"},{"name":"José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez","person":"José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez","qid":"Q674177","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez, Prime minister (1922)"}]},{"state":"Belgium","region":"Europe","country":"Belgium","wikipedia":"Belgium","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Albert I","person":"Albert I of Belgium","qid":"Q55008046","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Albert I, King (1909–1934)"},{"name":"Georges Theunis","person":"Georges Theunis","qid":"Q14991","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Georges Theunis, Prime minister (1921–1925)"}]},{"state":"French Third Republic","region":"Europe","country":"France","wikipedia":"French Third Republic","key":"France","holders":[{"name":"Alexandre Millerand","person":"Alexandre Millerand","qid":"Q274540","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Alexandre Millerand, President (1920–1924)"},{"name":"Aristide Briand","person":"Aristide Briand","qid":"Q179888","title":"President of the Council of ministers","office":"President of the Council of ministers","quote":"Aristide Briand, President of the Council of ministers (1921–1922)"},{"name":"Raymond Poincaré","person":"Raymond Poincaré","qid":"Q191974","title":"President of the Council of ministers","office":"President of the Council of ministers","quote":"Raymond Poincaré, President of the Council of ministers (1922–1924)"}]},{"state":"Grand Duchy of Luxembourg","region":"Europe","country":"Luxembourg","wikipedia":"Luxembourg","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Charlotte","person":"Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg","qid":"Q155608","title":"Grand Duchess","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Charlotte, Grand Duchess (1919–1964)"},{"name":"Émile Reuter","person":"Émile Reuter","qid":"Q286417","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Émile Reuter, Prime minister (1918–1925)"}]},{"state":"Monaco","region":"Europe","country":"Monaco","wikipedia":"Monaco","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Albert I","person":"Albert I, Prince of Monaco","qid":"Q159646","title":"Prince","office":"Sovereign Prince","quote":"Albert I, Prince (1889–1922)"},{"name":"Louis II","person":"Louis II, Prince of Monaco","qid":"Q316543","title":"Prince","office":"Sovereign Prince","quote":"Louis II, Prince (1922–1949)"},{"name":"Raymond Le Bourdon","person":"Raymond Le Bourdon","qid":"Q7298954","title":"Minister of state","office":"Minister of State","quote":"Raymond Le Bourdon, Minister of state (1919–1923)"}]},{"state":"Netherlands","region":"Europe","country":"Netherlands","wikipedia":"Netherlands","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Wilhelmina","person":"Wilhelmina of the Netherlands","qid":"Q150747","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Wilhelmina, Queen (1890–1948)"},{"name":"Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck","person":"Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck","qid":"Q983186","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers of the Netherlands","quote":"Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Prime minister (1918–1925)"}]},{"state":"Australia","region":"Oceania","country":"Australia","wikipedia":"Australia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George V","person":"George V","qid":"Q269412","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George V, King (1910–1936)"},{"name":"Billy Hughes","person":"Billy Hughes","qid":"Q152666","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Billy Hughes, Prime minister (1916–1923)"}]},{"state":"Kings of Uvea (Wallis)","region":"Oceania","country":"French Polynesia","wikipedia":"List of kings of Uvea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Vitolo Kulihaapai","person":"Vitolo Kulihaapai","qid":"Q7937187","title":"King","office":null,"quote":"Vitolo Kulihaapai, King (1918–1924)"}]},{"state":"Dominion of New Zealand","region":"Oceania","country":"New Zealand","wikipedia":"Dominion of New Zealand","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George V","person":"George V","qid":"Q269412","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"George V, King (1910–1936)"},{"name":"William Massey","person":"William Massey","qid":"Q923806","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"William Massey, Prime minister (1912–1925)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)","region":"Oceania","country":"Tonga","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Sālote Tupou III","person":"Sālote Tupou III","qid":"Q541570","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Sālote Tupou III, King (1918–1965)"}]}],"source":{"name":"Wikipedia","title":"List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)","revid":1377869146,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1377869146","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","retrieved":"2026-10-22"},"checked":"Each holder is quoted from the list and kept for this year only where the person's own Wikidata record holds the same post over the same term, to within a year."},"births":[{"text":"July 2 – Pierre Cardin, Italian-born French fashion designer (d. 2020)","person":"Pierre Cardin","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"July 19 – George McGovern, American politician, historian and author (d. 2012)","person":"George McGovern","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"October 31 – Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (d. 2012)","person":"Norodom Sihanouk","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"March 12 – Jack Kerouac, American author (d. 1969)","person":"March 12","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"29 September – Karl-Heinz Köpcke, German news speaker (died 1991)","person":"29 September","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323582196#Births","title":"1922 in Germany","revid":1323582196}},{"text":"March 24 – Miguel Gustavo, Brazilian journalist and songwriter (d. 1972)","person":"March 24","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"24 March – Arthur \"Waring\" Bowen, solicitor and charity worker","person":"24 March","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361794414#Births","title":"1922 in Wales","revid":1361794414}},{"text":"6 January – Hugo Broch, German pilot","person":"6 January","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323582196#Births","title":"1922 in Germany","revid":1323582196}},{"text":"March 9 – Count Flemming of Rosenborg (d. 2002)","person":"March 9","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"4 June – Terry de Valera, youngest son of Éamon de Valera and Sinéad de Valera, solicitor, Taxing Master of Supreme Court until 1992 (died 2007).","person":"Éamon de Valera","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363471441#Births","title":"1922 in Ireland","revid":1363471441}},{"text":"December 28 – Stan Lee, American comics creator (d. 2018)","person":"Stan Lee","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"November 22 – Aksel Jacobsen Bogdanoff, Norwegian communist (d. 1971)","person":"November 22","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"January 4 – Karl-Erik Nilsson, Swedish wrestler (d. 2017)","person":"January 4","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"March 16 – Harding Lemay, American television scriptwriter, playwright (d. 2018)","person":"March 16","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#Births","title":"1922","revid":1369983934}},{"text":"June 10 – Judy Garland, singer and movie actress (d. 1969 in the United Kingdom)","person":"Judy Garland","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361490044#Births","title":"1922 in the United States","revid":1361490044}}]}