{"year":1990,"population":{"value":5327803106,"source":{"name":"Population (HYDE 3.3; Gapminder; UN World Population Prospects)","publisher":"Our World in Data","url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population","license":"CC BY 4.0"}},"prices":{"cpi":130.6583,"cpi_now":336.94,"cpi_now_date":"2026-09-01","dollar_today":2.5788,"cpi_source":{"series":"CPIAUCNS","name":"Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCNS","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"},"items":[{"id":"gas","label":"Gallon of regular gasoline","unit":"gallon","then":1.1643,"then_in_today_dollars":3.0025,"now":4.482,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU000074714","name":"Average Price: Gasoline, Unleaded Regular (Cost per Gallon/3.785 Liters)","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU000074714","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"eggs","label":"Dozen large eggs","unit":"dozen","then":1.0139,"then_in_today_dollars":2.6146,"now":2.272,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU0000708111","name":"Average Price: Eggs, Grade A, Large (Cost per Dozen)","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000708111","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"bread","label":"Pound of white bread","unit":"pound","then":0.6946,"then_in_today_dollars":1.7912,"now":1.83,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU0000702111","name":"Average Price: Bread, White, Pan (Cost per Pound/453.6 Grams)","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000702111","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"beef","label":"Pound of ground beef","unit":"pound","then":1.5873,"then_in_today_dollars":4.0933,"now":6.792,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU0000703112","name":"Average Price: Ground Beef, 100% Beef (Cost per Pound/453.6 Grams)","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000703112","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"coffee","label":"Pound of ground coffee","unit":"pound","then":2.9663,"then_in_today_dollars":7.6495,"now":9.332,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU0000717311","name":"Average Price: Coffee, 100%, Ground Roast, All Sizes (Cost per Pound/453.6 Grams)","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000717311","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"bananas","label":"Pound of bananas","unit":"pound","then":0.4633,"then_in_today_dollars":1.1948,"now":0.656,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU0000711211","name":"Average Price: Bananas (Cost per Pound/453.6 Grams)","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000711211","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"electricity","label":"Kilowatt-hour of electricity","unit":"kWh","then":0.0837,"then_in_today_dollars":0.2158,"now":0.196,"now_date":"2026-09-01","source":{"series":"APU000072610","name":"Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU000072610","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"house","label":"Median price of a new house sold","unit":"house","then":122300.0,"then_in_today_dollars":315385.7199,"now":410700.0,"now_date":"2026-04-01","source":{"series":"MSPUS","name":"Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MSPUS","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"income","label":"Median household income","unit":"year","then":29940.0,"then_in_today_dollars":77208.8999,"now":87460.0,"now_date":"2025-01-01","source":{"series":"MEHOINUSA646N","name":"Median Household Income in the United States (current dollars)","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSA646N","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}},{"id":"minwage","label":"Federal minimum wage","unit":"hour","then":3.35,"then_in_today_dollars":8.6389,"now":7.25,"now_date":"2026-01-01","source":{"series":"STTMINWGFG","name":"Federal Minimum Hourly Wage for Nonfarm Workers for the United States","publisher":"U.S. Department of Labor","url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/STTMINWGFG","license":"Public domain (U.S. government work)"}}]},"leaders":{"states":[{"state":"People's Republic of Angola","region":"Africa","country":"Angola","wikipedia":"People's Republic of Angola","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"José Eduardo dos Santos","person":"José Eduardo dos Santos","qid":"Q57313","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–2017)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Cameroon","region":"Africa","country":"Cameroon","wikipedia":"Cameroon","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Paul Biya","person":"Paul Biya","qid":"Q57272","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Paul Biya, President (1982–present)"}]},{"state":"Central African Republic","region":"Africa","country":"Central African Republic","wikipedia":"Central African Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"André Kolingba","person":"André Kolingba","qid":"Q310883","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"André Kolingba, President (1981–1993)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Chad","region":"Africa","country":"Chad","wikipedia":"Chad","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hissène Habré","person":"Hissène Habré","qid":"Q310886","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Hissène Habré, President (1982–1990)"},{"name":"Idriss Déby","person":"Idriss Déby","qid":"Q57350","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Idriss Déby, President (1990–2021)"}]},{"state":"Zaire","region":"Africa","country":"Congo, Democratic Republic of the","wikipedia":"Zaire","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mobutu Sese Seko","person":"Mobutu Sese Seko","qid":"Q164535","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1971–1997)"},{"name":"Léon Kengo","person":"Léon Kengo","qid":"Q747918","title":"First state commissioner","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1988–1990)"},{"name":"Lunda Bululu","person":"Lunda Bululu","qid":"Q1877390","title":"Prime minister","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Lunda Bululu, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"People's Republic of the Congo","region":"Africa","country":"Congo","wikipedia":"People's Republic of the Congo","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty","person":"Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty","qid":"Q2839968","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty, Prime minister (1989–1990)"}]},{"state":"Equatorial Guinea","region":"Africa","country":"Equatorial Guinea","wikipedia":"Equatorial Guinea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo","person":"Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo","qid":"Q57385","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)"},{"name":"Cristino Seriche Bioko","person":"Cristino Seriche Bioko","qid":"Q708995","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime minister (1982–1992)"}]},{"state":"Gabon","region":"Africa","country":"Gabon","wikipedia":"Gabon","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Omar Bongo","person":"Omar Bongo","qid":"Q172083","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)"},{"name":"Léon Mébiame","person":"Léon Mébiame","qid":"Q1371465","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Léon Mébiame, Prime minister (1975–1990)"},{"name":"Casimir Oyé-Mba","person":"Casimir Oyé-Mba","qid":"Q127219","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime minister (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe","region":"Africa","country":"São Tomé and Príncipe","wikipedia":"São Tomé and Príncipe","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Manuel Pinto da Costa","person":"Manuel Pinto da Costa","qid":"Q295049","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Manuel Pinto da Costa, President (1975–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Burundi","region":"Africa","country":"Burundi","wikipedia":"Burundi","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Pierre Buyoya","person":"Pierre Buyoya","qid":"Q380916","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Pierre Buyoya, President (1987–1993)"},{"name":"Adrien Sibomana","person":"Adrien Sibomana","qid":"Q377179","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Adrien Sibomana, Prime minister (1988–1993)"}]},{"state":"Union of the Comoros","region":"Africa","country":"Comoros","wikipedia":"Comoros","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Said Mohamed Djohar","person":"Said Mohamed Djohar","qid":"Q888465","title":"Acting President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Said Mohamed Djohar, Acting President (1989–1990), President (1990–1995)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Djibouti","region":"Africa","country":"Djibouti","wikipedia":"Djibouti","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hassan Gouled Aptidon","person":"Hassan Gouled Aptidon","qid":"Q297667","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President (1977–1999)"},{"name":"Barkat Gourad Hamadou","person":"Barkat Gourad Hamadou","qid":"Q727071","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)"}]},{"state":"People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia","region":"Africa","country":"Ethiopia","wikipedia":"People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mengistu Haile Mariam","person":"Mengistu Haile Mariam","qid":"Q192512","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mengistu Haile Mariam, President (1987–1991)"},{"name":"Hailu Yimenu","person":"Hailu Yimenu","qid":"Q351529","title":"Acting Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Hailu Yimenu, Acting Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"Kenya","region":"Africa","country":"Kenya","wikipedia":"Kenya","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Daniel arap Moi","person":"Daniel arap Moi","qid":"Q193492","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)"}]},{"state":"Democratic Republic of Madagascar","region":"Africa","country":"Madagascar","wikipedia":"Democratic Republic of Madagascar","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Didier Ratsiraka","person":"Didier Ratsiraka","qid":"Q315953","title":"President of Supreme Revolutionary Council","office":"Presidents","quote":"Didier Ratsiraka, President of Supreme Revolutionary Council (1975–1993)"}]},{"state":"Mauritius (Commonwealth realm)","region":"Africa","country":"Mauritius","wikipedia":"Mauritius (1968–1992)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Queen","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1968–1992)"},{"name":"Anerood Jugnauth","person":"Anerood Jugnauth","qid":"Q217566","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1982–1992)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Rwanda","region":"Africa","country":"Rwanda","wikipedia":"Rwanda","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Juvénal Habyarimana","person":"Juvénal Habyarimana","qid":"Q272580","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Juvénal Habyarimana, President (1973–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Seychelles","region":"Africa","country":"Seychelles","wikipedia":"Seychelles","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"France-Albert René","person":"France-Albert René","qid":"Q224986","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)"}]},{"state":"Somali Democratic Republic","region":"Africa","country":"Somalia","wikipedia":"Somali Democratic Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Siad Barre","person":"Siad Barre","qid":"Q209828","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Siad Barre, President (1969–1991)"},{"name":"Muhammad Ali Samatar","person":"Muhammad Ali Samatar","qid":"Q718072","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Muhammad Ali Samatar, Prime minister (1987–1990)"},{"name":"Muhammad Hawadle Madar","person":"Muhammad Hawadle Madar","qid":"Q328807","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Muhammad Hawadle Madar, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"United Republic of Tanzania","region":"Africa","country":"Tanzania","wikipedia":"Tanzania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ali Hassan Mwinyi","person":"Ali Hassan Mwinyi","qid":"Q361581","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President (1985–1995)"},{"name":"Joseph Warioba","person":"Joseph Warioba","qid":"Q574678","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Joseph Warioba, Prime minister (1985–1990)"},{"name":"John Malecela","person":"John Malecela","qid":"Q744271","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"John Malecela, Prime minister (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Uganda","region":"Africa","country":"Uganda","wikipedia":"Uganda","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Yoweri Museveni","person":"Yoweri Museveni","qid":"Q57274","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)"}]},{"state":"Libyan Arab Republic / Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","region":"Africa","country":"Libya","wikipedia":"History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Muammar Gaddafi","person":"Muammar Gaddafi","qid":"Q19878","title":"Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution","office":"Heads of state and Secretaries-General","quote":"Muammar Gaddafi, Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011)"},{"name":"Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa","person":"Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa","qid":"Q307477","title":"Secretary-General","office":"Heads of state and Secretaries-General","quote":"Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa, Secretary-General (1990–1992)"},{"name":"Abuzed Omar Dorda","person":"Abuzed Omar Dorda","qid":"Q335509","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Abuzed Omar Dorda, Prime minister (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Tunisia","region":"Africa","country":"Tunisia","wikipedia":"Tunisia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Zine El Abidine Ben Ali","person":"Zine El Abidine Ben Ali","qid":"Q204487","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)"},{"name":"Hamed Karoui","person":"Hamed Karoui","qid":"Q1381809","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Hamed Karoui, Prime minister (1989–1999)"}]},{"state":"Arab Republic of Egypt","region":"Africa","country":"Egypt","wikipedia":"Egypt","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hosni Mubarak","person":"Hosni Mubarak","qid":"Q34105","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)"},{"name":"Atef Sedky","person":"Atef Sedky","qid":"Q755840","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Atef Sedky, Prime minister (1986–1996)"}]},{"state":"Republic of the Sudan","region":"Africa","country":"Sudan","wikipedia":"Sudan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Omar al-Bashir","person":"Omar al-Bashir","qid":"Q57265","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–2019)"}]},{"state":"People's Democratic Republic of Algeria","region":"Africa","country":"Algeria","wikipedia":"Algeria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Chadli Bendjedid","person":"Chadli Bendjedid","qid":"Q314688","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Chadli Bendjedid, President (1979–1992)"},{"name":"Mouloud Hamrouche","person":"Mouloud Hamrouche","qid":"Q1371504","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate/ Kingdom of Morocco","region":"Africa","country":"Morocco","wikipedia":"Morocco","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hassan II","person":"Hassan II of Morocco","qid":"Q69103","title":"King","office":"Alaouite dynasty","quote":"Hassan II, King (1961–1999)"},{"name":"Azzeddine Laraki","person":"Azzeddine Laraki","qid":"Q710964","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Azzeddine Laraki, Prime minister (1986–1992)"}]},{"state":"Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western Sahara","region":"Africa","country":"Morocco","wikipedia":"Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mohamed Abdelaziz","person":"Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician)","qid":"Q313797","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Botswana","region":"Africa","country":"Botswana","wikipedia":"Botswana","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Quett Masire","person":"Quett Masire","qid":"Q310574","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Quett Masire, President (1980–1998)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)","region":"Africa","country":"Eswatini/ Swaziland","wikipedia":"Eswatini","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mswati III","person":"Mswati III","qid":"Q57340","title":"King","office":"Kings","quote":"Mswati III, King (1986–present)"},{"name":"Obed Dlamini","person":"Obed Dlamini","qid":"Q338072","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Obed Dlamini, Prime minister (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Lesotho","region":"Africa","country":"Lesotho","wikipedia":"Lesotho","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Moshoeshoe II","person":"Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho","qid":"Q544951","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Moshoeshoe II, Paramount Chief (1960–1966), King (1966–1990, 1995–1996)"},{"name":"Letsie III","person":"Letsie III of Lesotho","qid":"Q57537","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Malawi","region":"Africa","country":"Malawi","wikipedia":"Malawi","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hastings Banda","person":"Hastings Banda","qid":"Q184945","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Hastings Banda, President (1966–1994)"}]},{"state":"People's Republic of Mozambique","region":"Africa","country":"Mozambique","wikipedia":"People's Republic of Mozambique","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Joaquim Chissano","person":"Joaquim Chissano","qid":"Q208355","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Joaquim Chissano, President (1986–1990)"},{"name":"Mário da Graça Machungo","person":"Mário da Graça Machungo","qid":"Q1957066","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1986–1990)"}]},{"state":"Namibia","region":"Africa","country":"Namibia","wikipedia":"Namibia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Sam Nujoma","person":"Sam Nujoma","qid":"Q154104","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)"},{"name":"Hage Geingob","person":"Hage Geingob","qid":"Q1568274","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)"}]},{"state":"Republic of South Africa","region":"Africa","country":"South Africa","wikipedia":"South Africa","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"F. W. de Klerk","person":"F. W. de Klerk","qid":"Q151813","title":"State President","office":"State presidents","quote":"F. W. de Klerk, State President (1989–1994)"}]},{"state":"Ciskei","region":"Africa","country":"South Africa","wikipedia":"Ciskei","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Lennox Sebe","person":"Lennox Sebe","qid":"Q735729","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Lennox Sebe, President (1981–1990)"}]},{"state":"Transkei","region":"Africa","country":"South Africa","wikipedia":"Transkei","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Bantu Holomisa","person":"Bantu Holomisa","qid":"Q730472","title":"Head of the Military Council","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Bantu Holomisa, Head of the Military Council (1987–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Zambia","region":"Africa","country":"Zambia","wikipedia":"Zambia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Kenneth Kaunda","person":"Kenneth Kaunda","qid":"Q105480","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Kenneth Kaunda, President (1964–1991)"},{"name":"Malimba Masheke","person":"Malimba Masheke","qid":"Q1887388","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Malimba Masheke, Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Zimbabwe","region":"Africa","country":"Zimbabwe","wikipedia":"Zimbabwe","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Robert Mugabe","person":"Robert Mugabe","qid":"Q10707","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Robert Mugabe, President (1987–2017)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Benin","region":"Africa","country":"Benin","wikipedia":"Benin","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mathieu Kérékou","person":"Mathieu Kérékou","qid":"Q206719","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mathieu Kérékou, President (1990–1991)"},{"name":"Nicéphore Soglo","person":"Nicéphore Soglo","qid":"Q336218","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Nicéphore Soglo, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Burkina Faso","region":"Africa","country":"Burkina Faso","wikipedia":"Burkina Faso","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Blaise Compaoré","person":"Blaise Compaoré","qid":"Q57324","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Cape Verde","region":"Africa","country":"Cape Verde","wikipedia":"Cape Verde","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Aristides Pereira","person":"Aristides Pereira","qid":"Q298609","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Aristides Pereira, President (1975–1991)"},{"name":"Pedro Pires","person":"Pedro Pires","qid":"Q107431","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Pedro Pires, Prime minister (1975–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of the Gambia","region":"Africa","country":"Gambia","wikipedia":"The Gambia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Dawda Jawara","person":"Dawda Jawara","qid":"Q312716","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Dawda Jawara, President (1970–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Ghana","region":"Africa","country":"Ghana","wikipedia":"Ghana","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jerry Rawlings","person":"Jerry Rawlings","qid":"Q51002","title":"Military Head of State","office":null,"quote":"Jerry Rawlings, Military Head of State (1981–1993), President of the Fourth Republic (1993–2001)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Guinea","region":"Africa","country":"Guinea","wikipedia":"Guinea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Lansana Conté","person":"Lansana Conté","qid":"Q202582","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Lansana Conté, President (1984–2008)"}]},{"state":"Guinea-Bissau","region":"Africa","country":"Guinea-Bissau","wikipedia":"Guinea-Bissau","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"João Bernardo Vieira","person":"João Bernardo Vieira","qid":"Q106164","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"João Bernardo Vieira, President (1984–1999)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Ivory Coast","region":"Africa","country":"Ivory Coast","wikipedia":"Ivory Coast","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Félix Houphouët-Boigny","person":"Félix Houphouët-Boigny","qid":"Q214407","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President (1960–1993)"},{"name":"Alassane Ouattara","person":"Alassane Ouattara","qid":"Q57413","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Alassane Ouattara, Prime minister (1990–1993)"}]},{"state":"Liberia","region":"Africa","country":"Liberia","wikipedia":"Liberia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Samuel Doe","person":"Samuel Doe","qid":"Q294618","title":"president","office":null,"quote":"Samuel Doe, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (1980–1986), president (1986–1990)"},{"name":"Amos Sawyer","person":"Amos Sawyer","qid":"Q474312","title":"President of the Interim Government of National Unity","office":null,"quote":"Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Mali","region":"Africa","country":"Mali","wikipedia":"Mali","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Moussa Traoré","person":"Moussa Traoré","qid":"Q313242","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Moussa Traoré, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Liberation (1968–1969), Head of State (1969–1979), President (1979–1991)"}]},{"state":"Islamic Republic of Mauritania","region":"Africa","country":"Mauritania","wikipedia":"Mauritania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya","person":"Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya","qid":"Q313662","title":"Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1984–1992), President (1992–2005)"},{"name":"Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya","person":"Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya","qid":"Q313662","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime minister (1984–1992)"}]},{"state":"Republic of the Niger","region":"Africa","country":"Niger","wikipedia":"Niger","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Aliou Mahamidou","person":"Aliou Mahamidou","qid":"Q643476","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Aliou Mahamidou, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Federal Republic of Nigeria: Fourth Republic","region":"Africa","country":"Nigeria","wikipedia":"Nigeria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ibrahim Babangida","person":"Ibrahim Babangida","qid":"Q333415","title":"Military Head of State","office":null,"quote":"Ibrahim Babangida, Military Head of State (1985–1993)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Senegal","region":"Africa","country":"Senegal","wikipedia":"Senegal","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Abdou Diouf","person":"Abdou Diouf","qid":"Q219728","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Abdou Diouf, President (1981–2000)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Sierra Leone","region":"Africa","country":"Sierra Leone","wikipedia":"Sierra Leone","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Joseph Saidu Momoh","person":"Joseph Saidu Momoh","qid":"Q887812","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Joseph Saidu Momoh, President (1985–1992)"}]},{"state":"Togolese Republic","region":"Africa","country":"Togo","wikipedia":"Togo","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Gnassingbé Eyadéma","person":"Gnassingbé Eyadéma","qid":"Q155385","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President (1967–2005)"}]},{"state":"Antigua and Barbuda","region":"Americas","country":"Antigua and Barbuda","wikipedia":"Antigua and Barbuda","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)"},{"name":"Vere Bird","person":"Vere Bird","qid":"Q561911","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Vere Bird, Prime minister (1981–1994)"}]},{"state":"The Bahamas","region":"Americas","country":"The Bahamas","wikipedia":"Bahamas","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–2022)"},{"name":"Lynden Pindling","person":"Lynden Pindling","qid":"Q920953","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Lynden Pindling, Prime minister (1973–1992)"}]},{"state":"Barbados","region":"Americas","country":"Barbados","wikipedia":"Barbados","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–2021)"},{"name":"Lloyd Erskine Sandiford","person":"Lloyd Erskine Sandiford","qid":"Q114622","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime minister (1987–1994)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Cuba","region":"Americas","country":"Cuba","wikipedia":"Cuba","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Fidel Castro","person":"Fidel Castro","qid":"Q11256","title":"President of the Council of State","office":"Presidents","quote":"Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State (1976–2008)"},{"name":"Fidel Castro","person":"Fidel Castro","qid":"Q11256","title":"President of the Council of Ministers","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)"}]},{"state":"Dominica","region":"Americas","country":"Dominica","wikipedia":"Dominica","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Eugenia Charles","person":"Eugenia Charles","qid":"Q258685","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Eugenia Charles, Prime minister (1980–1995)"}]},{"state":"Fourth Dominican Republic","region":"Americas","country":"Dominican Republic","wikipedia":"Dominican Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Joaquín Balaguer","person":"Joaquín Balaguer","qid":"Q147989","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Joaquín Balaguer, President (1986–1996)"}]},{"state":"Grenada","region":"Americas","country":"Grenada","wikipedia":"Grenada","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–2022)"},{"name":"Ben Jones (Grenada)","person":"Ben Jones (Grenada)","qid":"Q816529","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ben Jones (Grenada), Prime minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Nicholas Brathwaite","person":"Nicholas Brathwaite","qid":"Q1984818","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime minister (1990–1995)"}]},{"state":"Third Haitian Republic","region":"Americas","country":"Haiti","wikipedia":"Haiti","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Prosper Avril","person":"Prosper Avril","qid":"Q653169","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Prosper Avril, President (1988–1990)"},{"name":"Hérard Abraham","person":"Hérard Abraham","qid":"Q887405","title":"Acting President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Hérard Abraham, Acting President (1990)"},{"name":"Ertha Pascal-Trouillot","person":"Ertha Pascal-Trouillot","qid":"Q461636","title":"Provisional President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Provisional President (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Jamaica","region":"Americas","country":"Jamaica","wikipedia":"Jamaica","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–2022)"}]},{"state":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","region":"Americas","country":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","wikipedia":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–2022)"},{"name":"Kennedy Simmonds","person":"Kennedy Simmonds","qid":"Q953225","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kennedy Simmonds, Prime minister (1983–1995)"}]},{"state":"Saint Lucia","region":"Americas","country":"Saint Lucia","wikipedia":"Saint Lucia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)"},{"name":"John Compton","person":"John Compton","qid":"Q716020","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"John Compton, Prime minister (1982–1996)"}]},{"state":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","region":"Americas","country":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","wikipedia":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)"},{"name":"James Fitz-Allen Mitchell","person":"James Fitz-Allen Mitchell","qid":"Q1281056","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime minister (1984–2000)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Trinidad and Tobago","region":"Americas","country":"Trinidad and Tobago","wikipedia":"Trinidad and Tobago","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Noor Hassanali","person":"Noor Hassanali","qid":"Q1397957","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Noor Hassanali, President (1987–1997)"},{"name":"A. N. R. Robinson","person":"A. N. R. Robinson","qid":"Q634551","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"A. N. R. Robinson, Prime minister (1986–1991)"}]},{"state":"Belize","region":"Americas","country":"Belize","wikipedia":"Belize","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)"},{"name":"George Cadle Price","person":"George Cadle Price","qid":"Q542559","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Costa Rica","region":"Americas","country":"Costa Rica","wikipedia":"Costa Rica","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Óscar Arias","person":"Óscar Arias","qid":"Q49344","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Óscar Arias, President (1986–1990)"},{"name":"Rafael Calderón Fournier","person":"Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier","qid":"Q887712","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Rafael Calderón Fournier, President (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"El Salvador","region":"Americas","country":"El Salvador","wikipedia":"El Salvador","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Alfredo Cristiani","person":"Alfredo Cristiani","qid":"Q365374","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Alfredo Cristiani, President (1989–1994)"}]},{"state":"Guatemala","region":"Americas","country":"Guatemala","wikipedia":"Guatemala","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Vinicio Cerezo","person":"Vinicio Cerezo","qid":"Q887617","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Vinicio Cerezo, President (1986–1991)"}]},{"state":"Honduras","region":"Americas","country":"Honduras","wikipedia":"Honduras","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"José Azcona del Hoyo","person":"José Azcona del Hoyo","qid":"Q887424","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"José Azcona del Hoyo, President (1986–1990)"},{"name":"Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero","person":"Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero","qid":"Q887322","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Nicaragua","region":"Americas","country":"Nicaragua","wikipedia":"Nicaragua","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Daniel Ortega","person":"Daniel Ortega","qid":"Q57402","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Daniel Ortega, President (1985–1990)"},{"name":"Violeta Chamorro","person":"Violeta Chamorro","qid":"Q114142","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Violeta Chamorro, President (1990–1997)"}]},{"state":"Panama","region":"Americas","country":"Panama","wikipedia":"Panama","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Guillermo Endara","person":"Guillermo Endara","qid":"Q443831","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Guillermo Endara, President (1989–1994)"}]},{"state":"Canada","region":"Americas","country":"Canada","wikipedia":"Canada","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)"},{"name":"Brian Mulroney","person":"Brian Mulroney","qid":"Q128563","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Brian Mulroney, Prime minister (1984–1993)"}]},{"state":"Mexico","region":"Americas","country":"Mexico","wikipedia":"Mexico","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Carlos Salinas de Gortari","person":"Carlos Salinas de Gortari","qid":"Q315633","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President (1988–1994)"}]},{"state":"United States","region":"Americas","country":"United States","wikipedia":"United States","key":"United States","holders":[{"name":"George H. W. Bush","person":"George H. W. Bush","qid":"Q23505","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"George H. W. Bush, President (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Argentina","region":"Americas","country":"Argentina","wikipedia":"Argentina","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Carlos Menem","person":"Carlos Menem","qid":"Q185107","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Carlos Menem, President (1989–1999)"}]},{"state":"Bolivia","region":"Americas","country":"Bolivia","wikipedia":"Bolivia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jaime Paz Zamora","person":"Jaime Paz Zamora","qid":"Q555207","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Jaime Paz Zamora, President (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Federative Republic of Brazil","region":"Americas","country":"Brazil","wikipedia":"Brazil","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"José Sarney","person":"José Sarney","qid":"Q244997","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"José Sarney, President (1985–1990)"},{"name":"Fernando Collor de Mello","person":"Fernando Collor de Mello","qid":"Q236503","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Fernando Collor de Mello, President (1990–1992)"}]},{"state":"Military Dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)","region":"Americas","country":"Chile","wikipedia":"Military Dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Augusto Pinochet","person":"Augusto Pinochet","qid":"Q368","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Augusto Pinochet, President of the Junta (1974–1981), President (1974–1990)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Chile","region":"Americas","country":"Chile","wikipedia":"Chile","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Patricio Aylwin","person":"Patricio Aylwin","qid":"Q335","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Patricio Aylwin, President (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Colombia","region":"Americas","country":"Colombia","wikipedia":"Colombia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Virgilio Barco Vargas","person":"Virgilio Barco Vargas","qid":"Q540192","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Virgilio Barco Vargas, President (1986–1990)"},{"name":"César Gaviria Trujillo","person":"César Gaviria Trujillo","qid":"Q332020","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"César Gaviria Trujillo, President (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Ecuador","region":"Americas","country":"Ecuador","wikipedia":"Ecuador","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Rodrigo Borja Cevallos","person":"Rodrigo Borja Cevallos","qid":"Q743354","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President (1988–1992)"}]},{"state":"Co-operative Republic of Guyana","region":"Americas","country":"Guyana","wikipedia":"Guyana","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Desmond Hoyte","person":"Desmond Hoyte","qid":"Q887418","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Desmond Hoyte, President (1985–1992)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Peru","region":"Americas","country":"Peru","wikipedia":"Peru","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Alan García Pérez","person":"Alan García Pérez","qid":"Q167211","title":"Constitutional President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Alan García Pérez, Constitutional President (1985–1990)"},{"name":"Alberto Fujimori","person":"Alberto Fujimori","qid":"Q133040","title":"Constitutional President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Alberto Fujimori, Constitutional President (1990–1992), de facto President (1992–1995), Constitutional President (1995–2000)"},{"name":"Guillermo Larco Cox","person":"Guillermo Larco Cox","qid":"Q5616185","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Guillermo Larco Cox, Prime Minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller","person":"Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller","qid":"Q3187611","title":"Prime Minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller, Prime Minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Suriname","region":"Americas","country":"Suriname","wikipedia":"Suriname","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ramsewak Shankar","person":"Ramsewak Shankar","qid":"Q730036","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ramsewak Shankar, President (1988–1990)"},{"name":"Johan Kraag","person":"Johan Kraag","qid":"Q739964","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Johan Kraag, President (1990–1991)"},{"name":"Ivan Graanoogst","person":"Ivan Graanoogst","qid":"Q880312","title":"Acting President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ivan Graanoogst, Acting President (1990)"}]},{"state":"Oriental Republic of Uruguay","region":"Americas","country":"Uruguay","wikipedia":"Uruguay","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Julio María Sanguinetti","person":"Julio María Sanguinetti","qid":"Q311428","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1985–1990)"},{"name":"Luis Alberto Lacalle","person":"Luis Alberto Lacalle","qid":"Q336253","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Luis Alberto Lacalle, President (1990–1995)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Venezuela","region":"Americas","country":"Venezuela","wikipedia":"Republic of Venezuela","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Carlos Andrés Pérez","person":"Carlos Andrés Pérez","qid":"Q295790","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Kyrgyzstan","region":"Asia","country":"Kyrgyzstan","wikipedia":"Kyrgyzstan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Askar Akayev","person":"Askar Akayev","qid":"Q489893","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Askar Akayev, President (1990–2005)"}]},{"state":"Turkmenistan","region":"Asia","country":"Turkmenistan","wikipedia":"Turkmenistan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Saparmurat Niyazov","person":"Saparmurat Niyazov","qid":"Q82918","title":"President","office":"President","quote":"Saparmurat Niyazov, President (1990–2006)"}]},{"state":"Republic of China: Taiwan","region":"Asia","country":"Taiwan","wikipedia":"Taiwan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Lee Teng-hui","person":"Lee Teng-hui","qid":"Q315528","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Lee Teng-hui, President (1988–2000)"},{"name":"Lee Huan","person":"Lee Huan","qid":"Q259049","title":"Premier","office":"Premiers","quote":"Lee Huan, Premier (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Hau Pei-tsun","person":"Hau Pei-tsun","qid":"Q709142","title":"Premier","office":"Premiers","quote":"Hau Pei-tsun, Premier (1990–1993)"}]},{"state":"People's Republic of China","region":"Asia","country":"China","wikipedia":"China","key":"China","holders":[{"name":"Jiang Zemin","person":"Jiang Zemin","qid":"Q16597","title":"General Secretary; Paramount Leader","office":"Chairmen and General Secretaries of the Communist Party  and paramount leaders","quote":"Jiang Zemin, General Secretary (1989–2002), Paramount Leader (1989–2002)"},{"name":"Yang Shangkun","person":"Yang Shangkun","qid":"Q377935","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Yang Shangkun, President (1988–1993)"},{"name":"Li Peng","person":"Li Peng","qid":"Q18301","title":"Premier","office":"Premiers","quote":"Li Peng, Premier (1988–1998)"}]},{"state":"Japan","region":"Asia","country":"Japan","wikipedia":"Japan","key":"Japan","holders":[{"name":"Akihito","person":"Akihito","qid":"Q37979","title":"Emperor","office":"Emperors","quote":"Akihito, Emperor (1989–2019)"},{"name":"Toshiki Kaifu","person":"Toshiki Kaifu","qid":"Q315579","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Toshiki Kaifu, Prime minister (1989–1990)"}]},{"state":"North Korea","region":"Asia","country":"North Korea","wikipedia":"North Korea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Kim Il Sung","person":"Kim Il Sung","qid":"Q41117","title":"General Secretary","office":"General Secretary of the Workers' Party","quote":"Kim Il Sung, Chairman (1949–1966), General Secretary (1966–1994)"},{"name":"Kim Il Sung","person":"Kim Il Sung","qid":"Q41117","title":"President","office":"President","quote":"Kim Il Sung, President (1972–1994)"},{"name":"Yon Hyong-muk","person":"Yon Hyong-muk","qid":"Q485424","title":"Premier","office":"Premiers","quote":"Yon Hyong-muk, Premier (1989–1992)"}]},{"state":"South Korea","region":"Asia","country":"South Korea","wikipedia":"South Korea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Roh Tae-woo","person":"Roh Tae-woo","qid":"Q242651","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Roh Tae-woo, President (1988–1993)"},{"name":"Ro Jai-bong","person":"Ro Jai-bong","qid":"Q6849558","title":"Acting Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ro Jai-bong, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991), Prime minister (1991)"}]},{"state":"Mongolian People's Republic","region":"Asia","country":"Mongolian People's Republic","wikipedia":"Mongolian People's Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat","person":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat","qid":"Q887753","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, Chairman (1990–1992), President (1990–1992)"},{"name":"Dumaagiin Sodnom","person":"Dumaagiin Sodnom","qid":"Q2982132","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Dumaagiin Sodnom, Prime minister (1984–1990)"},{"name":"Dashiin Byambasüren","person":"Dashiin Byambasüren","qid":"Q1171817","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Dashiin Byambasüren, Prime minister (1990–1992)"}]},{"state":"Protectorate of Brunei / Nation of Brunei","region":"Asia","country":"Brunei","wikipedia":"Brunei#British intervention","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hassanal Bolkiah","person":"Hassanal Bolkiah","qid":"Q57327","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan (1967–present)"}]},{"state":"State of Cambodia","region":"Asia","country":"Cambodia","wikipedia":"People's Republic of Kampuchea#Transition","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hun Sen","person":"Hun Sen","qid":"Q57788","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Hun Sen, Prime minister (1989–1993), Second Prime minister (1993)"}]},{"state":"New Order, Indonesia","region":"Asia","country":"Indonesia","wikipedia":"New Order (Indonesia)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Suharto","person":"Suharto","qid":"Q44819","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Suharto, Acting President (1967–1968), President (1968–1998)"}]},{"state":"Lao People's Democratic Republic","region":"Asia","country":"Laos","wikipedia":"Laos","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Kaysone Phomvihane","person":"Kaysone Phomvihane","qid":"Q320100","title":"General Secretary","office":"General Secretaries","quote":"Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary (1955–1991), Chairman (1991–1992)"},{"name":"Souphanouvong","person":"Souphanouvong","qid":"Q320103","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Souphanouvong, President (1975–1991)"},{"name":"Phoumi Vongvichit","person":"Phoumi Vongvichit","qid":"Q878933","title":"Acting President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President (1986–1991)"},{"name":"Kaysone Phomvihane","person":"Kaysone Phomvihane","qid":"Q320100","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kaysone Phomvihane, Prime minister (1975–1991)"}]},{"state":"Malaysia","region":"Asia","country":"Malaysia","wikipedia":"Malaysia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Azlan Shah of Perak","person":"Azlan Shah of Perak","qid":"Q561319","title":"Yang di-Pertuan Agong","office":"Elected monarchs","quote":"Azlan Shah of Perak, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1989–1994)"},{"name":"Mahathir Mohamad","person":"Mahathir Mohamad","qid":"Q181383","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mahathir Mohamad, Prime minister (1981–2003)"}]},{"state":"Union of Burma/Myanmar","region":"Asia","country":"Myanmar / Burma","wikipedia":"Myanmar","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Saw Maung","person":"Saw Maung","qid":"Q740342","title":"Chairmen","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Saw Maung, Chairmen (1988–1992)"},{"name":"Saw Maung","person":"Saw Maung","qid":"Q740342","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Saw Maung, Prime minister (1988–1992)"}]},{"state":"Philippines","region":"Asia","country":"Philippines","wikipedia":"Philippines","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Corazon Aquino","person":"Corazon Aquino","qid":"Q1480","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Corazon Aquino, President (1986–1992)"}]},{"state":"Singapore","region":"Asia","country":"Singapore","wikipedia":"Singapore","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Wee Kim Wee","person":"Wee Kim Wee","qid":"Q399998","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Wee Kim Wee, President (1985–1993)"},{"name":"Lee Kuan Yew","person":"Lee Kuan Yew","qid":"Q131248","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Lee Kuan Yew, Prime minister (1959–1990)"},{"name":"Goh Chok Tong","person":"Goh Chok Tong","qid":"Q313300","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Goh Chok Tong, Prime minister (1990–2004)"}]},{"state":"Thailand","region":"Asia","country":"Thailand","wikipedia":"Thailand","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Bhumibol Adulyadej","person":"Bhumibol Adulyadej","qid":"Q855252","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Bhumibol Adulyadej, King (1946–2016)"},{"name":"Chatichai Choonhavan","person":"Chatichai Choonhavan","qid":"Q701841","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime minister (1988–1991)"}]},{"state":"Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)","region":"Asia","country":"Vietnam","wikipedia":"Vietnam","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Võ Chí Công","person":"Võ Chí Công","qid":"Q434894","title":"Chairmen of the Council of State","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Võ Chí Công, Chairmen of the Council of State (1987–1992)"},{"name":"Đỗ Mười","person":"Đỗ Mười","qid":"Q342600","title":"Chairmen of the Council of ministers","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Đỗ Mười, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1988–1991)"}]},{"state":"Democratic Republic of Afghanistan","region":"Asia","country":"Afghanistan","wikipedia":"Democratic Republic of Afghanistan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mohammad Najibullah","person":"Mohammad Najibullah","qid":"Q207728","title":"General Secretary","office":"General Secretary of the Central Committee","quote":"Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary (1986–1992)"},{"name":"Mohammad Najibullah","person":"Mohammad Najibullah","qid":"Q207728","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Mohammad Najibullah, Chairman (1987), President (1987–1992)"},{"name":"Fazal Haq Khaliqyar","person":"Fazal Haq Khaliqyar","qid":"Q1397687","title":"Prime minister","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Fazal Haq Khaliqyar, Prime minister (1990–1992)"}]},{"state":"Bangladesh","region":"Asia","country":"Bangladesh","wikipedia":"Bangladesh","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hussain Muhammad Ershad","person":"Hussain Muhammad Ershad","qid":"Q461816","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President (1983–1990)"},{"name":"Shahabuddin Ahmed","person":"Shahabuddin Ahmed","qid":"Q465481","title":"Interim President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Shahabuddin Ahmed, Interim President (1990–1991)"},{"name":"Kazi Zafar Ahmed","person":"Kazi Zafar Ahmed","qid":"Q3350628","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime minister (1989–1990)"}]},{"state":"Bhutan","region":"Asia","country":"Bhutan","wikipedia":"Bhutan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jigme Singye Wangchuck","person":"Jigme Singye Wangchuck","qid":"Q200273","title":"Druk Gyalpo","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1972–2006)"}]},{"state":"Republic of India","region":"Asia","country":"India","wikipedia":"India","key":"India","holders":[{"name":"R. Venkataraman","person":"R. Venkataraman","qid":"Q297950","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"R. Venkataraman, President (1987–1992)"},{"name":"V. P. Singh","person":"V. P. Singh","qid":"Q315338","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"V. P. Singh, Prime minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Chandra Shekhar","person":"Chandra Shekhar","qid":"Q334279","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Chandra Shekhar, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Second Republic of Maldives","region":"Asia","country":"Maldives","wikipedia":"Maldives","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Maumoon Abdul Gayoom","person":"Maumoon Abdul Gayoom","qid":"Q297957","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President (1978–2008)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Nepal","region":"Asia","country":"Nepal","wikipedia":"Kingdom of Nepal","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Birendra","person":"Birendra of Nepal","qid":"Q162306","title":"King","office":"Kings","quote":"Birendra, King (1972–2001)"},{"name":"Lokendra Bahadur Chand","person":"Lokendra Bahadur Chand","qid":"Q2628548","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1990)"},{"name":"Krishna Prasad Bhattarai","person":"Krishna Prasad Bhattarai","qid":"Q380145","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Islamic Republic of Pakistan","region":"Asia","country":"Pakistan","wikipedia":"Pakistan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan","person":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan","qid":"Q314776","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President (1988–1993)"},{"name":"Benazir Bhutto","person":"Benazir Bhutto","qid":"Q34413","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Benazir Bhutto, Prime minister (1988–1990)"},{"name":"Nawaz Sharif","person":"Nawaz Sharif","qid":"Q134068","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1990–1993)"},{"name":"Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi","person":"Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi","qid":"Q2039548","title":"Acting Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Acting Prime minister (1990)"}]},{"state":"Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka","region":"Asia","country":"Sri Lanka","wikipedia":"Sri Lanka","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ranasinghe Premadasa","person":"Ranasinghe Premadasa","qid":"Q472323","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ranasinghe Premadasa, President (1989–1993)"},{"name":"Dingiri Banda Wijetunga","person":"Dingiri Banda Wijetunga","qid":"Q469036","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Prime minister (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Hakims of Bahrain/ State of Bahrain","region":"Asia","country":"Bahrain","wikipedia":"History of Bahrain (1783–1971)","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa","person":"Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa","qid":"Q309650","title":"Emir","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Hakim (1961–1971), Emir (1971–1999)"},{"name":"Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa","person":"Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa","qid":"Q57726","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime minister (1971–2020)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Cyprus","region":"Asia","country":"Cyprus","wikipedia":"Cyprus","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"George Vasiliou","person":"George Vasiliou","qid":"Q39180","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"George Vasiliou, President (1988–1993)"}]},{"state":"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus","region":"Asia","country":"Cyprus","wikipedia":"Northern Cyprus","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Rauf Denktaş","person":"Rauf Denktaş","qid":"Q200436","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Rauf Denktaş, President (1983–2005)"}]},{"state":"Islamic Republic of Iran","region":"Asia","country":"Iran","wikipedia":"Iran","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ali Khamenei","person":"Ali Khamenei","qid":"Q57336","title":"Supreme Leader","office":"Supreme Leaders","quote":"Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader (1989–2026)"},{"name":"Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani","person":"Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani","qid":"Q186111","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President (1989–1997)"}]},{"state":"Ba'athist Iraq","region":"Asia","country":"Iraq","wikipedia":"Ba'athist Iraq","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Saddam Hussein","person":"Saddam Hussein","qid":"Q1316","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Saddam Hussein, President (1979–2003)"},{"name":"Saddam Hussein","person":"Saddam Hussein","qid":"Q1316","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1979–1991)"}]},{"state":"Israel","region":"Asia","country":"Israel","wikipedia":"Israel","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Chaim Herzog","person":"Chaim Herzog","qid":"Q295141","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Chaim Herzog, President (1983–1993)"},{"name":"Yitzhak Shamir","person":"Yitzhak Shamir","qid":"Q184351","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Yitzhak Shamir, Prime minister (1986–1992)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Jordan","region":"Asia","country":"Jordan","wikipedia":"Jordan","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hussein","person":"Hussein of Jordan","qid":"Q146906","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Hussein, King (1952–1999)"},{"name":"Mudar Badran","person":"Mudar Badran","qid":"Q696952","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"State of Kuwait","region":"Asia","country":"Kuwait","wikipedia":"Kuwait","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jaber III","person":"Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah","qid":"Q217194","title":"Emir","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Jaber III, Emir (1977–2006)"},{"name":"Saad Al-Abdullah","person":"Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah","qid":"Q313661","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Saad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (1978–2003)"}]},{"state":"Lebanon","region":"Asia","country":"Lebanon","wikipedia":"Lebanon","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Michel Aoun","person":"Michel Aoun","qid":"Q363392","title":"Acting President, Disputed","office":"Presidents","quote":"Michel Aoun, Acting President, Disputed (1988–1990)"},{"name":"Elias Hrawi","person":"Elias Hrawi","qid":"Q118272","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Elias Hrawi, President (1989–1998)"},{"name":"Selim Hoss","person":"Selim Hoss","qid":"Q2094707","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1987–1990)"},{"name":"Omar Karami","person":"Omar Karami","qid":"Q396606","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Omar Karami, Prime minister (1990–1992)"},{"name":"Michel Aoun","person":"Michel Aoun","qid":"Q363392","title":"Disputed Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Michel Aoun, Disputed Prime minister (1988–1990)"}]},{"state":"Sultanate of Oman: Al Busaidi dynasty","region":"Asia","country":"Oman","wikipedia":"Oman","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Qaboos bin Said","person":"Qaboos bin Said","qid":"Q57331","title":"Sultan","office":null,"quote":"Qaboos bin Said, Sultan (1970–2020)"}]},{"state":"Qatar","region":"Asia","country":"Qatar","wikipedia":"Qatar","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani","person":"Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani","qid":"Q2072385","title":"Emir","office":"Emirs","quote":"Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir (1972–1995)"},{"name":"Khalifa bin Hamad","person":"Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani","qid":"Q2072385","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Khalifa bin Hamad, Prime minister (1970–1995)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","region":"Asia","country":"Saudi Arabia","wikipedia":"Saudi Arabia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Fahd","person":"Fahd of Saudi Arabia","qid":"Q183187","title":"King","office":null,"quote":"Fahd, King (1982–2005)"}]},{"state":"Syrian Arab Republic","region":"Asia","country":"Syria","wikipedia":"Ba'athist Syria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hafez al-Assad","person":"Hafez al-Assad","qid":"Q118725","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Hafez al-Assad, President (1971–2000)"},{"name":"Mahmoud Zuabi","person":"Mahmoud Zuabi","qid":"Q1884964","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime minister (1987–2000)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Turkey","region":"Asia","country":"Turkey","wikipedia":"Turkey","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Turgut Özal","person":"Turgut Özal","qid":"Q180280","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Turgut Özal, President (1989–1993)"},{"name":"Yıldırım Akbulut","person":"Yıldırım Akbulut","qid":"Q558287","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Yıldırım Akbulut, Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah","region":"Asia","country":"United Arab Emirates","wikipedia":"Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi","person":"Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi","qid":"Q1380993","title":"ruler","office":null,"quote":"Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, ruler (1948–2010)"}]},{"state":"United Arab Emirates","region":"Asia","country":"United Arab Emirates","wikipedia":"United Arab Emirates","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan","person":"Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan","qid":"Q167846","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President (1971–2004)"},{"name":"Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum","person":"Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum","qid":"Q733312","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1979–1990)"},{"name":"Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum","person":"Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum","qid":"Q215477","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1990–2006)"}]},{"state":"North Yemen: Yemen Arab Republic","region":"Asia","country":"Yemen","wikipedia":"Yemen Arab Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ali Abdullah Saleh","person":"Ali Abdullah Saleh","qid":"Q483672","title":"President","office":"Heads of State","quote":"Ali Abdullah Saleh, President (1978–1990)"}]},{"state":"South Yemen: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen","region":"Asia","country":"Yemen","wikipedia":"South Yemen","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ali Salem al-Beidh","person":"Ali Salem al-Beidh","qid":"Q2555542","title":"President","office":"General Secretary","quote":"Ali Salem al-Beidh, President (1986–1990)"},{"name":"Yasin Said Numan","person":"Yasin Said Numan","qid":"Q4119927","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Yasin Said Numan, Prime minister (1986–1990)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Yemen","region":"Asia","country":"Yemen","wikipedia":"Yemen","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas","person":"Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas","qid":"Q1322893","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime minister (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"People's Socialist Republic of Albania","region":"Europe","country":"Albania","wikipedia":"People's Socialist Republic of Albania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ramiz Alia","person":"Ramiz Alia","qid":"Q156833","title":"First Secretary","office":"First Secretaries","quote":"Ramiz Alia, First Secretary (1985–1991)"},{"name":"Ramiz Alia","person":"Ramiz Alia","qid":"Q156833","title":"Chairman","office":"Chairman","quote":"Ramiz Alia, Chairman (1982–1991)"},{"name":"Adil Çarçani","person":"Adil Çarçani","qid":"Q357219","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Adil Çarçani, Prime minister (1981–1991)"}]},{"state":"People's Republic of Bulgaria","region":"Europe","country":"Bulgaria","wikipedia":"People's Republic of Bulgaria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Petar Mladenov","person":"Petar Mladenov","qid":"Q81144","title":"General Secretary","office":"General Secretary","quote":"Petar Mladenov, General Secretary (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Petar Mladenov","person":"Petar Mladenov","qid":"Q81144","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Petar Mladenov, President (1990)"},{"name":"Georgi Atanasov","person":"Georgi Atanasov (politician)","qid":"Q669384","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Georgi Atanasov, Prime minister (1986–1990)"},{"name":"Andrey Lukanov","person":"Andrey Lukanov","qid":"Q502248","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Andrey Lukanov, Prime minister (1990)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Bulgaria","region":"Europe","country":"Bulgaria","wikipedia":"Bulgaria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Zhelyu Zhelev","person":"Zhelyu Zhelev","qid":"Q276567","title":"Chairman","office":"Presidents","quote":"Zhelyu Zhelev, Chairman (1990–1992), President (1992–1997)"},{"name":"Andrey Lukanov","person":"Andrey Lukanov","qid":"Q502248","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Andrey Lukanov, Prime minister (1990)"},{"name":"Dimitar Iliev Popov","person":"Dimitar Iliev Popov","qid":"Q675887","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Dimitar Iliev Popov, Prime minister (1990)"}]},{"state":"Greece: Third Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Greece","wikipedia":"Greece","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Christos Sartzetakis","person":"Christos Sartzetakis","qid":"Q344729","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Christos Sartzetakis, President (1985–1990)"},{"name":"Konstantinos Karamanlis","person":"Konstantinos Karamanlis","qid":"Q156806","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Konstantinos Karamanlis, President (1990–1995)"},{"name":"Xenophon Zolotas","person":"Xenophon Zolotas","qid":"Q318009","title":"caretaker Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Xenophon Zolotas, caretaker Prime minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Konstantinos Mitsotakis","person":"Konstantinos Mitsotakis","qid":"Q312013","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime minister (1990–1993)"}]},{"state":"Yugoslavia: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia","region":"Europe","country":"Yugoslavia","wikipedia":"Yugoslavia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Janez Drnovšek","person":"Janez Drnovšek","qid":"Q171228","title":"President of the Presidency","office":"Presidents","quote":"Janez Drnovšek, President of the Presidency (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Borisav Jović","person":"Borisav Jović","qid":"Q893817","title":"President of the Presidency","office":"Presidents","quote":"Borisav Jović, President of the Presidency (1990–1991)"},{"name":"Ante Marković","person":"Ante Marković","qid":"Q317547","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ante Marković, Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Croatia","region":"Europe","country":"Yugoslavia","wikipedia":"Croatia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Stjepan Mesić","person":"Stjepan Mesić","qid":"Q146496","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Stjepan Mesić, Prime minister (1990)"},{"name":"Josip Manolić","person":"Josip Manolić","qid":"Q955376","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Josip Manolić, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Slovenia","region":"Europe","country":"Yugoslavia","wikipedia":"Slovenia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Lojze Peterle","person":"Lojze Peterle","qid":"Q282653","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Lojze Peterle, Prime minister (1990–1992)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Latvia","region":"Europe","country":"Latvia","wikipedia":"Latvia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ivars Godmanis","person":"Ivars Godmanis","qid":"Q210822","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ivars Godmanis, Prime minister (1990–1993)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Lithuania","region":"Europe","country":"Lithuania","wikipedia":"Lithuania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Kazimira Prunskienė","person":"Kazimira Prunskienė","qid":"Q257779","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kazimira Prunskienė, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Ireland","region":"Europe","country":"Ireland","wikipedia":"Republic of Ireland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Patrick Hillery","person":"Patrick Hillery","qid":"Q310994","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Patrick Hillery, President (1976–1990)"},{"name":"Mary Robinson","person":"Mary Robinson","qid":"Q188214","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mary Robinson, President (1990–1997)"},{"name":"Charles Haughey","person":"Charles Haughey","qid":"Q333735","title":"Taoiseach","office":"Taoiseachs","quote":"Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987–1992)"}]},{"state":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","region":"Europe","country":"United Kingdom","wikipedia":"United Kingdom","key":"United Kingdom","holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)"},{"name":"Margaret Thatcher","person":"Margaret Thatcher","qid":"Q7416","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Margaret Thatcher, Prime minister (1979–1990)"},{"name":"John Major","person":"John Major","qid":"Q9559","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"John Major, Prime minister (1990–1997)"}]},{"state":"Austria","region":"Europe","country":"Austria","wikipedia":"Austria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Kurt Waldheim","person":"Kurt Waldheim","qid":"Q1260","title":"President","office":"Federal Presidents","quote":"Kurt Waldheim, President (1986–1992)"},{"name":"Franz Vranitzky","person":"Franz Vranitzky","qid":"Q158123","title":"Chancellor","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor (1986–1997)"}]},{"state":"Czech and Slovak Federative Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Czechoslovakia","wikipedia":"Czech and Slovak Federative Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Václav Havel","person":"Václav Havel","qid":"Q36233","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Václav Havel, President (1989–1992)"},{"name":"Marián Čalfa","person":"Marián Čalfa","qid":"Q709968","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Marián Čalfa, Prime minister (1989–1992)"}]},{"state":"East Germany","region":"Europe","country":"Germany","wikipedia":"East Germany","key":"Germany","holders":[{"name":"Manfred Gerlach","person":"Manfred Gerlach","qid":"Q2601","title":"Chairmen of the State Council","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Manfred Gerlach, Chairmen of the State Council (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Hans Modrow","person":"Hans Modrow","qid":"Q57241","title":"Chairman","office":"Chairman of the Council of Ministers","quote":"Hans Modrow, Chairman (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Lothar de Maizière","person":"Lothar de Maizière","qid":"Q57412","title":"Chairman","office":"Chairman of the Council of Ministers","quote":"Lothar de Maizière, Chairman (1990)"}]},{"state":"West Germany","region":"Europe","country":"Germany","wikipedia":"West Germany","key":"Germany","holders":[{"name":"Richard von Weizsäcker","person":"Richard von Weizsäcker","qid":"Q2567","title":"President of West Germany","office":"Presidents","quote":"Richard von Weizsäcker, President of West Germany (1984–1990), President of reunified Germany (1990–1994)"},{"name":"Helmut Kohl","person":"Helmut Kohl","qid":"Q2518","title":"Chancellor of West Germany","office":"Chancellors","quote":"Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1990), Chancellor of reunified Germany (1990–1998)"}]},{"state":"Hungary: Third Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Hungary","wikipedia":"Hungary","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mátyás Szűrös","person":"Mátyás Szűrös","qid":"Q461944","title":"Acting President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mátyás Szűrös, Acting President (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Árpád Göncz","person":"Árpád Göncz","qid":"Q102200","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Árpád Göncz, President (1990–2000)"},{"name":"Miklós Németh","person":"Miklós Németh","qid":"Q355812","title":"Provisional Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Miklós Németh, Provisional Prime minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"József Antall","person":"József Antall","qid":"Q355907","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"József Antall, Prime minister (1990–1993)"}]},{"state":"Liechtenstein","region":"Europe","country":"Liechtenstein","wikipedia":"Liechtenstein","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Hans-Adam II","person":"Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein","qid":"Q57454","title":"Prince","office":"Sovereign Princes","quote":"Hans-Adam II, Prince (1989–present)"},{"name":"Hans Brunhart","person":"Hans Brunhart","qid":"Q696665","title":"Prime minister","office":"Heads of government","quote":"Hans Brunhart, Prime minister (1978–1993)"}]},{"state":"Polish People's Republic","region":"Europe","country":"Poland","wikipedia":"Polish People's Republic","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mieczysław Rakowski","person":"Mieczysław Rakowski","qid":"Q559771","title":"First Secretary","office":"Party leaders","quote":"Mieczysław Rakowski, First Secretary (1989–1990)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Poland","region":"Europe","country":"Poland","wikipedia":"Poland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Wojciech Jaruzelski","person":"Wojciech Jaruzelski","qid":"Q55834","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Wojciech Jaruzelski, President (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Lech Wałęsa","person":"Lech Wałęsa","qid":"Q444","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Lech Wałęsa, President (1990–1995)"},{"name":"Tadeusz Mazowiecki","person":"Tadeusz Mazowiecki","qid":"Q55922","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Prime minister (1989–1991)"}]},{"state":"Switzerland","region":"Europe","country":"Switzerland","wikipedia":"Switzerland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Arnold Koller","person":"Arnold Koller","qid":"Q115559","title":"President of the Confederation","office":null,"quote":"Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1990)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Moldova","region":"Europe","country":"Moldova","wikipedia":"Moldova","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mircea Snegur","person":"Mircea Snegur","qid":"Q347679","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mircea Snegur, President (1990–1997)"}]},{"state":"Transnistria","region":"Europe","country":"Moldova","wikipedia":"Transnistria","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Igor Smirnov","person":"Igor Smirnov (politician)","qid":"Q309832","title":"Chairman of the Provisional Supreme Soviet; of the Republic","office":"Heads of State","quote":"Igor Smirnov, Chairman of the Provisional Supreme Soviet (1990), of the Republic (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Romania","region":"Europe","country":"Romania","wikipedia":"Romania","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ion Iliescu","person":"Ion Iliescu","qid":"Q189575","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ion Iliescu, President (1989–1996)"},{"name":"Petre Roman","person":"Petre Roman","qid":"Q316823","title":"Acting Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Petre Roman, Acting Prime minister (1989–1990), Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Soviet Union","region":"Europe","country":"Russia","wikipedia":"Soviet Union","key":"Russia","holders":[{"name":"Mikhail Gorbachev","person":"Mikhail Gorbachev","qid":"Q30487","title":"General Secretary","office":"General Secretary","quote":"Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary (1985–1991)"},{"name":"Mikhail Gorbachev","person":"Mikhail Gorbachev","qid":"Q30487","title":"Chairman of the Supreme Soviet; president","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1988–1990), president (1990–1991)"},{"name":"Nikolai Ryzhkov","person":"Nikolai Ryzhkov","qid":"Q366524","title":"Chairman of the Council of Ministers","office":"Heads of governments","quote":"Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985–1991)"}]},{"state":"Denmark","region":"Europe","country":"Denmark","wikipedia":"Denmark","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Margrethe II","person":"Margrethe II of Denmark","qid":"Q102139","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Margrethe II, Queen (1972–2024)"},{"name":"Poul Schlüter","person":"Poul Schlüter","qid":"Q327190","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Poul Schlüter, Prime minister (1982–1993)"}]},{"state":"Finland","region":"Europe","country":"Finland","wikipedia":"Finland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mauno Koivisto","person":"Mauno Koivisto","qid":"Q29021","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mauno Koivisto, President (1982–1994)"},{"name":"Harri Holkeri","person":"Harri Holkeri","qid":"Q273324","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Harri Holkeri, Prime minister (1987–1991)"}]},{"state":"Iceland","region":"Europe","country":"Iceland","wikipedia":"Iceland","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Vigdís Finnbogadóttir","person":"Vigdís Finnbogadóttir","qid":"Q189797","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President (1980–1996)"},{"name":"Steingrímur Hermannsson","person":"Steingrímur Hermannsson","qid":"Q358173","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime minister (1988–1991)"}]},{"state":"Norway","region":"Europe","country":"Norway","wikipedia":"Norway","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Olav V","person":"Olav V of Norway","qid":"Q154912","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Olav V, King (1957–1991)"},{"name":"Jan P. Syse","person":"Jan P. Syse","qid":"Q311421","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Jan P. Syse, Prime minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Gro Harlem Brundtland","person":"Gro Harlem Brundtland","qid":"Q133009","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime minister (1990–1996)"}]},{"state":"Sweden","region":"Europe","country":"Sweden","wikipedia":"Sweden","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Carl XVI Gustaf","person":"Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden","qid":"Q45068","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Carl XVI Gustaf, King (1973–present)"},{"name":"Ingvar Carlsson","person":"Ingvar Carlsson","qid":"Q53740","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Ingvar Carlsson, Prime minister (1986–1991)"}]},{"state":"Italy","region":"Europe","country":"Italy","wikipedia":"Italy","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Francesco Cossiga","person":"Francesco Cossiga","qid":"Q1230","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Francesco Cossiga, President (1985–1992)"},{"name":"Giulio Andreotti","person":"Giulio Andreotti","qid":"Q50005","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Giulio Andreotti, Prime minister (1989–1992)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Malta","region":"Europe","country":"Malta","wikipedia":"Malta","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ċensu Tabone","person":"Ċensu Tabone","qid":"Q167937","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Ċensu Tabone, President (1989–1994)"},{"name":"Eddie Fenech Adami","person":"Eddie Fenech Adami","qid":"Q152511","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime minister (1987–1996)"}]},{"state":"San Marino","region":"Europe","country":"San Marino","wikipedia":"San Marino","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Gloriana Ranocchini","person":"Gloriana Ranocchini","qid":"Q16189465","title":"Captains Regent","office":"Captains Regent (1900–present)","quote":"Gloriana Ranocchini, Leo Achilli, Captains Regent (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Cesare Gasperoni","person":"Cesare Gasperoni","qid":"Q2247250","title":"Captains Regent","office":"Captains Regent (1900–present)","quote":"Cesare Gasperoni, Roberto Bucci, Captains Regent (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Vatican City","region":"Europe","country":"Vatican","wikipedia":"Vatican City","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"John Paul II","person":"Pope John Paul II","qid":"Q989","title":"Sovereign","office":"Sovereign","quote":"John Paul II, Sovereign (1978–2005)"},{"name":"Sebastiano Baggio","person":"Sebastiano Baggio","qid":"Q982074","title":"President of the Governorate","office":"President of the Governorate","quote":"Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate (1984–1990)"},{"name":"Rosalio José Castillo Lara","person":"Rosalio José Castillo Lara","qid":"Q959737","title":"President of the Governorate","office":"President of the Governorate","quote":"Rosalio José Castillo Lara, President of the Governorate (1990–1997)"}]},{"state":"Andorra","region":"Europe","country":"Andorra","wikipedia":"Andorra","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Joan Martí i Alanis","person":"Joan Martí i Alanis","qid":"Q684487","title":"Episcopal Co-Prince","office":"Episcopal Co-Princes","quote":"Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince (1971–2003)"},{"name":"François Mitterrand","person":"François Mitterrand","qid":"Q2038","title":"French Co-Prince","office":"French Co-Princes","quote":"François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince (1981–1995)"},{"name":"Josep Pintat-Solans","person":"Josep Pintat-Solans","qid":"Q72546","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Josep Pintat-Solans, Prime minister (1984–1990)"},{"name":"Òscar Ribas Reig","person":"Òscar Ribas Reig","qid":"Q292884","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Òscar Ribas Reig, Prime minister (1990–1994)"}]},{"state":"Third Republic of Portugal","region":"Europe","country":"Portugal","wikipedia":"Portugal","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Mário Soares","person":"Mário Soares","qid":"Q156781","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"Mário Soares, President (1986–1996)"},{"name":"Aníbal Cavaco Silva","person":"Aníbal Cavaco Silva","qid":"Q57398","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime minister (1985–1995)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of Spain","region":"Europe","country":"Spain","wikipedia":"Spain","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Juan Carlos I","person":"Juan Carlos I of Spain","qid":"Q19943","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Juan Carlos I, King (1975–2014)"},{"name":"Felipe González","person":"Felipe González","qid":"Q156799","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Felipe González, Prime minister (1982–1996)"}]},{"state":"Belgium","region":"Europe","country":"Belgium","wikipedia":"Belgium","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Baudouin","person":"Baudouin of Belgium","qid":"Q12976","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Baudouin, King (1951–1993)"},{"name":"Wilfried Martens","person":"Wilfried Martens","qid":"Q313809","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Wilfried Martens, Prime minister (1981–1992)"}]},{"state":"France: Fifth Republic","region":"Europe","country":"France","wikipedia":"France","key":"France","holders":[{"name":"François Mitterrand","person":"François Mitterrand","qid":"Q2038","title":"President","office":"Presidents","quote":"François Mitterrand, President (1981–1995)"},{"name":"Michel Rocard","person":"Michel Rocard","qid":"Q12946","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Michel Rocard, Prime minister (1988–1991)"}]},{"state":"Luxembourg","region":"Europe","country":"Luxembourg","wikipedia":"Luxembourg","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Jean","person":"Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg","qid":"Q15988","title":"Grand Duke","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Jean, Grand Duke (1964–2000)"},{"name":"Jacques Santer","person":"Jacques Santer","qid":"Q39659","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Jacques Santer, Prime minister (1984–1995)"}]},{"state":"Monaco","region":"Europe","country":"Monaco","wikipedia":"Monaco","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Rainier III","person":"Rainier III, Prince of Monaco","qid":"Q185025","title":"Prince","office":"Sovereign Prince","quote":"Rainier III, Prince (1949–2005)"},{"name":"Jean Ausseil","person":"Jean Ausseil","qid":"Q931543","title":"Minister of state","office":"Minister of State","quote":"Jean Ausseil, Minister of state (1985–1991)"}]},{"state":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","region":"Europe","country":"Netherlands","wikipedia":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Beatrix","person":"Beatrix of the Netherlands","qid":"Q29574","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Beatrix, Queen (1980–2013)"},{"name":"Ruud Lubbers","person":"Ruud Lubbers","qid":"Q159840","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers of the Netherlands; from 1954, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands","quote":"Ruud Lubbers, Prime minister (1982–1994)"}]},{"state":"Armenia","region":"Europe","country":"Armenia","wikipedia":"Armenia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Vazgen Manukyan","person":"Vazgen Manukyan","qid":"Q2389099","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Vazgen Manukyan, Prime minister (1990–1991)"}]},{"state":"Australia","region":"Oceania","country":"Australia","wikipedia":"Australia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)"},{"name":"Bob Hawke","person":"Bob Hawke","qid":"Q269372","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Bob Hawke, Prime minister (1983–1991)"}]},{"state":"Papua New Guinea","region":"Oceania","country":"Papua New Guinea","wikipedia":"Papua New Guinea","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1975–2022)"}]},{"state":"Republic of Fiji","region":"Oceania","country":"Fiji","wikipedia":"Fiji","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Penaia Ganilau","person":"Penaia Ganilau","qid":"Q1398207","title":"President","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Penaia Ganilau, President (1987–1993)"},{"name":"Kamisese Mara","person":"Kamisese Mara","qid":"Q469507","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Kamisese Mara, Prime minister (1987–1992)"}]},{"state":"Wallis and Futuna","region":"Oceania","country":"French Polynesia","wikipedia":"Wallis and Futuna","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Tomasi Kulimoetoke II","person":"Tomasi Kulimoetoke II","qid":"Q783759","title":"King","office":"Kings of Uvea (Wallis)","quote":"Tomasi Kulimoetoke II, King (1959–2007)"}]},{"state":"Kiribati","region":"Oceania","country":"Kiribati","wikipedia":"Kiribati","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ieremia Tabai","person":"Ieremia Tabai","qid":"Q1299331","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Ieremia Tabai, President (1983–1991)"}]},{"state":"Marshall Islands","region":"Oceania","country":"Marshall Islands","wikipedia":"Marshall Islands","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Amata Kabua","person":"Amata Kabua","qid":"Q12915","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Amata Kabua, President (1979–1996)"}]},{"state":"Federated States of Micronesia","region":"Oceania","country":"Micronesia","wikipedia":"Federated States of Micronesia","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"John Haglelgam","person":"John Haglelgam","qid":"Q448251","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"John Haglelgam, President (1987–1991)"}]},{"state":"Nauru","region":"Oceania","country":"Nauru","wikipedia":"Nauru","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Bernard Dowiyogo","person":"Bernard Dowiyogo","qid":"Q715836","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Bernard Dowiyogo, President (1989–1995)"}]},{"state":"New Zealand","region":"Oceania","country":"New Zealand","wikipedia":"New Zealand","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)"},{"name":"Geoffrey Palmer","person":"Geoffrey Palmer (New Zealand politician)","qid":"Q1385100","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Geoffrey Palmer, Prime minister (1989–1990)"},{"name":"Mike Moore","person":"Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)","qid":"Q558647","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Mike Moore, Prime minister (1990)"},{"name":"Jim Bolger","person":"Jim Bolger","qid":"Q139785","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Jim Bolger, Prime minister (1990–1997)"}]},{"state":"Palau","region":"Oceania","country":"Palau","wikipedia":"Palau","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Ngiratkel Etpison","person":"Ngiratkel Etpison","qid":"Q888490","title":"President","office":null,"quote":"Ngiratkel Etpison, President (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Western Samoa/ Independent State of Samoa","region":"Oceania","country":"Samoa and American Samoa","wikipedia":"Samoa","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Malietoa Tanumafili II","person":"Malietoa Tanumafili II","qid":"Q317378","title":"O le Ao o le Malo","office":"Heads of state","quote":"Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo (1962–2007)"},{"name":"Tofilau Eti Alesana","person":"Tofilau Eti Alesana","qid":"Q1281027","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime minister (1988–1998)"}]},{"state":"Solomon Islands","region":"Oceania","country":"Solomon Islands","wikipedia":"Solomon Islands","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1978–2022)"},{"name":"Solomon Mamaloni","person":"Solomon Mamaloni","qid":"Q1380230","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Solomon Mamaloni, Prime minister (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Tonga","region":"Oceania","country":"Tonga","wikipedia":"Tonga","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV","person":"Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV","qid":"Q273739","title":"King","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King (1965–2006)"},{"name":"Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake","person":"Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake","qid":"Q984131","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime minister (1965–1991)"}]},{"state":"Tuvalu","region":"Oceania","country":"Tuvalu","wikipedia":"Tuvalu","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Elizabeth II","person":"Elizabeth II","qid":"Q9682","title":"Queen","office":"Monarchs","quote":"Elizabeth II, Queen (1978–2022)"},{"name":"Bikenibeu Paeniu","person":"Bikenibeu Paeniu","qid":"Q126443","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime minister (1989–1993)"}]},{"state":"Vanuatu","region":"Oceania","country":"Vanuatu","wikipedia":"Vanuatu","key":null,"holders":[{"name":"Walter Lini","person":"Walter Lini","qid":"Q724686","title":"Prime minister","office":"Prime ministers","quote":"Walter Lini, Prime minister (1980–1991)"}]}],"source":{"name":"Wikipedia","title":"List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)","revid":1371751893,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371751893","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","retrieved":"2026-10-22"},"checked":"Each holder is quoted from the list and kept for this year only where the person's own Wikidata record holds the same post over the same term, to within a year."},"hot100":{"weeks":[{"date":"1990-01-06","title":"Another Day in Paradise","artist":"Phil Collins"},{"date":"1990-01-13","title":"Another Day in Paradise","artist":"Phil Collins"},{"date":"1990-01-20","title":"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You","artist":"Michael Bolton"},{"date":"1990-01-27","title":"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You","artist":"Michael Bolton"},{"date":"1990-02-03","title":"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You","artist":"Michael Bolton"},{"date":"1990-02-10","title":"Opposites Attract","artist":"Paula Abdul with The Wild Pair"},{"date":"1990-02-17","title":"Opposites Attract","artist":"Paula Abdul with The Wild Pair"},{"date":"1990-02-24","title":"Opposites Attract","artist":"Paula Abdul with The Wild Pair"},{"date":"1990-03-03","title":"Escapade","artist":"Janet Jackson"},{"date":"1990-03-10","title":"Escapade","artist":"Janet Jackson"},{"date":"1990-03-17","title":"Escapade","artist":"Janet Jackson"},{"date":"1990-03-24","title":"Black Velvet","artist":"Alannah Myles"},{"date":"1990-03-31","title":"Black Velvet","artist":"Alannah Myles"},{"date":"1990-04-07","title":"Love Will Lead You Back","artist":"Taylor Dayne"},{"date":"1990-04-14","title":"I'll Be Your Everything","artist":"Tommy Page"},{"date":"1990-04-21","title":"Nothing Compares 2 U","artist":"Sinéad O'Connor"},{"date":"1990-04-28","title":"Nothing Compares 2 U","artist":"Sinéad O'Connor"},{"date":"1990-05-05","title":"Nothing Compares 2 U","artist":"Sinéad O'Connor"},{"date":"1990-05-12","title":"Nothing Compares 2 U","artist":"Sinéad O'Connor"},{"date":"1990-05-19","title":"Vogue","artist":"Madonna"},{"date":"1990-05-26","title":"Vogue","artist":"Madonna"},{"date":"1990-06-02","title":"Vogue","artist":"Madonna"},{"date":"1990-06-09","title":"Hold On","artist":"Wilson Phillips"},{"date":"1990-06-16","title":"It Must Have Been Love","artist":"Roxette"},{"date":"1990-06-23","title":"It Must Have Been Love","artist":"Roxette"},{"date":"1990-06-30","title":"Step by Step","artist":"New Kids on the Block"},{"date":"1990-07-07","title":"Step by Step","artist":"New Kids on the Block"},{"date":"1990-07-14","title":"Step by Step","artist":"New Kids on the Block"},{"date":"1990-07-21","title":"She Ain't Worth It","artist":"Glenn Medeiros featuring Bobby Brown"},{"date":"1990-07-28","title":"She Ain't Worth It","artist":"Glenn Medeiros featuring Bobby Brown"},{"date":"1990-08-04","title":"Vision of Love","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-08-11","title":"Vision of Love","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-08-18","title":"Vision of Love","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-08-25","title":"Vision of Love","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-09-01","title":"If Wishes Came True","artist":"Sweet Sensation"},{"date":"1990-09-08","title":"Blaze of Glory","artist":"Jon Bon Jovi"},{"date":"1990-09-15","title":"Release Me","artist":"Wilson Phillips"},{"date":"1990-09-22","title":"Release Me","artist":"Wilson Phillips"},{"date":"1990-09-29","title":"(Can't Live Without Your) Love and Affection","artist":"Nelson"},{"date":"1990-10-06","title":"Close to You","artist":"Maxi Priest"},{"date":"1990-10-13","title":"Praying for Time","artist":"George Michael"},{"date":"1990-10-20","title":"I Don't Have the Heart","artist":"James Ingram"},{"date":"1990-10-27","title":"Black Cat","artist":"Janet Jackson"},{"date":"1990-11-03","title":"Ice Ice Baby","artist":"Vanilla Ice"},{"date":"1990-11-10","title":"Love Takes Time","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-11-17","title":"Love Takes Time","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-11-24","title":"Love Takes Time","artist":"Mariah Carey"},{"date":"1990-12-01","title":"I'm Your Baby Tonight","artist":"Whitney Houston"},{"date":"1990-12-08","title":"Because I Love You (The Postman Song)","artist":"Stevie B"},{"date":"1990-12-15","title":"Because I Love You (The Postman Song)","artist":"Stevie B"},{"date":"1990-12-22","title":"Because I Love You (The Postman Song)","artist":"Stevie B"},{"date":"1990-12-29","title":"Because I Love You (The Postman Song)","artist":"Stevie B"}],"songs":[{"title":"Another Day in Paradise","artist":"Phil Collins","weeks":2},{"title":"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You","artist":"Michael Bolton","weeks":3},{"title":"Opposites Attract","artist":"Paula Abdul with The Wild Pair","weeks":3},{"title":"Escapade","artist":"Janet Jackson","weeks":3},{"title":"Black Velvet","artist":"Alannah Myles","weeks":2},{"title":"Love Will Lead You Back","artist":"Taylor Dayne","weeks":1},{"title":"I'll Be Your Everything","artist":"Tommy Page","weeks":1},{"title":"Nothing Compares 2 U","artist":"Sinéad O'Connor","weeks":4},{"title":"Vogue","artist":"Madonna","weeks":3},{"title":"Hold On","artist":"Wilson Phillips","weeks":1},{"title":"It Must Have Been Love","artist":"Roxette","weeks":2},{"title":"Step by Step","artist":"New Kids on the Block","weeks":3},{"title":"She Ain't Worth It","artist":"Glenn Medeiros featuring Bobby Brown","weeks":2},{"title":"Vision of Love","artist":"Mariah Carey","weeks":4},{"title":"If Wishes Came True","artist":"Sweet Sensation","weeks":1},{"title":"Blaze of Glory","artist":"Jon Bon Jovi","weeks":1},{"title":"Release Me","artist":"Wilson Phillips","weeks":2},{"title":"(Can't Live Without Your) Love and Affection","artist":"Nelson","weeks":1},{"title":"Close to You","artist":"Maxi Priest","weeks":1},{"title":"Praying for Time","artist":"George Michael","weeks":1},{"title":"I Don't Have the Heart","artist":"James Ingram","weeks":1},{"title":"Black Cat","artist":"Janet Jackson","weeks":1},{"title":"Ice Ice Baby","artist":"Vanilla Ice","weeks":1},{"title":"Love Takes Time","artist":"Mariah Carey","weeks":3},{"title":"I'm Your Baby Tonight","artist":"Whitney Houston","weeks":1},{"title":"Because I Love You (The Postman Song)","artist":"Stevie B","weeks":4}],"source":{"year":1990,"title":"List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 1990","revid":1362967518,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362967518","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","retrieved":"2026-10-22"}},"births":[{"text":"February 16 – The Weeknd, singer-songwriter","person":"The Weeknd","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367719170#Births","title":"1990 in Canada","revid":1367719170}},{"text":"July 18 – Canelo Álvarez, boxer","person":"Canelo Álvarez","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367183864#Births","title":"1990 in Mexico","revid":1367183864}},{"text":"December 27 – Milos Raonic, tennis player","person":"Milos Raonic","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367719170#Births","title":"1990 in Canada","revid":1367719170}},{"text":"1 January – Rubel Hossain, cricketer","person":"1 January","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345223850#Births","title":"1990 in Bangladesh","revid":1345223850}},{"text":"April 12: Hiroki Sakai, footballer","person":"Hiroki Sakai","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353814603#Births","title":"1990 in Japan","revid":1353814603}},{"text":"15 September – Aaron Mooy, soccer player","person":"Aaron Mooy","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367182045#Births","title":"1990 in Australia","revid":1367182045}},{"text":"January 26 – Sergio Pérez, racing driver","person":"Sergio Pérez","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367183864#Births","title":"1990 in Mexico","revid":1367183864}},{"text":"April 27 – Austin Dillon, stock car driver","person":"Austin Dillon","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372357920#Births","title":"1990 in the United States","revid":1372357920}},{"text":"January 25 - Lee Jun-ho, singer-songwriter and actor","person":"Lee Jun-ho","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366868728#Births","title":"1990 in South Korea","revid":1366868728}},{"text":"January 3 – Sunneva Einarsdóttir, handball player.","person":"January 3","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345480172#Births","title":"1990 in Iceland","revid":1345480172}},{"text":"18 September – Michael Smith, darts world champion","person":"Michael Smith (darts player)","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369976823#Births","title":"1990 in the United Kingdom","revid":1369976823}},{"text":"September 9 – Haley Reinhart, singer","person":"Haley Reinhart","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372357920#Births","title":"1990 in the United States","revid":1372357920}},{"text":"17 March – Saina Nehwal, Indian badminton player.","person":"Saina Nehwal","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357029200#Births","title":"1990 in India","revid":1357029200}},{"text":"4 January – Lucy Letby, convicted serial killer","person":"Lucy Letby","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369976823#Births","title":"1990 in the United Kingdom","revid":1369976823}},{"text":"September 29 – Sara Björk Gunnarsdóttir, footballer","person":"September 29","cite":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345480172#Births","title":"1990 in Iceland","revid":1345480172}}]}