slug: united-arab-emirates

label: United Arab Emirates

description: country in Western Asia

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

date: May 25

text: May 25 – In Riyadh, the Gulf Cooperation Council is created among Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

title: 1981

section: Disasters & Accidents

date: September 23

text: September 23 – Gulf Air Flight 771 crashes in the United Arab Emirates after a bomb explodes in the baggage compartment, killing 117.

title: 1983

date: January 4

text: January 4 – The tallest man-made structure to date, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is officially opened.

title: 2010

section: Events › January

section: Conflict & Security

date: August 23

text: August 23 – A UAE military intelligence operation in the country of Yemen frees one British hostage.

title: 2015

section: Events › August

date: August 3

text: August 3 – Emirates Flight 521 crashes at Dubai International Airport in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 1 person was killed and 39 people were injured.

title: 2016

date: June 5

text: June 5 – The Qatar diplomatic crisis of 2017–18 starts, as Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and other Arab countries block Qatari access to their seas and air.

title: 2017

section: Events › June

text: February 3 – Pope Francis arrives in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, becoming the first pope to visit the Arabian Peninsula.

title: 2019

date: May 12

text: May 12 – May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident: Four commercial ships, including two Saudi Aramco oil tankers, are damaged near Fujairah in the Gulf of Oman. The UAE claims it as a "sabotage attack", while an early U.S. assessment blames Iran. The incident occurs after increased U.S.-Iran tensions provoked by the deployment of U.S. military to the Persian Gulf in response to an alleged plot by Iran to attack U.S. forces.

title: 2019

date: August 1

text: August 1 – The Barakah nuclear power plant in the UAE becomes operational following delays since 2017. It is the first commercial nuclear power station in the Arab world.

title: 2020

date: August 13

text: August 13 – Israel and the UAE agree to normalise relations, marking the third Israel–Arab peace deal.

title: 2020

date: March 26

text: March 26 – Militants in the Philippines, Syria, Yemen, and Libya agree to U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres' call for a ceasefire; some accept medical aid for themselves and civilians in their communities. Colombia and Venezuela discuss a common response to the global pandemic, and the UAE airlifts aid to Iran.

title: 2020

section: Events › March

section: Crime & Justice

text: August 3 – The oil tanker Asphalt Princess is hijacked off the coast of the United Arab Emirates.

title: 2021

date: February 4

text: February 4 – US President Joe Biden announces that the United States will cease providing weapons to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for use in the Yemeni Civil War.

title: 2021

date: October 17

text: October 17–November 14 – The 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates and Oman, and is won by Australia.

title: 2021

date: August 27

text: August 27 – September 11 – The 2022 Asia Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates, and is won by Sri Lanka.

title: 2022

date: June 19

text: June 19 – Qatar and the United Arab Emirates announce that they will restore diplomatic relations after relations were suspended during the Qatar diplomatic crisis.

title: 2023

date: January 1

text: January 1 – Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates become BRICS members.

title: 2024

date: October 3

text: October 3–20 – The 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates, and is won by New Zealand.

title: 2024


description: historical sovereign state (1801–1922)

text: August 1 – King George III gives royal assent to the second Act of Union to unite the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland (both ruled by him) into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, effective on January 1, 1801.

title: 1800

section: Events › July–September

text: January 1 – The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of Ireland.

title: 1801

section: Events › January–March

date: September 30

text: September 30 – The Treaty of London is signed for preliminary peace between the French First Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

title: 1801

date: July 4

text: July 4 – Invasion of Naples (War of the Third Coalition): Battle of Maida – Britain defeats the French in Calabria.

title: 1806

date: January 7

text: January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies.

title: 1807

date: February 21

text: February 21 – Russia issues an ultimatum to Sweden, to join Napoleon's Continental System against the United Kingdom.

title: 1808

date: January 5

text: January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded.

title: 1809

date: May 1

text: May 1 – Macon's Bill Number 2 becomes law in the United States, intending to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars.

title: 1810

section: Events › April–June

section: Culture & Society

date: July 19

text: July 19 – George IV is crowned King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. His estranged wife, Caroline of Brunswick, is turned away from the ceremony.

title: 1821

date: October 20

text: October 20 – Greek War of Independence: Battle of Navarino – British, French and Russian naval forces destroy the Turko-Egyptian fleet in Greece. This is the last naval action to be fought under sail alone.

title: 1827

section: Events › October–December

date: June 26

text: June 26 – William IV succeeds his brother George IV, as King of the United Kingdom.

title: 1830

date: April 22

text: April 22 – Spain, France, Portugal and the United Kingdom sign the Quadruple Alliance.

title: 1834

text: The United Kingdom, backed by the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire, compels July Monarchy France to abandon Muhammad Ali of Egypt, and forces him to return Syria and Arabia to the Ottoman Empire.

title: 1839

section: Events › Date unknown

section: Exploration & Expansion

date: January 22

text: January 22 – British colonists reach New Zealand, officially founding the settlement of Wellington.

title: 1840

date: July 15

text: July 15 – The Austrian Empire, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Russian Empire sign the Convention of London with the Sublime Porte, ruler of the Ottoman Empire.

title: 1840

date: December 20

text: December 20 – The first multilateral treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade, the Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade, signed in London by the representatives of Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia.

title: 1841

date: December 24

text: December 24 – Great Britain acquires Labuan from the Sultanate of Brunei.

title: 1846

text: January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.

title: 1846

date: December 9

text: December 9 – Bushehr surrenders to the British.

title: 1856

date: October 24

text: October 24 – Sheffield F.C., the world's first association football team, is founded in Sheffield, United Kingdom by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest

title: 1857

date: February 23

text: February 23 – The United Kingdom and Germany agree on the frontier between German East Africa and Nyasaland.

title: 1901

section: Events › February

date: July 1

text: July 1 – The first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau is established at Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police headquarters in London, by Edward Henry.

title: 1901

section: Events › July–August

date: March 1

text: March 1 – The United Kingdom, Germany and Japan protest the Sino-Russian agreement on Manchuria.

title: 1901

section: Economy & Finance

date: December

text: December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis: Britain, Germany and Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela, in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

title: 1902

section: Events › December

section: Deaths

date: May 6

text: May 6 – George V becomes King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland upon the death of his father, Edward VII.

title: 1910

section: Events › May

date: September

text: London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.

title: 1914

section: Events › September

date: March

text: Constantinople Agreement: Britain, France and the Russian Empire agree to give Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Bosphorus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).

title: 1915

date: May 16

text: May 16 – Britain and France conclude the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement, which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of WWI and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, into French and British spheres of influence.

title: 1916


slug: united-kingdom

label: United Kingdom

description: island country in north-west Europe

section: Conflict & Security

date: January 17

text: January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces.

title: 1746

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

date: January 3

text: January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.

title: 1815

section: Events › January

text: March 1 – The Gorkha War between the United Kingdom and Nepal is ended after more than a year by the ratification of the Treaty of Sugauli, with Nepal ceding about one-third of its territory to British Indian control.

title: 1816

date: May 1

text: May 1 – The last judicial decapitation in the United Kingdom is meted out to the principals in the Cato Street conspirators after their public hanging for treason in London. Legally, the post-hanging beheading is a mitigation of the last sentence in Britain of "hanging, drawing and quartering".

title: 1820

date: June 20

text: June 20 – The Burney Treaty is signed in Bangkok between the United Kingdom and the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam, securing British power in southeast Asia.

title: 1826

date: January 20

text: January 20 – The United Kingdom proclaims its annexation of Lower Burma, ending the Second Anglo-Burmese War.

title: 1853

section: Technology & Infrastructure

date: June 15

text: June 15 – Stamp duty revenue tax is removed from British newspapers, creating free mass media thereafter in the United Kingdom.

title: 1855

date: May 22

text: May 22 – In Australia, the province of Victoria (named for then reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria) to the southeast is separated administratively from the earlier larger province of New South Wales to the north.

title: 1855

date: July 5

text: July 5 – The first speed limit is introduced in Britain: 2 mi/h km/h in town and 4 mi/h km/h in the country.

title: 1865

section: Events › July

date: January 9

text: January 9 – Penal transportation from Britain to Australia ends, with arrival of the convict ship Hougoumont in Western Australia, after an 89-day voyage from England. There are 62 Fenians among the transportees.

title: 1868

date: March 12

text: March 12 – Basutoland is proclaimed a British Protectorate, becoming independent in 1966 as Lesotho.

title: 1868

date: August 3

text: August 3 – The Pretoria Convention peace treaty is signed, officially ending the war between the Boers and Britain.

title: 1881

section: Events › August

text: January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. She is 81 years old and, having ruled for nearly 64 years, will be the second longest-reigning monarch in British history. Her eldest son, Prince Albert Edward, "Bertie", the longest-serving Prince of Wales to this time, succeeds his mother at the age of 59, reigning as King Edward VII, of the United Kingdom and in innovation the British Dominions and also becoming Emperor of India.

title: 1901

date: December 13

text: December 13 – The United Kingdom, France and Italy sign an agreement to preserve, in Ethiopia, the integrity of the ancient empire of Abyssinia.

title: 1906

section: Events › November–December

date: May 26

text: May 26 – At Masjed Soleyman in southwest Persia, the first major commercial oil discovery in the Middle East is made. The rights to the resource are quickly acquired by the United Kingdom.

title: 1908

date: October 1

text: October 1 – Penny Post is established between the United Kingdom and United States.

title: 1908

section: Events › October

date: June 16

text: June 16 – The Declaration to the Seven, a British government response to a memorandum issued anonymously by seven Syrian notables, is published.

title: 1918

section: Events › June

date: November 4

text: November 4 – Stanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom again

title: 1924

section: Events › November

text: April 22 – Austria, the UK, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the United States recognize the Spanish Republic.

title: 1931

section: Events › April

date: April 13

text: April 13 – The Children and Young Persons Act is passed in the United Kingdom. This raises the age of criminal responsibility from 7 to 8, raises the minimum age for capital punishment to 18, places restrictions on the identification in the press of persons under 18 appearing in court, sets a minimum full-time working age of 14 and makes it illegal to sell tobacco products to under-16s.

title: 1933

date: August 25

text: August 25 – WWII: The first Bombing of Berlin is carried out, by the British Royal Air Force.

title: 1940

text: October 24 – The United Nations is founded by ratification of its Charter, by 29 nations including the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Canada, Egypt, Brazil, Haiti, Luxembourg, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and others.

title: 1945

section: Religion & Belief

date: June 2

text: June 2 – Elizabeth II is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, at Westminster Abbey.

title: 1953

date: August 31

text: August 31 – The Caribbean island nation of Trinidad and Tobago becomes fully independent of the United Kingdom's British Empire.

title: 1962

section: Climate & Environment

date: June 24

text: June 24 – Flooding kills six cavers in Mossdale Caverns in the United Kingdom, the single deadliest incident in British caving.

title: 1967

text: June 24 – The United Kingdom and Rhodesia sever diplomatic relations, after the Rhodesian constitutional referendum.

title: 1969

date: September 27

text: September 27 – Richard Nixon begins a tour of Europe, visiting Italy, Yugoslavia, Spain, the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

title: 1970

date: January 1

text: January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.

title: 1973

section: Science & Discovery

text: Skittles was created and released by a British company in the United Kingdom.

title: 1974

text: January 1 – Following a deal agreed during 1978, French carmaker Peugeot completes a takeover of American manufacturer Chrysler's European operations, which are based in Britain's former Rootes Group factories, as well as the former Simca factories in France.

title: 1979

date: April 17

text: April 17 – Metropolitan Police officer Yvonne Fletcher was fatally shot, during a demonstration outside the Libyan embassy in London, leading to an eleven-day siege of the embassy, and the severing of diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom and Libya.

title: 1984

text: January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.

title: 1984

section: Disasters & Accidents

text: March 12 – The National Union of Mineworkers strikes as tens of thousands of miners in the United Kingdom stop working in protest over colliery closures, starting the United Kingdom miners' strike that lasts a year.

title: 1984

text: March 3 – Full independence of Australia - Australia Act 1986: This law formally severed all legal ties between Australia and the United Kingdom.

title: 1986

text: June 21 – The Poole explosion of 1988 caused 3,500 people to be evacuated out of the town centre in the biggest peacetime evacuation the United Kingdom had seen since the World War II.

title: 1988

text: February 15 – The United Kingdom and Argentina restore diplomatic relations after 8 years. The UK had severed ties in response to Argentina's invasion of the Falkland Islands, a British Dependent Territory, in 1982.

title: 1990

text: December 11 – Tung Chee-hwa is appointed to become the new leader of Hong Kong after it reverts to Chinese rule on July 1, 1997, at the end of a 99-year lease to the United Kingdom.

title: 1996

text: July 5 – Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, is born at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, UK.

title: 1996

text: June 29 – The iPhone, the first modern smartphone, is released in the United States. It is later released in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, and Austria, in November 2007.

title: 2007

text: November 2 – In a race won by Brazilian driver Felipe Massa, British driver Lewis Hamilton ends in 5th place in 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix and becomes the first black driver to win the Formula One World Championship, and the second youngest driver to achieve the feat at the age of 23.

title: 2008

text: August 14 – The United Kingdom imposes direct rule on the Turks and Caicos Islands after an inquiry that found evidence of government corruption.

title: 2009

text: November 29 – The European Union agree to an €85 billion rescue deal for Ireland from the European Financial Stability Facility, the International Monetary Fund and bilateral loans from the United Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden.

title: 2010

text: April 8 – Death of Former United Kingdom Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

title: 2013

text: November 12 – Three Studies of Lucian Freud, a series of portraits of Lucian Freud by the British painter Francis Bacon, sells for US$142.4 million in a New York City auction, setting a world record for an auctioned work of art.

title: 2013

text: June 23 – The United Kingdom votes in a referendum to leave the European Union, triggering the so-called Brexit.

title: 2016

text: March 29 – The United Kingdom triggers Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, starting the Brexit negotiations, the talks for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union.

title: 2017

text: April 14 – Syrian Civil War: The United States, the United Kingdom and France order the bombing of Syrian military bases in response to the sarin attack allegedly by the Bashar al-Assad regime on civilians in Ghouta.

title: 2018

text: March 25 – Qantas launches direct non-stop Boeing 787 Dreamliner flights between Perth Airport and Heathrow Airport, making it the first commercially non-stop service between Australia and the United Kingdom.

title: 2018

text: July 19 – The Iranian Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps captures British tanker Stena Impero and temporarily seizes British-operated and Liberian-flagged tanker Mesdar in the Persian Gulf. The British Foreign Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, warns there will be "serious consequences" if Iran does not release the tanker.

title: 2019

text: June 3–5 – U.S. President Donald Trump makes a state visit to the U.K., meeting with Queen Elizabeth II and outgoing Prime Minister Theresa May. It is the first official state visit to the U.K. by a sitting U.S. president since 2011. Trump also attends D-Day commemorative ceremonies.

title: 2019

text: May 13 – Prosecutors in Sweden reopen the rape allegation investigation against Julian Assange. Swedish prosecutors mention their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the U.K. after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail.

title: 2019

text: December 24 – The United Kingdom and the European Union agree to a comprehensive free trade agreement prior to the end of the transition period.

title: 2020

text: June 3 – Prime Minister Boris Johnson says the UK will change immigration laws to offer a pathway to UK citizenship for all Hong Kong citizens who are eligible for BN(O) status if the government of China imposes new security laws on the territory.

title: 2020

text: May 4 – A team of British and Kenyan scientists announce the discovery of Microsporidia MB, a parasitic microbe in the Microsporidia fungi group that blocks mosquitos from carrying malaria, potentially paving the way for the control of malaria.

title: 2020

text: April 28 – The European Union approves the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, governing the relationship between the EU and UK after Brexit.

title: 2021

text: December 6 – The United States announces a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing in response to China's human rights record. Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia join shortly after.

title: 2021

text: May 6 – 2022 monkeypox outbreak: An outbreak of monkeypox begins when the first monkeypox virus case is reported in London, the United Kingdom.

title: 2022

text: September 8 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms dies at Balmoral Castle in Scotland at the age of 96. Her son Charles III succeeds her as King.

title: 2022

text: May 6 – The coronation of Charles III and Camilla as King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms is held in Westminster Abbey, London.

title: 2023

text: May 9–13 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2023 is held in Liverpool, UK. Swedish contestant Loreen wins with the song "Tattoo".

title: 2023

text: November 1 – The first AI Safety Summit takes place in the United Kingdom, with 28 countries signing a "world first agreement" on how to manage the riskiest forms of artificial intelligence.

title: 2023

text: June 24 – WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange leaves the United Kingdom after being freed from prison in a plea deal with the United States. He returns to his native Australia two days later.

title: 2024

text: January 24 – Storm Éowyn hits Ireland and the United Kingdom. Record high wind speeds of 183 kph are recorded in Ireland, while over a million homes are left without power.

title: 2025

text: September 21 – The UK, Canada, and Australia announce their formal recognition of Palestine as a sovereign state, with France also doing so the next day.

title: 2025


slug: united-nations-general-assembly

label: United Nations General Assembly

description: principal organ of the United Nations

date: November 29

text: November 29 – The United Nations General Assembly votes for the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine which will partition Mandatory Palestine between Arab and Jewish regions, resulting in the creation of the State of Israel.

title: 1947

date: December 9

text: December 9 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Genocide Convention.

title: 1948

section: Events › December

date: February 1

text: February 1 – The United Nations General Assembly declares that China is an aggressor in the Korean War, in United Nations General Assembly Resolution 498.

title: 1951

section: Events › February

date: December 8

text: December 8 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his Atoms for Peace address, to the United Nations General Assembly.

title: 1953

date: October 12

text: October 12 – Cold War: Shoe-banging incident – Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, his way of protesting the discussion of the Soviet Union's policies toward Eastern Europe.

title: 1960

date: September 29

text: September 29 – At the United Nations General Assembly, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev angrily interrupts British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, banging the desk and shouting in Russian. Macmillan drily says "I should like that to be translated, if I may".

title: 1960

section: Culture & Society

date: November 6

text: November 6 – Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.

title: 1962

date: December 11

text: December 11 – Che Guevara addresses the United Nations General Assembly. A bazooka attack is launched at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.

title: 1964

date: November 5

text: November 5 – Martial law is announced in Rhodesia. The United Nations General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82–9.

title: 1965

date: December 19

text: December 19 – The Rescue Agreement setting forth rights and obligations in outer space is voted into consensus by the United Nations General Assembly.

title: 1967

date: October 25

text: October 25 – The United Nations General Assembly admits the People's Republic of China and expels the Republic of China (or Taiwan).

title: 1971

date: November 22

text: November 22 – The United Nations General Assembly grants the Palestine Liberation Organization observer status.

title: 1974

text: January 9 – The Music for UNICEF Concert is held at the United Nations General Assembly to raise money for UNICEF and promote the Year of the Child. It is broadcast the following day in the United States and around the world. Hosted by the Bee Gees, other performers include Donna Summer, ABBA, Rod Stewart and Earth, Wind & Fire. A soundtrack album is later released.

title: 1979

date: December 16

text: December 16 – The UN General Assembly adopts UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86, repealing a previous resolution adopted in 1975 which had ruled that Zionism is a form of racism.

title: 1991

date: March 15

text: March 15 – The United Nations General Assembly votes overwhelmingly to establish the United Nations Human Rights Council.

title: 2006

section: Events › March

date: September 13

text: September 13 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

title: 2007

date: April 2

text: April 2 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Arms Trade Treaty to regulate the international trade of conventional weapons.

title: 2013


slug: united-nations-security-council

label: United Nations Security Council

description: one of the six principal organs of the UN, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security

date: January 17

text: January 17 – The United Nations Security Council holds its first session, at Church House, Westminster in London.

title: 1946

section: Events › January

date: March 13

text: March 13 – The United Nations Security Council nominates Dag Hammarskjöld from Sweden as United Nations Secretary General.

title: 1953

section: Conflict & Security

date: December 7

text: December 7 – The United Nations Security Council is called into session by the Soviet Union, in order to consider Soviet demands for the Security Council to seek the immediate release of former Congolese Premier Patrice Lumumba.

title: 1960

date: April 7

text: April 7 – The United Kingdom asks the United Nations Security Council for authority to use force to stop oil tankers that violate the embargo against Rhodesia (authority is given April 10).

title: 1966

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

date: November 23

text: November 23 – The People's Republic of China takes the Republic of China's seat on the United Nations Security Council (see China and the United Nations).

title: 1971

date: August 4

text: August 4 – The United Nations Security Council votes to censure Israel because its troops are still in Lebanon.

title: 1982

date: June 6

text: June 6 – The 1982 Lebanon War begins: Israeli forces under Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut. The United Nations Security Council votes to demand that Israel withdraw its troops from Lebanon.

title: 1982

section: Crime & Justice

date: July 31

text: July 31 – In Lebanon, Hezbollah announces that it has hanged U.S. Marine Lt. Col. William R. Higgins in retaliation for Israel's July 28 kidnapping of Hezbollah leader Abdel Karim Obeid. The same day, the United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 638, condemning the taking of hostages by both sides in the conflict.

title: 1989

date: August 6

text: August 6 – Gulf War: With United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to its invasion of Kuwait.

title: 1990

text: November 29 – Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes UN Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing military intervention in Iraq if that state does not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15, 1991.

title: 1990

date: February 21

text: February 21 – The United Nations Security Council approves Resolution 743 to send a UNPROFOR peacekeeping force to Yugoslavia.

title: 1992

date: November 8

text: November 8 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 1441, forcing Iraq to either disarm or face "serious consequences". Iraq agrees to the terms of the resolution on November 13.

title: 2002

date: April 5

text: April 5 – North Korea launches a rocket from its Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground, which it says is carrying the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite, prompting an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council.

title: 2009

date: January 1

text: January 1 – Japan, Mexico, Turkey and Uganda assume their seats on the United Nations Security Council.

title: 2009

section: Health & Medicine

date: May 25

text: May 25 – North Korea announces that it has conducted a second successful nuclear test in North Hamgyong Province. The United Nations Security Council condemns the reported test.

title: 2009

section: Events › May

date: March 17

text: March 17 – The United Nations Security Council votes 10–0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians.

title: 2011

date: April 13

text: April 13 – Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3, a North Korean Earth observation satellite, explodes shortly after launch. The United States and other countries had called the impending launch a violation of United Nations Security Council demands. The launch was planned to mark the centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the founder of the republic.

title: 2012

date: October 18

text: October 18 – Saudi Arabia rejects a seat on the United Nations Security Council, making it the first country to reject a seat on the Security Council. Jordan takes the seat on December 6.

title: 2013

date: July 21

text: July 21 – The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 2166 in response to the shootdown of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.

title: 2014

date: February 12

text: February 12 – The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 2199 to combat terrorism.

title: 2015

date: December 23

text: December 23 – The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 2334 condemning "Israeli settlements in Palestinian territories occupied since 1967".

title: 2016

section: Economy & Finance

date: December 22

text: December 22 – The UN Security Council votes 15–0 in favor of additional sanctions on North Korea, including measures to slash the country's petroleum imports by up to 90%.

title: 2017

text: March 17 – The International Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant for Russian president Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova, Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights, marking the first arrest warrant against a leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

title: 2023

date: March 25

text: March 25 – The UN Security Council passes a resolution calling for an "immediate ceasefire" in the Gaza war and demanding the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

title: 2024


slug: united-nations

label: United Nations

description: global international and intergovernmental organization

date: June 5

text: June 5 – Shastri Yagnapurushdas consecrates the murtis of both Sahajanand Swami and Gunatitanand Swami in a single central shrine, thus establishing the Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha, later a United Nations affiliate organization.

title: 1907

section: Events › June

date: August 21

text: August 21 – The Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the United Nations.

title: 1944

section: Events › August

section: Technology & Infrastructure

date: August 15

text: August 15 – The Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization is founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1945

date: October 16

text: October 16 – The Food and Agriculture Organization is established at a meeting in Quebec City as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1945

section: Events › October

date: October 24

text: October 24 – The United Nations is founded by ratification of its Charter, by 29 nations including the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Canada, Egypt, Brazil, Haiti, Luxembourg, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and others.

title: 1945

date: April 18

text: April 18 – The League of Nations, in its last meeting, transfers its mission to the United Nations and disbands itself.

title: 1946

date: December 14

text: December 14 – The International Labour Organization becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1946

date: January 10

text: January 10 – The first meeting of the United Nations is held, at Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London.

title: 1946

date: November 4

text: November 4 – UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1946

section: Events › November

text: October 16 – The United Nations' first meeting in Long Island is held.

title: 1946

date: November 15

text: November 15 – The International Telecommunication Union becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1947

date: September 30

text: September 30 – Pakistan and Yemen join the United Nations.

title: 1947

section: Events › September

date: December 7

text: December 7 – The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is established as a United Nations agency.

title: 1949

text: January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2026

title: 1949

date: February

text: February – The Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery of the United Nations is formally inaugurated with its first meeting at Lake Success in February 1950.

title: 1950

text: November 4 – The United Nations ends the diplomatic isolation of Spain.

title: 1950

date: December 20

text: December 20 – The World Meteorological Organization becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1951

date: July 28

text: July 28 – Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a multilateral treaty of the United Nations, is signed at a special conference in Geneva, defining the status of refugees and setting out the basis for granting right of asylum, coming into force on 22 April 1954.

title: 1951

section: Events › July

date: October 14

text: October 14 – The United Nations begins work in the new United Nations building in New York City, designed by Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer.

title: 1952

section: Events › September–October

date: September 15

text: September 15 – The United Nations cedes Eritrea to Ethiopia.

title: 1952

date: September 18

text: September 18 – The Soviet Union vetoes Japan's application for membership in the United Nations.

title: 1952

date: October 6

text: October 6 – UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, is made a permanent specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1953

date: April 22

text: April 22 – The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees comes into force, defining the status of refugees and setting out the basis for granting right of asylum.

title: 1954

section: Births

date: November 17

text: November 17 – Steve Chalke, British Baptist minister, founder of Oasis Charitable Trust, UN Special Adviser on Human Trafficking and social activist

title: 1955

section: Births › November

date: December 12

text: December 12 – Japan becomes a member of the United Nations.

title: 1956

date: November 7

text: November 7 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to withdraw their troops from Arab lands immediately.

title: 1956

date: November 20

text: November 20 – The Declaration of the Rights of the Child is adopted by the United Nations.

title: 1959

date: December 4

text: December 4 – The admission of Mauritania to the United Nations is vetoed by the Soviet Union.

title: 1960

date: November 14

text: November 14 – Belgium threatens to leave the United Nations over criticism of its policy concerning the Republic of the Congo.

title: 1960

date: November 22

text: November 22 – The United Nations supports the government of Joseph Kasavubu and Joseph Mobutu in the Republic of the Congo.

title: 1960

date: February 15

text: February 15 – United States President John F. Kennedy warns the Soviet Union to avoid interfering with the United Nations' pacification of the Congo.

title: 1961

date: November 11

text: November 11 – Congolese soldiers murder 13 Italian United Nations pilots.

title: 1961

date: November 24

text: November 24 – The World Food Programme (WFP) is formed as a temporary United Nations program.

title: 1961

text: December 30 – United Nations troops occupy the last rebel positions in Katanga; Moise Tshombe moves to South Rhodesia.

title: 1962

text: December 20 – The World Food Programme is made a permanent agency of the United Nations.

title: 1965

text: December 21 – The United Nations adopts the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

title: 1965

text: November 22 – The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1965

text: October 4 – Pope Paul VI makes the first papal visit to the United States. He appears for a Mass in Yankee Stadium and makes a speech at the United Nations.

title: 1965

text: September 21 – Gambia, Maldives and Singapore are admitted as members of the United Nations.

title: 1965

text: October 17 – Lesotho and Botswana are admitted to the United Nations.

title: 1966

text: June 10 – Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a United Nations-mediated cease-fire.

title: 1967

text: February 26 – Secretary General U Thant signs the United Nations proclamation of the March equinox (March 21) as Earth Day.

title: 1971

text: December 15 – The United Nations Environment Programme is established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1972

text: December 8 – International Human Rights Day is proclaimed by the United Nations.

title: 1972

text: October 26 – The United Nations recognizes the independence of Guinea-Bissau.

title: 1973

text: September 18 – The two German Republics, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), are admitted to the United Nations.

title: 1973

text: December 17 – The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1974

text: November 10 – United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379: By a vote of 72–35 (with 32 abstentions), the United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism. The resolution provokes an outcry among Zionists. It is repealed in 1991.

title: 1975

text: September 16 – Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe join the United Nations.

title: 1975

text: January 27 – The United States vetoes a United Nations resolution that calls for an independent Palestinian state.

title: 1976

text: December 20 – Djibouti and Vietnam join the United Nations.

title: 1977

text: November 30 – The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

title: 1977

text: September 21 – The first International Day of Peace is proclaimed by the United Nations.

title: 1982

text: March 5 – Iran accuses Iraq of using chemical weapons; the United Nations condemns their use on March 30.

title: 1984

text: July 11 – World population is estimated to have reached five billion people, according to the United Nations.

title: 1987

text: February 17 – U.S. Lieutenant Colonel William R. Higgins, serving with a United Nations group monitoring a truce in southern Lebanon, is kidnapped (and later killed by his captors).

title: 1988

text: September 29–30 – The United Nations World Summit for Children draws more than 70 world leaders to United Nations Headquarters.

title: 1990

text: December 3 – UN Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, tasked with ensuring that humanitarian aid gets distributed and establishing peace in Somalia.

title: 1992

text: April 8 – The Republic of Macedonia is admitted to the United Nations under a provisional reference "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".

title: 1993

text: October 11–28 – The UNMIH is prevented from entering Haiti by its military-led regime. On October 18, United Nations economic sanctions (abolished in August) are reinstated. U.S. President Bill Clinton sends 6 American warships to enforce them.

title: 1993

text: February 13 – Twenty-one Bosnian Serb commanders are charged with genocide and crimes against humanity in the United Nations' International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, a tribunal on human rights violations during the Wars in the Balkans.

title: 1995

text: April 18 – Qana massacre: Over 100 Lebanese civilians are killed after Israel shells the United Nations compound in Qana.

title: 1996

text: September 24 – U.S. president Bill Clinton signs the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.

title: 1996

text: December 11 – The Kyoto Protocol is adopted by a United Nations committee.

title: 1997

text: September 2 – A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide, marking the first time that the 1948 law banning genocide is enforced.

title: 1998

text: April 5 – Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 are handed over to Scottish authorities for eventual trial in the Netherlands. The United Nations suspends sanctions against Libya.

title: 1999

text: June 12 – Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian/Operation Agricola begins: NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping forces KFOR enter Kosovo, Yugoslavia.

title: 1999

text: September 14 – Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.

title: 1999

text: August 26–September 4 – Earth Summit 2002 takes places in Johannesburg, South Africa, aimed at discussing sustainable development by the United Nations.

title: 2002

text: January 16 – The United Nations and Sierra Leone create a joint Special Court for Sierra Leone to prosecute the Revolutionary United Front.

title: 2002

text: September 27 – East Timor is admitted to the United Nations as the 191st member state; it also changes its official longform name from "Democratic Republic of East Timor" to "Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste".

title: 2002

text: November 23 – North Korea shells Yeonpyeong Island, prompting a military response by South Korea. The incident causes an escalation of tension on the Korean Peninsula and prompts widespread international condemnation. The United Nations declares it to be one of the most serious incidents since the end of the Korean War.

title: 2010

text: July 14 – South Sudan joins the United Nations as the 193rd member.

title: 2011

text: July 20 – The United Nations declares a famine in southern Somalia, the first in over 30 years.

title: 2011

text: March 31 – The United Nations International Court of Justice rules that Japan's Antarctic whaling program is not scientific but commercial and forbids grants of further permits.

title: 2014

text: January 16 – The International Atomic Energy Agency announces that Iran has adequately dismantled its nuclear weapons program, allowing the United Nations to lift sanctions immediately.

title: 2016

text: March 10 – The UN warns that the world is facing the largest humanitarian crisis since World War II, with up to 20 million people at risk of starvation and famine in Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan and Nigeria.

title: 2017

text: April 8 – COVID-19 pandemic: The Saudi–led coalition declares a unilateral ceasefire in its operations against Houthi forces in Yemen in accordance with United Nations-led efforts.

title: 2020

text: January 5 – Second Libyan Civil War: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announces the deployment of Turkish troops to Libya on behalf of the United Nations-backed Government of National Accord.

title: 2020

text: May 14 – NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg says the military alliance is "ready to support" the UN-recognized Government of National Accord in Libya while Greece, a member state of NATO, strongly criticizes Stoltenberg's remarks, saying his recognition of the "Muslim Brotherhood government" does not reflect the positions of the military alliance.

title: 2020

text: May 14 – The UN warns of a global mental health crisis caused by isolation, fear, uncertainty and economic turmoil.

title: 2020

text: April 7 – The UN votes by 93–24 to suspend Russia from the Human Rights Council, with 58 countries abstaining.

title: 2022

text: July 22 – 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russia and Ukraine sign the Black Sea Grain Initiative, an agreement brokered by Turkey and the United Nations to facilitate the shipment of grain exports and reduce soaring global food prices.

title: 2022

text: September 1 – The UN releases a report stating that the Chinese government's Xinjiang internment camps and treatment of Uyghurs may constitute crimes against humanity.

title: 2022

text: November 6 – Gaza war: The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 10,000. United Nations Secretary General António Guterres calls for a humanitarian ceasefire to increase the flow of aid to civilians.

title: 2023

text: March 14 – The United Nations estimates that at least 56% of Palestinian civilians killed in the Gaza war were women and children.

title: 2024

text: November 25 – A report published by the United Nations shows that Indonesian capital Jakarta has surpassed Japanese capital Tokyo as the world's largest city, with a population of 42 million people.

title: 2025


slug: united-states-air-force

label: United States Air Force

description: air service branch of the United States Armed Forces

date: July 27

text: July 27 – Joseph Kittinger, American colonel, U.S. Air Force pilot (d. 2022)

title: 1928

section: Births › July

text: October 14 – United States Air Force test pilot Captain Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 rocket plane faster than the speed of sound, the first time it has been accomplished.

title: 1947

date: September

text: The National Security Act of 1947 becomes effective on this day, creating the United States Air Force, National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency.

title: 1947

date: May 26

text: May 26 – The United States Congress passes Public Law 557 which permanently establishes the Civil Air Patrol as the auxiliary of the United States Air Force.

title: 1948

date: November 8

text: November 8 – Korean War: While in an F-80, United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown intercepts 2 North Korean MiG-15s near the Yalu River and shoots them down, in the first jet-to-jet dogfight in history.

title: 1950

section: Disasters & Accidents

date: December 20

text: December 20 – The crash of a United States Air Force C-124 Globemaster at Moses Lake, WA kills 86 servicemen.

title: 1952

section: Events › November–December

date: August 23

text: August 23 – A United States Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules makes its first flight at Burbank, California, manufactured by Lockheed Martin.

title: 1954

date: March 22

text: March 22 – A United States Air Force Boeing C-97 disappears somewhere over the Pacific Ocean near the coast of Japan. All 67 people and the aircraft remain missing to this day.

title: 1957

section: Events › March

date: March 2

text: March 2 – Vietnam War: Operation Rolling Thunder – The United States Air Force 2nd Air Division, United States Navy and South Vietnamese air force begin a 3-year aerial bombardment campaign against North Vietnam.

title: 1965

section: Events › March–April

date: September 20

text: September 20 – Vietnam War: An USAF F-104 Starfighter piloted by Captain Philip Eldon Smith is shot down by a Chinese MiG-19 Farmer. The pilot is held until March 15, 1973.

title: 1965

date: November 21

text: November 21 – Vietnam War – Operation Ivory Coast: A joint Air Force and Army team raids the 4Sơn Tây prison camp in an attempt to free American prisoners of war thought to be held there (no Americans are killed, but the prisoners have already moved to another camp; all U.S. POWs are moved to a handful of central prison complexes as a result of this raid).

title: 1970

date: January 18

text: January 18 – 1982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash: Four Northrop T-38 aircraft of the United States Air Force crash at Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, Nevada, killing all 4 pilots.

title: 1982

section: Events › January

date: October 1

text: October 1 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Goldwater–Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the United States Department of Defense since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947.

title: 1986

date: May 13

text: May 13 – In the Philippines, gunmen kill two United States Air Force airmen near Clark Air Base on the eve of talks between the Philippines and the United States over the future of American military bases in the Philippines.

title: 1990


slug: united-states-army

label: United States Army

description: land service branch of the United States Armed Forces

date: January 1

text: January 1 – Anthony Wayne, United States Army officer, statesman and member of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1796)

title: 1745

date: July 25

text: July 25 – Henry Knox, military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, 1st United States Secretary of War (d. 1806)

title: 1750

date: October 3

text: October 3 – John Walbach, French baron and officer in the United States Army, with a military career spanning over 57 years (d. 1857)

title: 1766

date: February 20

text: February 20 – John E. Wool, general officer in the United States Army, who served during the War of 1812, Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War (d. 1869)

title: 1784

date: February 22

text: February 22 – René Edward De Russy, Brigadier General of the United States Army, Superintendent of the United States Military Academy and military engineer (d. 1865)

title: 1789

section: Conflict & Security

date: September 29

text: September 29 – The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular army, with a strength of several hundred men.

title: 1789

section: Events › July–September

section: Deaths

date: December 15

text: December 15 – Anthony Wayne, United States Army officer, statesman, and member of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1745)

title: 1796

section: Deaths › October–December

date: November 17

text: November 17 – American Old West: On the Sonoita River in modern-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan, in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.

title: 1856

section: Events › October–December

date: June 10

text: June 10 – John Walbach, French baron and officer in the United States Army, with a military career spanning over 57 years (b. 1766)

title: 1857

section: Deaths › January–June

date: January 29

text: January 29 – American Indian Wars – Bear River Massacre: The United States Army, led by General Patrick Edward Connor, massacres Chief Bear Hunter and forces of the Shoshone, in the Idaho Territory.

title: 1863

date: November 10

text: November 10 – John E. Wool, general officer in the United States Army, who served during the War of 1812, Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War (b. 1784)

title: 1869

section: Deaths › July–December

text: March 22 – The United States Army issues an order for the abandonment of Fort Kearny, Nebraska.

title: 1871

section: Events › January–March

date: January 17

text: January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the United States Army.

title: 1873

date: November 25

text: November 25 – American Indian Wars: Dull Knife Fight – In retaliation for the dramatic American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops under General Ranald S. Mackenzie sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River (Montana). The soldiers destroy all of the villagers' winter food and clothing, and then slash their ponies' throats.

title: 1876

date: August 9

text: August 9 – American Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole – Near Big Hole River, Montana, a small band of Nez Perce people who refuse government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army. The army loses 29 soldiers, and the Indians lose 89 warriors, in an Army victory.

title: 1877

date: July 18

text: July 18 – The Signal Corps of the United States Army establishes an Aviation Section, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.

title: 1914

date: November 7

text: November 7 – Peter Conover Hains, major general in the United States Army, and veteran of the American Civil War, Spanish–American War, and First World War (b. 1840)

title: 1921

section: Deaths › November–December

date: May

text: The United States Army contracts with the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School to develop the computer ENIAC.

title: 1943

section: Events › May

section: Crime & Justice

text: Expatriate American poet Ezra Pound is arrested by the Italian resistance movement but soon released by them as of no interest; on May 5 he turns himself in to the United States Army and is imprisoned as a traitor.

title: 1945

date: April 22

text: April 22 – Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings investigating the United States Army for being "soft" on Communism.

title: 1954

section: Events › April

date: July 9

text: July 9 – Lindsey Graham, American politician, lawyer, U.S. Army soldier, U.S. Senator (R-Sc.) and unsuccessful 2016 presidential candidate (d. 2026)

title: 1955

text: July 25 – The first attack helicopter company, Utility Tactical Transport Helicopter Company, of the United States Army is formed on Okinawa Island, Japan.

title: 1962

date: March 16

text: March 16 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 739, a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation chartered by the United States Military Air Transport Service, and carrying mainly United States Army personnel bound for South Vietnam, vanishes over the western Pacific Ocean, with the loss of all 107 on board (no wreckage or bodies are ever found).

title: 1962

text: November 11 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.

title: 1972


slug: united-states-attorney-general

label: United States Attorney General

description: head of the United States Department of Justice

section: Births

date: November 8

text: November 8 – William Wirt, 9th United States Attorney General (d. 1834)

title: 1772

date: August 29

text: August 29 – Richard Rush, United States Attorney General under James Madison, United States Secretary of the Treasury under President John Quincy Adams (d. 1859)

title: 1780

date: February 18

text: February 18 – William Wirt, 9th United States Attorney General (b. 1772)

title: 1834

date: December 23

text: December 23 – William Henry Moody, 35th United States Secretary of the Navy, 45th United States Attorney General and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1917)

title: 1853

section: Births › October–December

date: July 30

text: July 30 – Richard Rush, United States Attorney General under James Madison, United States Secretary of the Treasury under President John Quincy Adams (b. 1780)

title: 1859

date: July 2

text: July 2 – William Henry Moody, 35th United States Secretary of the Navy, 45th United States Attorney General, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1853)

title: 1917

section: Deaths › July–August

date: March 5

text: March 5 – A. Mitchell Palmer becomes United States Attorney General, through recess appointment.

title: 1919

date: December 24

text: December 24 – Jeff Sessions, American politician, United States Attorney General

title: 1946

section: Births › December


slug: united-states-congress

label: United States Congress

description: bicameral legislature of the United States

section: Economy & Finance

date: January 15

text: January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establishment of a national mint and decimal coinage.

title: 1782

date: March 15

text: March 15 – Newburgh Conspiracy: A potential uprising in the Continental Army stationed at Newburgh, New York, is defused, when George Washington asks the officers to support the supremacy of the United States Congress.

title: 1783

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

date: September 25

text: September 25 – The United States Congress proposes a set of 12 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, for ratification by the states. Ratification for 10 of these proposals is completed on December 5, 1791, creating the United States Bill of Rights.

title: 1789

date: February 11

text: February 11 – Two Quaker delegates petition the United States Congress for the abolition of slavery.

title: 1790

date: July 26

text: July 26 – Alexander Hamilton's Assumption Bill, giving effect to his First Report on the Public Credit, is passed in the United States Congress, allowing the federal government to assume the consolidated debts of the U.S. states.

title: 1790

date: July 7

text: July 7 – Quasi-War: The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France, sparking the war.

title: 1798

section: Events › July–December

date: November 17

text: November 17 – The United States Congress holds its first Washington, D.C., session.

title: 1800

date: February 27

text: February 27 – Washington, D.C. is placed under the jurisdiction of the United States Congress.

title: 1801

date: December 22

text: December 22 – The United States Congress passes the Embargo Act, a trade embargo on all foreign nations.

title: 1807

date: March 2

text: March 2 – The United States Congress passes the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves "into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States ... from any foreign kingdom, place, or country" (to take effect January 1, 1808).

title: 1807

date: April 4

text: April 4 – The United States Congress adopts the flag of the United States as having thirteen red and white stripes, and one star for each state (twenty), with additional stars to be added whenever a new state is added to the Union.

title: 1818

section: Events › April–June

date: January 12

text: January 12–27 – Webster–Hayne debate: In the United States Congress, Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates against Daniel Webster of Massachusetts about the question of states' rights vs. federal authority.

title: 1830

date: March 28

text: March 28 – Andrew Jackson is censured by the United States Congress (expunged in 1837).

title: 1834

date: February 28

text: February 28 – The United States Congress approves the annexation of Texas.

title: 1845

date: January 23

text: January 23 – The United States Congress establishes a uniform date for federal elections, which will henceforth be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

title: 1845

date: March 3

text: March 3 – Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state. On the same day, both houses of the U.S. Congress vote by a two-thirds majority, to override a presidential veto for the first time in history in order to pass legislation.

title: 1845

date: October 13

text: October 13 – A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the United States Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.

title: 1845

date: February 2

text: February 2 – Mexican–American War: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Mexico cedes virtually all of what becomes the Southwestern United States to the U.S. The unincorporated California Territory becomes a provisional official possession; it is never organized by the United States Congress as a territory, but directly passes the requirements for statehood in 1850.

title: 1848

text: March 3 – The United States Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act allowing the minting of two additional denominations of gold coins, the gold dollar and the double eagle.

title: 1849

date: January 29

text: January 29 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the United States Congress.

title: 1850

date: September 18

text: September 18 – The Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the United States Congress.

title: 1850

date: September 9

text: September 9 – The New Mexico Territory is organized by order of the United States Congress.

title: 1850

text: March 3 – The United States Congress appropriates $30,000 to create the U.S. Camel Corps.

title: 1855

date: July 25

text: July 25 – The Crittenden–Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union, and not to end slavery.

title: 1861

section: Events › July

text: April 22 – The United States Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864, which makes privately issued Civil War tokens illegal. An additional law is passed on June 8 to include all private coinage.

title: 1864

date: December 11

text: December 11 – The United States Congress creates the United States House Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Banking and Commerce, reducing the tasks of the House Committee on Ways and Means.

title: 1865

section: Events › December

text: March 3 – The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands.

title: 1865

section: Events › March

text: July 25 – The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the four-star rank of General of the Army (later reestablished as a five-star rank); Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank.

title: 1866

date: March 13

text: March 13 – The United States Congress overwhelmingly passes the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the first federal legislation to protect the rights of African-Americans; U.S. President Andrew Johnson vetoes the bill on March 27, and Congress overrides the veto on April 9.

title: 1866

date: May 16

text: May 16 – The United States Congress approves the minting of a nickel 5-cent coin (nickel), eliminating its predecessor, the half dime.

title: 1866

text: February 28 – The United States Congress forbids taxpayer funding of diplomatic envoys to the Holy See (Vatican), begun in 1848, and breaks off relations. Funding resumes, along with relations, in 1984.

title: 1867

section: Events › February

date: January 20

text: January 20 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.

title: 1869

section: Events › January

date: February 25

text: February 25 – Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American to sit in the U.S. Congress.

title: 1870

text: March 3 – Censorship: The United States Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.

title: 1873

text: March 1 – The United States Congress passes the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits racial discrimination in public accommodations and jury duty.

title: 1875

text: August 3 – The United States Congress passes the Immigration Act of 1882, imposing a head tax on immigrants to the U.S. and excluding undesirables.

title: 1882

text: March 22 – Polygamy is made a felony by the Edmunds Act, passed by the United States Congress.

title: 1882

text: May 1 – Fort Belknap Indian Reservation is established by the United States Congress.

title: 1888

text: April 25 – Spanish–American War: The United States declares war on Spain; the U.S. Congress announces that a state of war has existed since April 21 (later backdating this one more day to April 20).

title: 1898

text: March 2 – The United States Congress passes the Platt Amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.

title: 1901

text: April 9 – The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act is passed in the United States Congress.

title: 1909

text: January 26 – The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the United States Congress.

title: 1915

text: May 18 – WWI: The Selective Service Act passes the United States Congress, giving the President the power of conscription.

title: 1917

text: March 19 – The United States Congress establishes time zones, and approves daylight saving time (DST goes into effect on March 31).

title: 1918

text: February 26 – Grand Canyon National Park: An act of the United States Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park.

title: 1919

text: June 4 – Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the states for ratification.

title: 1919

text: October 28 – Prohibition in the United States: The United States Congress passes the Volstead Act, over President Woodrow Wilson's veto. Prohibition goes into effect on January 17, 1920, under the provisions of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

title: 1919

text: October 1 – The United States Congress grants permission for Gutzon Borglum to begin constructing Mount Rushmore National Memorial on federal land in South Dakota.

title: 1925

text: May 20 – The United States Congress passes the Air Commerce Act, licensing pilots and planes.

title: 1926

text: December 21 – The United States Congress approves the construction of Boulder Dam, later renamed Hoover Dam.

title: 1928

text: February 26 – Grand Teton National Park is established by the United States Congress.

title: 1929

text: January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wishes of U.S. President Herbert Hoover.

title: 1933

text: May 16 – President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt, addressing a joint session of the U.S. Congress, asks for an extraordinary credit of approximately $900,000,000 to finance construction of at least 50,000 airplanes per year.

title: 1940

text: January 10 – The Lend-Lease Act is introduced into the United States Congress.

title: 1941

text: January 23 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress, and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.

title: 1941

text: May 26 – The United States Congress passes Public Law 557 which permanently establishes the Civil Air Patrol as the auxiliary of the United States Air Force.

title: 1948

text: July 30 – A joint resolution of Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing "In God we trust" as the U.S. national motto.

title: 1956

text: Gunsmoke, after 12 seasons and with declining ratings, almost gets cancelled, but protests from viewers, network affiliates and even members of Congress and especially William S. Paley, the head of the network, lead the network to move the series from its longtime late Saturday time slot to early Mondays for the fall—displacing Gilligan's Island, which initially had been renewed for a fourth season but is cancelled instead. Gunsmoke would remain on CBS until 1975.

title: 1967

text: March 18 – Gold standard: The United States Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency.

title: 1968

text: January 2 – The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress.

title: 1975

text: November 19 – The United States Congress approves the Clark Amendment, ending aid to the FNLA and UNITA.

title: 1975

text: May 16 – Elizabeth II becomes the first British monarch to address the U.S. Congress during a 13-day royal visit in Washington, D.C.

title: 1991

text: September 20 – In an address to a joint session of Congress, U.S. President George W. Bush declares a war on terror, officially the global war on terrorism.

title: 2001

text: October 11 – The United States Congress approves military action in Iraq should it fail to comply with United Nations requirements for weapons of mass destruction.

title: 2002

text: January 6 – Supporters of US President Donald Trump attack the US Capitol, disrupting certification of the 2020 presidential election, and forcing both houses of Congress to evacuate. Five people die during the ensuing riot. The event is classified as a domestic terrorist attack, and draws international condemnation.

title: 2021


slug: united-states-constitution

label: United States Constitution

date: May 25

text: May 25 – In Philadelphia, delegates begin to convene the Constitutional Convention, intended to amend the Articles of Confederation (however, a new United States Constitution is eventually produced). George Washington presides over the Convention.

title: 1787

date: September 17

text: September 17 – The United States Constitution is signed by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

title: 1787

section: Events › July–September

date: April 28

text: April 28 – Maryland ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the seventh U.S. state.

title: 1788

date: February 6

text: February 6 – Massachusetts ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the sixth U.S. state.

title: 1788

section: Events › January–March

date: January 2

text: January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S. state under the new government.

title: 1788

date: January 9

text: January 9 – Connecticut ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fifth U.S. state.

title: 1788

date: July 26

text: July 26 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the eleventh U.S. state.

title: 1788

date: June 21

text: June 21 – New Hampshire ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the ninth U.S. state, enabling the Constitution to go into effect. (The latter happens on March 4, 1789, when the first Congress elected under the new Constitution assembles.)

title: 1788

date: June 25

text: June 25 – The Virginia Ratifying Convention ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the tenth U.S. state under the new government.

title: 1788

date: May 23

text: May 23 – South Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the eighth U.S. state.

title: 1788

date: March 4

text: March 4 – At Federal Hall in New York City, the 1st United States Congress meets, and declares the new United States Constitution to be in effect. The bicameral United States Congress replaces the unicameral Congress of the Confederation, as the legislature of the federal government of the United States.

title: 1789

date: November 21

text: November 21 – North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the 12th U.S. state.

title: 1789

section: Events › October–December

date: May 29

text: May 29 – Rhode Island ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the last of the 13 original states to do so.

title: 1790

date: December 15

text: December 15 – Ratification by the states of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution is completed, creating the United States Bill of Rights. Two additional amendments remain pending, and one of these is finally ratified in 1992, becoming the Twenty-seventh Amendment.

title: 1791

section: Deaths

text: September 9 – William Paterson, Irish-born American judge, signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745)

title: 1806

section: Deaths › July–December

date: March 17

text: March 17 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: Delegates adopt the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, modeled after the United States Constitution. It allows slavery, requires free blacks to petition Congress to live in the country, but prohibits the slave trade.

title: 1836

section: Religion & Belief

date: March 8

text: March 8 – McCollum v. Board of Education: The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the U.S. Constitution.

title: 1948


description: 1776 assertion of colonial America's independence from Great Britain

section: Births

date: April 19

text: April 19 – Roger Sherman, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)

title: 1721

date: October 7

text: October 7 – Caesar Rodney, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1784)

title: 1728

text: November 21 – Josiah Bartlett, second signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1795)

title: 1729

date: April 8

text: April 8 – William Williams, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1811)

title: 1731

date: September 18

text: September 18 – George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1798)

title: 1733

date: August 2

text: August 2 – Delegates of most of the American colonies sign the Declaration of Independence.

title: 1776

section: Events › July–August

date: July 4

text: July 4 – American Revolution: United States Declaration of Independence – The Continental Congress approves the declaration by the United States of its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. The text was drafted during June by Benjamin Franklin.

title: 1776

date: June 11

text: June 11 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress appoints a Committee of Five to draft a Declaration of Independence.

title: 1776

section: Events › May–June

date: January 21

text: January 21 – The Continental Congress approves a resolution "that an unauthentic copy, with names of the signers of the Declaration of independence, be sent to each of the United States.

title: 1777

date: May 16

text: May 16 – Gwinnett–McIntosh duel: Lachlan McIntosh and Button Gwinnett shoot each other during a duel near Savannah, Georgia. Gwinnett, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, dies three days later.

title: 1777

date: June 26

text: June 26 – Caesar Rodney, American lawyer, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1728)

title: 1784

date: May 19

text: May 19 – Josiah Bartlett, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1729)

title: 1795

section: Deaths › April–June

date: September 21

text: September 21 – George Read, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1733)

title: 1798

date: July 11

text: July 11 – James Smith, Irish-born American lawyer and politician, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1719)

title: 1806

text: August 2 – William Williams, Connecticut politician, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1731)

title: 1811

section: Conflict & Security

text: July 4 – Former U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.

title: 1826

date: November 14

text: November 14 – Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and U.S. Senator (b. 1737)

title: 1832

section: Culture & Society

text: July 4 – Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's mainframe computer, the origin of Project Gutenberg.

title: 1971


slug: united-states-department-of-justice

label: United States Department of Justice

description: United States federal executive department

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

date: June 22

text: June 22 – The U.S. Congress creates the United States Department of Justice.

title: 1870

section: Events › June

date: October 12

text: October 12 – The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz is acquired by the United States Department of Justice, which plans to incorporate the island into its Federal Bureau of Prisons as a penitentiary.

title: 1933

section: Events › October

section: Crime & Justice

date: December 15

text: December 15 – The United States Department of Justice indicts Alger Hiss, on two counts of perjury.

title: 1948

date: October 20

text: October 20 – The Saturday Night Massacre: U.S. President Richard Nixon orders Attorney General Elliot Richardson to dismiss Watergate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson refuses and resigns, along with Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Solicitor General Robert Bork, third in line at the Department of Justice, then fires Cox. The event prompts calls for Nixon's impeachment.

title: 1973

date: April 27

text: April 27 – The United States Department of Justice declares incumbent Austrian president Kurt Waldheim an "undesirable alien".

title: 1987

section: Events › April

section: Economy & Finance

date: May 18

text: May 18 – The Department of Justice files an antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft, alleging its Windows operating system unfairly takes market share from Netscape's Navigator.

title: 1998

section: Events › May

date: November 24

text: November 24 – A declassified report by Swiss International Olympic Committee official Marc Hodler reveals that bribes had been used to bring the 2002 Winter Olympics to Salt Lake City during bidding process in 1995. The IOC, the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, the United States Olympic Committee and the United States Department of Justice immediately launch an investigation into the scandal.

title: 1998

section: Events › November

date: January 28

text: January 28 – The U.S. Justice Department charges Chinese tech firm Huawei with multiple counts of fraud, raising U.S.–China tensions.

title: 2019

section: Technology & Infrastructure

date: April 20

text: April 20 – The Industrial Bank of Korea agrees to pay US$86 million and will enter a two-year deferred prosecution agreement to settle lawsuits with the U.S. Department of Justice and the state of New York over a 2011 scheme to help transfer US$1 billion to Iran.

title: 2020


slug: united-states-dollar

label: United States dollar

description: official currency of the United States

section: Climate & Environment

date: August 31

text: August 31 – The 7.0 Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme); 60 people are killed, and damage is estimated at $5–6 million.

title: 1886

section: Events › August

date: September 19

text: September 19 – The United Kingdom government devalues the pound sterling from $4.03 to $2.80, leading to many other currencies being devalued.

title: 1949

section: Events › September

date: November 18

text: November 18 – The UK pound is devalued from £1 = US$2.80 to £1 = US$2.40.

title: 1967

date: November 3

text: November 3 – The 1970 Bhola cyclone makes landfall in modern-day Bangladesh around high tide, causing $86.4 million in damage (1970 USD, $576 million 2020 USD) and becomes the world's deadliest storm killing over 500,000 people.

title: 1970

date: December 3

text: December 3 – The United States dollar exchange rate with the Deutsche Mark falls to 1.7079 DM, the all-time low so far; this record is not broken until November 5, 1987.

title: 1979

section: Events › December

date: November 7

text: November 7 – Typhoon Angela leaves the Philippines and Vietnam devastated, with 882 deaths and US$315 million in damage. The typhoon is the strongest to strike the Philippines in 25 years, with wind speeds of 130 mi/h km/h and gusts of 180 mi/h km/h.

title: 1995

date: March 13

text: March 13 – The United States dollar becomes the official currency of Ecuador, replacing the Ecuadorian sucre.

title: 2000

section: Events › March

date: May 4

text: May 4 – Nude, Green Leaves and Bust by Pablo Picasso sells in New York for US$106.5 million, setting another new world record for a work of art sold at auction.

title: 2010

date: November 12

text: November 12 – Three Studies of Lucian Freud, a series of portraits of Lucian Freud by the British painter Francis Bacon, sells for US$142.4 million in a New York City auction, setting a world record for an auctioned work of art.

title: 2013

date: May 11

text: May 11–12 – Version O of Les Femmes d'Alger by Pablo Picasso sells for US$179.3 million at Christie's auction in New York, while the sculpture L'Homme au doigt by Alberto Giacometti sells for US$141.3 million, setting a new world record for a painting and for a sculpture, respectively.

title: 2015

date: August 25

text: August 25–30 – Hurricane Harvey strikes the United States as a Category 4 hurricane, causing catastrophic damage to the Houston metropolitan area, mostly due to record-breaking floods. At least 108 deaths are recorded, and total damage reaches $125 billion (2017 USD), making Harvey the costliest natural disaster in United States history, tied with Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

title: 2017

section: Science & Discovery

date: June 2

text: June 2 – A US$5 billion class action lawsuit is filed against Alphabet Inc. and Google, alleging the company violates users' right to privacy by tracking them in Chrome's incognito mode.

title: 2020

date: June 9

text: June 9 – The Legislative Assembly of El Salvador passes legislation to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender in the country, becoming the first country to adopt the cryptocurrency alongside the U.S. dollar.

title: 2021

date: July 3

text: July 3 – Indian oil refiners start payments for Russian oil imports in Chinese yuan as an alternative to the US dollar due to increasing sanctions against Russia.

title: 2023

section: Events › July

date: March 29

text: March 29 – Brazil and China sign an agreement to trade in their own currencies, ceasing the usage of the United States dollar as an intermediary.

title: 2023


slug: united-states-house-of-representatives

label: United States House of Representatives

description: lower house of the United States Congress

section: Births

date: January 1

text: January 1 – Anthony Wayne, United States Army officer, statesman and member of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1796)

title: 1745

date: March 10

text: March 10 – Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1840)

title: 1777

section: Births › January–March

date: April 1

text: April 1 – At Federal Hall, the United States House of Representatives attains its first quorum, and elects congressman Frederick Muhlenberg as the first Speaker of the House.

title: 1789

section: Events › April–June

date: August 21

text: August 21 – A proposal for a Bill of Rights is adopted by the United States House of Representatives.

title: 1789

section: Events › July–September

date: February 27

text: February 27 – The Giles Resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives, asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamilton's handling of loans.

title: 1793

section: Events › January–June

section: Deaths

date: December 15

text: December 15 – Anthony Wayne, United States Army officer, statesman, and member of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1745)

title: 1796

section: Deaths › October–December

date: February 17

text: February 17 – An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved, when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.

title: 1801

section: Events › January–March

date: February 15

text: February 15 – The United States House of Representatives agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment, barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise).

title: 1819

date: February 9

text: February 9 – After no presidential candidate receives a majority of United States Electoral College votes following the 1824 United States presidential election, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams President of the United States in a contingent election.

title: 1825

date: June 21

text: June 21 – Joseph Rainey, American politician, first black person in the House of Representatives (d. 1887)

title: 1832

section: Births › May–June

date: January 5

text: January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.

title: 1846

section: Health & Medicine

date: May 22

text: May 22 – Caning of Charles Sumner: United States Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made attacking pro-slavery Southerners, especially elderly South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler, a relative of Brooks. Sumner is unable to return to duty for three years while he recovers; Brooks becomes a hero across the South.

title: 1856

date: February 24

text: February 24 – Impeachment of Andrew Johnson: Three days after his action to dismiss United States Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, the United States House of Representatives votes 126–47 in favor of a resolution to impeach Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, the first of three Presidents to be impeached by the full House. Johnson is later acquitted by the United States Senate.

title: 1868

section: Events › February

date: November 4

text: November 4 – Democrats gain control of the United States House of Representatives for the first time since 1860.

title: 1874

text: December 3 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt delivers a 20,000-word speech to the United States House of Representatives asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits".

title: 1901

date: March 17

text: March 17 – Progressive Republicans in the United States House of Representatives rebel against Speaker Joseph Gurney Cannon, removing him from the Rules Committee and stripping him of his power to appoint committee chairmen.

title: 1910

date: April

text: Isidor Straus, German American department store owner (Macy's) and member of United States House of Representatives (b. 1845)

title: 1912

section: Deaths › April

date: January 12

text: January 12 – The United States House of Representatives rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.

title: 1915

section: Events › January

text: November 7 – Republican Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives.

title: 1916

date: March 4

text: March 4 – Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives.

title: 1917

date: February 3

text: February 3 – P.L. Prattis becomes the first African American news correspondent allowed in the United States House of Representatives and Senate press galleries.

title: 1947

date: June 23

text: June 23 – The United States Senate follows the House of Representatives, in overriding President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft–Hartley Act.

title: 1947

section: Conflict & Security

date: November 24

text: November 24 – McCarthyism: The United States House of Representatives votes 346–17 to approve citations of Contempt of Congress against the "Hollywood Ten", after the screenwriters and directors refuse to co-operate with the House Un-American Activities Committee concerning allegations of communist influences in the movie business. The ten men are blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios on the following day.

title: 1947

date: July 31

text: July 31 – American defector Elizabeth Bentley, previously working on behalf of the Soviet Union, appears under subpoena before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of the United States House of Representatives regarding Communist espionage; she implicates Whittaker Chambers.

title: 1948

date: March 1

text: March 1 – U.S. Capitol shooting incident: Four Puerto Rican nationalists open fire in the United States House of Representatives chamber and wound 5; they are apprehended by security guards.

title: 1954

date: October 6

text: October 6 – Steve Scalise, House Majority Whip and U.S. Representative of Louisiana's 1st district

title: 1965

section: Births › October

date: December 6

text: December 6 – The United States House of Representatives votes 387–35 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States; he is sworn in the same day.

title: 1973

date: December 5

text: December 5 – Ben McAdams, American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021 in Utah

title: 1974

section: Births › December

date: December

text: Mia Love, American political commentator and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019 in Utah, the first and to date only black woman elected to congress as a republican

title: 1975

date: November 8

text: November 8 – "Republican Revolution": Georgia Representative Newt Gingrich leads the United States Republican Party in taking control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secure control of both houses of Congress. George W. Bush is elected Governor of Texas.

title: 1994

date: January 4

text: January 4 – Nancy Pelosi becomes the first female speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

title: 2007

date: November 13

text: November 13 – Public impeachment hearings against U.S. President Donald Trump begin in the House of Representatives.

title: 2019

date: October 3

text: October 3 – Elected on January 8, Kevin McCarthy is removed as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, with Mike Johnson being elected new Speaker on October 25.

title: 2023


slug: united-states-marine-corps

label: United States Marine Corps

description: maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

date: November 10

text: November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the Continental Marines to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April 1783 but reformed on July 11, 1798 as the United States Marine Corps).

title: 1775

section: Events › July–December

date: July 11

text: July 11 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established under its present name.

title: 1798

section: Exploration & Expansion

date: June 10

text: June 10 – United States expedition to Korea: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 members of the United States Marine Corps in a punitive naval attack on the Han River forts on Ganghwa Island in Korea, resulting in 250 Koreans dying and diplomatic failure to "open up" Korea.

title: 1871

date: January 17

text: January 17 – Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii: Lorrin A. Thurston and the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety in Hawaii, with the intervention of the United States Marine Corps, overthrow the government of Queen Liliuokalani.

title: 1893

date: August 15

text: August 15 – The United States Marine Corps leaves Haiti.

title: 1934

section: Events › July–August

date: February

text: Battle of Iwo Jima: A group of United States Marines reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island, and are photographed raising the American flag. The photo, Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (taken by Joe Rosenthal), later wins a Pulitzer Prize.

title: 1945

date: February 19

text: February 19 – WWII: Battle of Iwo Jima – About 30,000 United States Marines land on Iwo Jima.

title: 1945

section: Crime & Justice

date: August 29

text: August 29 – Two U.S. Marines are killed by mortar blast in Beirut, marking the first U.S. combat fatalities of the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

title: 1983

section: Events › August

date: October 23

text: October 23 – Beirut barracks bombing: Simultaneous suicide truck-bombings destroy both the French Army and United States Marine Corps barracks in Beirut, killing 241 U.S. servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and 6 Lebanese civilians.

title: 1983

section: Events › October

date: June 2

text: June 2 – A United States Air Force F-16 piloted by Captain Scott O'Grady is shot down over Bosnia and Herzegovina while patrolling the NATO no-fly zone. O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines six days later.

title: 1995

section: Events › June