date: April 28

text: April 28 – James Baker, former United States Secretary of State and United States Secretary of the Treasury


date: May 13

section: Births

text: May 13 – Mike Gravel, American politician, former Senator of Alaska and Presidential candidate (d. 2021)

source_section: Births › May


date: June 27

text: June 27 – Ross Perot, American business magnate, billionaire, politician, and philanthropist (d. 2019)

source_section: Births › June


date: July 7

text: July 7 – Theodore McCarrick, American Roman Catholic former cardinal (d. 2025)

source_section: Births › July


date: July 15

text: July 15 – Jacques Derrida, Algerian-born French literary critic (d. 2004)


date: August 5

text: August 5 – Neil Armstrong, American astronaut, first human to set foot on the Moon, commander of Apollo 11 (d. 2012)

source_section: Births › August


date: October 10

text: October 10 – Harold Pinter, English playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)

source_section: Births › October


date: December 2

text: December 2 – Gary Becker, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)

source_section: Births › December


date: January 19

section: Deaths

text: January 19 – Frank Ramsey, British philosopher, mathematician and economist (b. 1903)

source_section: Deaths › January – February


date: February 26

text: February 26 – Rafael Merry del Val, British-born Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal and Servant of God (b. 1865)


date: March 16

text: March 16 – Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish military officer, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1870)

source_section: Deaths › March – April


date: March 19

text: March 19 – Arthur Balfour, British politician and statesman, 48th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)


date: April 1

text: April 1 – Cosima Wagner, wife and inspiration of Richard Wagner (b. 1837)


text: May 13 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1861)

source_section: Deaths › May – June


date: May 25

text: May 25 – Randall Davidson, English clergyman, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1848)


date: July 8

text: July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)

source_section: Deaths › July– August


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Mary Harrison McKee, de facto First Lady of the United States (b. 1858)

source_section: Deaths › September– October


date: November 5

text: November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, pathologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1858)

source_section: Deaths › November – December


date: November 20

text: November 20 – Sir Neville Howse, Australian politician and recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1863)


date: November 30

text: November 30 – Mary Harris Jones, Irish-born American labor leader (b. 1837)


date: November

text: November – Alfred Wegener, German geophysicist, meteorologist (b. 1880)


date: December 9

text: December 9 – Andrew "Rube" Foster, American Negro league baseball player (b. 1879)


date: January 22

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: January 22 – Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.

source_section: Events › January


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Mohandas Gandhi is again released from imprisonment in India.


date: January 27

text: January 27 – Pierre Laval forms a government in France.


date: February 4

text: February 4 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gives a speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong industrialized countries will win wars, while "weak" nations are "beaten". Stalin states: "We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us." The first five-year plan in the Soviet Union is intensified, for the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.

source_section: Events › February


date: February 16

text: February 16 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud is elected president of Finland.


date: February 19

text: February 19 – The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia is dissolved and reformed as the Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, an autonomous republic of Soviet Georgia, resulting in public protests.


date: March 5

text: March 5 – The British viceroy of India and Mohandas Gandhi sign the Gandhi–Irwin Pact.

source_section: Events › March


date: March 7

text: March 7 – The Finnish Parliament House opens in Helsinki, Finland.


date: April 14

text: April 14 – The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed in Madrid. Meanwhile, as a result of the victory of the Republican Left of Catalonia, Francesc Macià proclaims in Barcelona the Catalan Republic, as a state of the Iberian Federation.

source_section: Events › April


date: April 17

text: April 17 – After the negotiations between the republican ministers of Spain and Catalonia, the Catalan Republic becomes the Generalitat of Catalonia, a Catalan autonomous government inside the Spanish Republic.


date: April 22

text: April 22 – Austria, the UK, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the United States recognize the Spanish Republic.


date: May 4

text: May 4 – Kemal Atatürk is re-elected president of Turkey.

source_section: Events › May


date: May 13

text: May 13 – Paul Doumer is elected president of France.


date: July 10

text: July 10 – Norway issues a royal proclamation claiming the uninhabited part of eastern Greenland as Erik the Red's Land.

source_section: Events › July


date: July 16

text: July 16 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first Constitution of Ethiopia.


date: August 9

text: August 9 – A referendum in Prussia for dissolving the Landtag ends with the "yes" side winning 37% of the vote, which is insufficient for calling the early elections. The elections are intended to remove the Social Democratic Party (SPD) government of Otto Braun. Supporting the "yes" side were the NSDAP, the DNVP and the Communist Party (KPD), while supporting the "no" side were the SPD and Zentrum.

source_section: Events › August


date: August 24

text: August 24 – The Labour Government of Ramsay MacDonald resigns in Britain, replaced by a National Government of people drawn from all parties, also under MacDonald.


date: September 7

text: September 7 – The Second Round Table Conference on the constitutional future of India opens in London; Mahatma Gandhi represents the Indian National Congress.

source_section: Events › September


date: November 7

text: November 7 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed by Mao Zedong.

source_section: Events › November


date: December 9

text: December 9 – The Spanish Constituent Cortes approves the Spanish Constitution of 1931, effectively establishing the Second Spanish Republic.

source_section: Events › December


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Niceto Alcalá-Zamora is elected president of the Spanish Republic.


date: December 11

text: December 11 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom enacts the Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the Commonwealth of Australia, Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand and the Union of South Africa.


date: December 13

text: December 13 – Wakatsuki Reijirō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan.


date: December 19

text: December 19 – The UAP/Country Coalition, led by Joseph Lyons, defeats the Australian Labor Government, led by Prime Minister James Scullin. Coming in the aftermath of two splits in the Labor Party, the election comes about due to the defeat of the Scullin government on the floor of the House of Representatives – to date, it is the last federal election where a one-term government was defeated. Lyons will be sworn in January 6th the following year, but not before disbanding the Coalition, after the UAP wins enough seats to form a government in its own right.


date: February 21

section: Conflict & Security

text: February 21 – Peruvian revolutionaries hijack a Ford Trimotor aeroplane, and demand that the pilot drop propaganda leaflets over Lima.


date: April 6

text: April 6 – The Portuguese government declares martial law in Madeira and in the Azores, because of the Madeira uprising in Funchal.


date: April 15

text: April 15 – Assassination of Giuseppe (Joe the Boss) Masseria, New York City Mafia boss.


date: May 14

text: May 14 – Ådalen shootings: Five people are killed in Ådalen, Sweden, when soldiers open fire on an unarmed trade union demonstration.


date: May 15

text: May 15 – The Chinese Communists inflict a sharp defeat on the Kuomintang forces.


date: May 31

text: May 31 – The Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet ends in the defeat of the Kuomintang.


date: June 5

text: June 5 – Anti-Chinese rioting occurs in Pyongyang. Approximately 127 Chinese people are killed, 393 wounded, and a considerable number of properties are destroyed by Korean residents.

source_section: Events › June


date: June 19

text: June 19 – The Geneva Convention (1929) relative to the treatment of prisoners of war enters into force.


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Royal soldiers shoot and kill 22 people demonstrating against the Maharaja Hari Singh, of the Indian princely state of Kashmir and Jammu.


date: September 18

text: September 18 – The Japanese military stages the Mukden Incident, an explosion blamed on Chinese dissidents and used as a pretext for the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.


date: September 20

text: September 20 – Held at gunpoint, the Chinese commander of Kirin province announces the annexation of that territory to Japan.


date: October 11

text: October 11 – A rally in Bad Harzburg, Germany leads to the Harzburg Front being founded, uniting the NSDAP, the DNVP, the Stahlhelm and various other right-wing factions.

source_section: Events › October


date: October 5

section: Exploration & Expansion

text: October 5 – American aviators Clyde Edward Pangborn and Hugh Herndon Jr., complete the first non-stop flight across the Pacific Ocean, flying their plane, Miss Veedol, from Misawa, Japan, to East Wenatchee, Washington, in 41½ hours.


section: Religion & Belief

text: May 15 – Pope Pius XI issues the encyclical Quadragesimo anno, on the "reconstruction of the social order".


date: December 5

text: December 5 – The original Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow (1883) is demolished, by order of Joseph Stalin.


date: May 11

section: Economy & Finance

text: May 11 – The Creditanstalt, Austria's largest bank, goes bankrupt, beginning the banking collapse in Central Europe that causes a worldwide financial meltdown.


text: June 5 – German Chancellor Heinrich Brüning visits London, where he warns British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald that the collapse of the Austrian banking system, caused by the bankruptcy of the Creditanstalt, has left the entire German banking system on the verge of collapse.


text: June 19 – In an attempt to stop the banking crisis in Central Europe from causing a worldwide financial meltdown, U.S. President Herbert Hoover issues the Hoover Moratorium.


date: September 19

text: September 19 – The United Kingdom abandons the gold standard.


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Carl Friedrich Goerdeler is appointed Reich Price Commissioner, in Germany to enforce the deflationary policies of the Brüning government.


date: March 11

section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: March 11 – The Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR programme, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union.


date: April 25

text: April 25 – The automobile manufacturer Porsche is founded by Ferdinand Porsche in Stuttgart.


date: May 1

text: May 1 – Construction of the Empire State Building is completed in New York City.


date: June 23

text: June 23–July 1 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane, flying eastabout from Roosevelt Field, New York, in 8 days, 15 hours, 51 minutes.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – The rebuilt Milano Centrale railway station officially opens in Italy.


date: July 9

text: July 9 – Irish racing driver Kaye Don breaks the world water speed record at Lake Garda, Italy.


date: October 24

text: October 24 – The George Washington Bridge across the Hudson River in the United States is dedicated; it opens to traffic the following day. At 3500 ft m, it nearly doubles the previous record for the longest main span in the world.


date: November 7

text: November 7 – Red China News Agency (a predecessor of the Xinhua News Agency) is officially founded, and news wire service start in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, China.


date: January 2

section: Science & Discovery

text: January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics.


date: January 4

text: January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa.


date: November 26

text: November 26 – Heavy hydrogen, later named deuterium, is discovered by American chemist Harold Urey.


date: April 1

section: Health & Medicine

text: April 1 – The Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet in China is launched by the Kuomintang government, to destroy the Communist forces in Jiangxi Province.


date: March 23

section: Crime & Justice

text: March 23 – Indian revolutionary leaders Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for conspiracy to murder in the British Raj.


date: August 2

text: August 2 – Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck: Two Berlin police officers are killed by Communists.


date: November 8

text: November 8 – French police launch a large-scale raid against Corsican bandits.


date: June 14

section: Disasters & Accidents

text: June 14 – Saint-Philibert disaster: The overloaded pleasure craft Saint-Philibert, carrying trippers home to Nantes from the Île de Noirmoutier, sinks at the mouth of the River Loire in France; over 450 drown.


date: March 31

section: Climate & Environment

text: March 31 – An earthquake destroys Managua, Nicaragua, killing 2,000 people.


date: June

text: June–November – 1931 China flood: the Yangtze and Huai Rivers flood in a populous region, leaving an estimated 422,000 dead (150,000 drowned) with many more dying of consequential starvation and disease in the aftermath.


date: July 20

text: July 20 – A violent tornado strikes the city of Lublin, Poland.


date: September 10

text: September 10 – The worst hurricane in British Honduras history kills an estimated 1,500.


date: October 27

text: October 27 – The United Kingdom general election results in the victory of the National Government, and the defeat of Labour Party, in the country's greatest ever electoral landslide.


text: November 8 – The Panama Canal is closed for a couple of weeks, due to damage caused by earthquakes.


date: January 30

section: Culture & Society

text: January 30 – Charlie Chaplin comedy drama film City Lights receives its public premiere at the Los Angeles Theater with Albert Einstein as guest of honor. Contrary to the current trend in cinema, it is a silent film, but with a score by Chaplin. Critically and commercially successful from the start, it will place consistently in lists of films considered the best of all time.


date: February 10

text: February 10 – Official inauguration ceremonies for New Delhi as the capital of India begin.


date: February 18

text: February 18 – Toni Morrison, African-American writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2019)

source_section: Births › February


date: March 2

text: March 2 – Mikhail Gorbachev, the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2022)

source_section: Births › March


date: March 11

text: March 11 – Rupert Murdoch, Australian-born publisher


date: March 22

text: March 22 – William Shatner, Canadian actor and science fiction novelist (Star Trek)


date: March 26

text: March 26 – Leonard Nimoy, American actor, film director (Star Trek), and singer (d. 2015)


date: April 6

text: April 6 – Suchitra Sen, Bengali actress (d. 2014)

source_section: Births › April


date: April 15

text: April 15 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish poet, translator and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2015)


date: June 25

text: June 25 – V. P. Singh, Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)

source_section: Births › June


date: July 10

text: July 10 – Alice Munro, Canadian writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2024)

source_section: Births › July


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Roger Penrose, English mathematical physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

source_section: Births › August


date: October 7

text: October 7 – Desmond Tutu, South African Anglican archbishop, activist and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2021)

source_section: Births › October


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Charles Colson, American politician, Watergate conspirator, later evangelist (d. 2012)


date: October 31

text: October 31 – Dan Rather, American television news reporter (CBS Evening News)


date: November 6

text: November 6 – Mike Nichols, German-American television actor, writer and director (d. 2014)

source_section: Births › November


date: January 3

text: January 3 – Joseph Joffre, French World War I general (b. 1852)

source_section: Deaths › January


date: January 4

text: January 4 – Roger Connor, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857)


text: January 4 – Louise, Princess Royal, British royal, eldest daughter of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)


date: March 23

text: March 23 – Bhagat Singh, Indian revolutionary (b. 1907)

source_section: Deaths › March


date: March 25

text: March 25 – Ida B. Wells, African-American anti-lynching crusader (b. 1862)


date: April 4

text: April 4 – André Michelin, French industrialist and originator of Michelin Guides (born 1854)

source_section: Deaths › April


date: May 9

text: May 9 – Albert A. Michelson, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)

source_section: Deaths › May


date: May 14

text: May 14 – David Belasco, American Broadway impresario, theater owner and playwright (b. 1853)


date: June 4

text: June 4 – Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, Arab nationalist

source_section: Deaths › June


date: August 26

text: August 26 – Hamaguchi Osachi, Japanese politician, 27th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1870)

source_section: Deaths › August


date: September 19

text: September 19 – David Starr Jordan, American ichthyologist, educator, eugenicist, and peace activist (b. 1851)

source_section: Deaths › September


date: October 3

text: October 3 – Carl Nielsen, Danish composer (b. 1865)

source_section: Deaths › October


text: November 6 – Jack Chesbro, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1874)

source_section: Deaths › November


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Melvil Dewey, American librarian, inventor of the Dewey Decimal Classification (b. 1851)

source_section: Deaths › December


date: January 12

text: January 12 – Hattie W. Caraway of Arkansas becomes the first woman to be elected to the United States Senate, succeeding her late husband, Thaddeus Caraway, in a special election,

source_section: Events › January


date: February 2

text: February 2 – A general World Disarmament Conference begins in Geneva. The principal issue at the conference is the demand made by Germany for Gleichberechtigung ("equality of status" i.e. abolishing Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, which had disarmed Germany) and the French demand for sécurité ("security" i.e. maintaining Part V).

source_section: Events › February


date: February 18

text: February 18 – Japan declares Manchukuo (Japanese name for Manchuria) formally independent from China.


date: February 25

text: February 25 – Adolf Hitler obtains German citizenship by naturalization, opening the opportunity for him to run in the 1932 German presidential election.


date: April 11

text: April 11 – 1932 German presidential election: Paul von Hindenburg is re-elected as Reichspräsident, defeating Hitler.

source_section: Events › April


date: May 6

text: May 6 – The politically powerful General Kurt von Schleicher meets secretly with Adolf Hitler. Schleicher tells Hitler that he is scheming to bring down the Brüning government in Germany and asks for Nazi support of the new "presidential government" Schleicher is planning to form. Schleicher and Hitler negotiate a "gentlemen's agreement" where in exchange for lifting the ban on the SA and SS and having the Reichstag dissolved for early elections this summer, the Nazis will support Schleicher's new chancellor.

source_section: Events › May


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Albert Lebrun becomes the new president of France.


date: May 13

text: May 13 – The Premier of New South Wales, Jack Lang, is dismissed by the State Governor, Sir Philip Game.


date: May 26

text: May 26 – Judgement in Donoghue v Stevenson handed down in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, creating the modern concept of a duty of care in British law.


date: May 30

text: May 30 – German chancellor Heinrich Brüning is dismissed by President von Hindenburg. President Hindenburg asks Franz von Papen to form a new government, known as the "Government of the President's Friends", which is openly dedicated to the destruction of democracy and the Weimar Republic. The downfall of Brüning is largely the work of Schleicher, who has been scheming against him since the beginning of May. Schleicher takes the position of Defense Minister in his friend Papen's government.


text: June 4 – The Papen government in Germany dissolves the Reichstag for elections on July 31 in the full expectation that the Nazis will win the largest number of seats.

source_section: Events › June


date: June 14

text: June 14 – The Papen government lifts the ban against the SS and SA in Germany.


date: July 31

text: July 31 – July 1932 German federal election sees the Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag, winning 37% of the vote.

source_section: Events › July


date: August 11

text: August 11 – To celebrate Constitution Day in Germany, Chancellor Franz von Papen and his interior minister Baron Wilhelm von Gayl present proposed amendments to the Weimar constitution for a "New State" to deal with the problems besetting Germany.

source_section: Events › August


date: August 30

text: August 30 – Hermann Göring is elected as Speaker of the German Reichstag.


date: September 9

text: September 9 – The Cortes Generales (Parliament) of the Second Spanish Republic approves the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia which grants full autonomy for Catalonia for the first time in modern history.

source_section: Events › September


date: September 12

text: September 12 – The very unpopular Papen government in Germany is defeated on a massive motion of no-confidence in the Reichstag. With the exceptions of the German People's Party and the German National People's Party, every party in the Reichstag votes for the no-confidence motion. Papen has Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag for new elections in November.


date: September 23

text: September 23 – The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is proclaimed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, concluding the country's unification under the rule of King Abdulaziz.


date: September 24

text: September 24 – After his party's victory in the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber, Social Democrat Per Albin Hansson becomes the new prime minister of Sweden, after Felix Hamrin.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Gyula Gömbös becomes Prime Minister of Hungary, the first time a member of the radical right has become the country's head of government.

source_section: Events › October


date: October 3

text: October 3 – Iraq becomes an independent kingdom under Faisal, ending the British mandate.


date: November 21

text: November 21 – German president Hindenburg begins negotiations with Adolf Hitler about the formation of a new government.

source_section: Events › November


date: December 1

text: December 1 – Germany returns to the World Disarmament Conference after the other powers agree to accept gleichberechtigung "in principle". Henceforward, it is clear that Germany will be allowed to rearm beyond the limits imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.

source_section: Events › December


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Gregor Strasser resigns as the chief of the NSDAP's organizational department in protest against Hitler's "all or nothing" strategy.


date: January 9

text: January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hirohito of Japan. The Kuomintang's official newspaper runs an editorial expressing regret that the attempt failed, which is used by the Japanese as a pretext to attack Shanghai later in the month.


date: January 22

text: January 22 – The 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising begins; it is suppressed by the government of Maximiliano Hernández Martínez.


date: January 24

text: January 24 – Marshal Pietro Badoglio declares the end of Libyan resistance.


date: January 28

text: January 28 – January 28 incident: Conflict between Japan and China in Shanghai.


date: January 31

text: January 31 – Japanese warships arrive in Nanking.


date: March 2

text: March 2 – The Mäntsälä rebellion ends in failure; Finnish democracy prevails. The Lapua Movement is condemned by conservative Finnish president Pehr Evind Svinhufvud in a radio speech.

source_section: Events › March


date: March 5

text: March 5 – Dan Takuma, prominent Japanese businessman and director of the Mitsui Zaibatsu conglomerate is assassinated by the radical right-wing League of Blood group.


date: April 6

text: April 6 – U.S. president Herbert Hoover supports armament limitations at the World Disarmament Conference.


date: April 29

text: April 29 – Korean pro-independence paramilitary Yun Bong-gil detonates a bomb at a gathering of Japanese government and military officials in Shanghai's Hongkou Park, killing General Yoshinori Shirakawa and injuring Mamoru Shigemitsu and Vice Admiral Kichisaburō Nomura.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – There are violent scenes in the German Reichstag building in Berlin as Hermann Göring and other Nazi MRDs attack the Defense Minister General Wilhelm Groener for his lack of belief in a supposed Social Democratic putsch. After the debate, General Schleicher tells Groener that he has lost the confidence of the Army and must resign at once.


date: May 15

text: May 15 – May 15 Incident, an attempted military coup in which Japanese prime minister Tsuyoshi Inukai is assassinated by naval officers. Japanese troops leave Shanghai.


date: June 24

text: June 24 – After a relatively bloodless military rebellion, Siam becomes a constitutional monarchy.


date: July 9

text: July 9 – The Constitutionalist Revolution starts in Brazil with the uprising of the state of São Paulo.


date: July 17

text: July 17 – Altona Bloody Sunday: In Altona, Germany, a bloody clash with heavy police involvement occurs when Nazi marchers enter a working class area with many communist supporters; 18 are killed.


date: July 20

text: July 20 – The Preußenschlag in Germany. The political coup gives Franz von Papen control of Prussia, the most powerful state in Germany, and is a major blow to German democracy.


date: August

text: August – A farmers' revolt begins in the Midwestern United States.


date: September 9

text: September 9 – Beginning of the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia because of delimitation problems and others.


date: September 17

text: September 17 – A speech by Laureano Gómez leads to the escalation of the Leticia Incident between Colombia and Peru.


text: September 17 – Start of the Han–Liu War over Shandong.


date: October 25

text: October 25 – George Lansbury becomes the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.


date: November 2

text: November 2 – The Emu War, a nuisance wildlife management military operation, begins in Australia.


date: November 3

text: November 3 – Strike by transport workers in Berlin. The Nazis and the Communists both co-operate in support of the strike. The Nazi-Communist co-operation damages the Nazis at the upcoming election with many right-wing voters switching back to the German National People's Party.


date: November 9

text: November 9 – Geneva massacre: Military of Switzerland fire on a socialist anti-fascist demonstration in Geneva leaving 13 dead and 60 injured.


date: December 10

text: December 10 – The Emu War in Australia ends in failure.


date: April 5

text: April 5 – The first Alko stores are opened in Finland at 10 in the morning (local time) following the end of Prohibition in that country, resulting in a new mnemonic "543210".


date: May 20

text: May 20–21 – Amelia Earhart flies from the United States to County Londonderry, Northern Ireland in 14 hours 54 minutes.


date: June 20

text: June 20 – The Benelux customs union is negotiated.


date: July 21

text: July 21 – The British Empire Economic Conference opens in Ottawa, Canada.


date: August 18

text: August 18–19 – Scottish aviator Jim Mollison becomes the first pilot to make an East-to-West solo transatlantic flight, from Portmarnock, County Dublin, Ireland to RCAF Station Pennfield Ridge, New Brunswick, Canada, in his de Havilland Puss Moth high-wing monoplane The Heart's Content.


date: November 27

text: November 27 – The Second Eastern Women's Congress opens in Tehran, Iran.


date: February 11

text: February 11 – Pope Pius XI meets Benito Mussolini in Vatican City.


date: September 11

text: September 11 – A bronze statue of Youssef Bey Karam is erected in his memory outside the Cathedral of Saint Georges, Ehden in Lebanon.


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Hindenburg names Kurt von Schleicher as German chancellor after he ousts Papen. Papen is deeply angry about how his former friend Schleicher has brought him down and decides that he will do anything to get back into power.


date: December 4

text: December 4 – Chancellor Schleicher meets with Gregor Strasser and offers to appoint him Vice-Chancellor and Reich Commissioner for Prussia out of the hope that if faced with a split in the NSDAP, Hitler will support his government.


date: February 2

text: February 2 – The Reconstruction Finance Corporation begins operations in Washington, D.C.


text: May 20 – Federación Obrera de la Industria de la Carne initiates a major strike in the Argentinian meat-packing industry.


date: June 16

text: June 16– Lausanne conference opens to discuss reparations, which Germany had not paid since the Hoover Moratorium of June 1931.


date: July 8

text: July 8 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average in the United States reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, bottoming out at 41.22.


date: July 9

text: July 9 – Lausanne conference ends, agreeing to cancel World War I reparations against Germany.


date: August 6

text: August 6 – Carl Gustaf Ekman resigns as Prime Minister of Sweden and is replaced by his Minister of Finance Felix Hamrin.


date: August 20

text: August 20 – The Ottawa conference ends with the adoption of Imperial Preference tariff, turning the British Empire into one economic zone with a series of tariffs meant to exclude non-empire states from competing within the markets of Britain; the Dominions; and the rest of the empire.


date: September 20

text: September 20 – Mahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike in Poona prison, India.


date: November 6

text: November 6 – November 1932 German federal election: The Nazis remain the largest party in the Reichstag but their share of the seats drops from 37% to 32%. The Communists (KPD) are the second largest party. This will be the last free election for the whole of Germany until 1990.


text: SPAR, the global retail brand, is founded in Zegwaart, Netherlands.

source_section: Events › Date unknown


text: Unemployment in the United States – ca. 33% – 14 million. A similar level of unemployment affects Germany. Many people in depressed countries do not receive unemployment benefit due to governments not being able to afford benefit payments.


date: March 19

text: March 19 – The Sydney Harbour Bridge opens in Australia.


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Forrest Mars produces the first Mars bar in his Slough factory in the UK.


text: August 6 – In Germany, the world's first Autobahn is opened by Konrad Adenauer (Bundesautobahn 555).


date: September 10

text: September 10 – The IND Eighth Avenue Line, at this time the world's longest subway line (31 mi km), begins operation in Manhattan.


text: September 11 – Canadian operations end on the International Railway (New York–Ontario).


date: October 15

text: October 15 – Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight.


date: December 19

text: December 19 – BBC World Service begins broadcasting as the BBC Empire Service using a shortwave radio facility at its Daventry transmitting station in England.


date: December 25

text: December 25 – IG Farben files a patent application in Germany for the medical application of the first sulfonamide oral antibiotic, which will be marketed as Prontosil, following Gerhard Domagk's laboratory demonstration of its properties as an antibiotic.


text: December 25 – King George V delivers the first Royal Christmas Message on the new BBC Empire Service radio from Sandringham House; the text has been written by Rudyard Kipling.


date: December 27

text: December 27 – The Radio City Music Hall is opened in New York City.


date: March 1

text: March 1 – Japan installs Puyi as puppet emperor of Manchukuo.


date: March 20

text: March 20 – The Graf Zeppelin airship begins a regular route between Germany and South America.


date: April 14

text: April 14 – John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton, at the Cavendish Laboratory in the University of Cambridge (England), focus a proton beam on lithium and split its nucleus ("splitting the atom").


date: May 10

text: May 10 – James Chadwick, working at the Cavendish Laboratory in the University of Cambridge, reports the existence of the neutron.


date: May 25

text: May 25 – Goofy makes his appearance in the Disney animated short Mickey's Revue.


text: August 1 – The second International Polar Year, an international scientific collaboration, begins.


date: August 2

text: August 2 – The first positron is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Auguste Piccard reaches an altitude of 16197 m ft with a hot air balloon.


date: August 31

text: August 31 – A total solar eclipse is visible from northern Canada through northeastern Vermont, New Hampshire, southwestern Maine and the Capes of Massachusetts.


date: November 30

text: November 30 – The Polish Cipher Bureau breaks the German Enigma cipher.


text: British geneticist J. B. S. Haldane publishes The Causes of Evolution, unifying the findings of Mendelian genetics with those of evolutionary science.


text: Zero-length springs are invented, revolutionizing seismometers and gravimeters.


text: Walter B. Pitkin publishes Life Begins at Forty in the United States.


date: January 4

text: January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.


date: March 21

text: March 21–22 – 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes in the United States kills more than 220 people in Alabama, 34 in Georgia and 17 in Tennessee.


date: April 13

text: April 13 – German Chancellor Heinrich Brüning bans the SA and the SS as threats to public order, arguing that they are chiefly responsible for the wave of political violence afflicting Germany.


date: June

text: c. June – The Republican Citizens Committee Against National Prohibition is established for the repeal of Prohibition in the United States.


text: March 1 – Lindbergh kidnapping: Charles Lindbergh Jr., the infant son of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, is kidnapped from the family home near Hopewell, New Jersey. On May 12 he is found dead just a few miles away.


date: April 6

text: April 6 – The trial of fraudulent art dealer Otto Wacker begins in Berlin.


date: April 19

text: April 19 – German art dealer Otto Wacker is sentenced to 19 months in prison for selling fraudulent paintings he attributed to Vincent van Gogh.


date: August

text: Potempa Murder of 1932: In the eastern town of Potempa, five Nazi "Brownshirts" break into the house of Konrad Pietrzuch, a Communist miner, and proceed to castrate and beat him to death in front of his mother.


date: September 2

text: September 2 – Despite the court's sentence of death against the "Potempa five", Chancellor von Papen in his capacity as Reich Commissioner of Prussia refuses to have them executed under the grounds that they were not aware of the emergency law at the time they committed the murder, but in reality because he is still hoping for Nazi support for his government.


date: September 28

text: September 28 – The court of Helsinki sentences Vilho Kallio, Ville Saari and Ida Maria Viden to prison for the Tattarisuo mutilation case.


date: October

text: October – Hergé's Tintin in America (Tintin en Amérique) concludes serial publication and is issued in book format (in black and white) in Belgium.


date: January 26

text: January 26 – British submarine aircraft carrier sinks with the loss of all 60 onboard on exercise in Lyme Bay in the English Channel.


date: March 14

text: March 14 – George Eastman, founder of Kodak, commits suicide in Rochester, New York.


date: July 7

text: July 7 – French submarine Prométhée sinks with the loss of 62 of 69 onboard on trial out of Cherbourg in the English Channel.


date: December 24

text: December 24 – 1932 Moweaqua Coal Mine disaster


date: April 25

text: April 25 – The bodies of Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman and Jabir ibn Abd Allah, two of the companions of Islamic prophet Muhammad, are moved from their graves in Salmaan Paak following a dream of King Faisal I of Iraq that they are affected by water.


date: July 12

text: July 12 – Hedley Verity establishes a new first-class cricket record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.


date: August 10

text: August 10 – A 5.1 kg chondrite-type meteorite breaks into fragments and strikes earth near the town of Archie, Missouri, United States.


date: September 22

text: September 22 – Soviet famine of 1932–33 begins; millions starve to death as a result of forced collectivization and as part of the government's effort to break rural resistance to its policies. The Soviet regime denies the famine and allows the deaths.


date: November 8

text: November 8 – 1932 United States presidential election: Democratic governor of New York Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats incumbent Republican president Herbert Hoover in a landslide victory, having promised a New Deal and repeal of Prohibition.


date: November 9

text: November 9 – A hurricane and huge waves kill about 2,500 in Santa Cruz del Sur in the worst natural disaster in Cuban history.


date: December 25

text: December 25 – The 7.6 Changma earthquake shakes the Gansu Province in China with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Two-hundred and seventy-five people are killed.


text: The heath hen becomes extinct in North America.


date: February 4

text: February 4 – The 1932 Winter Olympics open in Lake Placid, New York.


date: February 15

text: February 15 – Clara, Lu & Em, generally regarded as the first daytime network soap opera, debuts in its morning time slot over the Blue Network of NBC Radio in the United States, having originally been a late evening program.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – Tarzan the Ape Man premieres in New York City, first of the classic film series starring Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan.


date: April 17

text: April 17 – Haile Selassie announces an anti-slavery law in Abyssinia.


text: April 25 – Gladys Elinor Watkins consecrates the carillon of the National War Memorial in New Zealand.


date: June 25

text: June 25 – India plays its first Test cricket match with England at Lord's.


date: July 30

text: July 30 – Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first animated cartoon to be presented in full Technicolor, premieres in Los Angeles. It releases in theaters, along with the film version of Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude (starring Norma Shearer and Clark Gable); Flowers and Trees goes on to win the first Academy Award for Best Animated Short.


text: July 30 – The 1932 Summer Olympics open in Los Angeles.


date: August 6

text: August 6 – The first Venice Film Festival is held.


date: October 19

text: October 19 – Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden marries Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.


date: November 1

text: November 1 – The Kennedy–Thorndike experiment is published, showing that measured time as well as length is affected by motion, in accordance with the theory of special relativity.


date: November 7

text: November 7 – Buck Rogers in the 25th Century debuts on American radio. It is the first science fiction program on radio.


date: February 27

text: February 27 – Dame Elizabeth Taylor, British-American actress (d. 2011)

source_section: Births › February


date: March 4

text: March 4 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer and civil rights activist (d. 2008)

source_section: Births › March


date: March 12

text: March 12 - Andrew Young, American civil rights movement activist, Mayor of Atlanta, and ambassador to the United Nations


date: April 4

text: April 4 – Andrei Tarkovsky, Soviet and Russian film director (d. 1986)

source_section: Births › April


date: April 8

text: April 8 – Sultan Iskandar of Johor, 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2010)


date: April 26

text: April 26 – Michael Smith, English-born chemist and Nobel laureate (d. 2000)


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Princess of Iran; wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (d. 2001)

source_section: Births › June


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Meir Kahane, American-born Israeli rabbi and ultra-nationalist (d. 1990)

source_section: Births › August


date: August 12

text: August 12 – Dallin H. Oaks 18th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints


date: August 17

text: August 17 – V. S. Naipaul, West Indian-born writer and Nobel laureate (d. 2018)


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Luc Montagnier, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2022)


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Rainer Weiss, German-born American gravitational physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2025)

source_section: Births › September


date: October 24

text: October 24 – Robert Mundell, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)

source_section: Births › October


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Sajad Haider, Pakistan Air Force officer and 1965 War veteran (d. 2025)

source_section: Births › December


date: February 10

text: February 10 – Edgar Wallace, British novelist and screenwriter (b. 1875)

source_section: Deaths › January – February


date: February 16

text: February 16 – Sir Edgar Speyer, American-born international financier and philanthropist (b. 1862)


date: March 6

text: March 6 – John Philip Sousa, American band leader, conductor, and composer ("The Stars and Stripes Forever") (b. 1854)

source_section: Deaths › March – April


date: March 7

text: March 7 – Aristide Briand, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1862)


text: March 12 – Ivar Kreuger, Swedish civil engineer and entrepreneur, Swedish Match (b. 1880)


date: March 14

text: March 14 – George Eastman, American inventor (Kodak) (b. 1854)


text: April 4 – Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Tsuyoshi Inukai, 18th prime minister of Japan (assassinated) (b. 1855)

source_section: Deaths › May – June


date: June 19

text: June 19 – Sol Plaatje, South African journalist, politician and writer. (b. 1876)


date: July 22

text: July 22 – Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., American Broadway impresario (b. 1867)

source_section: Deaths › July – August


date: August 2

text: August 2 – Dan Brouthers, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1858)


date: August 19

text: August 19 – Johannes Schober, three-time Chancellor of Austria (b. 1874)


date: September 16

text: September 16 – Sir Ronald Ross, British physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857)

source_section: Deaths › September – October


date: November 15

text: November 15 – Charles W. Chesnutt, African-American author, essayist and political activist (b. 1858)

source_section: Deaths › November – December


date: January 17

text: January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wishes of U.S. President Herbert Hoover.

source_section: Events › January


date: January 28

text: January 28 – "Pakistan Declaration": Choudhry Rahmat Ali publishes (in Cambridge, UK) a pamphlet entitled Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?, in which he calls for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India that he calls "Pakstan"; this influences the Pakistan Movement.


date: January 30

text: January 30 – Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg.


text: January 30 – Édouard Daladier forms a government in France in succession to Joseph Paul-Boncour. He is succeeded on October 26 by Albert Sarraut and on November 26 by Camille Chautemps.


date: February 3

text: February 3 – Adolf Hitler gives a secret speech to his military leaders, outlining his plans to rearm Germany in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles and to adopt a policy of Lebensraum in eastern Europe.

source_section: Events › February


date: February 9

text: February 9 – The King and Country debate: The Oxford Union student debating society in England passes a resolution stating, "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and country."


date: February 17

text: February 17 – Repeal of Prohibition in the United States: The Blaine Act passes the United States Senate, submitting the proposed Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution to the states for ratification. The amendment is ratified on December 5, ending prohibition in the United States.


date: March 4

text: March 4 – The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure; Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree, an origin of Austrofascism.

source_section: Events › March


text: March 4 – Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in as the 32nd president of the United States.


date: March 5

text: March 5 – March 1933 German federal election: The Nazi Party gains 43.9% of the votes.


date: March 15

text: March 15 – Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss keeps members of the National Council from convening, starting the Austrofascist dictatorship.


date: March 23

text: March 23 – Gleichschaltung: The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler effectively the dictator of Germany.


date: May 3

text: May 3 – In the Irish Free State, Dáil Éireann abolishes the oath of allegiance to the British Crown.

source_section: Events › May


date: May 17

text: May 17 – Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort form the Nasjonal Samling (the National Gathering Party) of Norway.


date: May 18

text: May 18 – New Deal: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority.


date: July 15

text: July 15 – The Four-Power Pact is signed by Britain, France, Germany and Italy.

source_section: Events › July


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Alejandro Lerroux forms a new government in Spain.

source_section: Events › September


date: October 14

text: October 14–16 – The new constitution of Estonia is approved only on the third consecutive referendum.

source_section: Events › October


date: November 5

text: November 5 – Spanish Basque people vote for autonomy.

source_section: Events › November


date: November 16

text: November 16 – The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations.


date: November 19

text: November 19 – Second Spanish Republic: General elections result in a victory by the right-wing parties.


date: November 22

text: November 22 – The Fujian People's Government is declared in Fujian Province, China.


date: December 5

text: December 5 – The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, repealing Prohibition in the United States, making production and sale of alcohol legal in the U.S.

source_section: Events › December


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is signed by participants in the 7th International Conference of American States; it is significant in the development of the declarative theory of statehood.


date: February 1

text: February 1 – Adolf Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the German People" in Berlin.


date: February 5

text: February 5 – A mutiny starts on the Royal Netherlands Navy coastal defence ship De Zeven Provinciën in the Dutch East Indies. After 6 days, it is bombed by a Dutch aircraft, killing 23 men, and the remaining mutineers surrender.


date: February 15

text: February 15 – In Miami, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to assassinate President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead fatally wounds the Mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak. Zangara is executed on March 20 by the electric chair.


date: February 23

text: February 23 – The Imperial Japanese Army invades Rehe province in northern China.


date: March 20

text: March 20 – Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed in Germany (it opens March 22 to hold political prisoners).


date: April 1

text: April 1 – The recently elected Nazis (under Julius Streicher) organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany.

source_section: Events › April


date: April 3

text: April 3 – An anti-monarchist rebellion occurs in Siam (Thailand).


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Chaco War: Paraguay formally declares war on Bolivia.


date: June 17

text: June 17 – Kansas City massacre: At the Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri, gangsters kill four law enforcement officers and detained fugitive bank robber Frank Nash.

source_section: Events › June


date: June 25

text: June 25 – Wilmersdorfer Tennishallen delegates convene in Berlin to protest against the persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – Business Plot: Smedley Butler becomes involved in a coup attempt led by Gerald MacGuire against the President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt which fails (according to his testimony in 1934).


date: August 7

text: August 7 – Simele massacre: More than 3,000 Assyrian Iraqis are killed by Iraqi government troops.

source_section: Events › August


date: August 12

text: August 12 – British politician Winston Churchill makes his first speech publicly warning of the dangers of German rearmament.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Engelbert Dollfuss, leader of the Fatherland's Front in Austria, is seriously injured in a failed assassination attempt.


date: October 12

text: October 12 – The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz is acquired by the United States Department of Justice, which plans to incorporate the island into its Federal Bureau of Prisons as a penitentiary.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – Members of the Iron Guard assassinate Ion Gheorghe Duca, prime minister of Romania.


date: January 11

text: January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.


text: April 3 – The first flight over Mount Everest is made by the British Houston-Mount Everest Flight Expedition, led by the Marquis of Clydesdale, and funded by Lucy, Lady Houston.


date: April 11

text: April 11 – Aviator Bill Lancaster takes off from Lympne in England, in an attempt to make a speed record to the Cape of Good Hope, but vanishes (his body is not found in the Sahara Desert until 1962).


date: May 27

text: May 27 – The Century of Progress World's Fair opens in Chicago.


date: November 16

text: November 16 – American aviator Jimmie Angel becomes the first foreigner to see the Angel Falls in Venezuela (they are named after him).


date: July 20

text: July 20 – Reichskonkordat: Vatican state secretary Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) signs an accord with Germany.


text: The first dated Inter-School Christian Fellowship group is started in Australia at North Sydney Boys High School, with the group continuing into the 21st century.

source_section: Events › Date unknown


date: March 5

text: March 5 – The Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "Bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions (the 'holiday' ends on March 13).


date: March 15

text: March 15 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average rises from 53.84 to 62.10. The day's gain of 15.34%, achieved during the depths of the Great Depression, remains the largest 1-day percentage gain for the index.


date: March 27

text: March 27 – Japan announces it will leave the League of Nations (due to a cancellation period of exactly two years, the egression becomes effective March 27, 1935).


date: May 2

text: May 2 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler prohibits trade unions.


date: May 3

text: May 3 – Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first woman to be named director of the United States Mint.


date: May 8

text: May 8 – Mohandas Gandhi begins a 3-week hunger strike because of the mistreatment of the lower castes in India.


text: May 27 – New Deal in the United States: The Federal Securities Act is signed into law, requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission.


date: June 5

text: June 5 – The U.S. Congress abrogates the United States use of the gold standard, by enacting a joint resolution nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.


date: December 26

text: December 26 – The Nissan Motor Company is organized in Tokyo, Japan.


date: February 10

text: February 10 – The New York City-based Postal Telegraph Company introduces the first singing telegram.


date: June 6

text: June 6 – The first drive-in movie theater is opened in Pennsauken Township, near Camden, New Jersey, by Richard Hollingshead, according to his patent granted May 16.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – The London Passenger Transport Board begins operation.


date: August 2

text: August 2 – The White Sea–Baltic Canal, Stalin's 227 km ship canal constructed using forced labour in the Soviet Union, opens, connecting the White Sea with Lake Onega and the Baltic.


date: October 7

text: October 7 – Air France is formed by the merger of five French airline companies, beginning operations with 250 planes.


date: November 8

text: November 8 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.


text: December 26 – FM radio is patented.


date: May 5

text: May 5 – The detection by Karl Jansky of radio waves from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy is reported in The New York Times. The discovery leads to the birth of radio astronomy.


date: July 22

text: July 22 – Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world, landing at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, after traveling eastbound 15596 mi km in 7 days 18 hours 45 minutes.


date: October 17

text: October 17 – Scientist Albert Einstein arrives from Europe in the United States, where he settles permanently as a refugee from Nazi Germany and takes up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – President Franklin Roosevelt signs the Cullen–Harrison Act, an amendment to the Volstead Act, allowing the manufacture and sale from April 7 of "3.2 beer" (3.2% alcohol by weight, approximately 4% alcohol by volume) and light wines, 8 months before the full repeal of Prohibition in the United States in December.


date: April 2

text: April 2 – As a member of the English cricket team touring New Zealand, 1933, batsman Wally Hammond scores a record 336 runs in a test match at Eden Park, Auckland.


date: April 5

text: April 5 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a national emergency and issues Executive Order 6102, making it illegal for U.S. citizens to own substantial amounts of monetary gold or bullion.


date: April 7

text: April 7 – In Germany, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service is passed, the first law of the new regime directed against Jews (as well as political opponents).


date: April 21

text: April 21 – Nazi Germany outlaws the kosher ritual shechita.


date: April

text: Jewish physicians are excluded from official insurance schemes, forcing many to give up their practices.


date: May 26

text: May 26 – The Nazi Party in Germany introduces a law to legalize eugenic sterilization.


date: July

text: The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring is enacted, allowing compulsory sterilization of citizens suffering from a list of alleged genetic disorders.


date: April 13

text: April 13 – The Children and Young Persons Act is passed in the United Kingdom. This raises the age of criminal responsibility from 7 to 8, raises the minimum age for capital punishment to 18, places restrictions on the identification in the press of persons under 18 appearing in court, sets a minimum full-time working age of 14 and makes it illegal to sell tobacco products to under-16s.


date: April 26

text: April 26 – The Gestapo secret police is established in Nazi Germany by Hermann Göring.


date: April 27

text: April 27 – The Stahlhelm veterans' organization joins the Nazi party in Germany.


text: Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses begins with the seizure of the Bible Students' office in Magdeburg.


date: July 4

text: July 4 – Gandhi is sentenced to prison in India.


date: August 30

text: August 30 – German-Jewish philosopher Theodor Lessing is shot in Marienbad (Mariánské Lázně), Czechoslovakia, dying the following day.


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury (London), conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Parricides committed in the United States by Victor Licata lead to calls for the legal prohibition of cannabis.


date: February 25

text: February 25 – Arminda de Jesus is burned for witchcraft in Soalhães, Portugal.


date: February 27

text: February 27 – Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag building, is set on fire under controversial circumstances. The following day, the Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in response to the Reichstag fire, nullifying many German civil liberties.


date: April 4

text: April 4 – American airship Akron crashes off the coast of New Jersey, killing 73 of its 76 crewmen. It is the worst aviation accident in history up to this date (and until 1950).


text: April 5 – The International Court of Justice in The Hague decides that Greenland belongs to Denmark, and condemns Norwegian landings on eastern Greenland. Norway submits to the decision.


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Nazi Germany outlaws the Social-Democratic Party (SPD).


date: August 14

text: August 14 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acre km2.


date: October 10

text: October 10 – 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion: A bomb destroys a United Airlines Boeing 247 on a transcontinental flight in mid-air near Chesterton, Indiana, killing all 7 on board, in the first proven case of sabotage in civil aviation, although no suspect is ever identified.


date: December 23

text: December 23 – Lagny-Pomponne rail accident: A train collision near Lagny-sur-Marne in France kills 204.


date: February 6

text: February 6–7 – Officers on the USS Ramapo record a 34-meter high sea wave in the Pacific Ocean.


date: March 3

text: March 3 – 1933 Sanriku earthquake: A powerful earthquake and tsunami hit Honshū, Japan, killing approximately 3,000 people.


date: March 10

text: March 10 – The 6.4 Long Beach earthquake shakes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing 115 people.


date: March 29

text: March 29 – Welsh journalist Gareth Jones makes the first report in the West of the Holodomor famine genocide in Ukraine.


date: June

text: June – The Holodomor famine-genocide in Ukraine reaches its peak, with 30,000 deaths from human-made starvation each day. The average life expectancy for a Ukrainian male born this year is 7.3 years.


date: August 25

text: August 25 – The Diexi earthquake shakes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.


date: September 26

text: September 26 – 1933 Tampico hurricane: A hurricane destroys the town of Tampico, Mexico.


date: November 11

text: November 11 – Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm ("the great black blizzard") strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands (one of a series of disastrous dust storms this year).


date: February 28

text: February 28 – English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33: The England cricket team wins The Ashes using the controversial bodyline tactic.


date: March 2

text: March 2 – King Kong: The original King Kong film, starring Fay Wray and directed by Merian C. Cooper, debuts in New York City.


date: March 31

text: March 31 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established in the United States as an unemployment relief program.


date: June 12

text: June 12 – The London Economic Conference is held.


date: July 6

text: July 6 – The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played at Comiskey Park in Chicago.


date: July 8

text: July 8 – The first rugby union test match is played between the Wallabies of Australia and the Springboks of South Africa, at Newlands in Cape Town.


date: July 15

text: July 15 – The International Left Opposition (ILO) is renamed the International Communist League (ICL).


date: December 17

text: December 17 – The first NFL Championship game in American football is played. The Chicago Bears defeat the New York Giants 23–21.


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Corazon Aquino, 11th President of the Philippines (d. 2009)

source_section: Births › January


date: February 18

text: February 18 – Yoko Ono, Japanese-born artist and musician, widow of John Lennon

source_section: Births › February


text: February 18 – Sir Bobby Robson, English soccer player, manager (d. 2009)


date: March 15

text: March 15 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2020)

source_section: Births › March


date: April 29

text: April 29 – Willie Nelson, American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, producer, author, poet and activist

source_section: Births › April


date: May 3

text: May 3 – Steven Weinberg, American physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 2021)

source_section: Births › May


date: June 8

text: June 8 – Joan Rivers, American actress, comedian, and television host (d. 2014)

source_section: Births › June


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Dianne Feinstein, American politician, Senator and mayor of San Francisco (d. 2023)


date: July 20

text: July 20 – Cormac McCarthy, American Pulitzer Prize-winning author (d. 2023)

source_section: Births › July


date: September 10

text: September 10 – Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer, artist (d. 2019)

source_section: Births › September


date: September 11

text: September 11 – William Luther Pierce, American Neo-Nazi and far-right activist (d. 2002)


date: November 3

text: November 3 – Michael Dukakis, American politician, former governor of Massachusetts, and 1988 presidential candidate

source_section: Births › November


date: November 4

text: November 4 – Charles K. Kao, Chinese electrical engineer, physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 2018)


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Paul J. Crutzen, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)

source_section: Births › December


date: January 17

text: January 17 – Louis Comfort Tiffany, American stained glass artist, jewellery designer, son of Charles Lewis Tiffany (b. 1848)

source_section: Deaths › January


date: January 31

text: January 31 – John Galsworthy, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)


date: February 15

text: February 15 – Pat Sullivan, Australian-born American director, producer of animated films (b. 1885)

source_section: Deaths › February


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi, Chief of the Senussi order in Libya (b. 1873)

source_section: Deaths › March


date: March 20

text: March 20 – Giuseppe Zangara, American attempted assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt (b. 1900)


date: April 2

text: April 2 – Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer and ruler of Nawanagar. (b. 1872)

source_section: Deaths › April


date: May 26

text: May 26 – Horatio Bottomley, British politician and businessman (b. 1860)

source_section: Deaths › May


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Hildegard Burjan, German Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1883)

source_section: Deaths › June


date: June 29

text: June 29 – Roscoe Arbuckle, American actor, comedian, film director and screenwriter (b. 1887)


date: September 7

text: September 7 – Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, British statesman (b. 1862)

source_section: Deaths › September


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese novelist and poet of children's literature (b. 1896)


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Ismael Montes, Bolivian general and political figure, 26th President of Bolivia (b. 1861)

source_section: Deaths › October


date: October 29

text: October 29 – Paul Painlevé, French mathematician and statesman, 62nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1863)


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Yamamoto Gonnohyoe, Imperial Japanese army officer, 8th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1852)

source_section: Deaths › December


date: February 9

text: February 9 – Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France.

source_section: Events › January–February


text: February 9 – Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact.


date: February 16

text: February 16 – The Commission of Government is sworn in, as a form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.


date: March 1

text: March 1 – Manchukuo, the Japanese puppet state in Manchuria established in 1932, proclaimed a monarchy under Puyi.

source_section: Events › March–April


date: March 24

text: March 24 – The Tydings–McDuffie Act is passed, allowing the Philippines a greater degree of self-government from the United States.


date: May 1

text: May 1 – The May Constitution of 1934 heralds the beginning of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria.

source_section: Events › May–June


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.


date: June 14

text: June 14 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet for the first time, at the Venice Biennale.


date: June 18

text: June 18 – The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted.


date: June 27

text: June 27 – Imam Yahya of Yemen and Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty.


date: August 19

text: August 19 – 1934 German referendum: In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers, as Führer and Reichskanzler.

source_section: Events › July–August


date: September 15

text: September 15 – 1934 Australian federal election: Joseph Lyons' UAP government is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party, led by former Prime Minister James Scullin. Consequently, Lyons is forced to resume the Coalition with the Country Party, and include them in his government. Scullin steps down from the Labor leadership shortly after; he is replaced by future Prime Minister John Curtin.

source_section: Events › September–October


date: September 19

text: September 19 – The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.


date: September 28

text: September 28 – Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Events of October the 6th: the President of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, declares the Catalan State of the Spanish Federal Republic, but Spanish troops swiftly crush the Catalan forces, and arrest him and the members of the Catalan government. The autonomy of Catalonia is suspended until 1936.


date: November 27

text: November 27 – Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup, and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano.

source_section: Events › November–December


date: December 27

text: December 27 – Persia becomes Iran.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.


text: The Australian frontier wars end, after 146 years.

source_section: Events › Date unknown


text: Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Ivory Coast.


date: February 6

text: February 6 – French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic.


date: February 12

text: February 12–15 – Austrian Civil War: The Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country.


date: February 21

text: February 21 – Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in Managua, by the National Guard.


date: March 12

text: March 12 – Prime Minister Konstantin Päts stages a self-coup by declaring a state of emergency in Estonia, with the approval of the parliament, beginning the country's Era of Silence.


date: May 19

text: May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'état in Bulgaria.


date: June 30

text: June 30 – The Nazi Party SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the Schutzstaffel (SS).


date: July 25

text: July 25 – July Putsch: Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, during a failed coup attempt.


date: August 8

text: August 8 – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.


date: September 5

text: September 5–10 – The 6th Nuremberg Rally is staged by the German Nazi Party.


date: October 9

text: October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated, during the king's state visit in Marseille.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – The Long March of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese Communist Party begins.


date: November 23

text: November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lies well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.


date: December 5

text: December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.


date: August 15

text: August 15 – The United States Marine Corps leaves Haiti.


date: October 20

text: October 20–November 3 – Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from his native Brisbane, Australia, to San Francisco, in the Lockheed Altair Lady Southern Cross. The November 3 Hawaii–San Francisco leg is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.


date: May 31

text: May 31 – The Barmen Declaration, largely drafted by Karl Barth, is signed by Christians in Nazi Germany who are opposed to the pro-Nazi German Christian movement.


date: January 1

text: January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – The Hays Code begins to be strictly enforced in the Hollywood film industry, lasting until 1968.


text: October 20–November 5 – The MacRobertson Air Race is flown from RAF Mildenhall in England to Melbourne, Australia, to celebrate the centenary of the state of Victoria. The overall winner is the British de Havilland DH.88 Comet G-ACSS Grosvenor House, flown by C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black.


text: The sonoluminescence effect is discovered, at the University of Cologne.


date: May 28

text: May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, Canada, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Hitler gives a speech to the Reichstag, justifying his purge.


date: November 6

text: November 6 – Attempted exclusion of Egon Kisch from Australia begins.


date: March 13

text: March 13 – John Dillinger and his gang rob the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa, United States, stealing $52,000.


date: May 23

text: May 23 – American outlaws Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed and killed by police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana.


date: June 30

text: June 30 – July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case in the U.S.


date: March 20

text: March 20 – The Great Hakodate Fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan.


date: September 8

text: September 8 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner kills 134 people.


date: September 22

text: September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers.


date: January 15

text: January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people.


date: September 21

text: September 21 – The Muroto typhoon in Honshū, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in Osaka.


date: October 2

text: October 2 – A typhoon in Osaka and Kyoto, Japan, kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.


date: February 23

text: February 23 – King Leopold III of Belgium succeeds to the throne, following the death (February 17) of his father King Albert I.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – The first Masters Tournament in golf opens at Augusta National Golf Club in Georgia (United States).


date: April 21

text: April 21 – The "surgeon's photograph" of the Loch Ness Monster, taken in Scotland by London gynaecologist Robert Kenneth Wilson and in 1994 admitted to be a hoax, is published in the Daily Mail London national newspaper.


date: June 9

text: June 9 – Donald Duck makes his film debut in Walt Disney's Silly Symphony cartoon The Wise Little Hen.


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2–1 after extra time, to win the 1934 World Cup, staged in Italy.


text: Winter – Tadj ol-Molouk, Empress consort of Iran, and her daughters appear publicly in Tehran without a veil, leading to its abolition in the country.


text: The Yomiuri Giants, a successful professional baseball club in Japan, is founded in Tokyo.


date: January 11

text: January 11 – Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada

source_section: Births › January


date: February 27

text: February 27 – Ralph Nader, American consumer activist and presidential candidate

source_section: Births › February


date: March 5

text: March 5 – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist and Nobel laureate (d. 2024)

source_section: Births › March


date: March 9

text: March 9 – Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first human in space (d. 1968)


date: March 16

text: March 16 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian statesman, 24th Governor General of Canada (d. 2002)


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer and Nobel laureate

source_section: Births › July


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)

source_section: Births › August


date: August 25

text: August 25 – Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, 4th President of Iran (d. 2017)


date: September 15

text: September 15 – Fob James, American politician and Governor of Alabama from 1979 to 1983, and from 1995 to 1999

source_section: Births › September


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Brian Epstein, British manager of the Beatles, co-founder of Northern Songs (d. 1967)


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Leonard Cohen, Canadian poet, novelist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016)


date: September 28

text: September 28 – Brigitte Bardot, French actress, animal rights activist (d. 2025)


date: November 9

text: November 9 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer, writer, and TV presenter (d. 1996)

source_section: Births › November


date: December 30

text: December 30 – Tony Serra, American criminal defense and civil rights attorney, political activist and tax resister

source_section: Births › December


date: January 29

text: January 29 – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)

source_section: Deaths › January


date: February 19

text: February 19 – Caleb Bradham, American pharmacist, inventor of Pepsi (b. 1867)

source_section: Deaths › February


date: March 1

text: March 1 – Charles Webster Leadbeater, British author and Theosophist (b. 1854)

source_section: Deaths › March


date: March 27

text: March 27 – Francis William Reitz, 5th president of the Orange Free State (b. 1844)


date: May 23

text: May 23 – Clyde Barrow, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (b. 1909)

source_section: Deaths › May


text: May 23 – Bonnie Parker, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (b. 1910)


date: June

text: Kurt von Schleicher, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)

source_section: Deaths › June


date: July 1

text: July 1 – Ernst Röhm, German politician, Nazi SA Leader (assassinated) (b. 1887)

source_section: Deaths › July


date: July 4

text: July 4 – Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and physics (b. 1867)


date: July 25

text: July 25 – Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian statesman and 10th Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Wilbert Robinson, American baseball manager and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1863)

source_section: Deaths › August


date: October 9

text: October 9 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (b. 1888) (assassinated)

source_section: Deaths › October


date: October 17

text: October 17 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1852)


date: November 16

text: November 16 – Alice Liddell, English inspiration for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (b. 1852)

source_section: Deaths › November


date: January 7

text: January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims.

source_section: Events › January


date: January 13

text: January 13 – A referendum in the Territory of the Saar Basin shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Germany.


date: February 26

text: February 26 – In Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler orders reinstatement of the air force, the Luftwaffe, in violation of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

source_section: Events › February


text: March 1 – İsmet İnönü forms the new government in Turkey (the 8th government; during Atatürk's presidency, İnönü has served seven times as a prime minister).

source_section: Events › March


date: March 2

text: March 2 – King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) of Siam abdicates the throne; he is succeeded by his 9-year-old-nephew Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII).


date: March 16

text: March 16 – Adolf Hitler announces German re-armament in violation of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.


date: March 21

text: March 21 – Reza Shah of Iran asks the international community to formally adopt the name "Iran" to refer to the country, in place of the name "Persia".


date: April 15

text: April 15 – The Roerich Pact, a Pan-American treaty on the protection of cultural artefacts, is signed in Washington, D.C.

source_section: Events › April


date: May 21

text: May 21 – In Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler announces the reintroduction of conscription to the Wehrmacht, in violation of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

source_section: Events › May


date: June 18

text: June 18 – Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Britain agrees to a German navy equal to 35% of her own naval tonnage.

source_section: Events › June


text: July 25–August 20 – The seventh and last congress of the Comintern is held.

source_section: Events › July


date: August 2

text: August 2 – The Government of India Act is passed by the British Parliament, making provision for the establishment of a "Federation of India" and a degree of autonomy.

source_section: Events › August


date: September 17

text: September 17 – Manuel L. Quezon is elected 2nd President of the Philippines.

source_section: Events › September


date: October 14

text: October 14 – 1935 Canadian federal election: The Liberal Party of William Lyon Mackenzie King wins a majority government, defeating the Conservative Party of Prime Minister R. B. Bennett.

source_section: Events › October


date: October 22

text: October 22 – The Chinese Communist Party settles in Shaanxi after the Long March.


date: November 3

text: November 3 – A Greek monarchy referendum is held by self-proclaimed Regent Georgios Kondylis. Almost 98% of the votes favor restoration of the monarchy, although the referendum's integrity is dubious.

source_section: Events › November


date: November 14

text: November 14 – 1935 United Kingdom general election: Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin returns to office at the head of a National Government led by the Conservative Party, with a large but reduced majority.


date: November 25

text: November 25 – After 11 years in exile, George II returns to Greek soil as King of Greece at Corfu, from London.


date: December 18

text: December 18 – The socialist party of Sri Lanka, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, is founded.

source_section: Events › December


text: December 18 – Samuel Hoare resigns as British foreign secretary, and is replaced by Anthony Eden.


date: March 1

text: March 1 – 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt: Nikolaos Plastiras, Anastasios Papoulas and other Venizelists lead a coup against the People's Party government in Greece. The attempt is suppressed by March 11, and the leaders condemned to death for treason.


date: March 19

text: March 19 – Harlem riot of 1935: A race riot breaks out in Harlem (New York City), after a rumor circulates that a teenage Puerto Rican shoplifter in the S. H. Kress & Co. department store has been brutally beaten.


date: April 27

text: April 27 – Sheffield Wednesday beat West Bromwich Albion 4–2 at Wembley Stadium in England to win the FA Cup final.


date: May 13

text: May 13 – T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") is involved in a motorcycle accident, near his home in Dorset, England, resulting in his death a few days later.


date: June 9

text: June 9 – He–Umezu Agreement: China's Kuomintang government concedes Japanese military control of north-eastern China.


date: June 12

text: June 12 – The Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia ends.


date: August 16

text: August 16 – Representatives of France, Britain and Italy meet in Paris in an unsuccessful attempt to negotiate a solution to the Abyssinia Crisis.


date: October 2

text: October 2–3 – The Second Italo-Ethiopian War begins, as Italian General Emilio De Bono invades Ethiopia.


date: December 27

text: December 27 – In China, Mao Zedong issues the Wayaobu Manifesto, On Tactics Against Japanese Imperialism, calling for a National United Front against the Japanese invasion.


date: May 29

text: May 29 – The French Compagnie Générale Transatlantique ocean liner sets out on her maiden voyage from Le Havre to New York, which she will reach in 4 days, 3 hours and 14 minutes, taking the Blue Riband; she gains the eastbound record on her return passage.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – sails from Southampton to Rosyth to be broken up.


date: October 6

text: October 6 – The wreckage of the RMS Lusitania is discovered.


date: November 22

text: November 22 – The flying boat China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California, United States, to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean; on November 29 the aircraft reaches its final destination, Manila, and delivers over 110,000 pieces of mail.


date: December 12

text: December 12 – The De La Warr Pavilion at Bexhill-on-Sea, designed by Erich Mendelsohn and Serge Chermayeff, a pioneering example of International Style architecture, opens in England.


date: April 17

text: April 17 – Sun Myung Moon, a teenage Presbyterian convert in Korea under Japanese rule, claims to have a revelation from Jesus, telling him to complete his mission from almost 2,000 years ago.


text: December 27 – In Germany, Regina Jonas becomes the first woman ever to receive semikhah (ordination) as a rabbi within Judaism. She will be killed in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944 and the next such ordination will be in 1972.


date: January 24

text: January 24 – The first canned beer is sold in Richmond, Virginia, United States, by Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company.


date: May 27

text: May 27 – Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (the "Sick Chicken Case"): The Supreme Court of the United States declares that the National Industrial Recovery Act, a major component of the New Deal, is unconstitutional.


date: May 31

text: May 31 – Twentieth Century Pictures and Fox Film Corporation merge to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation.


date: February 6

text: February 6 – Parker Brothers begins selling the board game Monopoly in the United States.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – The world's first regular television program (by Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow) is transmitted from the Funkturm in Berlin, Germany.


date: April 29

text: April 29 – The first edition of the Vuelta a España is raced, and goes on to become one of the 3 Grand Tours of road bicycle racing.


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Joseph Stalin opens the Moscow Metro to the public.


date: July 22

text: July 22 – Inauguration of the Brazilian radiophonic program A Voz do Brasil.


date: August 13

text: August 13 – An estimated 250 people are killed when a dam bursts near Ovada, Italy.


date: September 3

text: September 3 – English driver Sir Malcolm Campbell becomes the first person to drive an automobile at 300 miles per hour in Blue Bird, establishing a new absolute land speed record of 301.337 mph on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.


date: September 13

text: September 13 – American aviator Howard Hughes, flying the Hughes H-1 Racer, sets an airspeed record of 352 mph (566 km/h).


date: September 24

text: September 24 – Earl W. Bascom and his brother Weldon produce the first night rodeo held outdoors under electric lights, at Columbia, Mississippi.


date: September 29

text: September 29 – The London and North Eastern Railway's first A4 Class streamlined steam locomotive A4 2509 Silver Link makes her inaugural journey, from London King's Cross.


date: September 30

text: September 30 – The London and North Eastern Railway commences the Silver Jubilee, Britain's first streamline train service.


text: September 30 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Hoover Dam.


date: December 17

text: December 17 – The Douglas DST, prototype of the Douglas DC-3 airliner, first flies in the United States. More than 16,000 of the model will eventually be produced.


date: January 12

text: January 12 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first person to successfully complete a solo flight from Hawaii to California, a distance of 2408 mi.


date: February 26

text: February 26 – Robert Watson-Watt first demonstrates the use of radar to detect aircraft, at Daventry in the UK.


date: August 14

text: August 14 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act into law.


date: October 14

text: October 14 – The Turkish government had all Masonic lodges in the country abolished on the ground that Masonic principles are incompatible with nationalistic policy and their property transferred to the state.


date: November 23

text: November 23 – Jacques and Thérèse Tréfouël, Daniel Bovet and Federico Nitti, in the laboratory of Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, discover that sulfanilamide is the active component of Prontosil.


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Richard Hauptmann is convicted and sentenced to death for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. in the United States.


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.


date: September 15

text: September 15 – The Nuremberg Laws go into effect in Germany, removing citizenship from Jews.


date: June 24

text: June 24 – Ten people, including musician Carlos Gardel, are killed in a collision between two Ford Trimotor airplanes at Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín, Colombia.


date: April 14

text: April 14 – Dust Bowl: "Black Sunday", the great dust storm in the United States hits eastern New Mexico and Colorado, and western Oklahoma the hardest (it will be made famous by Woody Guthrie, in his "dust bowl ballads").


date: May 31

text: May 31 – 1935 Quetta earthquake: A 7.1 magnitude earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan, killing 40,000.


date: September 2

text: September 2 – 1935 Labor Day hurricane: The strongest hurricane ever to strike the United States landfalls in the Upper Florida Keys as a Category 5 storm with 185 mph winds, killing 423.


date: October 10

text: October 10 – A tornado destroys the 160 m ft wooden radio tower in Langenberg, Germany. As a result of this catastrophe, wooden radio towers are phased out.


date: February 15

text: February 15 – The discovery and clinical development of Prontosil, the first broadly effective antibiotic, is published in a series of articles by Gerhard Domagk and others in Germany's pre-eminent medical journal, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift.


date: April 11

text: April 11 – The 1935 Danish general election is held, resulting in Thorvald Stauning becoming the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Denmark.


date: April 24

text: April 24 – William Christian Bullitt Jr., the United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union, hosts the elaborately prepared Spring Ball of the Full Moon, which is said to have surpassed all other embassy parties in Moscow's history.


date: May 14

text: May 14 – Northamptonshire County Cricket Club gains (over Somerset at Taunton by 48 runs) what proves to be their last victory for 99 matches, easily a record in the County Championship. Their next Championship win is not until May 29, 1939.


date: June 13

text: June 13 – James J. Braddock defeats Max Baer at Madison Square Garden Bowl, to win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world.


date: October 21

text: October 21 – Grant v Australian Knitting Mills, a landmark case in consumer law, is decided on appeal in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the U.K.


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Hanshin Tigers, a well known professional baseball club of Japan, is founded in Osaka.


date: December 12

text: December 12 – The Lebensborn program in support of Nazi eugenics is founded by Heinrich Himmler in Germany.


date: December 28

text: December 28 – Pravda publishes a letter from Pavel Postyshev, who revives the New Year tree tradition in the Soviet Union.


date: January 16

text: January 16 – A. J. Foyt, American race car driver

source_section: Births › January


date: April 18

text: April 18 – Joanne Brekke, American politician (d. 2017)

source_section: Births › April


date: April 25

text: April 25 – Jim Peebles, Canadian-born theoretical cosmologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics


text: June 13 – Samak Sundaravej, 25th Prime Minister of Thailand (2008) (d. 2009)

source_section: Births › June


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Jack Kemp, American football player, U.S. vice presidential candidate (d. 2009)

source_section: Births › July


date: July 14

text: July 14 – Ei-ichi Negishi, Japanese chemist and Nobel laureate (d. 2021)


date: August 26

text: August 26 – Geraldine Ferraro, U.S. Congresswoman, vice presidential candidate (d. 2011)

source_section: Births › August


date: September 9

text: September 9 – Chaim Topol, Israeli actor and singer (Fiddler on the Roof) (d. 2023)

source_section: Births › September


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Jerry Lee Lewis, American rock & roll musician (d. 2022)


date: November 8

text: November 8 – Alain Delon, French actor (d. 2024)

source_section: Births › November


date: November 15

text: November 15 – Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestine National Authority


date: December 4

text: December 4 – Paul H. O'Neill, 72nd US Treasury Secretary (d. 2020)

source_section: Births › December


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Dharmendra, Indian film actor, producer and politician (d. 2025)


date: December 11

text: December 11 – Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician, 13th President of India (d. 2020)


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Ali of Hejaz, former King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca (b. 1879)

source_section: Deaths › February


date: March 6

text: March 6 – Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1841)

source_section: Deaths › March


date: April 14

text: April 14 – Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)

source_section: Deaths › April


date: May 12

text: May 12 – Józef Piłsudski, Polish politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1867)

source_section: Deaths › May


date: May 14

text: May 14 – Magnus Hirschfeld, German sex researcher, gay rights advocate (b. 1868)


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Kazimir Malevich, Polish-Russian painter, art theoretician (b. 1879)


date: May 21

text: May 21 – Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1860)


date: June 6

text: June 6 – Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, British general, 12th Governor General of Canada (b. 1862)

source_section: Deaths › June


date: July 17

text: July 17 – Cudjoe Lewis (Oluale Kossola), the last known surviving male victim of Clotilda, the last ship of the Atlantic slave trade (born c. 1841)

source_section: Deaths › July


date: August 17

text: August 17 – Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist and writer (b. 1860)

source_section: Deaths › August


date: September 8

text: September 8 – Carl Weiss, American physician and murderer of Huey Long (b. 1906)

source_section: Deaths › September


date: September 10

text: September 10 – Huey Long, American politician (assassinated 2 days before) (b. 1893)


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist (b. 1857)


date: October 22

text: October 22 – Edward Carson, Baron Carson, Irish lawyer and politician (b. 1854)

source_section: Deaths › October


date: February 16

text: February 16 – 1936 Spanish general election: The left-wing Popular Front coalition takes a majority.

source_section: Events › January–February


date: March 7

text: March 7 – In violation of the Treaty of Versailles and Locarno Treaties, Nazi Germany reoccupies the Rhineland. Hitler and other Nazis later admit that the French army alone could have destroyed the Wehrmacht.

source_section: Events › March–April


date: March 9

text: March 9 – Pro-democratic militarist Keisuke Okada steps down as Prime Minister of Japan and is replaced by radical militarist Kōki Hirota.


date: May 9

text: May 9 – Speaking in Rome, Benito Mussolini announces the foundation of the empire, as Italian East Africa is formed from the Italian territories of Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland.

source_section: Events › May–June


date: July 20

text: July 20 – The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits is signed in Montreux, allowing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.

source_section: Events › July–August


date: August 26

text: August 26 – The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 is signed.


date: September 9

text: September 9 – The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence is signed.

source_section: Events › September–October


date: September 28

text: September 28 – After the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber, Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp and his "Holiday Cabinet" ("Semesterregeringen") resign (though he remains as Minister of Agriculture) and Per Albin Hansson returns as Prime Minister, staying in office until his death from a heart attack in 1946.


date: October 25

text: October 25 – The Italo-German protocol of 23 October 1936 is signed, resulting in the creation of the Axis.


date: November 25

text: November 25 – The Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Germany and Japan.

source_section: Events › November–December


date: December 5

text: December 5 – The 1936 Soviet Constitution, promulgated by Stalin, is adopted in the Soviet Union. The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic is dissolved, and Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia become full Republics of the Soviet Union.


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Edward VIII abdication crisis: King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom signs an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere, Surrey in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York, The Duke of Gloucester and The Duke of Kent.


date: December 11

text: December 11 – Taking the opportunity to free itself further from ties to the United Kingdom, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State passes the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936, removing most powers from the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, and the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 (signed into law December 12), assenting to the abdication and restricting the power of the monarch in relation to Ireland to international affairs.


text: December 11 – Edward VIII abdication crisis: The British Parliament passes His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 on behalf of the U.K., Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The King performs his last act as sovereign by giving Royal Assent to the Act, and his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York, becomes King, reigning as King George VI. The former King, now HRH Prince Edward, makes a broadcast to the nation explaining his decision to abdicate, and leaves the country for Austria.


date: January 8

text: January 8 – Reza Shah of Iran issues the Kashf-e hijab which bans all Islamic veils such as the hijab, in addition to many types of male traditional clothing


date: February 10

text: February 10–19 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Amba Aradam – Italian forces gain a decisive tactical victory, effectively neutralizing the army of the Ethiopian Empire.