text: Pietro II and Capodistria make a trade agreement without imperial authorization, the self-proclaimed "Marquis" Wintkar forbids repaying any debts to Venice. Pietro begins an economic blockade of Istrian cities.


date: August 28

section: Births

text: August 28 – Richard I, duke of Normandy (d. 996)

source_section: Births


date: September 26

text: September 26 – Al-Mu'izz, Fatimid caliph (d. 975)


text: Sancho I (the Fat), king of León (approximate date)


text: Miskawayh, Persian philosopher and historian (d. 1030)


text: Abu Firas al-Hamdani, Arab prince and poet (or 933)


date: May 6

section: Deaths

text: May 6 – Qian Liu, Chinese warlord and king (b. 852)

source_section: Deaths


date: May 18

text: May 18 – Ma Shaohong, general of Later Tang


date: June 1

text: June 1 – Thietmar, duke of Saxony


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Dong Zhang, Chinese general


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Ma Xisheng, king of Chu (b. 899)


date: October 31

text: October 31 – Al-Muqtadir, Abbasid caliph (b. 895)


text: Reginar II, Frankish nobleman (b. 890)


text: Fujiwara no Sadakata, Japanese poet (b. 873)


text: Isaac Judaeus, Arab Jewish physician (approximate date)


text: Rollo, duke of Normandy (approximate date)


text: Orso II Participazio, doge of Venice


section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: William I ("Longsword"), duke of Normandy, recognises King Rudolph as his overlord. In turn he gives William the Cotentin Peninsula and the Channel Islands.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


date: March 15

section: Conflict & Security

text: March 15 – Battle of Merseburg: King Henry I ("the Fowler") defeats the Magyars near Merseburg after his refusal to pay the annual tribute. During Henry's lifetime they never raid the East Frankish Kingdom again.


text: Fatimid forces fail to seize the Maghreb al-Aqsa (modern Morocco) from the local Berber tribes allied to the Iberia-based Caliphate of Córdoba.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


section: Exploration & Expansion

text: Spring – Hugh of Provence, king of Italy, launches an expedition to Rome to remove the Roman ruler (princeps) Alberic II and avenge his humiliation (see 932). It fails, however, as Roman civic militias repel the Lombard army. Hugh ravages the Italian countryside, before he withdraws to Pavia.


section: Disasters & Accidents

text: Prince Edwin, the youngest son of the late King Edward the Elder, is drowned en route to the West Frankish Kingdom and buried at Saint-Bertin.

source_section: Events › By place › England


text: Al-Hakim Nishapuri, Persian Sunni scholar (d. 1014)


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Li Renfu, Chinese warlord and governor


date: March 16

text: March 16 – Takin al-Khazari, Abbasid governor of Egypt


date: November 21

text: November 21 – Al-Tahawi, Arab imam and scholar (b. 853)


date: December 9

text: December 9 – Li Congrong, prince of Later Tang


date: December 15

text: December 15 – Li Siyuan, emperor of Later Tang (b. 867)


date: December 18

text: December 18 – Yaonian Yanmujin, Chinese empress dowager


text: Fujiwara no Kanesuke, Japanese nobleman (b. 877)


text: Shaghab, mother and de facto co-ruler of Al-Muqtadir


text: Acfred II, count of Carcassonne and Razès (France)


text: Du Guangting, Chinese Taoist priest and writer (b. 850)


text: Alfonso IV, king of León and Galicia (Spain)


text: Ibn Duraid, Arab poet and philologist (b. 837)


text: Mu'nis al-Muzaffar, Abbasid general


text: Tryphon, patriarch of Constantinople


text: King Tewdwr of Brycheiniog attends the court of King Æthelstan and signs the English Land Charters. Kings Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Idwal Foel of Gwynedd and Morgan Mwynfawr ("the Old") of Morgannwg are compelled to accompany Æthelstan on his campaign against King Constantine II of Scotland.


text: Haakon I ("the Good"), a son of the late King Harald Fairhair, once again reunites the kingdom after he has deposed his half-brother Eric Bloodaxe. Haakon is installed as king of Norway.


text: Goryeo forces push the army of Hubaekje back into its heartland and defeat them finally at Hongseong (modern South Korea).

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Summer – Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III invades Navarra and forces Queen Toda to submit to him. Her son the 15-year-old King García Sánchez I becomes a vassal of the Caliphate of Córdoba.


text: King Henry I ("the Fowler") pacifies the territories to the north, where the Danish Vikings have been harrying the Frisians by sea. He defeats the Danes petty King Gnupa, and conquers Hedeby.


text: Spring and Summer – The Hungarians make an alliance with the Pechenegs, and fight their way through Thrace to Constantinople.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: Battle of W.l.n.d.r: The Hungarians and Pechenegs kill Constantinople's inhabitants, inflict severe damage on the countryside, and defeat both the Byzantine Empire and Bulgaria, forcing them to pay tribute. Emperor Romanos I signs a peace treaty with the Hungarians.


date: April 24

section: Religion & Belief

text: April 24 – Abbasid caliph al-Qahir is deposed and blinded; he is succeeded by his nephew ar-Radi.

source_section: Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate


text: Summer – Ali ibn Buya, a Samanid governor, takes advantage of the anarchy in Persia and conquers Fars (modern Iran). He founds the Buyid Dynasty, and makes Shiraz his capital. Ali seeks the recognition of the Abbasid caliph Ar-Radi, who confirms him later as his viceroy.


text: Einsiedeln Abbey, a Benedictine monastery, is founded (modern Switzerland).

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


section: Climate & Environment

text: The Eldgjá volcanic eruption is the largest basalt flood in history (first documented).


text: Dong Yuan, Chinese painter (approximate date)


text: Wolfgang, bishop of Regensburg (approximate date)


date: March 4

text: March 4 – Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 873)


text: March 16 – Meng Zhixiang, a military governor (jiedushi), declares himself emperor (formally called "Gaozu") and establishes Later Shu as a new Chinese state, independent of Later Tang. He dies after a short-lived five-month reign and is succeeded by his son Meng Chang.


date: May 9

text: May 9 – Wang Sitong, Chinese general and governor (b. 892)


date: May 14

text: May 14 – Zhu Hongzhao, Chinese general and governor


text: May 14 – Feng Yun, Chinese chancellor (approximate date)


date: May 16

text: May 16 – Meng Hanqiong, eunuch official of Later Tang


date: September 7

text: September 7 – Meng Zhixiang, Chinese general (b. 874)


date: November 1

text: November 1 – Beornstan, bishop of Winchester


date: November 2

text: November 2 – Emma, queen of the West Frankish Kingdom


text: Sale Ngahkwe, king of Pagan (Burma)


text: Xu Zhixun, general of Wu (Ten Kingdoms)


text: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, Abbasid mathematician and physician


text: Melias, Byzantine general (strategos)


text: Gofraid ua Ímair, Viking leader and king of Dublin


date: March

text: March – King Kyŏn Hwŏn of Later Baekje is overthrown by his eldest son Kyŏn Sin-gŏm (who is crowned on November 15) and put in prison, but he is able to escape.


date: November 17

text: November 17 – Wang Yanjun, Emperor Huizong of Min (Ten Kingdoms), is killed in his own palace in an uprising together with his empress consort and several clansmen, and succeeded as second emperor by his son Wang Jipeng.


text: Ziri ibn Manad is installed as governor of central Maghreb. He initiates the construction of the fortress of Ashir, near Médéa (modern Algeria). It symbolises the rise of the Zirid dynasty in the Western Mediterranean region.


text: Spring – Arnulf I ("the Bad") of Bavaria invades Italy, crossing through the Upper Adige (modern Tyrol). He proceeds towards Verona to join his supporters. King Hugh of Provence takes a Burgundian army against him, and defeats Arnulf at Gossolengo, forcing him to return to Bavaria.


text: King Gyeongsun, the last ruler of Unified Silla, formally surrenders and abdicates in favour of Taejo of Goryeo. This completes Taejo's unification of Korea, bringing the Silla dynasty to an end.


text: Summer – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid is appointed governor and becomes the ruler of Egypt and parts of Syria (or the Levant). He launches a campaign against his rival Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh by land and sea: the naval forces take Tinnis and ibn Kayghalagh is forced to retreat. Ibn Tughj enters Fustat, making it his capital, and founds the Ikhshidid dynasty, marking Egypt's independence as an autonomous state.


text: Córdoba, capital of Al-Andalus, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.


text: Ki no Tsurayuki returns to Kyoto from Tosa Province, a journey that becomes the basis of the earliest surviving Japanese poetic diary, called the Tosa Nikki (Tosa Diary).


text: Summer – Fatimid caliph al-Qa'im dispatches a naval expedition under Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi to raid the coast of Provence and Liguria, sacking Genoa on 16 August and attacking Pisa. Ya'qub also raids Corsica and Sardinia before returning to Mahdia with some 8,000 prisoners.


date: January

section: Crime & Justice

text: January – Emir Mardavij, founder of the Ziyarid dynasty, is murdered by his Turkish slaves. He is succeeded by his brother and general Vushmgir, who is crowned as the new Ziyarid ruler in Rey (modern Iran).

source_section: Events › By place › Arabian Empire


date: September 28

text: September 28 (probable year) – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (the subject of the 1853 Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas") is murdered by a group of nobles led by his brother Boleslaus I ("the Cruel"), who succeeds him.


text: Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, Mu'tazilite theologian (d. 1025)


text: Folcuin, Frankish abbot of Saint Bertin (approximate date)


text: Eochaid ua Flannacáin, Irish cleric and poet (d. 1004)


text: Gerard of Toul, German priest and bishop (d. 994)


text: Elvira Ramírez, princess and regent of León (approximate date)


text: Wulfrun, English noblewoman (approximate date)


text: Hrosvitha, German canoness and poet (approximate date)


text: Ukhtanes of Sebastia, Armenian historian (d. 1000)


text: Michitsuna no Haha, Japanese female poet (d. 995)


text: Gao Qiong, Chinese general and governor (jiedushi) (d. 1006)


date: January 22

text: January 22 – Ma, empress of Southern Han


text: January – Mardavij, founder of the Ziyarid dynasty (Iran), assassinated


text: September 28 – Wenceslaus I, duke of Bohemia (b. c. 907), assassinated


date: October 24

text: October 24 – Li Yu, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of Min (b. 893)


text: Niftawayh, Abbasid scholar and grammarian (b. 858)


text: Winter (probable year) – Pope John XI, the son of de facto Roman ruler Marozia, dies at Rome after a four-year reign, aged between 25 and 27.


text: Yang Dongqian, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Zhao Feng, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Govinda IV, ruler of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty (India)


text: Li Yichao, Chinese warlord and governor (jiedushi)


text: Trpimir II, king of Croatia (approximate date)


text: Dai Siyuan, general of Later Liang (Five Dynasties)


text: Wang Yanjun, emperor of Min (Ten Kingdoms)


text: King Æthelstan sets the border between the Kingdom of England and Cornwall as the east bank of the River Tamar.


date: November 28

text: November 28 – Shi Jingtang is enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Tai Zong, ruler of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty, following a revolt against his rival, emperor Fei of Later Tang.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: Spring – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, ruler of Egypt and Syria, defeats the Fatimid forces near Alexandria. He drives them out of the city, forcing the Fatimids to retreat from Egypt to their base at Cyrenaica.


text: A Hungarian army invades Franconia and occupies Fulda. They are attacked by East Frankish forces and forced to go westwards. Otto I moves against the rebellious Elbe Slavs.


section: Health & Medicine

text: Summer – Hugh of Provence, king of Italy, dispatches his son and co-ruler Lothair II with a third expedition to Rome to dislodge Alberic II. Assault after assault is repulsed by the Roman civic militia. At length, weakened by an epidemic, the Lombard nobles press on Hugh to accept a peace treaty mediated by Odo of Cluny.


text: Summer – Ibn Muqla, an Abbasid official and vizier, is disgraced after his failed campaign against Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, the rebellious governor of Wasit. He is arrested and imprisoned in Baghdad.


date: September 24

text: September 24 – 'Adud al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Dynasty (d. 983)


text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Muslim physician and surgeon (d. 1013)


text: Zhou ("the Elder"), queen consort of Southern Tang (approximate date)


text: Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandy (approximate date)


date: January 3

text: January 3 – Pope Leo VII succeeds John XI (who died the previous year) as the 126th pope of the Catholic Church.


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Xiao Wen, empress of the Liao Dynasty


date: June 19

text: June 19 – At Laon, Louis IV, the 14-year old son of the late King Charles the Simple, is crowned King of West Francia after being recalled from Wessex by Hugh the Great, count of Paris. Hugh, whose father, King Robert I, was killed in battle near Soissons in 923, is given the title Duke of the Franks and becomes the second most powerful man in the West Frankish Kingdom. The crowning of Louis IV follows the death of King Rudolph I at Auxerre earlier in the year.


date: July 2

text: July 2 – Henry the Fowler, king of the East Frankish Kingdom


text: July 2 – King Henry I ("the Fowler") dies at his royal palace in Memleben, Thuringia, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son Otto I, who is married to Eadgyth, a daughter of the late King Edward the Elder. Otto is the first German king to be crowned in Charlemagne's former capital of Aachen.


date: July 5

text: July 5 – Xu Ji, official and chancellor of Former Shu


date: September 17

text: September 17 – Unni, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen


date: September 27

text: September 27 – Kyŏn Hwŏn, king of Later Baekje (b. 867)


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Zhang Jingda, general of Later Tang


text: Ibn al-Mughallis, Muslim theologian and jurist


text: Andrew of Constantinople, Byzantine saint


text: Archbishop Unni of Hamburg-Bremen visits the king of Denmark Gorm and the king of the Swedes Ring before he dies in Birka.


text: Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, Muslim Shafi'i scholar (b. 874)


text: Al-Muntakhab al-Hasan, ruler of the Rassid Dynasty


date: November 10

text: November 10 – Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang Pu. The Wu State is replaced and Li (called "Xu Zhigao") becomes the first emperor of Southern Tang, one of the Ten Kingdoms in southern China.


text: Magdeburg becomes the capital of the East Frankish Kingdom, after a Diet held by King Otto I (approximate date).


text: A Hungarian army invades Burgundy, and burns the city of Tournus. Then they go southwards to Italy, pillaging the environs of Naples, Benevento and Monte Cassino. When the Hungarians return home, they are attacked in the Apennine Mountains by Lombard forces, losing their plunder (approximate date).


text: Winter – Gero succeeds his brother Siegfried after his death. King Otto I appoints him as count and margrave of a vast border region around Merseburg that abuts the Wends on the River Saale (Lower Saxony).


text: Battle of Brunanburh: King Æthelstan defeats a combined Northern Army under the kings Olaf of Dublin, Constantine II of Scotland and Owain of Strathclyde. Though none of the British monarchs appear to have taken part, the people of Strathclyde were a major contingent under their Scottish king.


text: King Otto I refuses to give land to his older (illegitimate) half-brother Thankmar, who gains the support of Eberhard III (duke of Franconia) and Wichmann the Elder, and seizes the fortress of Eresburg. Otto assumes direct rule over Franconia, and dissolves it into smaller counties.


text: Winter – The Later Tang falls to the Later Jin (during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period) founded by Emperor Shi Jingtang (posthumously known as "Gaozu of Jin").


section: Culture & Society

text: King Hugh of Arles (king of Italy) travels to Colombier (Switzerland) and marries Rudolph's widow Bertha. He takes Conrad I under his tutelage and betroths Rudolph's 6-year-old daughter Adelaide with his own son and co-ruler Lothair II.


text: William IV, duke of Aquitaine (d. 994)


text: Li Yu, ruler of Southern Tang (approximate date)


text: Haakon Sigurdsson, Viking ruler (d. 995)


text: Bagrat II, king of Iberia and Kartli (d. 994)


text: Meng Xuanzhe, prince of Later Shu (d. 991)


text: Attilanus, bishop of Zamora (d. 1007)


text: Khalaf ibn Ahmad, Saffarid emir (d. 1009)


text: Gu Hongzhong, Chinese painter (d. 975)


date: January 11

text: January 11 – Cao, empress of Later Tang


text: January 11 – Liu, empress of Later Tang


text: January 11 – Li Congke, emperor of Later Tang (b. 885)


date: January 14

text: January 14 – Zhang Yanlang, Chinese official


date: July 11

text: July 11 – King Rudolph II of Burgundy dies after a 25-year reign, and is succeeded by his 12-year-old son Conrad I ("the Peaceful"). His wife, Queen Bertha, takes effective control of unified Burgundy, transferring its capital to Arles (that Burgundian kingdom was later known from the 12th century as the Kingdom of Arles).


text: July 11 – Rudolph II, king of Burgundy


date: July 14

text: July 14 – Arnulf I, duke of Bavaria


date: October 10

text: October 10 – Wang Lingmou, chancellor of Wu


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Siegfried, Frankish nobleman


text: Abbo, adviser and bishop of Soissons


text: Gebeachan, king of the Isles (Hebrides)


text: Xu Jingqian, official and regent of Wu (b. 919)


text: Yang Meng, prince of Wu (Ten Kingdoms)


text: David ibn Merwan, Jewish philosopher


date: July

text: July – King Otto I besieges the fortress of Eresburg. He defeats his half-brother Thankmar and kills him as he tries to find sanctuary. Eberhard III, duke of Franconia, is banished and replaced by his uncle Berthold.


text: Battle of Bach Dang: Tĩnh Hải Quân forces under the rule of Ngô Quyền defeated an invading force of the Southern Han state at the Bach Dang River. This put an end to Chinese imperial domination in Vietnam after nearly 1,000 years.


text: The Sixteen Prefectures, which includes the area around modern-day Beijing, are absorbed in the Khitan Empire.


text: Fall – Otto I defeats in two campaigns a series of uprisings in Saxony, Franconia and Lotharingia. He signs a "friendship pact" with King Louis IV ("d'Outremer") of the West Frankish Kingdom.


text: Summer – The Hungarian army invades Northern Italy with the permission of King Hugh of Arles. They cross the Apennines, and sack the Lombard lands in Tuscany, Lazio and Campania. Finally, the Hungarians are defeated at Wolfenbüttel by a Saxon army.


date: September 14

text: September 14 – Sahib ibn Abbad, Buyid grand vizier (d. 995)


text: Olaf the Peacock, Icelandic merchant and chieftain (approximate date)


text: Sancho II, king of Navarre (approximate date)


text: García Fernández, count of Castile and Álava (approximate date)


text: Beatrice of France, duchess regent of Upper Lorraine (approximate date)


text: Almanzor, Umayyad vizier and de facto ruler (approximate date)


text: Romanos II, Byzantine emperor (d. 963)


date: February 3

text: February 3 – Zhou Ben, general of Wu (b. 862)


date: July 28

text: July 28 – Thankmar, half-brother of Otto I (during the Siege of Eresburg)


text: Lady Peng, noblewoman of Chu (Ten Kingdoms)


text: Lady Ise, Japanese noblewoman and poet (b. 875) (approximate date)


text: Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Khara'iti, Abbasid theologian


text: Shen Song, chancellor of Wuyue (b. 863)


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Battle of Trans-la-Forêt: Bretons defeat Viking occupiers.


date: August 5

text: August 5 – Battle of Alhandic: Abd-al-Rahman III defeats the garrison of those loyal to Ramiro II at Zamora, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista.


date: October 2

text: October 2 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard III, duke of Franconia, and other Frankish dukes, in Andernach on the Rhine River. Otto prevails, with support from Odo of Wetterau. Eberhard is killed while Gilbert, duke of Lotharingia (or Lorraine) drowns when trying to escape.


text: The Major Occultation (or Al-Ghaybah al-Kubra) of Muhammad al-Mahdi occurs (approximate date).


text: Taira no Masakado, a Japanese nobleman, leads one of the largest insurgent forces in the Heian period against the imperial court at Kyoto. Masakado has acquired enough power to govern the Kantō region (northwest of Edo) and calls himself the 'new emperor' (shinnō).


text: Ngô Quyền, who the previous year defeated the Chinese at the Battle of Bạch Đằng (938) thereby regaining Vietnamese independence after 1000 years, becomes king of Vietnam.


text: Hugh the Great, count of Paris, rebels against King Louis IV ("d'Outremer") and gains support from William I, duke of Normandy. Hugh, along with Herbert II, count of Vermandois, Arnulf I, count of Flanders and William pay homage to King Otto I (ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom), and support him in his struggle against Louis.


date: November 20

text: November 20 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Song dynasty (d. 997)


text: Hai Gaon, Jewish theologian and rabbi (d. 1038)


text: Fujiwara no Takamitsu, Japanese waka poet (approximate date)


date: January 21

text: January 21 – Yang Pu, emperor of Wu (b. 900)


date: May 25

text: May 25 – Yao Yanzhang, general of Chu


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church


text: July 13 – Pope Leo VII dies at Rome after a 3½-year reign. He is succeeded by Stephen VIII as the 127th pope of the Catholic Church.


date: August 29

text: August 29 – Li Chunyan, empress of Min (Ten Kingdoms)


text: October 2 – Gilbert, duke of Lotharingia


text: October 2 – Eberhard III, duke of Franconia


date: October 27

text: October 27 – King Æthelstan dies at Gloucester after a 15-year reign. He is buried at Malmesbury Abbey and succeeded by his half-brother, Edmund I ("the Magnificent"). After Æthelstan's death Olaf Guthfrithson (or his cousin, Anlaf Cuaran) a Viking leader who rules Dublin, is proclaimed king of York (south of Northumbria).


text: October 27 – Æthelstan, king of England


date: November 28

text: November 28 – Lady Ma, Chinese noblewoman (b. 890)


text: Pietro II Candiano, doge of Venice


text: Ashot the Swift, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)


text: Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi, Twelver Shi'a scholar


year_label: 94 CE

text: The Chinese General Ban Chao completes his conquest of the Tarim Basin by taking Yānqi, which is located on the strategic Silk Road.

source_title: AD 94


text: The Roman poet Publius Papinius Statius retires to Naples from Rome (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Literature


text: Domitian banishes all Stoic philosophers from Rome.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Emperor Domitian rebuilds and rededicates the Curia Julia (meeting place of the Roman Senate), which had burned down in AD 64.


text: An of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 125)


text: Guo Gong [ zh], Eastern Han Dynasty official


date: March 25

text: March 25 – Taira no Masakado, the self-proclaimed "New Emperor" (新皇), is subdued by local rivals who revolt against his rule. His forces are defeated by his cousin, Taira no Sadamori, in Shimōsa Province. Masakado's head is brought back to Emperor Suzaku in Tokyo.

source_section: Events › By place › Japan


text: The tribe of the Polans begins the construction of the following fortified settlements (Giecz, Bnin, Ląd, Gniezno, Poznań, Grzybowo and Ostrów Lednicki) in Greater Poland. The Piast Dynasty under Duke Siemomysł gains control over other groups of Polans along the Upper Vistula, and establishes their rule around Giecz (approximate date).


text: Narita-san ("New victory temple"), a Shingon Buddhist temple, is founded in Chiba (Japan).


text: Saadia Gaon, a Jewish rabbi and philosopher, compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book) in Arabic and synagogal poetry in modern-day Iraq (approximate date).


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani, Persian mathematician and astronomer (d. 998)


text: Chavundaraya, Indian general, architect and poet (d. 989)


text: Baldwin III ("the Young"), Frankish nobleman (approximate date)


text: Ferdowsi, Persian poet and author (approximate date)


text: Sulayman al-Ghazzi, Arab poet and bishop of Gaza (approximate date)


text: Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, French queen and regent (d. 1026)


text: Wulfhilda of Barking, English nun and abbess (approximate date)


text: George El Mozahem, Egyptian martyr and saint (d. 969)


text: Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (approximate date)


text: Notker of Liège, French bishop and prince-bishop (d. 1008)


text: Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, Persian mathematician and physicist (approximate date)


text: Leopold I, margrave of Austria (approximate date)


text: Eadwig ("the All-Fair"), king of England (approximate date)


text: Thorgeir Ljosvetningagodi, Icelandic lawspeaker (approximate date)


text: March 25 – Taira no Masakado, Japanese nobleman and samurai


date: May 12

text: May 12 – Eutychius, patriarch of Alexandria (b. 877)


date: June 7

text: June 7 – Qian Hongzun, heir apparent of Wuyue (b. 925)


date: July 4

text: July 4 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871)


date: July 20

text: July 20 – Ibn Muqla, Abbasid vizier and calligrapher


text: August 5 – Li Decheng, Chinese general (b. 863)


date: September 30

text: September 30 – Fan Yanguang, Chinese general


date: November 8

text: November 8 – Yao Yi, Chinese chancellor (b. 866)


date: November 14

text: November 14 – Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami, Samanid vizier


date: December 23

text: December 23 – Ar-Radi, Abbasid caliph (b. 909)


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Makan ibn Kaki, Daylamite warlord


text: Yang Lian, crown prince of Wu (Ten Kingdoms)


text: Atenulf II, prince of Benevento and Capua (Italy)


text: Zhao Guangyi, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Spring – Henry I, duke of Bavaria, plots to assassinate his brother, King Otto I, at the royal palace in Quedlinburg (modern Saxony-Anhalt), but the conspiracy is discovered and Henry is put in captivity in Ingelheim. He is released after doing penance at Christmas.


text: Fall – Hugh of Provence, king of Italy, leads a fourth expedition to Rome to dislodge Alberic II. He proceeds to Lazio, preparing a campaign to capture the papal capital. Again the attacks fail and Hugh retreats to Milan.


section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: Kaminarimon, the eight-pillared gate to the Sensō-ji Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan, is erected.


text: Olaf Guthfrithson, a Norse-Irish chieftain, is killed while raiding an ancient Anglian church at Tyninghame (Northern Northumbria). He is succeeded by his cousin Olaf Sigtryggsson as ruler of Jórvik (modern Yorkshire).


date: March 9

text: March 9 – The famed Green Dome of the Palace of the Golden Gate at Baghdad collapses, amidst heavy rainfall.

source_section: Events › By place › Middle East


text: Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (approximate date) (d. 1014)


text: Lothair III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (d. 986)


text: Lê Hoàn, emperor of the Early Lê Dynasty (Vietnam) (d.1005)


text: Ibn Furak, Muslim imam, jurist and theologian (d. 1015)


text: Hugh Capet, first of the Capetian Kings of France (d. 996)


date: January 5

text: January 5 – Zhang Yanhan, Chinese chancellor (b. 884)


date: February 12

text: February 12 – Wulfhelm, archbishop of Canterbury


date: April 21

text: April 21 – Bajkam, Turkish military commander


text: Qian Yuanguan, king of Wuyue (b. 887)


text: Olaf Guthfrithson, Viking leader and king


text: Gurgen II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)


text: Jayavarman IV, Angkorian king (Cambodia)


text: Oda ("the Good") is appointed archbishop of Canterbury in England after the death of Wulfhelm.


text: Zhao Sun, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Wang Dingbao, Chinese chancellor (b. 870)


text: Rudaki ("Adam of Poets"), Persian poet (b. 858)


text: Órlaith íngen Cennétig, Irish queen


text: Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Persian scholar (b. 864)


text: Fujiwara no Sumitomo, Japanese nobleman


text: Hywel Dda, king of Deheubarth, annexes Gwynedd and Powys, to become the sole ruler of most of Wales.


text: Mularaja, founder of the Chaulukya Dynasty, supplants the last Chavda ruler, Samanta-Simha, in Gujarat (modern India). He founds an independent kingdom with his capital in Anahilapataka (approximate date).


date: December 17

text: December 17 – William I ("Longsword"), duke of Normandy, is ambushed and assassinated by supporters of Arnulf I ("the Great"), count of Flanders, while the two are at a peace conference at Picquigny (on an island on the Somme) to settle their differences. William is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Richard.


text: Idwal Foel, king of Gwynedd, openly rebels against the overlordship of Edmund I. He and Llywelyn ap Merfyn, king of Pows, are killed fighting the English forces.


text: Fall – Hugh of Provence makes a truce with the Moors of Fraxinet, after hearing the news that a Swabian army is about to descend on Italy. He allows the Moors to attack the Alpine passes for his own political ends in his struggle with Berengar of Ivrea. The Byzantines cry foul and end their alliance with Hugh.


text: Winter – The Hungarians raid Friuli and descend into central Italy. Hugh of Provence grants them a large sum of tribute if they return to the Gothic March or Spain. The Hungarians refuse the offer and raid the countryside of Lazio, destroying the region of Sabina.


text: King Edmund I moves with his army north to reconquer the Five Boroughs (the five main towns of Danish Mercia) in modern-day East Midlands from the Norse-Irish king Olaf Sigtryggsson.


text: Summer – The Hungarians invade Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and besiege the fortress city of Lerida. They devastate Cerdanya and Huesca, and capture Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn al Tawil, Umayyad governor (wali) of the town of Barbastro. Lacking food stores and sufficient forage, the Hungarians retreat to the Gothic March.


text: Battle of Fraxinet: King Hugh of Provence launches an attack on Fraxinet, the Moorish fortress on the Côté d'Azur that had taken control of the Piedmontese valleys. With the assistance of a Byzantine fleet sent by Emperor Romanos I, Hugh lays siege to the Moorish fortress with the help of Hungarian auxiliary troops (Kabars).


date: March 7

text: March 7 – Mu'ayyad al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Dynasty (d. 983)


text: Fujiwara no Tamemitsu, Japanese statesman (d. 992)


text: Genshin, Japanese Tendai scholar (d. 1017)


text: Liu Chang, emperor of Southern Han (d. 980)


text: Wang, empress of the Song Dynasty (d. 963)


text: Sŏ Hŭi, Korean politician and diplomat (d. 998)


text: Sabur ibn Ardashir, Persian statesman (d. 1025)


text: Sviatoslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (approximate date)


text: Sabuktigin, emir of Ghazna (approximate date)


date: January 21

text: January 21 – An Chongrong, Chinese general (Five Dynasties)


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, Abbasid de facto regent


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Liu Yan, emperor of Southern Han (b. 889)


date: July 28

text: July 28 – Shi Jingtang, emperor of Later Jin (b. 892)


date: August 24

text: August 24 – Liu, empress dowager of Later Jin


date: November 18

text: November 18 – Odo of Cluny, Frankish abbot


text: December 17 – William I, duke of Normandy (b.c. 893)


text: Fall – Pope Stephen VIII tries to negotiate a peace that will end the feud between Alberic II, de facto ruler of Rome, and Hugh of Provence (his stepfather) but he dies after a 3-year reign. Stephen is succeeded by Marinus II as the 128th pope of the Catholic Church.


text: Stephen VIII, pope of the Catholic Church


text: An Congjin, Chinese general and governor


text: Pietro Participazio, doge of Venice (Italy)


text: Idwal Foel, king of Gwynedd (Wales)


text: Fulk I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)


text: Saadia Gaon, Jewish philosopher and exegete


text: King Edmund I ravages Strathclyde and defeats the Scottish king Constantine II, who has reigned as king of Alba since 900. Constantine, ruler of the 'Picts and Scots', abdicates to enter a monastery and yields control of his realm to his cousin Malcolm I.


text: Spring – Allied with the Rus', a Hungarian army raids Moesia and Thrace. Emperor Romanos I buys peace, and accepts to pay a yearly tribute (protection money) to the Hungarians. His frontiers now 'protected' on the Balkan Peninsula, Romanos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (80,000 men) led by general John Kourkouas (his commander-in-chief) to invade northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).


text: Battle of Wels: A joint Bavarian–Carantanian army led by Bertold (duke of Bavaria) defeats the Hungarians near Wels (Upper Austria), who are attacked at a crossing of the Enns River at Ennsburg.


text: Caspian expeditions of the Rus': The Rus' under the Varangian prince Igor I of Kiev sail up the Kura River, deep into the Caucasus, and defeat the forces of the Sallarid ruler Marzuban ibn Muhammad. They capture the fortress city of Barda (modern Azerbaijan).


text: The Trinity Bridge at Crowland, Lincolnshire is described, in the 'Charter of Eadred'.


text: Emma of Paris, duchess consort of Normandy (d. 968)


text: Ibn Zur'a, Abbasid physician and philosopher (d. 1008)


text: Edgar I (the Peaceful), king of England (approximate date)


text: Dayang Jingxuan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1027)


text: Matilda, queen consort of Burgundy (approximate date)


date: February 23

text: February 23 – Herbert II, Frankish nobleman


text: February 23 – David I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)


date: February 26

text: February 26 – Muirchertach mac Néill, king of Ailech (Ireland)


date: March 16

text: March 16 – Pi Guangye, chancellor of Wuyue (b. 877)


date: March 30

text: March 30 – Li Bian, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 889)


date: April 6

text: April 6 – Liu Churang, Chinese general (b. 881)


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Landulf I, prince of Benevento and Capua (Italy)


date: April 15

text: April 15 – Liu Bin, emperor of Southern Han (b. 920)


date: April 18

text: April 18 – Fujiwara no Atsutada, Japanese nobleman (b. 906)


date: July 4

text: July 4 – Wang Kon, founder of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 877)


date: July 26

text: July 26 – Motoyoshi, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 890)


date: November 8

text: November 8 – Liu, empress of Qi (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 877)


text: Gagik I of Vaspurakan, Armenian king (or 936)


text: Xu Jie, Chinese officer and chancellor (b. 868)


text: King Hugh of Provence dispatches an embassy to King Otto I of the East Frankish Kingdom, offering a large sum of cash if he promises not to provide assistance to Berengar of Ivrea. Otto refuses this offer.


text: In Tĩnh Hải quân, after the demise of Ngô Quyền, Dương Tam Kha forced Ngô Xương Ngập, Kha's nephew-in-law, to abdicate and installed himself as king, calling himself Dương Bình Vương (King Ping of Yang).


text: King Edmund I regains (with the help of Danish settlers) the territory he ceded to Olaf Guthfrithson. He conquers Northumbria and cedes Cumberland to Malcolm I, king of the 'Picts and Scots'.


text: Arab–Byzantine War: Byzantine forces are defeated by Sayf al-Dawla. He captures the city of Aleppo, and extends his control over the Al-Jazira–Upper Mesopotamia region. Al-Dawla's rule is recognized by the Ikhshidids. With the recovery of Edessa, the Greeks also obtain the fabled Image of Edessa.


text: The cities of Algiers and Miliana are re-founded by the Zirid ruler (emir) Buluggin ibn Ziri.


text: Abu Yazid, a Kharijite Berber leader, launches a rebellion in the Aurès Mountains (modern Algeria) against the Fatamids, seeking aid from the Caliphate of Córdoba in Al-Andalus.


text: Raymond III (or Pons I), count of Toulouse, travels to Nevers (southeast of Paris) to declare his fidelity to king Louis IV ("d'Outremer"). He is granted the title 'prince of the Aquitanians' by the king.


date: August 15

text: August 15 – The "Holy Mandylion" (a cloth with the face of Jesus) is conveyed to Constantinople, where it arrives on the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos. A triumphal entry is staged for the relic in the capital.


text: The Al-Askari Mosque is built in Samarra (modern Iraq).


text: The largest recorded epidemic of ergotism, also known as "Saint Anthony's Fire, kills 40,000 people in France.


date: December 16

text: December 16 – Emperor Romanos I is arrested and deposed after a 14-year reign by his own sons, the co-emperors Stephen and Constantine. He is carried off to the Prince Islands and forced to become a monk.


text: A great storm sweeps across Wessex and many houses are destroyed, 1,500 in London alone (a significant proportion of the town).


text: Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (d. 1021)


text: Ibn Juljul, Muslim physician (approximate date)


text: Abd al-Malik I, Samanid emir (d. 961)


text: Otto (or Odo), duke of Burgundy (d. 965)


text: Fujiwara no Sukemasa, Japanese statesman (d. 998)


text: Al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad, Muslim imam (d. 1020)


text: John VIII bar Abdoun, patriarch of Antioch (d. 1033)


date: February 25

text: February 25 – Lin Ding, Chinese official and chancellor


date: April 8

text: April 8 – Wang Yanxi, emperor of Min (Ten Kingdoms)


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Wichmann the Elder, Frankish nobleman


text: Ch'oe Ŏn-wi, Korean minister and calligrapher (b. 868)


text: Duan Siping, ruler of Dali (approximate date)


text: Mahipala I, Gurjara-Pratihara king


text: Li, empress of Min (Ten Kingdoms)


text: Fang Gao, Chinese official and chief of staff


text: Liu Hongchang, Chinese chancellor


text: Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, Qarmatian ruler (b. 906)


text: Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Muslim theologian (b. 853)


text: Flaithbertach mac Inmainén, Irish abbot


text: Donnchad Donn, High King of Ireland


text: Harshavarman II, Angkorian king


date: April 13

text: April 13 – Hugh of Provence abdicates the throne in favor of his son Lothair II (who has been co-ruler since 931) and is acclaimed as sole king of Lombardia. Hugh is allowed to retire in Pavia.


text: Constantine VII concludes a Rus'–Byzantine treaty in which Rus' merchants are to conduct their trade in Constantinople. While many Rus' make their fortunes in trade with the Arab Muslims, the Rurik Dynasty of Kiev grows rich from Byzantine commerce.


text: King Edmund I conquers Strathclyde, forms an alliance with Malcolm I (king of the 'Picts and Scots') and cedes Cumberland and Westmorland to him.


date: January 27

text: January 27 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown barely a month after deposing their father, Romanos I. With the help of his wife, Constantine VII becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He appoints to the highest army commands four members of the Phokas family, which have been in disgrace under Romanos.


text: Spring – Berengar of Ivrea invades Italy with hired Lombard troops and takes up residence in Milan. Berengar proceeds to Verona, where he is joined by forces of Count Milo and other partisans.


text: Autumn – The Min Kingdom is destroyed by the Southern Tang. Emperor Yuan Zong expands its domains beyond those of the former Wu Kingdom. He annexes Min territory into its own boundaries.


text: King Hugh of Provence lays siege to Vignola to put an end to Berengar's advance. But to no avail, as Berengar of Ivrea is hailed throughout northern Italy as a liberator, and Hugh flees to Provence.


text: Summer – King Louis IV ("d'Outremer") is captured by the Normans and handed over to Hugh the Great. In return for the release of Louis, Laon surrenders to him in compensation.


text: Igor I, ruler of the Kievan Rus', is killed while collecting tribute from the Drevlians and is succeeded by his three-year-old son Sviatoslav I. His mother Olga becomes regent and the official ruler.


text: Summer – Sayf al-Dawla is defeated by Muslim forces under Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid near Qinnasrin. He is forced to abandon his Syrian domains and flees to Raqqa. In October the two men come to an agreement, which recognizes Hamdanid rule over northern Syria, founding the Emirate of Aleppo.


text: Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III occupies the palace of Medina Azahara (called "the shining city") as the new capital of the Caliphate of Córdoba (modern Spain).


text: Dunstan becomes abbot of Glastonbury Abbey in England. He re-creates monastic life by establishing Benedictine monasticism in the monastery.


text: Winter – Muslim forces under Nasir al-Dawla capture Baghdad and restore Caliph Al-Muttaqi to power again. Al-Dawla establishes himself as amir al-umara, or de facto regent of the Abbasid Caliphate.


text: King Hywel Dda ("the Good") convenes a conference at Whitland, which draws up a standardized code of laws in Wales (approximate date).


text: Al-Sijzi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1020)


text: Abbo of Fleury, French monk and abbot (approximate date)


text: Judah ben David Hayyuj, Jewish linguist (approximate date)


text: Tróndur í Gøtu, Viking chieftain (approximate date)


text: Eric the Victorious, king of Sweden (approximate date)


text: Adelaide of Aquitaine, French queen consort (or 952)


text: Al-Muqaddasi, Arab Muslim geographer (approximate date)


date: January 21

text: January 21 – Yang Tan, Chinese general and governor


date: February 14

text: February 14 – Zhu Wenjin, emperor of Min (Ten Kingdoms)


date: June 30

text: June 30 – Ki no Tsurayuki, Japanese writer and poet (b. 872)


text: July 4 – Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor


date: October 23

text: October 23 – Hyejong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 912)


text: Fujiwara no Nakahira, Japanese statesman (b. 875)


text: Zhang Gongduo, Chinese general and official


text: Wang Jichang, Chinese general and chancellor


text: Krešimir I, king of Croatian Kingdom


text: Song Fujin, empress and wife of Li Bian


text: Yang Sigong, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Igor I, Varangian ruler of Kievan Rus'


text: Abu Muhammad al-Hasan, Arab Muslim geographer (b. 893)


text: Tuzun, Abbasid general and de facto ruler


date: May 16

text: May 16 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Murakami, who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.


text: Summer – King Otto I invades the West Frankish Kingdom with an expeditionary force, but his armies are not strong enough to take the key cities of Laon, Reims and Paris. After three months, Otto ends his campaign without defeating his rival Hugh the Great. He manages to depose Hugh of Vermandois from his position as archbishop of Reims, restoring Artald of Reims to his former office.


text: Battle of Baghdad: Along the banks of the Tigris, Buyid forces under Mu'izz al-Dawla defeat the Hamdanids for control of the city. They are forced to pay tax revenues and agree to recognize Al-Muti as the legitimate caliph.


date: January 28

text: January 28 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Empire. He is succeeded by Al-Muti and becomes only a figurehead (with the Buyid Dynasty as dominate rule) of the once-powerful Abbasid Caliphate while he tries to restore peace.


date: May 26

text: May 26 – King Edmund I is murdered at age 25 by an outlawed robber while attending St. Augustine's Day mass in Pucklechurch (Gloucestershire). He is succeeded by his brother Eadred (or Edred) as king of England.


text: c. November 2 – Super-colossal (VEI-7) 946 AD Eruption of Paektu Mountain on the modern North Korea-China border the eruption was one of the most violent in the past 10,000 years along with KO eruption in 8th Millennium BC, The Crater lake's eruption in 7th Millennium BC, The Kikai caldera's Akahoya eruption in 5th Millennium BC, The Thera or Santorini's eruption in 2nd Millennium BC, The Lake Taupo's Hatepe eruption, The Lake Ilopango's eruption in around 535 and 536, The 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas, The mystery eruption in 1453, and the 1815 Tambora eruption.

source_section: Events › By topic › Volcanology


text: Henry I, duke of Burgundy (d. 1002)


text: Sylvester II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1003)


text: Theodora, Byzantine empress consort


text: Henry II ("the Good"), count of Stade (d. 1016)


date: January 26

text: January 26 – Eadgyth, queen consort of Germany (b. 910)


date: May 17

text: May 17 – Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 893)


text: May 26 – Edmund I, king of England (b. 921)


date: June 4

text: June 4 – Guaimar II (Gybbosus), Lombard prince


date: July 24

text: July 24 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, ruler of Egypt (b. 882)


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, Abbasid vizier (b. 859)


text: August 1 – Lady Xu Xinyue, wife of Qian Yuanguan (b. 902)


date: November 26

text: November 26 – Li Congyan, Chinese general (b. 898)


text: Abu Bakr Shibli, Persian official and Sufi (b. 861)


text: Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli, Abbasid scholar and chess player (b. 880)


text: Summer – Pope Marinus II dies at Rome after a four-year reign. He is succeeded by Agapetus II and elected with the support of the Roman despot Alberic II. Agapetus is installed as the 129th pope of the Catholic Church.


text: John of Rila, Bulgarian hermit (approximate date)


text: Zhao Jiliang, chancellor of Later Shu (b. 883)


text: Ibrahim ibn Sinan, Abbasid mathematician (b. 908)


date: March 10

text: March 10 – The Later Han is founded by Liu Zhiyuan, the military governor (jiedushi) of Bingzhou. He declares himself emperor (formally called Gaozu) and establishes the capital in Bian, present-day Kaifeng.


date: August 19

text: August 19 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite Berber leader who has led a rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya, is defeated in the Hodna Mountains (modern-day Algeria). Caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah sets about restoring the Fatimid dominion over North Africa.


text: Winter – King Otto I cedes the Duchy of Bavaria to his brother Henry I. To secure his rule, Henry is married to Judith, a daughter of Arnulf I ("the Bad"), and appoints a series of counts palatine.


text: Summer – A Hungarian army led by Grand Prince Taksony campaigns in Italy, heading southwards on the eastern shore of the peninsula. It besieges Larino and reaches Otranto, plundering Apulia for three months. Berengar of Ivrea negotiates a truce and offers them a massive tribute (for which he imposes a special tax).


text: Al-Masudi, an Arab historian and geographer, completes his large-scale work The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems, a historical book about the beginning of the world, starting with Adam and Eve.


text: Horsham, a market town on the upper reaches of the Aran River in West Sussex, is first mentioned in 'King Eadred's land charter' (see History of Horsham).


text: Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (d. 1031)


text: Raja Raja Chola I, king of Chola Kingdom (d. 1014)


text: Fujiwara no Koshi, Japanese empress (d. 979)


date: January 11

text: January 11 – Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty invades the Later Jin (Five Dynasties), resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin. Khitan forces head southwards to the Yellow River, but must return to their base in present-day Beijing in May after Tai Zong dies of an illness.


date: January 12

text: January 12 – Sang Weihan, Chinese chief of staff (b. 898)


date: January 27

text: January 27 – Zhang Yanze, Chinese general and governor


text: January 28 – Jing Yanguang, Chinese general (b. 892)


date: May 18

text: May 18 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 902)


date: May 30

text: May 30 – Ma Xifan, king of Chu (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 899)


date: June 21

text: June 21 – Zhang Li, official of the Liao Dynasty


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Qian Hongzuo, king of Wuyue (b. 928)


date: June 23

text: June 23 – Wang, imperial consort of Later Tang


text: June 23 – Li Congyi, prince of Later Tang (b. 931)


text: August 19 – Abu Yazid, Kharijite Berber leader (b. 873)


date: November 23

text: November 23 – Berthold, duke of Bavaria


text: Liu Xu, chancellor of Later Tang and Later Jin (b. 888)


text: Li Renda, Chinese warlord and governor


text: King Otto I appoints his son Liudolf as duke of Swabia, consolidating Ottonian dominance in Southern Germany.


date: February 12

text: February 12 – King Qian Hongzong is deposed by general Hu Jinsi during a coup. He establishes his younger brother Qian Chu as ruler of Wuyue.


text: Two Hungarian armies invade Bavaria and Carinthia. One of them is defeated at Flozzun in the Nordgau by Henry I, duke of Bavaria.


text: King Eadred ravages Northumbria and burns down St. Wilfrid's church at Ripon. On his way home, he sustains heavy losses at Castleford. Eadred manages to check his rivals, and the Northumbrians are forced to pay him compensation.


text: Arab–Byzantine War: Hamdanid forces under Sayf al-Dawla raid into Asia Minor. The Byzantines respond with reprisals led by Leo Phokas the Younger, taking captives and razing the walls of Hadath (modern Turkey).


text: Spring – Fatimid forces under al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi suppress the rebellion in Palermo and swiftly seize the island. Caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah appoints Ali al-Kalbi as emir of Sicily, beginning the rule of the Kalbid dynasty.


text: The Nallur Kandaswamy temple, one of the most significant Hindu temples in the Jaffna District (modern Sri Lanka), is built.


text: Otto I establishes the missionary dioceses of Brandenburg and Havelberg in the territory of the Marca Geronis (Saxon Eastern March).


text: St Albans School in Hertfordshire is founded by Wulsin, an abbot of St Alban's Abbey, England.


text: The Kingdom of Nri (modern Nigeria) is founded by the priest-king Eri (until 1041).


text: St. Albans School is founded in Hertfordshire.


date: September 1

text: September 1 – Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 982)


date: December 22

text: December 22 – Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean official and general (d. 1031)


text: Emma of Italy, queen of the West Frankish Kingdom (approximate date)


text: Minamoto no Yorimitsu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1021)


text: Baba Kuhi of Shiraz, Persian Sufi mystic and writer (d. 1037)


text: Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Twelver Shia theologian (approximate date)


text: March 10 – Liu Zhiyuan, founder of the Later Han (b. 895)


date: March 13

text: March 13 – Du Chongwei, Chinese general and governor


date: April 28

text: April 28 – Hu Jinsi, Chinese general and prefect


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Romanos I, Byzantine emperor (b. c. 870)


date: August 24

text: August 24 – Zhang Ye, Chinese general and chancellor


date: November 10

text: November 10 – Zhao Yanshou, Chinese general and governor


date: December 1

text: December 1 – Gao Conghui, prince and ruler of Jingnan (b. 891)


date: December 12

text: December 12 – Li Song, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Sunifred II of Urgell dies without descendants and is succeeded by his nephew Borrell II, count of Barcelona.


text: Sunifred II, count of Urgell (Spain) (b. c. 870)


text: Blácaire mac Gofraid, Viking king of Dublin


text: Al-Qasim Guennoun, Idrisid ruler and sultan


text: Minamoto no Kintada, a Japanese official and waka poet, dies. He is a respected nobleman at the imperial court and a member of the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry.


text: Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna, Irish queen


text: Summer – The Hungarians defeat a Bavarian army at Laa (modern Austria).


text: Arab-Byzantine War: Hamdanid forces under Sayf al-Dawla raid into the theme of Lykandos, but are defeated. The Byzantines counter-attack and seize Germanikeia, defeating an army from Tarsus, and raiding as far south as Antioch. General (strategos) Theophilos Kourkouas captures Theodosiopolis (modern-day Erzurum) after a 7-month siege.


text: A Byzantine expeditionary force under Constantine Gongyles attempts to re-conquer the Emirate of Crete from the Saracens. The expedition ends in a disastrous failure; the Byzantine camp is destroyed in a surprise attack. Gongyles himself barely escapes on his flagship.


text: Abd al-Rahman III the Caliph of Córdoba declares Jihad, preparing a large army & conquers the city of Lugo in the extreme North of Iberia. This raid shows to be one of the furthest raids Muslims in Spain ever conducted, done as a show of strength of the Muslim State in Al-Andalus.


text: King Miroslav (or Miroslaus) is killed by Ban Pribina during a civil war started by his younger brother Michael Krešimir II, who succeeds him as ruler of Croatia.


text: Uma no Naishi, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (d. 1011)


text: Ranna, Kannada poet (India) (approximate date)


text: Symeon (the New Theologian), Byzantine monk and poet (d. 1022)


text: Gebhard of Constance, German bishop (d. 995)


text: Fujiwara no Nagatō, Japanese bureaucrat and poet (d. 1009)


text: Mathilde, German abbess and granddaughter of Otto I (d. 1011)


text: Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland (d. 1022)


date: June 1

text: June 1 – Godfrey, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)


date: August 17

text: August 17 – Li Shouzhen, Chinese general and governor


date: September 14

text: September 14 – Fujiwara no Tadahira, Japanese statesman and regent (b. 880)


text: September 14 – Fujiwara no Tadahira, a politician and chancellor (kampaku), dies at his native Kyoto. Having governed Japan as regent under Emperor Suzaku since 930. The Fujiwara clan will continue to hold the regency until 1180, controlling the imperial government.


date: September

text: September/October – Abdallah ibn al-Mustakfi, Abbasid caliph (b. 905)


date: December 2

text: December 2 – Odo of Wetterau, German nobleman


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Herman I, duke of Swabia


date: December

text: December – Imad al-Dawla, founder of the Buyid dynasty (Iran)


text: Yunmen Wenyan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk


text: Jeongjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 923)


text: Eadric, ealdorman of Wessex (approximate date)


text: An, Chinese imperial consort (Five Dynasties)


text: Xiao Han, general of the Khitan Liao dynasty


text: Zhao Tingyin, general of Later Shu (b. 883)


year_label: 95 CE

text: Emperor Domitian and Titus Flavius Clemens become Roman Consuls.

source_title: AD 95


text: The Book of Revelation is written (approximate date).


text: Possible date for the writing of the First Epistle of Peter.


text: In Rome a severe form of malaria appears in the farm districts and will continue for the next 500 years, taking out of cultivation the fertile land of the Campagna, whose market gardens supply the city with fresh products. The fever drives small groups of farmers into the crowded city, bringing the malaria with them, and lowers Rome's live-birth rate while rates elsewhere in the empire are rising.

source_section: Events › By topic › Epidemic


text: Domitian executes senators out of paranoiac fears that they are plotting to kill him.


text: The Roman consul Manius Acilius Glabrio is ordered by Domitian to descend into the arena of the Colosseum to fight a lion. After he kills the animal, Domitian banishes and puts him to death.


text: Appian of Alexandria, Greek historian and writer (d. 165)

source_section: Births


text: Epaphroditus, Roman freedman of Nero (executed)

source_section: Deaths


text: Avilius of Alexandria, patriarch of Alexandria


text: Manius Acilius Glabrio, Roman politician (executed)


text: Flavius Scorpus, Roman charioteer (b. c. AD 68)


text: Boleslav I, duke of Bohemia, signs a peace treaty with King Otto I of the East Frankish Kingdom. He becomes his ally, but he probably wasn't forced to resume the payment of tribute.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: Henry I, duke of Bavaria, attacks Western Hungary, taking captives and plunder. He enlarges his duchy in the wars with the Hungarians.


text: Arab–Byzantine War: A Hamdanid army (30,000 men) led by Sayf al-Dawla raids into Byzantine theme Anatolia. He defeats Bardas Phokas, but is then ambushed on his return and heavily defeated by Leo Phokas.


text: In Tĩnh Hải quân, Dương Tam Kha was dethroned by Ngô Xương Văn after ruling for 6 years (since 944) as Dương Bình Vương, having usurped the throne from the Ngô Dynasty.


text: The Tu'i Tonga Empire starts to expand in the Pacific Ocean. The Tu'i Tonga kings establish the capital at Mu'a on the island of Tongatapu (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › Oceania


text: City of Mogadishu is established.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: Page with Joshua Leading the Israelites, from the Joshua Roll, is made in Constantinople. It is now kept at the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana in Rome (approximate date).


text: The Mount Edziza volcanic complex in British Columbia, Canada, produces an explosive eruption that deposits the Sheep Track Member.

source_section: Events › By place › North America


date: June 12

text: June 12 – Reizei, Japanese emperor (d. 1011)


text: Lambert I of Louvain, French nobleman (approximate date)


text: Odo I (or Eudes), French nobleman (d. 996)


text: Ibn Yunus, Fatamid astronomer (d. 1009)


text: Egbert, archbishop of Trier (approximate date)


text: Notker III, German Benedictine monk (d. 1022)


text: Emma of Blois, duchess of Aquitaine (d. 1003)


text: Moninho Viegas, French knight (d. 1022)


text: Wolbodo, bishop of Liège (approximate date)


text: Bernard I, German nobleman (approximate date)


text: Sarolt, Grand Princess of Hungary (d. 1008)


text: Erik the Red, Norse Viking explorer (d. 1003)


text: Guy of Anderlecht, Christian saint (d. 1012)


text: Masako, Japanese empress consort (d. 1000)


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Wang Jingchong, Chinese general


date: October 7

text: October 7 – Li, Chinese empress consort


date: October

text: October – Al-Qahir, Abbasid caliph (b. 899)


date: November 22

text: November 22 – King Lothair II dies at Turin (possibly poisoned by Berengar of Ivrea). Berengar is crowned king of Italy and imprisons Lothair's now 19-year-old widow, Adelaide for four months at Como.


text: November 22 – Lothair II, king of Italy


text: Sunyer, count of Barcelona, Girona and Ausona


text: Li Jinquan, Chinese general (approximate date)


text: Al-Farabi, Muslim philosopher (or 951)


text: Zoltán, Grand Prince of Hungary (approximate date)


text: Dharma Mahadevi, Indian Queen Regnant


text: Ælfric, bishop of Ramsbury (approximate date)


text: in Wales, King Hywel Dda ("the Good") dies after an 8-year reign in which he has established codified laws. His three sons Owain ap Hywel Dda, Rhodri ap Hywel, and Edwin ap Hywel divide Wales amongst themselves.


text: Hywel Dda ("the Good"), king of Wales


text: Ricfried, Frankish nobleman (b. 845)


date: February 9

text: February 9 – The Northern Han Kingdom is founded by Liu Chong (called Shizu) in modern-day Shanxi who restores the diplomatic relations with the Khitans. Northern Han becomes a protectorate of the Liao dynasty.


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Guo Wei, a court official, leads a military coup and declares himself emperor of the new Later Zhou. The 19-year-old Emperor Liu Chengyou is killed after a 3-year reign, ending the short-lived Later Han.


text: Abd ar-Rahman III signs a peace in 951 with the new king of León, Ordoño III, in order to have a free hand against the Fatimids, whose ships are harassing the caliphal fleet in the Mediterranean and had even launched an assault against Almeria. Abd ar-Rahman's force, led by prime minister Ahmad ibn Said, besieges the Fatimid port of Tunis, which purchases its safety through a huge sum.


text: Abd ar-Rahman III consolidated his grip on North Africa by occupying Tangier in 951.


date: November 16

text: November 16 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force (10,000 men) under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom.


text: Fall – King Otto I crosses the Brenner Pass and takes his army into Italy. He is accompanied by his brothers, Henry I (duke of Bavaria), Bruno I, and Conrad the Red (duke of Lotharingia). Otto faces no opposition and they arrive in Pavia. Berengar II has departed the day before and entrenched himself in San Marino. Otto receives the homage of the Italian nobility, marries Adelaide, and declares himself King of the Lombards.


text: Otto I dispatches an embassy to Rome to apply for an imperial coronation with Pope Agapetus II – but Prince Alberic II makes it clear that this is not possible (afraid of Otto's growing power), and opposes the request.


text: Emperor Shi Zong successfully repels a Chinese advance from the south. In October he is killed by a rebellious nephew after a three year reign. Shi Zong is succeeded by his uncle Mu Zong as ruler of the Liao dynasty.


text: Zhao Dezhao (Yi of Yan), prince of the Song dynasty (d. 979)


text: Gaston II Centule, viscount of Béarn (approximate date)


text: Ibn al-Kattani, Moorish scholar and physician (d. 1029)


text: Romuald, founder of the Camaldolese order (approximate date)


text: Sidi Mahrez, Muslim scholar and 'protector' (wali) (d. 1022)


text: Gregory of Narek, Armenian monk and theologian (d. 1003)


text: Liu Chenggui, official of the Song dynasty (d. 1016)


text: Abu Talib Yahya, Muslim imam of the Zaydiyyah sect (d. 1033)


text: Henry II (the Wrangler), duke of Bavaria (d. 995)


date: January 1

text: January 1 – Ramiro II, king of León and Galicia


date: January 2

text: January 2 – Liu Chengyou, emperor of Later Han (b. 931)


text: January 2 – Su Fengji, Chinese official and chancellor


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Ma Xiguang, ruler of Chu (Ten Kingdoms)


date: February 24

text: February 24 – Liu Yun, Chinese governor (jiedushi)


date: March 12

text: March 12 – Ælfheah the Bald, bishop of Winchester


date: June 7

text: June 7 – Lu Wenji, Chinese chancellor (b. 876)


date: June 8

text: June 8 – Zhao Ying, Chinese chancellor (b. 885)


text: October 7 – Zhen, Chinese Khitan empress consort


text: October 7 – Shi Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (b. 919)


text: October 7 – Xiao, Chinese Khitan empress dowager


date: October 8

text: October 8 – Xiao Sagezhi, Chinese Khitan empress


text: Wang Yanzheng, emperor of Min (approximate date)


text: Cennétig mac Lorcáin, king of Tuadmumu (Ireland)


text: Summer – Kalbid forces under Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi (an aristocratic member of the ruling Fatimid Caliphate) sail from Sicily and invade Byzantine Calabria. He attacks several towns, including Gerace and Cassono.


text: Summer – At the Reichstag in Augsburg (assembled by King Otto I), joined by German nobles and bishops, Berengar of Ivrea pays homage. He becomes a vassal of the East Frankish Kingdom. Otto leaves a strong garrison at Pavia in the hands of his son-in-law Conrad the Red, duke of Lotharingia.


text: Fakhr al-Dawla, emir of Gurgan and Tabaristan (d. 997)


text: Song, Chinese empress consort (d. 995)


text: Adelaide of Aquitaine, French queen consort (or 945)


text: Sa'd al-Dawla, Hamdanid emir of Aleppo (d. 991)


text: Adela of Hamaland, Frankish countess and regent (d. 1021)


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Murong Yanchao, Chinese general


date: July 17

text: July 17 – Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (b. 913)


date: September 6

text: September 6 – Suzaku, emperor of Japan (b. 923)


date: September 10

text: September 10 – Gao Xingzhou, Chinese general (b. 885)


date: December 17

text: December 17 – Hugh the Black, duke of Burgundy


text: Mansur ibn Qara-Tegin, Samanid governor


text: Alan II (Wrybeard), duke of Brittany


text: King Constantine II dies at the monastery of St. Andrews (where he has been retired since 943). His cousin and ruling monarch, Malcolm I, fights a battle against the Northmen or the Norse–Gaels.

source_section: Events › By place › Scotland


text: Constantine II, king of Alba (Scotland)


text: Li Jianxun, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Summer – Liudolf, duke of Swabia, and his brother-in-law Conrad the Red rebel against King Otto I. Otto and his army fail to capture the cities of Mainz and Augsburg. He declares Liudolf and Conrad as outlaws in absentia. His brother Bruno I, archbishop of Cologne, restores royal authority in Lorraine, but some of the rebellious dukes receive support from the Hungarians. They seize the opportunity to invade Bavaria.


text: Battle of Marash: Emir Sayf al-Dawla marches north into the Byzantine Empire and ravages the countryside of Malatya (modern Turkey). On his way back, he crosses the Euphrates and intercepts a Byzantine army led by Bardas Phokas (the Elder), near Marash. The Byzantines are defeated; Bardas himself barely escapes through the intervention of his attendants. His son Constantine Phokas, governor of Seleucia, is captured and held prisoner in Aleppo, until his death from an illness some time later.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: The town of Póvoa de Varzim is first mentioned during the rule of Mumadona Dias, countess of Portugal, under the name Villa Euracini.


date: September 14

text: September 14 – Guo Zongxun, Chinese emperor (d. 973)


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim, Buyid prince


text: Herbert III, count of Vermandois (d. 1015)


text: Al-Karaji, Persian mathematician


text: Watanabe no Tsuna, Japanese samurai (d. 1025)


text: Bermudo II, king of León and Galicia


text: Kisai Marvazi, Persian author and poet (d. 1002)


text: Xiao Yanyan, Chinese Khitan empress (d. 1009)


text: Fujiwara no Michitaka, Japanese nobleman (d. 995)


text: Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1012)


text: Fujiwara no Korenari, Japanese courtier (d. 989)


text: Charles, duke of Lower Lorraine (d. 993)


date: March 19

text: March 19 – al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 913)


text: March 19 – Caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah dies after a severe illness. He is succeeded by his 21-year-old son al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah as ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate. His authority is recognized over most of what later will be Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Yingtian, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 879)


date: November 18

text: November 18 – Liutgard, duchess of Lorraine (b. 931)


text: Abas I, king of the Bagratuni dynasty (Armenia)


text: Rasso, Frankish military leader, pilgrim and saint


text: Rhodri ap Hywel, king of Deheubarth (Wales)


text: Wang Jun, Chinese singer and chancellor


text: Mastalus I, penultimate patricius of Amalfi (Italy)


text: Ma Yinsun, Chinese official and chancellor


text: Muhammad bin Musafir, Sallarid ruler (approximate date)


text: Spring – A Hungarian army led by Bulcsú crosses the Rhine. He camps at Worms in the capital of his ally Conrad the Red, duke of Lorraine. Bulcsú heads west, attacking the domains of King Otto I, by crossing the rivers Moselle and Maas.


text: Winter – At the Reichstag in Auerstedt assembled by Otto I, his son Liudolf (duke of Swabia) and Conrad the Red submit to Otto's rule. They are stripped of their duchies, but several rebel nobles continue to resist.


text: King Eric I (Bloodaxe) is killed at Stainmore allowing King Eadred to recover York, reuniting Northumbria with that of All England. High-Reeve Osulf I of Bamburgh is appointed ealdorman ("earl") of Northumbria.

source_section: Events › By place › British Isles


text: Summer – The Hungarians plunder the surroundings of Laon, Reims, Chalon, Metz, and Gorze. After that, they return to Burgundy. In Provence, the Hungarians battle with the Moors from the Muslim enclave of Fraxinet.


text: King Malcolm I is killed in battle against the Northmen after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by Indulf, the son of the late King Constantine II, as ruler of Alba (Scotland).


date: November 12

text: November 12 – Lothair III is crowned by Artald, archbishop of Reims, at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. His mother, Queen Gerberga of Saxony, appoints Hugh the Great as regent.


text: Seborga (modern-day Liguria) comes under the jurisdiction of the Benedictine monks of Santo Onorato of Lérins.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: The Hungarians plunder the regions of Hesbaye and Carbonaria (modern Belgium). They plunder and burn the monastery of Saint Lambert from Hainaut, the monastery of Moorsel, sack the cities of Gembloux and Tournai.


date: April 6

text: April 6–10 – The Hungarians besiege Cambrai and burn its suburbs, but they are unable to conquer the city. One of Bulcsú's relatives is killed by the defenders, who refuse to pass his body over to the Hungarians. As a revenge, they kill all their captives.


text: Ōnakatomi no Sukechika, Japanese waka poet (d. 1038)


text: Otto I, duke of Swabia and Bavaria (d. 982)


text: Fujiwara no Yoshitaka, Japanese waka poet (d. 974)


text: Malcolm II, king of Alba (Scotland) (approximate date)


text: Wang Yucheng, Chinese official and poet (d. 1001)


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Ashot II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)


date: February 22

text: February 22 – Guo Wei, emperor of the Later Zhou (b. 904)


date: May 21

text: May 21 – Feng Dao, Chinese prince and chancellor (b. 882)


text: September 10 – Louis IV, king of the West Frankish Kingdom


text: September 10 – King Louis IV (d'Outremer) dies after a hunting accident (near his palace in Corbeny). He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son Lothair III under the guardianship of Hugh the Great, count of Paris.


text: Frederick, archbishop (elector) of Mainz


text: Eric I (Bloodaxe), Norwegian Viking king


text: Li, Chinese empress dowager of the Later Han


text: Abul-Aish Ahmad, Idrisid ruler and sultan (Morocco)


text: Fujiwara no Onshi, empress of Japan (b. 885)


text: Duke Alberic II, princeps and ruler of Rome, dies after a 22-year reign. On his deathbed he nominates his son Octavianus as his successor.


text: Alberic II, princeps and duke of Spoleto (b. 912)


text: Cellachán Caisil, king of Munster (Ireland)


text: Liu Chong, founder of the Northern Han


date: August 10

text: August 10 – Battle of Lechfeld: King Otto I ("the Great") defeats the Hungarians (also known as Magyars) near Augsburg (Germany). Otto's army (7,000 men), mainly composed of heavy cavalry, overwhelms the Hungarians along the Lech River. The German losses are heavy, among them Conrad ("the Red") and many other nobles. The commanders of the Hungarian army, Bulcsú, Lehel and Súr, are captured and executed. This victory puts an end to the Hungarian campaigns into western Europe.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Battle on the Raxa: Otto I, allied with the Rani tribe, defeats the Obotrite federation, led by Nako and his brother Stoigniew (probably at the Recknitz or Elde rivers) near Mecklenburg. The Elbe Slavs are forced to pay tribute, and accept a peace agreement.


text: The Kharijite Banu Ya'la tribe revolts against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya and destroys the city of Oran (modern Algeria). They construct a new capital, Ifgan, near Mascara.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Al-Aziz Billah, caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate (d. 996)


date: October 22

text: October 22 – Qian Weijun, king of Wuyue (Ten Kingdoms) (d. 991)


date: November 9

text: November 9 – Gyeongjong of Goryeo, ruler of Korea (d. 981)


text: Ezzo (or Ehrenfried), Count Palatine of Lotharingia (Germany) (approximate date)


text: Gisela of Burgundy, duchess of Bavaria (approximate date)


text: Ælfric of Eynsham, English abbot and writer (approximate date)


text: Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu, king of the Pagan dynasty (d. 1048)


text: Eido I (or Ägidius), German nobleman and bishop (d. 1015)


text: Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg, German princess-abbess and daughter of Otto I (d. 999)


text: Arduin of Ivrea (I), Lombard margrave and king of Italy (approximate date)


text: Theophanu, empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 991)


text: Gunther of Bohemia, German hermit and saint (d. 1045)


text: Aboazar Lovesendes, Portuguese nobleman (approximate date)


text: Lutgardis of Luxemburg, countess of Holland (Netherlands)


date: July 23

text: July 23 – He Ning, Chinese official and chancellor (b. 898)


text: August 10 – Conrad ("the Red"), duke of Lorraine


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Lehel, Hungarian tribal chieftain


text: August 15 – Súr, Hungarian tribal chieftain


text: August 15 – Bulcsú, Hungarian tribal chieftain (harka)


text: October 16 – Stoigniew, Obotrite prince and co-ruler


date: November 1

text: November 1 – Henry I, Duke of Bavaria


date: November 8

text: November 8 – Pope Agapetus II, Catholic Church pontiff (b. 905)


text: November 8 – Pope Agapetus II dies after a 9-year reign. He is succeeded by John XII, aged around 19 and the son of Alberic II (the late ruler of Rome), as the 130th pope of the Catholic Church.


date: November 23

text: November 23 – Eadred (or Edred), king of England (b. 923)


text: November 23 – King Eadred (or Edred) dies childless after a 9-year reign at Frome (Somerset). He is succeeded by his 15-year-old nephew, Eadwig, as King of England.

source_section: Events › By place › England


text: Abu 'Ali Chaghani, ruler of Chaghaniyan (Turkmenistan)


text: Parantaka I, ruler of Chola Kingdom (India)


text: Bermudo Núñez, count of Cea (Spain) (approximate date)


text: Summer – Emperor Constantine VII appoints Nikephoros Phokas to commander of the Byzantine field army (Domestic of the Schools) in the East. He gives him order to prepare a campaign against the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. Constantine makes treaties with neighbouring rulers, to seek military aid.


date: September

text: September - October – A Byzantine fleet under Basil Hexamilites deals a crushing defeat to the Hamdanid fleet at Tarsus in Cilicia (modern Turkey).


text: Berengar of Ivrea dispatches a Lombard army under his son Adalbert II to counter Liudolf, while he guards Pavia himself. In two battles Liudolf defeats the Lombard forces and enters Pavia, there to receive the homage of the Italian nobles and clergy on behalf of Otto I.


text: Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I (the Great), reconciles with his father and asks again for installation as duke of Swabia. Otto refuses, but at the instigation of his uncle Bruno I (duke of Lotharingia) allows Liudolf to lead an expedition to Italy to bring the vassal Berengar of Ivrea to heel.


text: Dunstan, an abbot of Glastonbury Abbey, is sent into exile by King Eadwig. He takes refuge in Flanders (modern Belgium), where Count Arnulf I gives him shelter in the Abbey of Mont Blandin, near Ghent.


text: An earthquake badly damages the Lighthouse of Alexandria: one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

source_section: Events › By place › Egypt


text: Sampiro, Spanish bishop (approximate date)


text: Siegfried II, count of Stade (d. 1037)


text: Adalbert of Prague, Bohemian bishop (approximate date)


date: February 15

text: February 15 – Su Yugui, Chinese chancellor (b. 895)


date: February 27

text: February 27 – Theophylact, Byzantine patriarch (b. 917)


date: April 8

text: April 8 – Gilbert, duke of Burgundy


date: April 15

text: April 15 – Lin Yanyu, Chinese court official and eunuch


date: May 19

text: May 19 – Robert, archbishop of Trier


date: June 4

text: June 4 – Muhammad II of Shirvan, Muslim ruler


date: June 16

text: June 16 – Hugh the Great, count of Paris, dies at Dourdan. He is succeeded by his eldest son Hugh Capet, who is recognized as Duke of the Franks by his cousin Lothair III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom.


text: June 16 – Hugh the Great, Frankish nobleman (b. 898)


date: August 29

text: August 29 – Fu (the Elder), Chinese empress consort


date: August

text: August – Ordoño III, king of León


text: September/October – Al-Masudi, Muslim historian and geographer


date: December 21

text: December 21 – Sun Sheng, Chinese chancellor


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Wulfstan, archbishop of York


text: King Ordoño III dies at Zamora after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Sancho I as ruler of León (modern Spain).


text: Mercia and Northumbria rebel against King Eadwig and switch their allegiance to his brother Edgar. The English nobles (in support of the church) agree to divide the kingdom along the Thames River, with Eadwig keeping Wessex and Kent in the south and Edgar ruling in the north. Edgar's advisers recall Dunstan from Flanders (see 956).


text: The Tenryaku era under the reign of Emperor Murakami ends. The Tentoku era begins (until 961).


text: Olga of Kiev, ruler and regent of Kievan Rus', converts to the Eastern Orthodox Church, from paganism (approximate date).


text: In China the Longquan Monastery is founded during the Liao Dynasty.


text: Wilfred II, count of Besalú of the House of Barcelona, is killed by rebellious vassals. He is succeeded by his brother Sunifred II.


text: 957 Caspian Sea earthquake. It took place in the Caspian Sea and its vicinity. The earthquake is mentioned by several Arab and Syriac chronicle writers, who claimed that it mainly affected the region of Persian Iraq. The initial shocks lasted 40 days, but ceased for a while. The main earthquake then occurred, damaging the cities of Ray, Talikan, and Hulwan. A reported number of 150 villages were supposedly destroyed by the earthquake.

source_section: Events › By place › Caspian Sea


text: Fujiwara no Yoshikane, Japanese nobleman (d. 1021)


text: Wang Dan, Chinese politician and Grand Chancellor (d. 1017)


text: Fujiwara no Kinsue, Japanese statesman (d. 1029)


text: Fujiwara no Junshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1017)


text: Lu Zhen, Chinese scholar-official (approximate date)


text: Fujiwara no Sanesuke, Japanese nobleman (d. 1046)


date: January 16

text: January 16 – Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Madhara'i, Tulunid vizier (b. 871)


date: June 14

text: June 14 – Guadamir, bishop of Vic (Spain)


date: September 6

text: September 6 – Liudolf, duke of Swabia


text: September 6 – Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I, dies of a violent fever near Pombia (it is rumored from a latent poison administered somehow by Berengar II's agents). The German armies return home, leaving Berengar of Ivrea in control of Italy. Liudolf is succeeded by his 3-year-old son Otto, who will be adopted and raised by his grandfather Otto, as the later duke of Swabia and Bavaria.


text: Wilfred II, count of Besalú (Spain)


text: Ruzbahan, Buyid tax collector and general


text: Istakhri, Persian traveler and geographer


text: Arinjaya, king of the Chola Kingdom (India)


text: Marzuban ibn Muhammad, Sallarid ruler


date: October

text: October / November – Battle of Raban: The Byzantines under John Tzimiskes defeat the Hamdanid forces in northern Syria. Emir Sayf al-Dawla is forced to retreat – many of his court companions and ghilman fall in pursuit, while over 1,700 of his Turk cavalry are captured and paraded in the streets of Constantinople.


text: King Berengar II invades the March of Verona, which is under control of the dukes of Bavaria, and lay siege to Count Adalbert Atto at Canossa Castle (northern Italy). Berengar sends a Lombard expeditionary force under his son Guy of Ivrea against Theobald II, duke of Spoleto. He captures Spoleto and Camerino.


text: The Fatimid general Abu al-Hasan Jawhar ibn Abd Allah takes Ifgan, the capital of the rebellious Kharijite Banu Ya'la tribe. In the following two years, Jawhar conquers most of the north of modern-day Morocco and Algeria. In particular, he conquers the cities of Tangier, Sijilmasa and Tlemcen.


text: Emperor Chai Rong of the Later Zhou invades the Northern Han and the Khitan Empire in the Sixteen Prefectures (northern China), but is defeated.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Yaropolk I, Grand Prince of Kiev (approximate date)


text: Rinchen Zangpo, Tibetan Buddhist monk (d. 1055)


text: Otto-William, count of Burgundy (approximate date)


text: Yang Yanzhao, general of the Song dynasty (d. 1014)


text: Samuel, tsar of the Bulgarian Empire (approximate date)


text: Basil II (Bulgar Slayer), Byzantine emperor (d. 1025)


text: Vladimir I (the Great), Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1015)


date: May

text: May – Ibn Durustawayh, Persian grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith (b. 872)


date: June 2

text: June 2 – Oda (the Good), archbishop of Canterbury


date: September 17

text: September 17 – Li Jingsui, Chinese prince (b. 920)


date: September 18

text: September 18 – Liu Sheng, Chinese emperor (b. 920)


date: October 15

text: October 15 – Toda, queen of Pamplona (b. 876)


text: Ōnakatomi no Yorimoto, Japanese waka poet


text: Lashkarwarz, Daylamite military commander


text: King Ksemagupta dies of a fever after a hunting party. He is succeeded by his youngest son Abhimanyu II. Queen Didda, the widow of Ksemagupta, becomes regent and the de facto ruler of Kashmir (modern India).


text: Ammar ibn Ali al-Kalbi, Fatimid military commander


text: Qingliang Wenyi, Chinese Buddhist monk


text: Mastalus II, duke and patrician of Amalfi (Italy)


text: Sumbat I, king of Iberia (Georgia)


text: Faifne an Filí, Irish poet and ollamh ("professor")


text: Gorm the Old, king of Denmark. He was born before 900 and may have died as late as 964.


date: April

text: April - May – The Byzantines refuse to pay the yearly tribute. A Hungarian army, led by Apor, invades Macedonia and Thrace. He plunders its territories until reaching Constantinople. On his way back, Apor is defeated during a night attack by Byzantine forces.


text: Winter – Romanos II appoints Leo Phokas (the Younger) to be commander of the Byzantine field army (Domestic of the Schools) in the West. The Phokas clan becomes one of the leading families in Constantinople.


text: Pietro IV Candiano divorces his wife Joanna for political reasons and banishes her as a nun to the monastery of San Zaccaria.


text: Bruno I, archbishop and duke (archduke) of Lotharingia resigns. His brother, King Otto I divides the duchy in two parts – Upper Lorraine and Lower Lorraine. He appoints Frederick I and Godfrey I as margraves (vice-duke).


text: Dunstan, bishop of Worcester and London, is appointed by Edgar I as archbishop of Canterbury and becomes his chief adviser.


date: April 12

text: April 12 – En'yū, emperor of Japan (d. 991)


text: Yeshe-Ö, Tibetan lama-king (approximate date)


text: Zhao Defang, prince of the Song Dynasty (d. 981)


date: July 27

text: July 27 – Chai Rong, emperor of Later Zhou (b. 921)


date: October 1

text: October 1 – King Eadwig dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old brother Edgar I (the Peaceful), who effectively completes the unification of England, when Northumbria submits to his rule.


text: October 1 – Eadwig (the All Fair), king of England


date: October 3

text: October 3 – Gérard of Brogne, Frankish abbot


date: November 9

text: November 9 – Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor (b. 905)


text: November 9 – Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ("born in the purple") dies at Constantinople after a 46-year reign. He is succeeded by his 21-year-old son Romanos II as ruler of the Byzantine Empire.


text: Song Qiqiu, Chinese chief strategist (b. 887)


text: Han Yanhui, Chinese Khitan chancellor (b. 882)


text: Pietro III Candiano, doge of Venice, dies after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Pietro IV Candiano, who breaks off his campaign in Spoleto on behalf of King Berengar II of Italy and returns to Venice.


text: Chen Jue, Chinese official and chief of staff


text: Donnchadh mac Urchadh, king of Maigh Seóla (Ireland)


text: Pietro III Candiano, doge of Venice


text: Ælfsige (or Aelfsige), archbishop of Canterbury


year_label: 96 CE

text: Nerva is declared emperor by the Roman Senate as the new ruler of the Roman Empire. He recalls citizens exiled by Domitian; this is the beginning of the Era of the Five Good Emperors. The Antonines Dynasty starts.

source_title: AD 96

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Marcus Ulpius Traianus becomes governor of Upper Germany.


text: September 18 – Emperor Domitian is stabbed to death by a freedman at the age 44 after a 15-year reign, in a palace conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard. The Flavian Dynasty ends.


text: End of the period covered by Tacitus in his Histories.

source_section: Events › By topic › Art and Science


text: The Book of Revelation is written (approximate date).


text: A schism in Buddhism creates a new, popular religion in India, Mahâyâna ("Great Vehicle").


text: The Arch of Titus is completed in Rome.


text: Lucius Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus, Roman statesman


text: September 18 – Domitian, Roman emperor (b. AD 51)


text: Publius Papinius Statius, Roman poet (approximate date)


text: Gaius Manlius Valens, Roman senator and consul (b. AD 6)


date: February 4

text: February 4 – The Song Dynasty is established at Kaifeng by the 33-year-old military leader Zhao Kuangyin. He begins to unify the empire by conquering other lands and becomes the first emperor, called as Taizu of Song. The Song Dynasty will rule northern China for over 300 years (until 1279).


date: June

text: June/July – Adalbert II, co-ruler and the son of King Berengar II, with the support of Duke Hugh of Tuscany, invades the Papal States under Pope John XII. With Lombard forces closing in on Rome, a papal delegation is sent to King Otto I (the Great) to appeal for assistance.


date: November 8

text: November 8 – Battle of Andrassos: The Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger defeat the Hamdanid army (30,000 men) in an ambush in the passages of the Cilician mountains, in south Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Emir Sayf al-Dawla barely manages to escape, and returns to Aleppo with only 300 horsemen. The Hamdanids can no longer afford to raid in Anatolia, which is a turning point in the Arab-Byzantine wars in the East.


text: Summer – Siege of Chandax: A Byzantine fleet with an expeditionary force (comprising about 50,000 men) under Nikephoros Phokas lands on Crete. Nikephoros defeats the Muslim resistance and begins a siege at the capital of Chandax. He decides to blockade the city for the winter, while his engineers begin to construct siege engines. Emir Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb sends for aid by the Fatimids in Ifriqiya and the Caliphate of Córdoba (modern Spain).


text: The Kingdom of Aksum (modern Eritrea) is destroyed by Beta Israel invaders, under the leadership of Queen Gudit (approximate date).


text: Autumn – Oberto I, margrave of the Obertenghi family, takes refuge in Germany. He travels with influential Italian leaders to the Saxon court of Otto I to intervene in Italy to protect him from Berengar II.


text: Dunstan founds the Church of St. Dunstan in East Sussex.


text: Dunstan receives the pallium as archbishop of Canterbury from Pope John XII. He reforms monasteries and enforces the rule of Saint Benedict: poverty, chastity and obedience for monks.


text: Richard I (the Fearless), duke of Normandy, marries Emma of Paris. She is the daughter of Hugh the Great, former Duke of the Franks. The union gives him a permanent status to the House of Capet.


text: Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark, consolidates his rule over Jutland and Zealand. He adopts Christianity, erecting a carved stone at Jelling to honour his parents. It features a runic inscription (best-known in Denmark) and an image of Christ surrounded by interlace. The other Scandinavian kingdoms slowly convert to Christianity (approximate date).


text: Gotthard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038)


text: Li, empress consort of the Song Dynasty (d. 1004)


text: Eckard I, German nobleman (approximate date)


text: Gershom ben Judah, German rabbi (approximate date)


text: Sharaf al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Kerman and Fars (approximate date)


text: Gormflaith ingen Murchada, Irish queen (d. 1030)


text: Bernward, bishop of Hildesheim (approximate date)


text: Abu Nasr Mansur, Persian mathematician (approximate date)


text: Arnulf II (the Younger), Frankish nobleman (or 961)


text: Bagrat III, king of Abkhazia (Georgia) (d. 1014)


text: Mazu, Chinese fisherman's daughter and worshipped as Taoist goddess (approximate date)


text: Xu You, official and court minister of Southern Tang


text: Fan Kuan, Chinese landscape painter (approximate date)


text: Sigurd the Stout, Viking nobleman (earl) (approximate date)


date: May 31

text: May 31 – Fujiwara no Morosuke, Japanese statesman (b. 909)


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Eadburh of Winchester, English princess and saint


date: June 23

text: June 23 – Feng Yanji, chancellor of Southern Tang (b. 903)


date: August 12

text: August 12 – Li Gu, chancellor of Later Zhou (b. 903)


text: Yelü Lihu, prince of the Khitan Empire (b. 911)


text: Časlav, prince of Serbia (approximate date)


text: Bernard the Dane, Viking nobleman (approximate date)


text: Guan Tong, Chinese landscape painter


text: Mieszko I, a duke of the Piast Dynasty, becomes prince (de facto ruler) of Poland on the death of his father Siemomysł. Mieszko continues to subdue the neighbouring tribes under his control. Two obstacles to this plan are the Western Slav tribal group, the Veleti (also known as the Wilzi or "Wolf people") who are raiding Mieszko's lands for plunder; and the Saxon border dukes, who are pushing eastwards in search of new lands to conquer.


text: Murchadh mac Aodha, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)


text: Gopala II, ruler of the Pala Empire (India)


text: Siemomysł, duke of the Piast Dynasty (Poland)


text: Lhachen Dpalgyimgon, king of Mauyul (Tibet)


text: Emmanuel I, patriarch of the Church of the East


text: The Lombard army under Adalbert II refuses to fight Otto I unless Berengar II abdicates in favor of Adalbert. Berengar refuses, and the armies retreat to their strongholds. Berengar and his family take whatever loyal soldiers remain and disperse themselves – Berengar retreats to the fortress at Montefeltro (in the Pentapolis).


date: March 6

text: March 6 – Siege of Chandax: Byzantine forces under Nikephoros II Phokas capture and pillage Chandax after an 8-month siege. Nikephoros massacres the population without mercy and carries them off into slavery, returning to Constantinople with Emir Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb and his family as prisoners. The island Emirate of Crete is converted into a Byzantine theme and the remaining Muslims are converted to Christianity.


text: Battle of Fitjar – A Viking force under the sons of Eric Bloodaxe lands on Hordaland. King Haakon the Good defeats the rebelling force, but is killed. Harald Greycloak becomes ruler of the western part of Norway.


text: King Ashot III of Armenia (the Merciful) moves his capital from Kars eastward to Ani (modern Turkey). Located on a major east-west caravan route, Ani will become larger than any European city, with a population of about 100,000 that will rival Baghdad, Cairo, and Constantinople. Ani also becomes the site of the royal mausoleum of the Bagratuni kings.

source_section: Events › By place › Armenia


text: Summer – Otto I leads an expeditionary force into northern Italy through the Brenner Pass at Trento, to assist the beleaguered young Pope John XII. He proceeds towards Pavia – King Berengar II sends his son and co-ruler Adalbert II from Rome at the head of a large army to seize control of the Upper Adige and contest Otto's entry.


text: Tavistock Abbey is founded by Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon, in England.


text: The "Shroud of Saint Josse", a rich silk Samite camel cloth from Khurasan, is made. It is preserved in the Abbey of Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, near Caen (Normandy) (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Art


text: The Tiger Hill Pagoda (or Huqui Tower) is built in the city of Suzhou, located in Jiangsu Province (Eastern China).


date: May 26

text: May 26 – Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor elects his 6-year-old son Otto II as heir apparent and co-ruler at the Imperial Diet in Worms. He is crowned at Aachen, and placed under the tutelage of his grandmother Matilda and his half-brother William of Mainz. Otto's own brother Bruno I is charged with the provisional government of Lorraine again.


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Seongjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 997)

source_section: Births


text: Mahendradatta, queen of Bali (Indonesia) (d. 1011)


text: Pietro II Orseolo, Doge of Venice (d. 1009)


text: Sigmundur Brestisson, Viking chieftain (d. 1005)


text: Kou Zhun, Chinese Grand chancellor (approximate date)


text: Ramiro III, king of León (Spain) (d. 985)


text: Al-Tha'alibi, Persian historian and writer (d. 1038)


text: Edith of Wilton, English princess and nun (approximate date)


text: Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (the Younger), Frankish nobleman (or 960)


text: Fujiwara no Michikane, Japanese nobleman (d. 995)


date: July 17

text: July 17 – Du, empress dowager of the Song dynasty

source_section: Deaths


text: August 12 – Li Jing, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 916)


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Helena Lekapene, Byzantine empress


text: October 1 – Artald, archbishop of Reims


date: October 15

text: October 15 – Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III dies after a 32-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Hakam II as ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: October 15 – Abd al-Rahman III, caliph of Córdoba


text: Minamoto no Tsunemoto, Japanese samurai (b. 894)


text: Abd al-Malik I, Samanid emir (b. 944)


text: Haakon the Good, king of Norway


text: Ava of Cerdanya, countess regent of Cerdanya and Besalú


text: Butuga II, ruler of the Western Ganga Dynasty (India)


text: Adarnase V, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)


text: Atto of Vercelli, Lombard bishop (b. 885)


text: Li Tao, Chinese chancellor (approximate date)


date: December

text: December – Arab–Byzantine wars – Sack of Aleppo: A Byzantine expeditionary force under General Nikephoros Phokas invades northern Syria, and sacks Aleppo, capital of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. In late December Aleppo is taken by storm, with the population killed or enslaved; the city is razed. The Byzantine army takes possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels and 1,400 mules.


text: Otto I takes his army to lay siege at San Giulio, an island within Lake Orta (Piedmont), where Queen Willa (the wife of King Berengar II) has barricaded herself. She surrenders and is allowed to go free by Otto. Willa departs for Montefeltro to join her husband.


text: Otto I proceeds to lay siege to Lake Garda, where the sons of Berengar II, Guy of Ivrea and Adalbert II (co-ruler of Italy), and their supporters are holed up. Finding severe resistance, Otto gives up the enterprise and returns to Pavia, the capital of Lombardy.


text: Fall – Otto I receives news that John XII has betrayed him and entered into intrigues with Berengar II, but also with the Byzantine Empire. The letters are intercepted by Pandulf I (Ironhead), Lombard prince of Benevento.


date: February 2

text: February 2 – King Otto I (the Great) is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII at the Old St. Peter's Basilica, ending Rome's feudal anarchy. Otto's wife Adelaide is anointed as empress; the East Frankish Kingdom and the Kingdom of Italy are unified into a common realm, called the Roman Empire.


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Otto I and John XII co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum, confirming John XII as the spiritual head of the Catholic Church. Otto recognizes John XII's secular control over the Papal States – by expanding the domain over the Exarchate of Ravenna, the Duchy of Spoleto, and the Duchy of Benevento.


text: Summer – Otto I makes Oberto I, a margrave of the Obertenghi family, count palatine (a position second only to his own). He is granted the March of Obertenga (Eastern Liguria) and establishes his capital in Genoa. Oberto also receives the possessions of the Abbey of Bobbio (famous for its scriptorium).


text: St. Paul's Cathedral in London is destroyed by fire, but rebuilt in the same year.


text: Bernard Roger, French nobleman (approximate date)


text: Liu Mei, Chinese official and general (approximate date)


text: Rogneda of Polotsk, Grand Princess of Kiev (d. 1002)


text: Ibn Faradi, Moorish scholar and historian (d. 1012)


text: Odilo of Cluny, French Benedictine abbot (d. 1049)


text: Wang Qinruo, Chinese chancellor (approximate date)


text: Geoffrey (or Godfrey), French nobleman (d. 1015)


text: William of Volpiano, Italian abbot and architect (d. 1031)


text: Edward II (the Martyr), king of England (approximate date)


date: April 26

text: April 26 – Adalbero I, bishop of Metz


date: May 23

text: May 23 – Guibert, Frankish abbot (b. 892)


date: October 14

text: October 14 – Gerloc, Frankish noblewoman


text: Ordoño IV, king of León (or 963)


text: Liu Congxiao, Chinese general (b. 906)


text: Æthelwald, ealdorman of East Anglia


text: Hugh of Vermandois, Frankish archbishop (b. 920)


text: Indulf, king of the Scots and Picts, dies after an 8-year reign. He is killed while fighting Vikings near Cullen, at the Battle of Bauds. Indulf is succeeded by his nephew Dub (Dub mac Maíl Coluim) as ruler of Scotland.


text: Dong Yuan, Chinese painter (approximate date)


text: Indulf (the Aggressor), king of Scotland


text: Hamza al-Isfahani, Persian historian (approximate date)


text: Charles Constantine, Frankish nobleman


text: Sigurd Haakonsson, Norse Viking nobleman


text: Gao Baoxu, king of Nanping (China) (b. 924)


text: Gero I, margrave of Merseburg, campaigns against the Slavs. He forces Prince Mieszko I of the Polans in Poland to pay tribute to Emperor Otto I ( the Great). He expands his territory, the Marca Geronis (March of Gero), to the mouth of the Oder River.


date: July 2

text: July 2 – Nikephoros II Phokas is proclaimed emperor by his troops in Caesarea. He sends a fleet to secure the Bosphorus Strait against his enemies. Chief minister Joseph Bringas gathers support and closes the gates of Constantinople. General Marianos Argyros is killed in a riot, forcing Bringas to flee.


text: December – King Berengar II (the father of Adalbert II) surrenders at the fortress of Montefeltro to German forces. He and his wife Willa are taken prisoner and dispatched to Bamberg.


text: Sviatoslav I, Grand Prince of Kyiv, begins a 2-year campaign in which he will defeat Khazar forces along the Don River – vanquish the Ossetes and the Circassians in the northern Caucasus. He also successfully attacks the Bulgars on the Volga River.


text: The Nanping State, one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China, is forced to surrender, when invaded by armies of the Song Dynasty.