text: January 25 – Pope Gregory IV dies after a 16-year reign, in which he has supported the Frankish policy of late emperor Louis the Pious, and established the observance of All Saints' Day. He is succeeded by Sergius II, as the 102nd pope of Rome. Sergius imprisons the antipope John VIII, and is elected by popular acclamation.


section: Deaths

text: Merfyn Frych, king of Gwynedd (Wales)

source_section: Deaths


text: Theodrada, Frankrish princess and abbess (or 853)


text: Rædwulf, king of Northumbria (approximate date)


text: Galindo Garcés, count of Aragon


text: Abdallah ibn Tahir, Muslim governor (or 845)


text: Abu Ja'far Ashinas, Muslim general


text: Mukhariq, Abbasid court singer


text: Hugh, illegitimate son of Charlemagne (b. 802)


text: Chen Yixing, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Tachibana no Hayanari, Japanese calligrapher (d. 782)


text: King Merfyn Frych dies after a 24-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Rhodri Mawr ("the Great"), who thus becomes ruler of Gwynedd (Wales).

source_section: Events › By place › Britain


date: November 22

section: Conflict & Security

text: November 22 – Battle of Ballon: Frankish forces (3,000 men) led by Charles the Bald are defeated by Nominoe, count of Vannes, near Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine. After the battle, Brittany becomes a regnum 'kingdom' within the Frankish Empire.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: Viking forces destroy Hamburg.


text: Byzantine–Arab War: A prisoner exchange occurs between the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate, at the River Lamos in Cilicia (modern Turkey). The exchanges last for 10 days, and the Byzantines recover 4,600 prisoners.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


date: March 6

section: Religion & Belief

text: March 6 – 42 captured Byzantine officials from Amorium are executed at Samarra, then the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, after they repeatedly refuse attempts to convert them to Islam.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution: Emperor Wu Zong begins the persecution of Buddhists and other foreign religions in China, such as Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism. More than 4,600 monasteries, 40,000 temples and numerous shrines are destroyed. More than 260,000 Buddhist monks and nuns are forced to return to secular life.


text: John Scotus Eriugena, Irish theologian, travels to France and takes over the Palatine Academy in Paris, at the invitation of Charles the Bald (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


date: August 1

section: Births

text: August 1 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese politician (d. 903)

source_section: Births


text: Berengar I, king of Italy (approximate date)


text: Liutgard of Saxony, Frankish queen (approximate date)


text: Ricfried, Frankish nobleman (d. 950)


text: Charles of Provence, Frankish king (d. 863)


text: Minamoto no Yoshiari, Japanese official (d. 897)


text: Richilde of Provence, Frankish empress (approximate date)


text: Árpád, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (approximate date)


date: February 22

text: February 22 – Wang, empress and concubine of Mu Zong


text: Theophanes the Branded, Byzantine monk (b. 775)


text: Mislav, duke of Croatia (approximate date)


text: Sahl ibn Bishr, Muslim astrologer (approximate date)


text: Abdallah ibn Tahir, Muslim governor (or 844)


text: Turgesius, Viking chieftain (approximate date)


text: Guerin, Frankish nobleman (or 856)


text: Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, Muslim historian (b. 784)


text: Abu Tammam, Muslim poet (b. 788)


section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: Prince Pribina becomes a vassal of the Frankish Empire. King Louis the German grants him land near Lake Balaton (modern Hungary). He establishes Blatnohrad, capital of Balaton Principality.


text: Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid becomes the first High King of Ireland. [Factually disputed. Source needed]

source_section: Events › By place › Ireland


text: Byzantine–Bulgarian War: The Bulgarians violate the peace treaty (see 815), and invade Macedonia along the River Struma. The cities of Serres and Philippi are devastated.


text: King Æthelred II of Northumbria sends military assistance to the Picts, in their fight against the invading Scots (approximate date).


text: Summer – Breton forces under Nominoe occupy the Frankish cities of Nantes and Rennes. He makes raids in Anjou and threatens Bayeux. King Charles the Bald recognizes him as duke of Brittany.


text: Frankish forces led by Louis the German invade Moravia. They encounter little resistance, and depose King Mojmir I from the throne. His relative, Rastislav, is set up as the new client ruler.


text: Chang Pogo, a powerful maritime hegemon of Silla, is assassinated by aristocratic elements at his garrison headquarters by Yŏm Chang (or 841).


section: Exploration & Expansion

text: The Mozarabs, Iberian Christians who live under Moorish rule, try to repopulate León in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). The city is recaptured by the Muslim Arabs.


text: Muslim forces attempt to raid Rome but only pillage the countryside around the city before being beaten back by Duke Guy I of Spoleto. In the aftermath, Pope Leo IV starts walling the area around the Vatican hill, creating the Leonine City.


section: Crime & Justice

text: A Saracen Arab expeditionary force from Africa, consisting of 11,000 men and 500 horses, raid the outskirts of Rome, sacking the basilicas of Old St. Peter's and St. Paul's Outside the Walls.

source_section: Events › By place › Arabian Empire


date: November 1

text: November 1 – Louis the Stammerer, king of West Francia (d. 879)


text: Du Xunhe, Chinese poet (d. 904)


text: Rollo, Viking leader and count (approximate date)


text: Zhang Chengye, Chinese eunuch official (d. 922)


text: Li Yi, Chinese poet (approximate date)


text: Wang Chao, Chinese warlord (d. 898)


text: Hasan al-Askari, 11th Shia Imam (d. 874)


text: Gyeongmun, king of Silla (Korea) (d. 875)


date: April 22

text: April 22 – Wu Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 814)


text: April 22 – Emperor Wu Zong (Li Chan) dies after a 6-year reign. He is succeeded by his uncle Xuān Zong, as Chinese ruler of the Tang Dynasty.


date: July 29

text: July 29 – Li Shen, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Dantivarman, king of the Pallava Empire (India)


text: Bai Ju Yi, Chinese poet and official (b. 772)


text: Reginbert of Reichenau, German librarian


text: Chang Pogo, Korean maritime hegemon (or 841)


text: Mojmir I, king of Moravia (approximate date)


text: Joannicius the Great, Byzantine theologian (b. 752)


text: Li Zongmin, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Ferdomnach, Irish monk and illuminator


text: Niall Caille, High King of Ireland


text: Viking Age: The Vikings plunder the Lower Rhine, as part of their attacks on the Empire of Francia.


text: The Saracens, under the Berber leader Kalfun, capture the Byzantine city of Bari (Southern Italy). He becomes the first ruler of the Emirate of Bari, and expands his influence on the Italian mainland with raids.


text: Danish Vikings land in the Breton March (western part of Gaul). Duke Nominoe of Brittany fails to withstand them in battle, but succeeds in buying them off with gifts and persuading them to leave (approximate date).


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Leo IV is consecrated 103rd pope of Rome (where he was born c.790). Because of the sense of urgency driven by the previous year's Arab raid against Rome, he is consecrated without waiting for the consent of the Holy Roman Emperor. He will reign until 855.


date: November 24

section: Climate & Environment

text: November 24 – 847 Damascus earthquake.

source_section: Events › By topic › Natural events


text: Wang Jingchong, general of Tang dynasty China (d. 883)


text: Æthelred I, king of Wessex (approximate date)


text: Charles the Child, king of Aquitaine (or 848)


text: Miyoshi Kiyotsura, Japanese scholar (d. 918)


text: Lu Yi, Chancellor of the Tang dynasty China (d. 905)


text: Kang Junli, general of Tang dynasty Chine (d. 894)


text: Al-Mu'tazz, Muslim caliph (d. 869)


text: Cheng Ji, Chinese general (approximate date)


text: Wang Jian, Chinese emperor of Former Shu (d. 918)


text: Fujiwara no Sukeyo, Japanese aristocrat (d. 897)


date: January 24

text: January 24 – Pope Sergius II dies of gout after a 3-year reign.


date: January 27

text: January 27 – Sergius II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 790)


date: April 21

text: April 21 – Odgar, Frankish monk and archbishop


text: April 21 – Rabanus Maurus, a Frankish Benedictine monk, becomes archbishop of Mainz after the death of Odgar.


date: June 1

text: June 1 – Xiao, empress dowager of Tang dynasty China


date: June 14

text: June 14 – Methodius I, patriarch of Constantinople


date: August 10

text: August 10 – Abbasid Caliph Al-Wathiq dies of dropsy after a five-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother al-Mutawakkil.

source_section: Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate


text: August 10 – Al-Wathiq, Muslim caliph (b. 816)


text: Frothar of Toul, Frankish bishop (approximate date)


text: Theodemar of Iria, Galician bishop


text: Fedelmid mac Crimthainn, king of Munster (Ireland)


text: Muhammad ibn al-Zayyat, Abbasid vizier


text: Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i, Muslim governor


text: Li Rangyi, chancellor of Tang dynasty China


text: Emperor Lothair I, and his (half) brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald, meet in Koblenz to continue the system of "con-fraternal government".


text: The Medieval Cholas in Southern India start to rule (approximate date).


text: Frankish forces under Count (comté) William of Septimania assume authority over the counties of Barcelona and Empúries (modern Spain).


text: Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, High King of Mide, defeats a Norse Viking army at Sciath Nechtain in Ireland (approximate date).


text: The armies of Brycheiniog and Gwent clash in the battle of Ffinnant (Wales). King Ithel of Gwent is killed in the fighting (approximate date).


text: The Saracens conquer Ragusa (Sicily), after its Byzantine garrison is forced by severe famine to surrender. The city and its castle are razed to the ground.


text: Pope Leo IV builds (on the opposite of the Tiber River) the Leonine City, a fortified three-kilometre wall that encircles the Vatican Hill and Borgo, to defend Rome.


text: Summer – Bordeaux, capital of Aquitaine, falls into the hands of Viking raiders. King Charles the Bald sends a Frankish fleet to lift the siege. Despite destroying some Viking longships on the Dordogne River, they fail to save the city. The Abbey of Saint-Pierre in Brantôme is sacked.


text: The Roman Catholic church of Santa María del Naranco, on the slope of Monte Naranco (Northern Spain), is completed.


text: Onneca Fortúnez, Basque princess (or 850)


text: Lothair the Lame, Frankish abbot (d. 865)


text: Carloman, Frankish abbot (d. 877)


text: Charles the Child, king of Aquitaine (or 847)


text: Alfonso III, king of Asturias (approximate date)


text: Ithel, king of Gwent (approximate date)


text: Rechtabhra, bishop of Clonfert


text: Cui Yuanshi, chancellor of the Tang dynasty


text: Guo, empress dowager of the Tang dynasty


text: Malik ibn Kaydar, Muslim governor


text: Yahya al-Laithi, Muslim scholar


text: Frankish forces under King Charles the Bald invade southern France, and conquer the territory of Toulouse. He appoints Fredelo as count (comté) of Toulouse, who founds the Rouergue dynasty. Aquitaine is submitted to the West Frankish Kingdom.


text: Summer – Battle of Ostia: A Saracen Arab fleet from Sardinia sets sail towards Rome. In response, Pope Leo IV forms a coalition of maritime Italian cities, including Naples, Amalfi and Gaeta, led by Admiral Caesar — which is assembled off the re-fortified port of Ostia — and repels the Saracen marauders. Their navy is scattered, resulting in many sunken vessels. Rome is saved from plunder and the expansion of the Aghlabids.


text: The Armenian prince Bagrat II begins a rebellion against Caliph Al-Mutawakkil, of the Abbasid Caliphate.


text: King Pyinbya of Burma founds the city of Bagan, located in the Mandalay Region, and fortifies it with walls.


section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: In the Chinese capital city of Chang'an, an imperial prince is impeached during the Tang Dynasty from his position by officials at court, for erecting a building that obstructs a street in the northwesternmost ward in South Central Chang'an.


date: May

text: May – Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Muslim emir (d. 907)


text: Eric Anundsson, king of Sweden (d. 882)


text: Alfred the Great, king of Wessex (d. 899)


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Theophylact, Byzantine co-emperor (b. c.793)


date: June

text: June – Ali ibn al-Madini, Muslim scholar (b. 778)


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Walafrid Strabo, Frankish theological writer


text: Ali ibn Muhammad, Idrisid emir of Morocco


text: Zhang Zhongwu, Chinese general


text: Connagan, bishop of Clonfert (Ireland)


text: Itakh (Ītākh al-Khazarī), Muslim general


text: c. June? – Ragenar, bishop of Amiens


text: Conaing mac Flainn, king of Brega (Ireland)


text: c. February – Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali, Muslim governor


year_label: 85 CE

text: Domitian appoints himself censor for life, which gives him the right to control the Senate. His totalitarian tendencies put the senatorial aristocracy firmly in opposition to him.

source_title: AD 85

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Dacians under Decebalus engage in two wars against the Romans from this year to AD 88 or 89.


text: Emperor Domitian repulses a Dacian invasion of Moesia.


text: Baekje invades the outskirts of Silla in the Korean peninsula. The war continues until the peace treaty of 105.


text: Vibia Matidia (the Younger), Roman noblewoman (approximate date)


text: Marcion of Sinope, Greek theologian and founder of Marcionism (d. 160)


text: Gaius Oppius Sabinus, Roman politician and governor


text: Lucius Mindius, Roman politician and aristocrat


text: Titus Atilius Rufus, Roman politician and governor


text: King Kenneth I (also called Kenneth MacAlpin) of Alba (modern Scotland) invades Northern Northumbria during the period of 850–858, burning Dunbar and Melrose.


text: Danish Viking raiders, led by King Rorik, conquer Dorestad and Utrecht (modern-day Netherlands). Emperor Lothair I recognizes him as ruler of most of Friesland.


text: Uxmal becomes the capital of a large state in the Puuk hills region of northern Yucatán (modern Mexico). The city is connected by causeways (sakbe) to other important Puuk sites, such as K'abah, Sayil, and Labna (approximate date).

source_section: Events › Middle East › Mesoamerica


text: April 22 – Gunther becomes archbishop of Cologne (modern Germany).


date: June 18

text: June 18 – Perfecto, a Christian priest in Muslim Córdoba, is executed (beheaded) after he refuses to retract critical comments he made about Muhammad.


text: The Pillar of Eliseg is erected by King Cyngen ap Cadell of Powys (Wales), as a memorial to his great-grandfather Elisedd ap Gwylog (or Eliseg) (approximate date).


text: King Louis II, the eldest son of Lothair I, is crowned joint emperor by Pope Leo IV at Rome, and becomes co-ruler of the Middle Frankish Kingdom.


text: The Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil issues a decree that orders Jews and Christians to wear the zunnar, honey-coloured outer garments and badge-like patches on their on their servants' clothing.

source_section: Events › Middle East


section: Science & Discovery

text: Coffee is discovered (according to legend) by the Ethiopian goatherder Kaldi in East Africa, who notices that his goats become energetic after chewing the red berries from certain wild bushes (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Food and Drink


section: Disasters & Accidents

text: It is hypothesized that sometime around 850 a group of Buddhist pilgrims travelling through a valley near Roopkund (modern India) were killed when caught out in the open in a sudden hailstorm. Their remains were discovered in 1942.

source_section: Events › Middle East › India


date: June 27

text: June 27 – Ibrahim II, emir of the Aghlabids (d. 902)


text: Hucbald, Frankish music theorist (or 840)


text: Du Guangting, Chinese Taoist priest and writer (d. 933)


text: Aribo of Austria, Frankish margrave (approximate date)


text: Reginar I, duke of Lorraine (approximate date)


text: Smbat I, king of Armenia (approximate date)


text: Tuotilo, German monk and composer (approximate date)


text: Onneca Fortúnez, Basque princess (or 848)


text: Hermenegildo Gutiérrez, Galician nobleman (d. 912)


text: Gerolf of Holland, count of Friesland (approximate date)


text: Herbert I, count of Vermandois (approximate date)


text: Ranulf II, duke of Aquitaine (d. 890)


text: Berno of Cluny, Frankish abbot (approximate date)


text: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, Muslim mathematician (d. 934)


date: February 1

text: February 1 – Ramiro I, king of Asturias


text: February 1 – King Ramiro I dies in his palace at Santa María del Naranco (near Oviedo), after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Ordoño I, as ruler of Asturias.


date: April 18

text: April 18 – Perfectus, Spanish monk and martyr


date: May 6

text: May 6 – Emperor Ninmyō dies after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Montoku, as the 55th emperor of Japan.

source_section: Events › Middle East › Japan


text: May 6 – Ninmyō, emperor of Japan (b. 808)

source_section: Deaths


date: July 14

text: July 14 – Wei Fu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, Muslim official and advisor


text: Vlastimir, Serbian prince (approximate date)


text: Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Persian mathematician


text: Huangbo Xiyun, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk


text: Bishr al-Hafi, Muslim theologian (approximate date)


text: Eanred, king of Northumbria (approximate date)


text: Li Deyu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 787)


text: William of Septimania, Frankish nobleman (b. 826)


text: Treaty of Angers: Charles the Bald meets Erispoe in Angers, and acknowledges him as "king of Brittany". He recognizes the authority of Breton rule over the areas around Nantes, Rennes and Pays de Retz, which become part of the Breton March, a border zone. Erispoe takes the oath to Charles as king of the West Frankish Kingdom (but not an hommage lige which would be an allegiance). To mark the sovereignty of the Breton state, the future Dukes of Brittany are crowned as "Duke, king in their lands".


text: Emperor Lothair I meets with his (half) brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald in Meerssen (modern-day Netherlands), to continue the system of "con-fraternal government".


text: Bagrat II Bagratuni, Armenian prince and leader of a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate, is captured by the Abbasid army, and brought to the caliphal capital of Samarra.


text: Danish Viking raiders enter the Thames Estuary, and plunder Canterbury and London. They land at Wembury near Plymouth, but are defeated by Anglo-Saxon forces led by King Ethelwulf of Wessex. His eldest son Æthelstan of Kent, accompanied by Ealdorman Ealhhere, attacks a Viking fleet off the coast at Sandwich, and captures nine of the enemy vessels while the remainder flees.

source_section: Events › By place › Britain


text: Suleiman al-Tajir, Muslim merchant and traveller, visits China during the Tang Dynasty. He observes the manufacturing of Chinese porcelain at Guangzhou, and writes of his admiration for its transparent quality. Suleiman also describes the mosque at Guangzhou, its granaries, its local government administration, some of its written records, and the treatment of travellers, along with the use of ceramics, rice wine, and tea (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › China


date: September

text: September – King Pepin II of Aquitaine is captured by the forces of Count Sans II Sancion, and handed over to Charles the Bald. He is detained in the monastery of Saint Medard in Soissons.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: The Great Mosque of Samarra (modern Iraq) is completed during the reign of Caliph Al-Mutawakkil.


text: Otto I, duke of Saxony (approximate date)


date: March 7

text: March 7 – Nominoe, king (or duke) of Brittany


date: March 20

text: March 20 – Ebbo, archbishop of Reims


date: July 16

text: July 16 – Sisenandus, deacon and martyr


date: August 22

text: August 22 – Battle of Jengland: Duke Erispoe takes command of the Breton forces after his father Nominoe, king of Brittany, dies. He continues an offensive against the Franks in alliance with Lambert II of Nantes. In Ille-et-Vilaine near Grand-Fougeray (Brittany), Erispoe defeats a Frankish-Saxon army (4,000 men) led by King Charles the Bald.


text: Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh, Muslim governor


text: Íñigo Arista, king of Pamplona (or 852)


text: Vlastimir, prince of Serbia (approximate date)


text: Ólchobar mac Cináeda, king of Munster (Ireland)


text: Cináed mac Conaing, king of Brega (Ireland)


text: Zhou Chi, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 793)


text: King Íñigo Arista of Pamplona dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his son García Íñiguez, as king of Pamplona (later Navarra).


text: Mor Frideborg, Swedish noblewoman


text: Ermengarde of Tours, Frankish empress


text: Radelchis I, prince (or duke) of Benevento


date: March 4

text: March 4 – Trpimir I, duke (knez) of Croatia, and founder of the Trpimirović dynasty, issues a first state document in Bijaći of all Slavonic peoples. In this Latin document Trpimir refers to himself as the "duke of the Croats" (dux Chroatorum), and to his country as the "state of the Croats" (regnum Chroatorum).


text: Emperor Lothair I and his (half) brother Charles the Bald join forces to remove the Vikings from the island of Oscelles, in the River Seine. After this fails, Charles again pays them tribute (Danegeld).


text: A Viking fleet of 350 vessels enters the Thames Estuary before turning north, and engages the Mercian forces under King Beorhtwulf. The Mercians are defeated, and retreat to their settlements. The Vikings then turn south and cross the river somewhere in Surrey; there they are slaughtered by a West Saxon army, led by King Æthelwulf and his son Aethelbald, at Oak Field (Aclea).


text: Gandersheim Abbey in Lower Saxony (modern Germany) is founded by Duke Liudolf of Saxony.


text: King Æthelstan, the eldest son of Æthelwulf, is killed by a Viking raiding party. He is succeeded by his brother Æthelberht, who becomes sub-king of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex (approximate date).


text: According to a 17th century account, the Andalusian inventor Abbas ibn Firnas makes a tower jump in Córdoba. He wraps himself with vulture feathers and attaches two wings to his arms. The alleged attempt to fly is not recorded in earlier sources and is ultimately unsuccessful, but the garment slows his fall enough that he only sustains minor injuries.

source_section: Events › By topic › Aviation


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Qian Liu, Chinese warlord and king (d. 932)


text: Yang Xingmi, Chinese governor (jiedushi) (d. 905)


text: Zhang Quanyi, Chinese warlord (d. 926)


text: Zhu Wen, emperor of Later Liang (d. 912)


text: Bořivoj I, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)


text: Nicholas I Mystikos, Byzantine patriarch (d. 925)


text: Ermengard of Italy, queen regent of Provence (d. 896)


text: Æthelstan, king of Kent (approximate date)


text: Presian I, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire


text: Beorhtwulf (Bright Wolf), king of Mercia


text: Du Mu, Chinese poet and official (b. 803)


text: Abd al-Rahman II, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, dies after a 30-year reign in which he has made additions to the Mosque–Cathedral at Córdoba. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad I, who will put down several revolts of the Muwalladun and Mozarabs in Muslim controlled areas in al-Andalus (modern Spain).

source_section: Events › By place › Al-Andalus


text: Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim imam (or 853)


text: Beorhtwulf dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Burgred as king of Mercia.


text: Íñigo Arista, king of Pamplona (or 851)


text: Presian I, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, dies after a 23-year reign in which the Bulgarians have expanded into Upper Macedonia and Serbia. He is succeeded by his son Boris I, as monarch of Bulgaria.


text: Lambert II, Frankish count and prefect


text: Aurelius and Natalia, Christian martyrs


text: Li Jue, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Abd al-Rahman II, Muslim emir of Córdoba (b. 792)


text: Harald Klak, king of Denmark (approximate date)


text: King Charles the Bald bribes Boris I, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, to form an alliance against his brother Louis the German, with Rastislav of Moravia.


date: May 22

text: May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and destroys the port city of Damietta, located on the Nile Delta in Egypt. A large quantity of weapons and supplies intended for the Emirate of Crete are captured.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: Danish Vikings attempt to subjugate the Curonians on the shoreline of the Baltic Sea, but they are repulsed. King Olof leads Swedish Vikings in retaliation, and attacks the towns of Seeburg and Apuolė (modern Courland).


text: King Burgred of Mercia appeals to Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons, for help against the rebellious Welsh king Rhodri the Great. Æthelwulf agrees to send help, and Wales is subdued as far north as Anglesey.


text: The Fraumünster Church in Zürich (modern Switzerland) is founded by Louis the German.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: Viking marauders in Gaul sail eastward from Nantes without opposition, and reach Tours. The monasteries at Saint-Florent-le-Vieil and Marmoutier are ravaged.


text: Tuan Ch'eng-Shih, Chinese author and scholar during the Tang Dynasty, publishes Miscellaneous Offerings from Yu-yang.


text: Ma Yin, Chinese warlord and king (approximate date)

source_section: Births


text: Adelaide, queen of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 850)


text: Abu Jafar al-Tahawi, Muslim scholar (d. 933)


text: Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Muslim theologian (d. 944)


date: March 27

text: March 27 – Haymo, bishop of Halberstadt


text: Áilgenán mac Donngaile, king of Munster (Ireland)


text: Virasena, Indian mathematician (b. 792)


text: Theodrada, Frankish abbess, daughter of Charlemagne (or 844)


text: Konstanti Kakhi, Georgian nobleman (b. 768)


text: Ishaq ibn Isma'il, emir of Tbilisi (Georgia)


text: Columba, Spanish nun and martyr


text: Gauzbert, count of Maine (approximate date)


text: Gauzbert, count of Maine, is killed during an ambush by citizens of Nantes, in revenge for the death of Lambert II.


text: Ono no Takamura, Japanese scholar (b. 802)


text: Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim imam (or 852)


text: Emperor Lothair I meets his (half) brothers (Louis the German and Charles the Bald) in Attigny, Ardennes for the third time, to continue the system of "con-fraternal government".


text: Croatian–Bulgarian battle: Bulgarian Khan (later Knyaz) Boris I, attacks the Duchy of Littoral Croatia, ruled by Duke Trpimir I during the First Croatian-Bulgarian War. It is fought on the Croatian territory in the vicinity of the Croatian–Bulgarian border in present-day northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. None of the warring sides emerges victorious, Bulgarian forces retreat and finally both parties subsequently conclude a peace treaty.


text: King Cyngen of Powys makes the first pilgrimage to Rome of a Welsh ruler.


text: Viking chieftain Ubba winters in Milford Haven (Wales) with 23 ships.


text: King Æthelwulf of Wessex sends his two youngest sons, Alfred and Æthelred, on a pilgrimage to Rome.


text: The German city of Ulm is first mentioned, in a document by Louis the German.


text: Cui Yin, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 904)


text: Cadell ap Rhodri, king of Seisyllwg (d. 909)


text: Al-Mu'tadid, Muslim caliph (or 861)


text: Theobald the Elder, Frankish nobleman (d. 942)


text: Túathal mac Máele-Brigte, king of Leinster


text: King Æthelweard of East Anglia dies, and is succeeded by his 14-year-old son Edmund ("the Martyr").


text: Eardulf becomes bishop of Lindisfarne, after the death of Eanbert.


text: Liudger, bishop of Utrecht (approximate date)


text: Viking chieftains Rorik and Godfrid Haraldsson return to Denmark, to gain power after the death of King Horik I. During a civil war, they are forced to go back to Friesland.


text: Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 855)


text: Osburh, queen of Wessex (approximate date)


text: Horik I, Viking king of Denmark


text: Wang Yuankui, Chinese general (b. 812)


text: Æthelweard, king of East Anglia


text: Eanbert, bishop of Lindisfarne


text: Abu Thawr, Muslim scholar (b. 764)


text: Caliph al-Mutawakkil sends an Abbasid army, led by the Turkic general Bugha al-Kabir, to suppress an uprising of rebellious Armenian nakharars. He subdues the country, and deports many Armenian nobles to the caliphal capital of Samarra.


text: Æthelwulf grants churches in Wessex the right to receive tithes. He gives one-tenth of his lands to the Church.


text: The Slavic alphabet is created by Saints Cyril and Methodius.


date: November 20

text: November 20 – Theoktistos, co-regent of the Empire on behalf of 15-year old Emperor Michael III, is murdered on the orders of Michael.


section: Culture & Society

text: Spring – King Æthelwulf of Wessex decides to go on a pilgrimage to Rome, accompanied by his youngest son Alfred (age 6) and a large retinue. He divides the kingdom between his two eldest sons; Æthelbald receives the western part of Wessex, while Æthelberht becomes ruler over Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex.


text: Gerald of Aurillac, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)


text: Jing Hao, Chinese painter (d. 915)


text: Han Jian, Chinese warlord (d. 912)


text: Guaimar I of Salerno, Lombard prince (approximate date)


text: Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Muslim vizier (d. 924)


date: July 17

text: July 17 – Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 790)


text: July 17 – Pope Leo IV dies after an 8-year reign, and is succeeded by Benedict III as the 104th pope of Rome. Anastasius is made anti-pope by Lothair I.


date: September 20

text: September 20 – Gozbald, abbot and bishop of Würzburg


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Emperor Lothair I dies after a 15-year reign (co-ruling with his father Louis the Pious until 840). He divides the Middle Frankish Kingdom between his three sons in an agreement called the Treaty of Prüm—the eldest, Louis II, receives the northern half of Italy and the title of Holy Roman Emperor. The second, Lothair II, receives Lotharingia (the Low Countries and Upper Burgundy). The youngest, Charles, receives Lower Burgundy and Provence.

source_section: Events › By place › Central Europe


text: September 29 – Lothair I, Frankish king and emperor (b. 795)


text: November 20 – Theoktistos, Byzantine chief minister


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Drogo of Metz, illegitimate son of Charlemagne (b. 801)


text: Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Muslim scholar and theologian (b. 780)


text: Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 854)


text: Cyngen ap Cadell, king of Powys (Wales)


text: Pepin, count of Vermandois (approximate date)


text: Boso the Elder, count of Turin and Valois


text: Elisedd ap Cyngen, king of Powys (Wales)


text: Sico II, prince of Salerno (Italy)


text: King Charles the Bald cedes the county of Maine to Erispoe, ruler (duke) of Brittany—this in return for an alliance against the Vikings.


text: Winter – Æthelwulf returns to Wessex to face a revolt by his eldest son Æthelbald, who usurps the throne. Æthelwulf agrees to give up the western part of his kingdom, in order to avoid a civil war. He keeps control over Sussex, Surrey, Essex and Kent, over which Prince Æthelberht has presided.


text: King Ordoño I of Asturias is said to have begun the repopulation of the town of León in the northwest of Spain (approximate date).


date: March 15

text: March 15 – Emperor Michael III overthrows the regency of his mother Theodora. He appoints his uncle Bardas as the de facto regent and co-ruler of the Byzantine Empire.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – King Æthelwulf of Wessex marries the 12- or 13-year-old Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, at Verberie (Northern France). She is crowned queen and anointed by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims. The marriage is a diplomatic alliance between Wessex and the West Frankish Kingdom.


date: November

text: November (approximate date) – An earthquake in Corinth, Greece kills an estimated 45,000 people.

source_section: Events › By topic › Geology


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Another earthquake strikes the Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Tunisia), also killing an estimated 45,000 people.


date: December 22

text: December 22 – Another earthquake strikes Damghan (modern-day Iran), killing an estimated 200,000 people.


date: October 24

text: October 24 – Li Keyong, Shatuo governor (jiedushi) (d. 908)


text: Li Maozhen, Chinese warlord and king (d. 924)


date: January 7

text: January 7 – Aldric, bishop of Le Mans


date: February 4

text: February 4 – Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz


date: August 6

text: August 6 – Fujiwara no Nagara, Japanese statesman (b. 802)


date: August 16

text: August 16 – Theutbald I, bishop of Langres


text: Florinus of Remüs, Frankish priest and martyr


text: Guerin, Frankish nobleman (or 845)


text: Godfrid Haraldsson, Viking chieftain (approximate date)


text: Ilyas ibn Asad, Muslim emir (approximate date)


text: Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas, Muslim emir


text: November – Erispoe, ruler (duke) of Brittany, is assassinated by his cousin Salomon and followers, in the church at Talensac. King Charles the Bald acknowledges Salomon as the rightful 'king' of Brittany.


text: Viking chieftain Rorik, with the agreement of King Lothair II, leaves Dorestad with a fleet and forces his rival Horik II to recognise him as ruler over Denmark (approximate date).


text: Emperor Michael III, under the influence of his uncle Bardas, banishes his mother Theodora to the Gastria Monastery. Bardas, the de facto regent, becomes the most powerful person in the Byzantine Empire.


text: A Danish Viking fleet raids the cities of Dorestad, Paris and Orléans. Others sail up the Oise River, ravaging Beauvais and the abbey of Saint-Germer-de-Fly (approximate date).


section: Health & Medicine

text: The first recorded major outbreak of ergotism kills thousands of people in the Rhine Valley. They have eaten bread made from rye infected with the ergot fungus parasite Claviceps purpurea (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Medicine


text: Li Cunjin, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 922)


text: Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, Korean philosopher and poet


date: March 11

text: March 11 – Eulogius, Spanish priest and martyr


text: Dae Ijin, king of Balhae (Korea)


text: Zheng Lang, chancellor of the Tang dynasty


text: Ziryab, Muslim poet and musician (b. 789)


text: Ma Zhi, chancellor of the Tang dynasty


text: Hilderic of Farfa, Frankish abbot


text: Kim Yang, viceroy of Silla (Korea) (b. 808)


text: Matudán mac Muiredaig, king of Ulaid (Ireland)


text: Harith al-Muhasibi, Muslim teacher (b. 781)


text: Roderick, Spanish priest and saint


text: Yuhanna ibn Masawaiyh, Assyrian physician


text: Erispoe, king (duke) of Brittany


text: Wang Shaoding, Chinese governor (jiedushi)


text: Yahya ibn Aktham, Muslim jurist


text: Summer – King Louis the German, summoned by the disaffected Frankish nobles, invades the West Frankish Kingdom and secures Aquitaine for his nephew Pepin II ("the Younger"). King Charles the Bald flees to Burgundy; he is saved by the help of the bishops, and by the fidelity of the family of the Welfs, who are related to Judith (second wife of former emperor Louis the Pious).


date: October 23

text: October 23 – Ignatios I, patriarch of Constantinople, is imprisoned by orders of Emperor Michael III, and replaced by the layman Photius I.


text: Synod of Quierzy: The bishops remain loyal to Charles the Bald during the invasion of his dominions by Louis the German. They address a conciliatory letter to Louis the German, which includes the False Decretals.


text: Viking raiders, led by Björn Ironside, set fire to the earliest church on the site of Chartres Cathedral. Charles the Bald pays him tribute (Danegeld) to save Verberie (Northern France).


text: An enormous flood along the Grand Canal inundates thousands of acres of farmland and kills tens of thousands of people in the North China Plain.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Lady Wu, wife of Qian Liu (d. 919)


text: Mansur al-Hallaj, Persian mystic writer (d. 922)


text: Zhang Juhan, official of Later Liang (d. 928)


text: Niftawayh, Muslim scholar and grammarian (d. 935)


text: Tian Jun, Chinese warlord (d. 903)


text: Rudaki, Persian poet (approximate date)


text: He Gui, general of Later Liang (d. 919)


text: Liu Xun, general of Later Liang (d. 921)


text: Cele Dabhaill mac Scannal, Irish abbot (d. 927)


text: Richard, duke of Burgundy (approximate date)


text: Al-Battani, Muslim astronomer and mathematician (d. 929)


text: Gao Jixing, founder of Chinese Jingnan (d. 929)


date: January 13

text: January 13 – Æthelwulf, king of Wessex


text: January 13 – King Æthelwulf of Wessex dies after an 18-year reign, and is succeeded by his eldest son Æthelbald. He marries his father's young widow Judith (daughter of Charles the Bald), and becomes sole ruler of Wessex. His brother, Æthelberht, is left to rule Kent and the south-east of England.


date: February 13

text: February 13 – King Kenneth I (Cináed mac Ailpín), king of the Scots, dies after a 15-year reign in which he has been crowned at Scone, and united the various parts of Scotland with his native Dál Riata. His 46-year-old brother succeeds as Donald I, king of Alba.


text: February 13 – Kenneth I, king of Scotland (b. 810)


date: April 17

text: April 17 – Benedict III, pope of the Catholic Church


text: April 17 – Pope Benedict III dies after a 3-year reign, in which he has intervened in a political conflict between the sons of Emperor Lothair I. He is succeeded by Nicholas I, as the 105th pope of Rome.


date: October 7

text: October 7 – Emperor Montoku dies after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son Seiwa as the 56th emperor of Japan, with Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (Seiwa's grandfather) governing as regent and great minister of the Council of State.


text: Theodosius, patriarch of the Church of the East


text: Li Shangyin, Chinese official and poet


text: Liu Zhuan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 796)


text: Wei Mo, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 793)


text: Leuthard II, Frankish count (or 869)


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Battle of St. Quentin: Frankish forces, led by Humfrid, defeat King Louis the German at Saint-Quentin (Northern France). Humfrid is enfeoffed with the County of Autun, and appointed Margrave of Burgundy, by King Charles the Bald.


text: Battle of Albelda: King Ordoño I of Asturias, and his ally García Íñiguez I, defeat the Muslims under Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi at Albelda.

source_section: Events › By place › Iberian Peninsula


text: Viking raiders invade the Kingdom of Pamplona (Western Pyrenees), and capture King García Íñiguez I, somewhere in the Andalusian heartland. They extort a ransom, rising to around 70,000 gold dinars.


text: The Russian city of Novgorod is first mentioned in the Sofia Chronicles.


text: Summer – The Viking chieftains Hastein and Björn Ironside (a son of Ragnar Lodbrok) begin an expedition, and sail from the Loire River with a fleet of 62 ships, to raid cities and monasteries in the Mediterranean Sea.


text: Viking raiders burn the mosques of Seville and Algeciras in al-Andalus (modern Spain).


text: 859 Syrian coast earthquake. It affected the Mediterranean coast of Syria It caused almost the complete destruction of Latakia and Jableh, major damage at Antioch and led to many deaths.

source_section: Events › By place › Syria


text: Winter – The weather is so severe that the Adriatic Sea freezes, and Italy is covered in snow for 100 days.


text: The University of Al Karaouine is founded in Fes (modern Morocco), by Fatima al-Fihri (recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest still-operating university in the world).

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate (d. 946)


text: Odo I, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 860)


text: Tannet of Pagan, king of Burma (d. 904)


text: Rudolph I, king of Burgundy (d. 912)


text: Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, first Zaydi Imam of Yemen (d. 911)


date: September 7

text: September 7 – Xuān Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. 810)


text: September 7 – Emperor Xuān Zong (Li Yi) dies after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his eldest son Yi Zong, as ruler of the Tang dynasty.


date: December 13

text: December 13 – Angilbert II, archbishop of Milan


text: Dhul-Nun al-Misri, Egyptian scholar and Sufi (b. 796)


text: Lu Shang, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 789)


text: Máel Gualae, king of Munster (Ireland)


text: Immo, bishop of Noyon (approximate date)


year_label: 86 CE

text: Germania is divided into two provinces, Germania Inferior and Germania Superior (approximate date).

source_title: AD 86

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Ban Gu (Pan Kou) and his sister Ban Zhao (Pan Tchao) compose the History of China.


text: Roman general (and future emperor) Trajan begins a campaign to crush an uprising in Germania.


text: Martial publishes Books I and II of the Epigrams.


text: Emperor Domitian introduces the Capitoline Games.


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Antoninus Pius, Roman emperor (d. 161)


date: June 9

text: June 9 – Cornelius Fuscus, Roman general and praetorian prefect

source_section: Deaths


text: First Battle of Tapae: Roman legions face disaster in Dacia, when Roman general Cornelius Fuscus launches a powerful offensive that becomes a failure. Encircled in the valley of Timi, he dies along with his entire army. Rome must pay tribute to the Dacians in exchange for a vague recognition of Rome's importance.

source_section: Events › By place › Dacia


date: June 18

text: June 18 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessels sails into the Bosphorus, and starts pillaging the suburbs of Constantinople. The raiders set homes on fire, and drown and kill the citizens. Unable to do anything to repel the invaders, Patriarch Photios I urges his flock to implore the Theotokos to save the Byzantine capital. Having devastated the suburbs, the Rus' Vikings pass into the Sea of Marmara and attack the Isles of the Princes, plundering the local monasteries.


text: Muhammad I, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, invades Pamplona (Pyrenees), and captures Crown Prince Fortún Garcés in Milagro, along with his daughter Onneca Fortúnez, and takes them as hostages to Córdoba.


text: Summer – Viking raiders led by Weland sail to England and attack Winchester (the capital of Wessex), which is set ablaze. He spreads inland, but is defeated by West Saxon forces, who deprive him of all he has gained.


text: Summer – The Viking chieftains Hastein and Björn Ironside ravage upstream and move to Italy, sacking Luna (believing it to be Rome). They sail up the River Arno to sack the cities of Pisa and Fiesole (Tuscany).


text: Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius arrive in Khazaria.


text: Michael I succeeds Sophronius I, as patriarch of Alexandria.


text: Lusterware tiles, that decorated the mihrab of the Mosque of Uqba at Kairouan (modern Tunisia), are made (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Art


text: The Japanese alphabet Hiragana becomes more popular in Japan. The phonetic alphabet will be further simplified, and reduced to 51 basic characters (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Communication


text: King Charles the Bald gives the order to build fortified bridges across the Seine and Loire Rivers, to protect Paris and the Frankish heartland against Viking raids. He hires the services of Weland, a Viking chieftain based on the Somme, to attack the Seine Vikings at their base on the Isle of Oissel. Weland besieges the Vikings—they offer him a huge bribe (6,000 pounds of silver) to let them escape.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: Tudwal Gloff, Welsh prince (approximate date)


text: Sergius III, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)


text: Sancho Garcés I, king of Pamplona (approximate date)


text: Ludmila, Bohemian duchess regent and saint (approximate date)


text: Vasugupta, Indian writer and philosopher (d. 925)


text: John X, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 928)


text: Donald II, king of Scotland (approximate date)


text: Robert I, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 866)


text: Odo I, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 859)


text: Georgios I, king of Makuria (approximate date)


text: Bertila of Spoleto, queen of Italy (approximate date)


text: Ibn Abd Rabbih, Moorish writer and poet (d. 940)


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Abbo, bishop of Auxerre


date: December 20

text: December 20 – Æthelbald, king of Wessex


text: December 20 – King Æthelbald of Wessex dies after a 2½-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother, sub-king Æthelberht of Kent, who becomes sole ruler of Wessex.


text: Guy I, duke of Spoleto (approximate date)


text: Sedulius Scottus, Irish grammarian


text: 'Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi, Muslim governor


text: Govindasvāmi, Indian astronomer (approximate date)


text: Constantine Kontomytes, Byzantine general


text: Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī, Muslim mathematician


text: Halfdan the Black, Norwegian nobleman


text: Athanasia of Aegina, Byzantine noblewoman


text: Tunberht, bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)


date: March

text: March – Robert the Strong is appointed margrave of Neustria by King Charles the Bald. He re-establishes the Breton March, and extends his remit by campaigning against Salomon, duke 'king' of Brittany. Robert hires a combined Seine-Loire fleet for 6,000 pounds of silver, 'before Salomon can ally with them against him'. In return, Salomon enlists 12 Viking ships under the command of Hastein, to raid the county of Maine, which, with Anjou, becomes squeezed between Brittany and Neustria.


text: Carloman, eldest son of King Louis the German, revolts against his father. He is captured, but manages to escape to the Ostmark (or 862).


text: Ya'qub ibn al-Layth, a Muslim military leader, starts rebelling against the Abbasids and founds the Saffarid Dynasty in the 870s. He rules over parts of Khurasan and eastern Iran, and establishes his capital at Zaranj (modern Afghanistan).

source_section: Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate


text: Summer – Viking raiders sack the cities of Paris, Cologne, Aachen, Worms and Toulouse.


date: December 11

text: December 11 – Caliph al-Mutawakkil is assassinated by his Turkish guard, starting the period of troubles known as the "Anarchy at Samarra" (861–870). He is succeeded by his son Al-Muntasir, as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.


text: Spring – The Council of Constantinople, attended by 318 fathers and presided over by papal legates, confirms Photius the Great as patriarch, and passes 17 canons.


text: Al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) orders the construction of a Nilometer on Rhoda Island in central Cairo, supervised by the Persian astronomer Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani.

source_section: Events › By topic › Hydrology


text: Heongang, king of Silla (approximate date)


text: Abdullah ibn al-Mu'tazz, Muslim poet (d. 908)


text: Abu Bakr Shibli, Muslim Sufi (d. 946)


text: Al-Mu'tadid, Muslim caliph (or 854)


date: April 6

text: April 6 – Prudentius, bishop of Troyes


text: December 11 – al-Fath ibn Khaqan, chief confidante and councillor of al-Mutawakkil


text: December 11 – Al-Mutawakkil, Abbasid caliph (b. 822), On the night of 11 December, about one hour after midnight, the Turk guards burst in the chamber where the Caliph and al-Fath were having supper. Al-Fath was killed trying to protect the Caliph, who was killed next. His son, Al-Muntasir, who now assumed the caliphate, initially claimed that al-Fath had murdered his father, and that he had been killed after; within a short time, however, the official story changed to al-Mutawakkil choking on his drink.


text: Álvaro of Córdoba, Mozarab scholar and theologian


text: Shuja also known as Umm Jaʽfar was the mother of Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil.


text: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani, Persian astronomer


text: Meinrad of Einsiedeln, German hermit and martyr


text: Samuel of Kakheti, Georgian prince


text: Pribina, Slavic prince (approximate date)


text: Bai Minzhong, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 792)


text: Gregory of Khandzta, Georgian archimandrite (b. 759)


text: Gladilanus, Galician clergyman (approximate date)


text: Ansovinus, bishop of Camerino (approximate date)


text: Fan Chuo finishes his Manchu ("Book of the Southern Tribes"), during the Tang Dynasty.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: Carloman, eldest son of King Louis the German, revolts against his father. He is captured, but manages to escape to the Ostmark (or 861).


text: First raid of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin at the request of Rastislav of Moravia against the East Frankish Kingdom.


text: Robert the Strong, margrave of Neustria, captures 12 Viking ships and kills their crews. He pays tribute (Danegeld) for keeping the Vikings out of Neustria.


text: The Varangians (called Rus'), under the leadership of Rurik, a Viking chieftain, arrive (with his brothers, Sineus and Truvor) at Staraya Ladoga. He builds a trade settlement near Novgorod (modern Russia), and founds the Rurik Dynasty.

source_section: Events › By place › Eastern Europe


text: Ashot I ("the Great") is recognized as the 'Prince of Princes' of Armenia, by the Abbasids.


text: King Lothair II of Lotharingia tries to divorce his wife Teutberga, on trumped-up charges of incest. With the support of his brother, Louis II, the bishops give him permission to remarry during a synod at Aachen.

source_section: Events › By place › Central Europe


text: Constantine the Philosopher (alias Saint Cyril) invents the 42-letter Slavonic alphabet (Cyrillic script) as a tool for converting the Moravians to Christianity (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: During the Council of Shirakavan representatives of the Armenian, Byzantine and West-Syrian Churches convenes to discuss church union. Though this is not achieved, an agreement is formulated which allows for the peaceful co-existence of Orthodox and non-Chalcedonians in the Byzantine-Armenian borderlands.


text: March – Viking raiders led by Weland are trapped at Trilbardou Bridge (Northern France), and submit to King Charles the Bald. He and his family accept Christianity (they are baptised) before leaving Neustria.


text: The first written record (according to the Primary Chronicle) is made of the towns of Belozersk and Murom (Northern Russia).


date: June 8

text: June 8 – Xi Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 888)

source_section: Births


text: Li Cunxin, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 902)


text: Wang Chuzhi, Chinese warlord (d. 922)


text: Li Cunshen, general of Later Tang (d. 924)


text: Xu Wen, general and regent of Wu (d. 927)


text: Xiao Qing, chancellor of Later Liang (d. 930)


text: Yúnmén Wényǎn, Chinese Zen master (or 864)


text: Wang Shenzhi, founder of Min (Ten Kingdoms) (d. 925)


text: Zhou Ben, general of Wu (d. 938)


date: April 13

text: April 13 – King Donald I of Scotland dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his nephew Constantine I, as ruler of Scotland.

source_section: Events › By place › Britain


text: April 13 – Donald I, king of Scotland (b. 812)


date: June

text: June – Caliph al-Muntasir dies after just a half-year reign. He is succeeded by al-Musta'in (son of prince Muhammad), as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.


date: July 2

text: July 2 – Swithun, bishop of Winchester


date: September 26

text: September 26 – Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi, Muslim military leader (b. c. 790)


text: Lupus Servatus, Frankish abbot (approximate date)


text: Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, High King of Ireland


text: Bugha al-Kabir, Muslim general


text: Áed Findliath is crowned High King of Ireland, after the death of Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid (until 879).


text: Ruarc mac Brain, king of Leinster (Ireland)


text: Æthelred II, king of Northumbria


text: Tahir ibn Abdallah, Muslim governor


text: Al-Muntasir, Muslim caliph (b. 837)


date: September 3

text: September 3 – Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Malatya. The Muslims raid deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the Black Sea coast at the port city of Amisos. Petronas annihilates the Arabs near the River Lalakaon, in Paphlagonia (modern Turkey).

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: King Osberht of Northumbria engages in a dispute for royal power, with a rival claimant named Ælla. After Osberht is replaced, Ælla wields power in Northumbria, but the civil war continues.


text: The Byzantine Empire invades Bulgaria in order to impose Orthodox Christianity on Boris I.


text: King Louis the German suppresses the revolt of his son Carloman (for the second time), who wants a partition (mainly of Bavaria) of the East Frankish Kingdom.


text: The Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius arrive with a few disciples in Moravia, by request of Prince Rastislav.


text: Viking raiders again plunder Dorestad (modern Netherlands), a Frankish port on the mouth of the river Rhine. It thereafter disappears from the chronicles.


text: Danish Vikings loot along the Rhine. They settle on an island near Cologne, but are driven off by the combined forces of Lothair II and the Saxons.


text: Duan Chengshi, Chinese author and scholar, writes about the Chinese maritime trade and the Arab-run slave trade in East Africa.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Nicholas I excommunicates Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople.


text: The Christianization of Kievan Rus begins, ceasing the 63-year-long dominance of the Rus' Khaganate (approximate date).


text: Pope Nicholas I sends archbishops Gunther and Theotgaud to a synod of Metz, which confirms the permission given to King Lothair II of Lotharingia to remarry.


text: The first written record is made of Smolensk (according to the Primary Chronicle).


date: February 13

text: 13 February – Dvin earthquake. It took place in the city of Dvin on 13 February, 863. During the 9th century, Dvin was the only "heavily populated" city in Muslim-dominated Armenia. The city was part of the wider Abbasid Caliphate, and had a multiethnic population.

source_section: Events › By place › Armenia


text: Wang Yanzhang, general of Later Liang (d. 923)


text: Li Decheng, general of Wu (Five Dynasties) (d. 940)


text: Bertha, duchess regent of Lucca and Tuscany (d. 925)


text: Shen Song, chancellor of Wuyue (d. 938)


text: Louis III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 865)


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Emperor Louis II claims Provence, after the death of his brother Charles. King Lothair II receives Lower Burgundy and a part of the Jura Mountains.


text: January 25 – Charles of Provence, Frankish king (b. 845)


date: June 4

text: June 4 – Charles, archbishop of Mainz


date: June 6

text: June 6 – Abu Musa Utamish, Muslim vizier


date: October 4

text: October 4 – Turpio, Frankish nobleman


text: Duan Chengshi, Chinese official and scholar


text: Daniél ua Líahaiti, Irish abbot and poet


text: Umar al-Aqta, emir of Melitene


text: Bivin of Gorze, Frankish nobleman


text: Mucel, bishop of Hereford (approximate date)


text: Yahya ibn Muhammad, Idrisid emir of Morocco


text: Muirecán mac Diarmata, king of Leinster


text: Karbeas, leader of the Paulicians


text: Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani, Muslim governor


date: July 25

text: July 25 – Edict of Pistres: King Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings. He creates a large force of cavalry, which inspires the beginning of French chivalry.


text: Hasan ibn Zayd establishes the Zaydid Dynasty, and is recognized as ruler of Tabaristan (Northern Iran).


text: King Alfonso III conquers Porto from the Emirate of Cordoba. This is the end of the direct Muslim domination of the Douro region.


text: Viking raiders, led by Olaf the White, arrive in Scotland from the Viking settlement of Dublin (Ireland). He rampages the country, until his defeat in battle by King Constantine I.


text: Pepin II joins the Vikings in an attack on Toulouse. He is captured while besieging the Frankish city. Pepin is deposed as king of Aquitaine, and imprisoned in Senlis.


text: King Louis the German invades Moravia, crossing the Danube River to besiege the civitas Dowina (identified, although not unanimously, with Devín Castle in Slovakia).


text: Robert the Strong, margrave of Neustria, attacks the Loire Vikings in a successful campaign. Other Viking raiders plunder the cities of Limoges and Clermont, in Aquitaine.


text: Spring – Emperor Louis II (the Younger) marches with a Frankish army against Rome. While en route to the papal city, he becomes ill, and decides to make peace with Pope Nicholas I.


text: The Christianization of Bulgaria begins: Boris I, Knyaz of the Bulgarian Empire, is converted to Orthodox Christianity. His family and high-ranking dignitaries accept the Orthodox faith at the capital, Pliska - from this point onwards the rulers of the Bulgarian Empire are known as ‘Tsars’ rather than ‘Khans’.


text: Jōgan eruption (Japan): Mount Fuji, located on Honshu Island, erupts for 10 days.


text: Louis III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 863)


text: Yúnmén Wényǎn, Chinese Zen master (or 862)


text: Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun, ruler of the Tulunid Dynasty (d. 896)


text: Simeon I, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire (or 865)


text: Gu Quanwu, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 931)


text: Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Muslim scholar (d. 941)


date: September 13

text: September 13 – Pietro Tradonico dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by Orso I Participazio, who becomes doge of Venice.


text: September 13 – Pietro Tradonico, doge of Venice


text: Ennin, Japanese priest and traveler


text: Lorcán mac Cathail, king of Uisneach (Ireland)


text: Bi Xian, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 802)


text: Al-Fadl ibn Marwan, Muslim vizier


text: Yahya ibn Umar, Muslim imam (or 865)


text: Pei Xiu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 791)


text: Al-Fadl ibn Qarin al-Tabari, Muslim governor


text: Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Jarjara'i, Muslim vizier (or 865)


text: Sancho II, count of Gascony (approximate date)


text: Arnold of Gascony, Frankish nobleman


text: Hucbert, Frankish nobleman (b. 820)


text: Trpimir I, duke (knez) of Croatia


text: King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. Carloman receives Bavaria (with more lands along the Inn River). He gives Saxony to Louis the Younger (with Franconia, and Thuringia) and Swabia (with Raetia) to Charles the Fat. Louis arranges marriages into the local aristocracy, for his sons to hold important territories along the frontiers.


text: The Great Heathen Army (probably no more than 1,000 men) of Vikings, led by Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan Ragnarsson, invades East Anglia. King Edmund of East Anglia buys peace with a supply of horses.


text: Boris I, ruler (knyaz) of the Bulgarian Empire, suppresses a revolt, and orders the execution of 52 leading boyars, along with their whole families.


text: Caliphal Civil War: An armed conflict starts between the rival Muslim caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz. They fight to determine who takes control over the Abbasid Caliphate (until 866).


text: King Lothair II, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Teutberga. She expresses her desire for an annulment, but this is refused by Pope Nicholas I.


text: Viking king Ragnar Lodbrok is captured by the Northumbrians in battle, and killed by being thrown into a pit filled with venomous snakes, on the orders of King Ælla of Northumbria.


text: Al-Nayrizi, Persian mathematician (d. 922)


text: Louis III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 863)


text: Jinseong, queen of Silla (approximate date)


text: Baldwin II, Frankish margrave (approximate date)


text: Lady Ren Neiming, Chinese noblewoman (d. 918)


text: Simeon I, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire (or 864)


date: February 3

text: February 3 – Ansgar, Frankish monk and archbishop (b. 801)


date: March 8

text: March 8 – Rudolf of Fulda, German theologian


date: November 11

text: November 11 – Petronas, Byzantine general


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Zheng, empress of the Tang dynasty


text: Antony the Younger, Byzantine governor and saint (b. 785)


text: Autumn – King Æthelberht of Wessex dies after a 5-year reign, and is buried at Sherborne Abbey (Dorset). He is succeeded by his brother Æthelred I, as ruler of Wessex.


text: Kassia, a Byzantine abbess and hymnographer, dies. She is one of the first Early Medieval composers of many hymns.


text: Khurshid, ruler (shah) of Daylam


text: Ragnar Lodbrok, king of Denmark and Sweden


text: Tigernach mac Fócartai, king of Lagore (Ireland)


text: Yahya ibn Umar, Muslim imam (or 864)


text: Lothair the Lame, Frankish abbot


text: Deshan Xuanjian, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk


text: Kassia, Byzantine abbess and hymnographer


text: Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent (sesshō) to assist the child emperor Seiwa, starting the Fujiwara regency.

source_section: Events › Italy › Japan


text: Boris I, ruler (knyaz) of the Bulgarian Empire, sends a diplomatic mission, led by the Bulgarian nobleman Peter, to Rome, in an effort to renew ties with the West.


text: July 2 – Battle of Brissarthe: Frankish forces, led by Robert the Strong, are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army.


text: The Kharijite revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate begins in Al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), which will last for 30 years.

source_section: Events › Italy › Abbasid Caliphate


text: Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor, defeats the Saracen invaders who are ravaging southern Italy.


text: An army in Lucera is assembled by orders of Louis II in preparation for an attack on the Emirate of Bari.

source_section: Events › Italy


text: The Great Heathen Army of the Vikings rides north to Northumbria. The Northumbrians are preoccupied with a civil war, and the Danes enter York unopposed.


date: October 17

text: October 17 – Caliph al-Musta'in is put to death, after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by al-Mu'tazz, who becomes the youngest Abbasid caliph to assume power.


text: Pope Nicholas I forbids the use of torture in prosecutions for witchcraft (approximate date).


text: Pope Nicholas I orders that all Catholics should abstain from eating the "flesh, blood, or marrow" of warm-blooded animals on Wednesdays and Fridays.


date: April 21

text: April 21 – Bardas, the regent of the Byzantine Empire, is murdered by Basil the Macedonian at Miletus, while conducting a large-scale expedition against the Saracen stronghold of Crete.


date: May 26

text: May 26 – Basil the Macedonian is crowned co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, and is adopted by the much younger Michael III.


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Uda, emperor of Japan (d. 931)


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Leo VI, Byzantine emperor (d. 912)


text: Yao Yi, chancellor of Later Tang (d. 940)


text: Carloman II, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (approximate date)


text: Robert I, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (d. 923)


text: April 21 – Bardas, Byzantine chief minister and regent

source_section: Deaths


date: May 27

text: May 27 – Ordoño I, king of Asturias


text: May 27 – King Ordoño I, ruler of the Kingdom of Asturias, dies after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his son, Alfonso III, who later is referred to as "Alfonso the Great".


date: June 21

text: June 21 – Rodulf, Frankish archbishop


date: July 2

text: July 2 – Robert the Strong, Frankish nobleman


date: July 16

text: July 16 – Irmgard, Frankish abbess


text: October 17 – Al-Musta'in, Abbasid caliph


text: Linji Yixuan, Chinese monk and founder of the Linji school


text: Hungerus Frisus, bishop of Utrecht


text: Ranulf I, Frankish nobleman (b. 820)


text: Charles the Child, king of Aquitaine


text: Yahya ibn Yahya, Idrisid emir of Morocco


text: Adelaide of Tours, Frankish noblewoman


text: Wang Shaoyi, general of the Tang Dynasty


date: August

text: August – Treaty of Compiègne: King Charles the Bald cedes the Cotentin Peninsula to Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, after he had sent his son-in-law Pascweten to negotiate a peace. Charles orders the fortification of the cities of Tours, Le Mans and Compiègne.


text: Bořivoj I declares himself duke (knyaz) of Bohemia, and founds the Přemyslid Dynasty (approximate date).


text: Deira, the southernmost part of Northumbria, is conquered by the Vikings. Ivar the Boneless, one of their leaders, installs a puppet king of Northumbria, Ecgberht I.


text: The rival monarchs of Northumbria, Ælla and Osberht, join forces in an attempt to expel the Great Heathen Army, but are defeated in battle by Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan Ragnarsson. Osberht is killed in battle, while Ælla is reportedly captured, before being subject to the blood eagle: a combined method of torture and execution.


text: Vikings or "Danes" (the two terms were often used interchangeably at the time), comprising the Great Heathen Army, advance northward from bases in the Kingdom of East Anglia, into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria.


text: Surviving members of the Northumbrian royal court flee into the northernmost part of the kingdom, Bernicia.


date: September

text: September – Photius I ("the Great"), patriarch of Constantinople, is removed from office and banished. Ignatius is reinstated as patriarch by Basil I.


text: The Council of Constantinople is held (presided over by Patriarch Photius), which anathematizes the use of the Filioque clause in the Creed, and also Pope Nicholas I, for his attacks on the work of Greek missionaries in Bulgaria.


date: September 24

text: September 24 – Emperor Michael III is murdered, by order of his co-emperor Basil I. Basil becomes sole ruler (basileus) of the Byzantine Empire, and founds the Macedonian Dynasty (until 1056). Basil rebuilds the Byzantine army and navy, in an effort to restore the empire.


date: October 10

text: October 10 – Li Siyuan, emperor of Later Tang (d. 933)


text: Stephen I, patriarch of Constantinople (d. 893)


text: Kyŏn Hwŏn, king of Later Baekje (Korea) (d. 936)


text: Pribislav, prince (knyaz) of Serbia (approximate date)


text: Zhu Jin, Chinese warlord (d. 918)


text: Zhao Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 904)


date: March 21

text: March 21 – Osberht, king of Northumbria


text: March 21 – Ælla, king of Northumbria


date: November 13

text: November 13 – Nicholas I, pope of the Catholic Church


text: November 13 – Pope Nicholas I dies after a 9-year reign. He is succeeded by Adrian II (also referred to as Hadrian II), as the 106th pope of Rome.


text: Lazarus Zographos, Byzantine monk and painter


text: Muhammad ibn Abdallah, Abbasid governor


text: Louis, Frankish archchancellor and abbot


text: Fujiwara no Yoshimi, Japanese nobleman (b. 813)


text: Qarin I, ruler (spahbed) of the Bavand Dynasty


text: Auisle, Viking leader (approximate date)


text: Wasif al-Turki, Abbasid general


text: Gottschalk of Orbais, German monk and theologian


text: Cormac mac Connmhach, Irish monk and scribe


text: Donnchad mac Aedacain, king of Uisneach (Ireland)


text: The County of Portugal is established around the town of Portus Cale (present-day Porto) by Vímara Peres, an Asturian nobleman, after the reconquest from the Moors of the region north of the Douro River.


text: King Charles the Bald meets his brother Louis the German at Metz. They agree to a partition of Lotharingia, which belonged to former emperor Lothair I (now in possession of his sons Lothair II and Louis II).


text: Alfred the Great marries Ealhswith (a daughter of Æthelred, known as Mucel, an ealdorman of the Gaini). He supports his brother Æthelred I, in his choice to form an alliance with Mercia.


text: King Burgred of Mercia appeals to Æthelred I for help in resisting the Great Heathen Army. The Danes occupy Nottingham, and stay through the winter without any serious opposition.


text: Al-Andalus: The city of Mérida rises against the Umayyad rule. Emir Muhammad I regains control, and has the walls of the city destroyed. He supports the rival creation of Badajoz in retaliation.


text: Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, leads a joint campaign against the Loire Vikings. He is forced to defend southeastern Brittany unaided, and mobilizes levies raised at Poitiers to defeat the Vikings.


text: Muslim Arab forces under Muhammad II, emir of the Aghlabid Dynasty (modern Tunisia), conquer the island of Malta and raid into the mainland of Italy.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: King Áed Findliath drives the invading Danes and Norwegians out of Ireland, after defeating them at the Battle of Killineery.


date: September 15

text: September 15 – Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkish general, is sent to Egypt as governor, by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tazz. He becomes the founder of the Tulunid Dynasty (until 905), and Egypt becomes an autonomous state for the first time since the Ptolemaic Kingdom.


text: Ratramnus, a Frankish monk and abbot of Corbie Abbey, writes Contra Graecorum Opposita.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


date: May 11

text: May 11 – The earliest extant printed book, an illustrated scroll of the Diamond Sutra ("Perfection of Wisdom"), unearthed at Dunhuang (Western China), is produced.


text: Théodrate of Troyes, Frankish queen (d. 903)


text: Muhammad ibn Dawud al-Zahiri, Muslim theologian (d. 909)


text: Xu Jie, Chinese officer and chancellor (d. 943)


text: Ch'oe Ŏn-wi, Korean minister and calligrapher (d. 944)


text: Conwoïon, Breton abbot (approximate date)


text: Muzahim ibn Khaqan, Muslim governor


text: Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (b. 776)


text: Theotgaud, archbishop of Trier


text: Yang Shou, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Minamoto no Makoto, Japanese prince (b. 810)


text: Bugha al-Sharabi, Turkish military leader


text: Yu Xuanji, Chinese poet (or 869)


date: November 20

text: November 20 – Vikings conquer East Anglia, killing King Edmund the Martyr.


text: The Danes, led by Viking chieftain Ivar the Boneless, 'make peace' with the Mercians (by accepting Danegeld). Ivar leaves Nottingham on horseback, and returns to York.


text: Summer – Caliph Al-Mu'tazz is murdered by mutinous Muslim troops, after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by Al-Muhtadi (a grandson of the late Al-Mu'tasim), as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.

source_section: Events › By place › Arabian Empire


text: The Zanj Rebellion: The Zanj (black slaves from East Africa), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in salt flats, and on the sugar and cotton plantations of southwestern Persia, revolt.


text: Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor Louis II against the Saracens. He sends a Byzantine fleet of 400 ships (according to the Annales Bertiniani), under the command of Admiral Niketas Ooryphas, to support Louis (who is besieging the city port of Bari) and to clear the south of the Adriatic Sea of Muslim raiders.


text: Autumn –The Great Heathen Army, led by Ivar the Boneless and Ubba, invades the Kingdom of East Anglia and plunders Peterborough. The Vikings take up winter quarters at Thetford.


date: October 5

text: October 5 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople, called by Basil I and Pope Adrian II, opens. The council will condemn Photius I and depose him as patriarch, reinstating his predecessor Ignatios.


text: The last monument ever erected at Tikal, Stela 11, is dedicated by ruler (ajaw) Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II.

source_section: Events › By place › Mesoamerica


text: The first Gion Festival is held in order to combat an epidemic thought to be caused by an angry deity.

source_section: Events › By place › Japan


date: July 9

text: July 9 – The 869 Sanriku earthquake and associated tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu.


text: The Hagia Sophia Basilica (church) in Constantinople suffers great damage during an earthquake, which makes the eastern half-dome collapse. Basil I orders it to be repaired.


date: January 2

text: January 2 – Yōzei, emperor of Japan (d. 949)


text: Muhammad al-Mahdi, Muslim Twelver Shī‘ah Imām


text: Gung Ye, king of Hu Goguryeo (approximate date)


date: February 14

text: February 14 – Cyril, Byzantine missionary and bishop


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Lothair II, king of Lotharingia (b. 835)


text: August 8 – Lothair II, King of Middle Francia (Lotharingia), dies at Piacenza, on his way home from meeting Pope Adrian II at Rome, to get assent for a divorce. Lotharingia is subsequently divided between Lothair's uncles, Charles the Bald of France and Louis the German.


date: September 8

text: September 8 – Ahmad ibn Isra'il al-Anbari, Muslim vizier


date: September 18

text: September 18 – Wenilo, Frankish archbishop


date: October 14

text: October 14 – Pang Xun, Chinese rebel leader


text: November 20 (or 870) – Edmund the Martyr, king of East Anglia


text: Gundachar, count (or margrave) of Carinthia


text: Al-Mu'tazz, Muslim caliph (b. 847)


text: Yu Xuanji, Chinese poet (or 868)


text: Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Muslim jurist (approximate date)


text: Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (or 868)


text: Ermentrude of Orléans, queen of the Franks (b. 823)


text: Dongshan Liangjie, Chinese Buddhist teacher (b. 807)


year_label: 87 CE

text: Sextus Julius Sparsus gains power in the Roman Senate (approximate date).

source_title: AD 87

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Decebalus becomes king of Dacia.


text: The Roman Julius Maternus explores western Africa (approximate date).


text: Lyon, a city in Gaul, has a population of over 100,000 citizens (approximate date).


text: Pothinus, bishop of Lyon (approximate date)


text: Rupilia Faustina, Roman noblewoman (approximate date)


text: August 8 – Treaty of Meerssen: King Louis the German forces his half-brother Charles the Bald to accept a peace treaty, which partitions the Middle Frankish Kingdom into two larger east and west divisions. Louis receives most of Austrasia (which evolves into the Kingdom of Germany), and Charles receives territory in Lower Burgundy (which evolves into the Kingdom of France). However, large parts of the Frisian coast are under Viking control.


text: Wilfred the Hairy, a Frankish nobleman, becomes count of Urgell and Cerdanya (modern-day Catalonia).


text: Byzantine–Arab War: A Muslim expeditionary force, led by Halaf al-Hadim, Arab governor of Sicily, conquers Malta. He is welcomed by the local Christian inhabitants as liberator of the agonizing Byzantine yoke. The Muslims sign a treaty with the Christians to live in peace after liberating the island from the Byzantines.

source_section: Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate


date: December 31

text: December 31 – Battle of Englefield: The Vikings clash with ealdorman Æthelwulf of Berkshire. The invaders are driven back to Reading; many of the Danes (including one of the earls named Sidrac) are killed.


text: Autumn – The Great Heathen Army, led by Ivar the Boneless and Ubba, invades East Anglia and plunders Peterborough. King Edmund the Martyr is captured, tortured, beaten and used for archery practice (or 869).


text: The Danes, led by Halfdan Ragnarsson and Bagsecg, invade Wessex and take the royal estate at Reading (Berkshire), which Halfdan makes his headquarters. A naval Viking contingent sails up the Thames River.


text: The Zanj Rebellion: The Zanj (black slaves from East Africa) capture the Abbasid seaport of Al-Ubullah at the Persian Gulf, and cut off communications with Basra (modern Iraq).


text: The Danes, led by Ivar the Boneless and King Olaf of the Dublin Vikings, besiege Dumbarton in Scotland, the capital of King Artgal of Stratchlyde. After a siege of four months, the citadel is captured and destroyed.


date: February 28

text: February 28 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople ends. The Bulgarians are granted an autocephalous archbishopric. with its seat in the capital of Pliska.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


date: June 21

text: June 21 – Caliph Al-Muhtadi is deposed and killed by the Turks, after a brief reign. He is succeeded by Al-Mu'tamid (son of the late Al-Mutawakkil) as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate, who moves his court to Baghdad. End of the Anarchy at Samarra.


date: January 29

text: January 29 – Anarchy at Samarra: The rebel Salih ibn Wasif is hunted down and killed in Abbasid Samarra by troops of Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir.


text: Bořivoj I, duke of Bohemia, makes Levý Hradec (modern Czech Republic) his residence. Around this time Prague Castle is founded (approximate date).


text: Alexander III, Byzantine emperor (d. 913)

source_section: Births


text: Ermengol, Frankish nobleman (d. 937)


text: Theodora, Roman politician (approximate date)


text: Bernard, illegitimate son of Charles the Fat (d. 891)


text: Zhu Yanshou, Chinese governor (d. 903)


text: Ebalus, duke of Aquitaine (approximate date)


text: Lde-dpal-hkhor-btsan, Indian ruler (approximate date)


text: Pavle, prince of Serbia (approximate date)


text: Petar, prince of Serbia (approximate date)


text: Sunifred II, count of Urgell (approximate date)


text: Zwentibold, king of Lotharingia (d. 900)


text: Wang Dingbao, Chinese chancellor (d. 941)


text: Fulk I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)


text: Sunyer, count of Barcelona (approximate date)


text: January 29 – Salih ibn Wasif, Muslim general


date: February 4

text: February 4 – Ceolnoth, archbishop of Canterbury


date: April 2

text: April 2 – Æbbe the Younger, Frankish abbess


text: June 21 – Al-Muhtadi, Muslim caliph


date: September 1

text: September 1 – Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian scholar (b. 810)


text: November 20 – Edmund the Martyr, king of East Anglia (or 869)


date: December 4

text: December 4 – Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin, Irish bishop


date: December 27

text: December 27 – Aeneas of Paris, Frankish bishop


text: Ratramnus, Frankish monk and abbot (approximate date)


text: He Quanhao, general of the Tang Dynasty (b. 839)


text: Wen Tingyun, Chinese poet and lyricist (b. 812)


text: Charles the Bald marries Richilde of Provence, after the death of his first wife, Ermentrude of Orleans. He intends to secure his rule in Lotharingia through the powerful Bosonid family and the connection to Teutberga, widow-queen of Lothair II.


text: Neot, English monk and saint (approximate date)


text: Rastislav, ruler (knyaz) of Great Moravia, dies in prison after he is condemned to death for treason, by Louis the German. He is succeeded by his nephew Svatopluk I, who becomes a vassal of the East Frankish Kingdom.


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Alfred succeeds as king of Wessex after Æthelred's death. He makes peace with the Danes, and pays them Danegeld, each ruling parts of England.


text: King Rhodri Mawr ("the Great") of Gwynedd annexes Seisyllwg, uniting most of Wales under his rule (approximate date).


date: January 4

text: January 4 – Battle of Reading: A West Saxon force, under the command of King Æthelred I and his brother Alfred, is defeated by the Danes at Reading. Among the many dead on both sides is Æthelwulf. The Saxon troops are forced to retreat, allowing the Vikings to continue their advance into Wessex.


date: January 8

text: January 8 – Battle of Ashdown: The West Saxons, led by Æthelred I and Alfred, gather at the Berkshire Downs. The Danes under the command of Halfdan and Bagsecg occupy the high ground, but are successfully attacked by Alfred's men. During the battle Alfred breaches the shield wall formation.


date: January 22

text: January 22 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxon army, under the command of Æthelred I, is defeated at Basing. The Danes, led by Halfdan, are victorious; Æthelred is forced to flee and regroup, leaving behind precious winter supplies.


date: February 2

text: February 2 – Franco-Lombard forces, aided by a Croatian fleet (of Sclaveni), led by Emperor Louis II, capture Bari, capital of the Emirate of Bari in Southern Italy.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – Battle of Meretum: The West Saxons, led by Æthelred I and Alfred, are defeated by the Danes. Among the many dead is Heahmund, bishop of Salisbury.


date: May

text: May – Battle of Wilton: Alfred the Great is defeated by the Danes at Wilton (along the southern side of the River Wylye), leaving him in retreat for several years.


date: September

text: September – Battle of Basra: Zanj rebels in Mesopotamia sack and capture Basra (see Zanj Rebellion).


text: The English retreat onto the Berkshire Downs. The Great Heathen Army, led by the Danish Viking kings Halfdan and Bagsecg, march out after the Saxons. Six pitched battles are fought between the Danes and Wessex. Of two of them the place and date are not recorded, the others are:


text: The Danes sail down the River Thames, to raid the Mercian port of Lundenwic (in the London area). Here, over the winter, they divide their spoils.


text: Tønsberg, the oldest surviving town in the Nordic countries, is founded.


text: Alfred makes Winchester his residence. The Danish armies colonize areas of north, central and eastern England, which become known as the Danelaw.


text: The Cairo Genizah, a collection of Jewish manuscript fragments, is written (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Literature


text: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Madhara'i, Tulunid vizier (d. 957)


text: Wang Jianli, Chinese general (d. 940)


text: Li Qi, chancellor of Later Liang (d. 930)


text: García I, king of León (approximate date)


text: Fujiwara no Tokihira, Japanese statesman (d. 909)


text: January 4 – Æthelwulf, Saxon ealdorman


text: January 8 – Bagsecg, Viking king


text: April 23 – Æthelred I, king of Wessex


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Odo I, Frankish nobleman


text: Engelschalk I, Frankish margrave


text: Solomon I, bishop of Constance


text: Fadl Ashsha'ira, Abbasid female poet


text: Uathmharan mac Brocan, king of Aidhne (Ireland)


text: Ailill mac Dúnlainge, king of Leinster


text: Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi, Muslim Sufi (b. 830)


text: Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Muslim historian (b. 803)


text: Cathalán mac Indrechtaig, king of Ulaid


text: Sancho III Mitarra (or Menditarra) becomes the founder and first 'king' of the independent Duchy of Gascony, with loose ties to the Frankish Kingdom.


date: May 18

text: May 18 – After his successful campaign against the Saracens, Louis II is crowned as Roman Emperor ("Emperor of the Franks") for the second time and converts the Muwalladun, and the Arab elite.


date: July 18

text: 18 July (traditional date) – Battle of Hafrsfjord: Norse chieftain Harald Fairhair wins a great naval victory at Hafrsfjord, outside Stavanger. He becomes (at age 18) the first king of Norway. Harald's conquests and taxation system lead many Viking chiefs and their followers to emigrate to the British Isles, and (later) to Iceland.


text: The Zanj Rebellion: The Zanj (black slaves from East Africa) defeat the Abbasid forces, led by caliphal regent Al-Muwaffaq (brother of caliph Al-Mu'tamid). Hostilities in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) will preoccupy Al-Muwaffaq, and the Zanj will remain on the offensive over the next several years.


text: King Artgal of Strathclyde is slain, through the connivance of King Constantine I of Alba (modern Scotland) and his Viking allies. Artgal's son, Run, succeeds to the Strathclyde throne.

source_section: Events › By place › Britain


text: Autumn – The Great Heathen Army returns to Northumbria, to put down a rebellion at York. King Ecgberht I and his archbishop, Wulfhere, are expelled by the Northumbrians and flee to Mercia.


text: The Danes, led by Halfdan and Guthrum, establish a winter quarter at Torksey in the Kingdom of Lindsey (now part of Lincolnshire). King Burgred pays tribute (Danegeld) in return for 'peace'.


text: In Egypt, the first hospital (bimaristan) is built in Cairo by the Abbasid governor, Ahmad ibn Tulun. Physician licensure becomes mandatory in the Abbasid Caliphate.


text: Huo Yanwei, Chinese general (d. 928)


text: Ki no Tsurayuki, Japanese writer and poet (d. 945)


text: Pietro II Candiano, doge of Venice (approximate date)


text: Al-Farabi, Muslim philosopher (approximate date)


text: Abaoji, ruler (khagan) of the Khitan Empire (d. 926)


text: Ibn Durustawayh, Persian grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith (d. 958)


text: April 2 – Muflih al-Turki, Abbasid general


date: December 14

text: December 14 – Pope Adrian II dies (at age 80), after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by John VIII, as the 107th pope of Rome.


text: December 14 – Adrian II, pope of Rome (b. 792)


text: Sargis, patriarch of the Church of the East


text: Athanasius I, bishop of Naples (b. 830)


text: Ivar the Boneless, Viking chief (approximate date)


text: Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani, Muslim hadith scholar


text: Zhang Yichao, general of the Tang Dynasty (b. 785)


text: Chrysocheir, leader of the Paulicians (or 878)


text: Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, Japanese regent (sesshō), dies at his native Kyoto, having ruled since 858. He is succeeded as head of the Fujiwara clan by his son Fujiwara no Mototsune.


text: Cenn Fáelad hua Mugthigirn, king of Munster (Ireland)


text: Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, Japanese regent (b. 804)


text: Artgal, king of Strathclyde (Scotland)


text: The Danish Great Heathen Army, led by the Viking leaders Halfdan and Guthrum, attack Mercia and capture the royal centre at Repton (Derbyshire). The Vikings establish an encampment with a U-shape ditch, on the south bank of the River Trent and spend the winter there.


text: Al-Andalus: The city of Toledo (modern Spain) rises up for a second time against Umayyad rule, due to ethnic tensions over two years.


text: Muhammad ibn Tahir, Muslim governor of Khorasan, is overthrown by the Saffarids, led by Ya'qub ibn al-Layth, who conquer the capital, Nishapur. Khorasan is annexed to their own empire in eastern Persia. The Tahirid Dynasty falls.


text: Azugitin, Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tamid appointed Azugitin as governor of Mosul with deputies.


text: Carloman, son of King Charles the Bald, is hauled before a secular court and condemned to death – for plotting against his father. He is blinded, but avoids imprisonment by escaping to the East Frankish Kingdom, where his uncle, Louis the German, gives him protection.


text: Muhammad ibn Ali al-Armani, was killed at the Caliphate - Byzantine border in 873.


text: Al-Tabarani, Muslim hadith scholar (d. 970)


text: Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, was the founder of the Isma'ili Fatimid Empire, the only major Shi'a caliphate in the 10th century history, and the eleventh Imam of the Isma'ili faith (d. 934)


text: Abu Yazid, Kharijite Berber leader (d. 947)


text: Ordoño II, king of Galicia and León (d. 924)


text: Ahmad al-Muhajir, Muslim imam (d. 956)


text: Fujiwara no Sadakata, Japanese poet (d. 932)


date: July 8

text: July 8 – Gunther, archbishop of Cologne


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Thachulf, duke of Thuringia


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Yi Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 833)


text: August 15 – Emperor Yi Zong (Li Cuī) dies after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son Xi Zong, as ruler of the Tang Dynasty. During his reign, a widespread failure of the agricultural harvest leads to famine (which causes people to resort to cannibalism) and agrarian rebellions.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: Kang Chengxun, general of the Tang Dynasty


text: John III, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch


text: Du Cong, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 794)


text: Hunayn ibn Ishaq, Muslim scholar and physician (b. 809)


text: Wei Baoheng, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty


text: Vímara Peres, Asturian nobleman


text: Lethlobar mac Loingsig, king of Ulaid (Ireland)


text: Ecgberht I, king of Northumbria


text: Rodulf Haraldsson, Viking leader


text: Al-Kindi, Muslim philosopher and polymath


text: Svatopluk I, ruler (knyaz) of Great Moravia, concludes a peace treaty at Forchheim (Northern Bavaria). He is able to expand his territories outside the Frankish sphere, and subjugates the Vistulans.


text: Huang Chao, a salt privateer, joins forces with Wang Xianzhi to raise a rebel army at Changyuan (modern Xinxiang). The uprising further weakens the Tang dynasty, which is already weakened by natural disasters such as severe droughts and floods.


text: Autumn – The Great Heathen Army splits into two bands; Halfdan returns with his forces to Northumbria, along with his brother Ubba, where he establishes a new base on the River Tyne.


text: The Danish Vikings (from their base at Repton) drive King Burgred of Mercia into exile, and sack Tamworth. They conquer his kingdom and install his political opponent, Ceolwulf II, as sub-king.


text: Ingólfr Arnarson arrives from Norway, as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland. He builds his homestead and founds Reykjavík. The settlement of Iceland begins (approximate date).


date: March 13

text: March 13 – The remains of Saint Nikephorus I are interred in the Church of the Holy Apostles, in Constantinople.


text: Muhammad al-Mahdi, the child of the eleventh Shi'i Twelver Imam Hasan al-Askari, begins his Imamate. His first period of occultation, known as the Minor Occultation, also begins (ends 941 CE).


text: The monastery of Sevanavank, located on the shore of Lake Sevan (Armenia), is founded.


text: Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, is murdered by a faction which includes his son-in-law Pascweten and Gurvand, son-in-law of late ruler Erispoe. After Salomon's death they divide the country, and Pascweten and Gurvand co-rule Brittany.


text: Amlaíb Conung, the first Norse 'king' of Dublin, is killed in Scotland, during a campaign against his rival Constantin I (approximate date).


date: November

text: November – Frost begins in Scotland, and lasts until April 875.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Meng Zhixiang, general of Later Tang (d. 934)


text: Lothar II, Frankish nobleman (d. 929)


text: Ota, Frankish queen and Holy Roman Empress (approximate date)


text: Constantine II, king of Scotland (approximate date)


text: Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, Muslim scholar (d. 936)


text: Wang Shifan, Chinese warlord (d. 908)


text: Edward the Elder, king of Wessex (approximate date)


text: Liu Yin, governor (jiedushi) of Southern Han (d. 911)


date: January 4

text: January 4 – Hasan al-Askari, 11th Shia Imam (b. 846)


text: August 15 – Altfrid, bishop of Hildesheim


date: December 16

text: December 16 – Ado, archbishop of Vienne


text: Bayazid Bastami, Persian Sufi (approximate date)


text: Han Yunzhong, general of the Tang dynasty (b. 814)


text: Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany


text: Lu Yan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 829)


text: Liu Zhan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty


text: Unruoch III, margrave of Friuli


text: Pei Tan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty


text: Amlaíb Conung, Viking leader (approximate date)


text: King Harald Fairhair of Norway subdues the rovers on the Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands, and adds them to his kingdom (approximate date).


date: June

text: June – The Great Heathen Army, led by Guthrum, moves on Cambridge. He later returns to Wessex, to establish a winter quarter. King Alfred the Great fights the Danes in a naval engagement.


text: Danish Vikings, probably led by Halfdan Ragnarsson, invade Dublin. During the fighting, Eystein Olafsson, king of Dublin, is killed.


text: Battle of Dollar: Invading Danish Vikings defeat the Scots and the Picts, under King Constantine I, at Dollar. They occupy Caithness, Sutherland, Ross and Moray, far to the north.


text: King Jayavarman III founds a new dynasty at Indrapura (Quảng Nam) in Champa, in the central region of modern-day Vietnam. He initiates a building program in the Dong Duong Style.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: The Samanid Dynasty establishes a court at Bukhara (modern Uzbekistan), which becomes a rival city to Baghdad on the strategic Silk Road.


text: Fall – An Arab fleet from Taranto sails up the Adriatic Sea and sacks Comacchio, putting it to flames. They attack Grado (bishopric of the Venetian Republic), but are repelled by the Venetians.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – King Charles the Bald, supported by Pope John VIII, travels to Italy. He receives the Imperial Regalia at Pavia, and is crowned Holy Roman Emperor as Charles II at Rome.


text: Bretons begin to flee the land, seeking the relative security of Britain. Vikings loot the Abbey of Saint-Melaine at Rennes (approximate date).


text: The construction of the Great Mosque of Kairouan is completed by Ibrahim II. He builds another three bays, reducing the size of the courtyard.


text: Donyarth, the last recorded king of Cornwall, drowns in what is thought to be the River Fowey.


text: Louis the Stammerer, son of Charles the Bald, marries for the second time Adelaide of Paris, after divorcing Ansgarde of Burgundy, with whom he is secretly married.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – William I, duke of Aquitaine (d. 918)


text: Sale Ngahkwe, king of Burma (approximate date)


text: Spytihněv I, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)


text: Ermentrude, Frankish princess, daughter of Louis the Stammerer (or 878)


text: Sueiro Belfaguer, Portuguese nobleman (d. 925)


text: Lady Ise, Japanese poet (approximate date)


text: Fruela II, king of Asturias and León (approximate date)


text: Mary the Younger, Byzantine saint (d. 902)


text: Gerhard I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)


text: Adalbert II, Frankish margrave (approximate date)


text: Fujiwara no Nakahira, Japanese statesman (d. 945)


date: August 12

text: August 12 – Emperor Louis II dies in Brescia, after having named his cousin Carloman, son of King Louis the German, as his successor. Louis is buried in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan.


text: August 12 – Louis II, king of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 825)


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Remigius of Lyon, Frankish archbishop


date: November 11

text: November 11 – Teutberga, queen of Lotharingia


text: 'Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Marwazi, Persian official


text: Martianus Hiberniensis, Irish monk and calligrapher (b. 819)


text: Donyarth, king of Cornwall (approximate date)


text: Eystein Olafsson, Norse–Gael king of Dublin


text: Muhammad II, emir of the Aghlabids, dies and is succeeded by his brother Ibrahim II. Towards the end of his reign, a caravan of pilgrims from Mecca introduces the plague in Ifriqiya (Tunisia).


text: Gyeongmun, king of Silla (Korea) (b. 841)


text: Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Persian scholar


text: Amram Gaon, Jewish liturgist (approximate date)


text: Xiao Fang, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 796)


text: Muhammad II, emir of the Aghlabids


text: At the invitation of Benevento, the newly-restored Byzantine fleet appears in the waters off Otranto. On the orders of Emperor Basil I, the Byzantines sail up the Adriatic Sea and reconquer part of southern Italy. The city of Bari is occupied in the name of the Byzantine Empire. Instead of holding it for his 'ally' Adelchis of Benevento, Basil makes it the capital of the new Byzantine Theme of Longobardia.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: Viking leader Halfdan Ragnarsson formally establishes the Danish kingdom of York, after the removal of the puppet king Ricsige of Northumbria, and becomes the first monarch.


text: Emperor Seiwa abdicates the throne, in favor of his 7-year-old son Yōzei. Seiwa becomes a Buddhist priest; he appoints Fujiwara no Mototsune as regent (sesshō), who assists the child emperor.


date: April 8

text: April 8 – Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul: Abbasid forces, led by Al-Muwaffaq, halt a Saffarid invasion on the River Tigris. Emir Ya'qub ibn al-Layth tries to capture the Abbasid Caliphate's capital of Baghdad, but he is forced, with his army, to retreat.


date: October 8

text: October 8 – Battle of Andernach: Frankish forces, led by Louis the Younger, prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat Charles II at Andernach. The Rhineland remains part of the East Frankish Kingdom.


text: The Great Heathen Army, led by Guthrum, captures the fortress of Wareham (Dorset), and is met by a Viking army (3,500 men) from the sea, which lands at Poole Harbour. King Alfred the Great traps the Vikings, and demands hostages in return for a peace agreement. The Danes divide their forces; half flees to Exeter, where they besiege the town while the other half escape in their ships, but are lost in a storm near Swanage.


text: John VIII travels throughout Campania, in an effort to form an alliance among the southern Italian states (the cities of Salerno, Capua, Naples, Gaeta and Amalfi) against Muslim raids.


text: June – Synod of Ponthion: Charles II summons a council, in which a papal brief is read from Pope John VIII. He appoints Ansegisus as papal legate and primate over Gaul, in the West Frankish Kingdom.


text: Lu Wenji, Chinese chancellor (d. 951)


text: Henry the Fowler, king of Germany (d. 936)


text: Toda, queen of Pamplona (d. 958)


text: Eutychius, patriarch of Alexandria (d. 940)


text: John of Rila, Bulgarian hermit (approximate date)


date: January 31

text: January 31 – Hemma of Altdorf, Frankish queen


date: August 28

text: August 28 – Louis the German, king of the East Frankish Kingdom


text: August 28 – King Louis the German dies at Frankfurt, while preparing for war against his brother Charles II ("the Bald"), ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The East Frankish Kingdom is divided among his three sons: Carloman receives Bavaria and styles himself "King of Bavaria". Louis the Younger receives Saxony (with Franconia and Thuringia), and Charles the Fat receives Swabia (with Raetia).


text: Bagrat I, prince of Iberia (Georgia)


text: Hessel Hermana, Frisian governor (approximate date)


text: Pyinbya, king of Burma (b. 817)


text: Domagoj, duke (knyaz) of Croatia


text: Pascweten, duke ('king') of Brittany


text: Heiric of Auxerre, Frankish theologian and writer (b. 841)


text: Donatus of Fiesole, Irish bishop


text: Gurvand, duke ('king') of Brittany