text: February 3 – King Sweyn Forkbeard dies at Gainsborough after a reign of five weeks. He is succeeded by Harald II who becomes king of Denmark, while Cnut is elected by the Vikings of the Danelaw as king of England.


date: February 9

section: Deaths

text: February 9 – Yang Yanzhao, general of the Song dynasty

source_section: Deaths


date: May 7

text: May 7 – Bagrat III, king of Abkhazia (Georgia)


date: June 25

text: June 25 – Æthelstan Ætheling, son of Æthelred the Unready


date: July 29

text: July 29 – Battle of Kleidion: Basil II defeats the Bulgarian forces, between the mountains of Belasitsa and Ograzhden, near the town of Kleidon. By order of Basil, almost 15,000 prisoners are blinded; Tsar Samuel survives the battle, but dies of shock. Basil earns the nickname "Bulgar-Slayer".

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


date: August

text: August – Pandulf II ("the Old"), prince of Benevento and Capua


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Samuel, emperor (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire


date: November 11

text: November 11 – Werner, margrave of the North March


date: November 26

text: November 26 – Swanehilde, German noblewoman


text: Al-Hakim Nishapuri, Persian Sunni scholar (b. 933)


text: Giselbert I, count of Roussillon (Spain) (or 1013)


text: Raja Raja Chola I, king of the Chola dynasty. (India)


text: Sigurd the Stout, Viking nobleman (earl)


section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: Olaf Haraldsson declares himself King of Norway.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


section: Conflict & Security

text: Emperor Henry II launches a German expedition against Duke Bolesław I the Brave. He invades Poland, but is stopped by Bolesław's forces at Krosno, on the Oder River.


text: Earl Eric Haakonsson outlaws berserkers in Norway.


text: Summer – King Cnut the Great of Denmark launches an invasion of Mercia and Northumbria in England.


date: October

section: Health & Medicine

text: October – Influential Japanese statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga is appointed to be Associate Regent.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


date: November

section: Disasters & Accidents

text: November – The newly constructed Japanese imperial residence burns down.


section: Culture & Society

text: Peacocks arrive from the Chinese Song Empire to Fujiwara's mansion in Japan.


section: Births

text: John Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat (d. 1067)

source_section: Births


text: Altmann, bishop of Passau (approximate date)


text: Herman IV, duke of Swabia (approximate date)


text: Ermesinda of Bigorre, queen of Aragon (d. 1049)


text: Otto II, margrave of Montferrat (approximate date)


text: Frozza Orseolo, margravine of Austria (d. 1071)


text: Andrew I ("the Catholic"), king of Hungary (d. 1060)


text: Michael V Kalaphates, Byzantine emperor (d. 1042)


text: Ferdinand I, king of León and Castile (d. 1065)


text: Harald Hardrada, king of Norway (d. 1066)


text: Robert Guiscard, Norman nobleman (d. 1085)


text: Eustace II, count of Boulogne (approximate date)


text: Roger de Beaumont, Norman nobleman (d. 1094)


date: February 5

text: February 5 – Adelaide, German abbess and saint


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Gilbert of Meaux, French bishop


date: July 15

text: July 15 – Vladimir the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev


text: July 15 – Vladimir the Great dies at Berestove after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Sviatopolk I as Grand Prince of Kiev.


date: September 1

text: September 1 – Gero II, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Lambert I, count of Louvain (b. 950)


date: December 14

text: December 14 – Arduin of Ivrea, king of Italy (b. 955)


date: December 20

text: December 20 – Eido I, bishop of Meissen (b. 955)


text: Gavril Radomir, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria


text: Morcar (or Morkere), English minister (thegn)


text: Owain ap Dyfnwal, king of Strathclyde (Scotland)


text: Al-Sharif al-Radi, Persian Shi'ite scholar (b. 970)


text: Æthelmær the Stout, English ealdorman


text: Ibn Furak, Muslim imam and theologian (b. 941)


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Emperor Sanjō of Japan abdicates the throne after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old cousin Go-Ichijō as the 68th emperor of Japan. Fujiwara no Michinaga is appointed regent.


date: January 7

text: January 7 – Fath al-Qal'i, governor of the Citadel of Aleppo, revolts against Emir Mansur ibn Lu'lu', forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with Salih ibn Mirdas and takes control of Aleppo.

source_section: Events › By place › Arabian Empire


date: March 25

text: March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious over former co-regent Sweyn Haakonsson, confirming his status as king of Norway.


date: July 6

text: July 6 – Battle of Pontlevoy: French forces of Fulk III and Herbert I defeat Odo II which determines the balance of power in the Loire Valley.


date: October 18

text: October 18 – Battle of Assandun: Cnut defeats Edmund Ironside, leaving the latter as king of Wessex.


text: Georgius Tzul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine Empire–Kievan Rus' force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence.


text: The Pisan and the Genoese republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of Sardinia, in particular Porto Torres, and defeat the fleet of the taifa king of Dénia, Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī.


text: Melus of Bari makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held Southern Italy. To support his cause, he hires Norman mercenaries, unwittingly triggering the rise of Norman rule over southern Italy.


text: Summer – Battle of Brentford (near London): Edmund Ironside defeats the Danes under King Cnut.


text: Japanese poet Koshikibu no Naishi (lady-in-waiting to Dowager Empress Shōshi) and her husband Fujiwara no Kiminari (son of Michinaga) have a son, but the couple is not accepted because of the social gap between them.


date: April 3

text: April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)


date: June 9

text: June 9 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1034)


date: July 25

text: July 25 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)


date: August 24

text: August 24 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress (d. 1039)


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)


text: Cao, empress and regent of Song dynasty China (d. 1079)


text: Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II of England (d. 1057)


text: Minamoto no Tsunenobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1097)


text: Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)


text: Không Lộ, Vietnamese Zen master (approximate date)


text: Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1106)


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England, dies after a 38-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edmund II "Ironside".


text: April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England


date: May 22

text: May 22 – Jovan Vladimir, Serbian prince (b. 990)


text: October 18 – Eadnoth the Younger, bishop of Dorchester in England


text: October 18 – Ælfric of Hampshire, English nobleman


text: October 18 – Ulfcytel Snillingr, English nobleman


date: November 30

text: November 30 – Edmund II "Ironside", king of England


text: Uhtred the Bold, English nobleman


text: Liu Chenggui, official of Song dynasty China (b. 951)


text: Henry II "the Good", count of Stade (b. 946)


text: Simeon of Mantua, Armenian Benedictine monk


text: Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, caliph of Córdoba


text: Badis ibn Mansur, Muslim emir of the Zirid dynasty


text: Wulfgar of Abingdon, English abbot


date: March

text: March – Fujiwara no Michinaga passes the title of regent of Japan (Sesshō) to his eldest son Fujiwara no Yorimichi.

source_section: Events › Asia


text: Rajendra I, ruler of the Chola dynasty (in modern India), conquers Sri Lanka and annexes the island.


text: Summer – Melus of Bari, a Lombard nobleman, revolts and is supported by Norman mercenaries at Capua. He marches into Apulia to catch the Byzantine army off-guard. Melus defeats the Byzantines on the banks of the Fortore River and ravages the territory in Apulia.

source_section: Events › Europe


text: Winter – Emperor Basil II ("the Bulgar Slayer") replaces Leo Tornikios with the new catapan Basil Boioannes and sends him reinforcements (including a detachment of the elite Varangian Guard) from Constantinople.


text: The Sunnis of Kairouan (modern Tunisia) revolt against the Shi'ite Zirid dynasty. The city is quickly retaken and sacked.

source_section: Events › Africa


section: Religion & Belief

text: Construction of Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv is started (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: Cnut divides England into four earldoms: Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and Northumbria.

source_section: Events › England


text: Summer – Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad publicly declares the founding of the Druze religion, during the reign of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.

source_section: Events › Arabian Empire


text: Prince Atsuakira of Japan, eldest son of ex-Emperor Sanjō, having been struck by a skin disease and under intense pressure from Michinaga, resigns the title of Crown Prince in favour of his younger brother, Prince Atsunaga who marries Fujiwara no Kanshi, daughter of Michinaga.


text: Michinaga makes a pilgrimage to the Iwashimizu Shrine in Japan accompanied by many courtiers. The travelers divide themselves amongst 15 boats for a floating trip down the Yotogawa River. One of the vessels overturns and more than 30 people lose their lives.


date: January 6

text: January 6 – Cnut ("the Great") is crowned king of England. In July he marries Emma of Normandy, the widow of Æthelred the Unready, securing his ties with Normandy.


date: December 24

text: December 24 – Michinaga is granted the honorary title Daijō-daijin of Japan.


text: October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)


text: Ahimaaz ben Paltiel, Italian-Jewish liturgical poet (d. 1060)


text: Zhou Dunyi, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (d. 1073)


text: Floris I, count of Friesland west of the Vlie (approximate date)


text: Ramanuja, Indian Sri Vaishnavism philosopher (d. 1137)


text: Bermudo III (or Vermudo), king of León (approximate date)


text: Vikramabahu (Kassapa VI), king of Sri Lanka (d. 1041)


date: February 5

text: February 5 – Sancho García, count of Castile


date: June 5

text: June 5 – Sanjō, ex-emperor of Japan (b. 976)


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Leo Passianos, Byzantine general


text: July 6 – Genshin, Japanese Tendai scholar (b. 942)


date: September 18

text: September 18 – Henry of Schweinfurt, German nobleman


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Wang Dan, Chinese Grand Chancellor


text: Ramon Borrell, count of Barcelona (b. 972)


text: Judith of Brittany, duchess of Normandy (b. 982)


text: Emnilda, duchess consort of Poland


text: Ma'mun II, Ma'munid ruler of Khwarezm


text: Eadwig Ætheling, son of Æthelred II


text: Eadric Streona, ealdorman of Mercia


text: Fujiwara no Junshi, Japanese empress (b. 957)


text: Elvira of Castile, queen consort of León


date: January 30

text: January 30 – The Peace of Bautzen: Emperor Henry II signs a peace treaty with Bolesław I the Brave, Duke of Poland, ending the German–Polish War. Poland keeps Lusatia – the Holy Roman Empire keeps Bohemia. With this peace agreement, Bolesław redirects his forces on an offensive against the Kievan Rus'.


date: July 22

text: July 22–23 – Battle of the River Bug: Polish forces under Bolesław I defeat Yaroslav the Wise near the River Bug. Yaroslav retreats to Novgorod, abandoning Kiev.


date: July 29

text: July 29 – Battle of Vlaardingen: Henry II sends an army towards Holland to subdue the rebellious Count Dirk III. The Imperial forces are defeated near Vlaardingen.


date: August 14

text: August 14 – Bolesław I accepts the surrender of Kiev by the Pechenegs. He reinstates Sviatopolk I as Grand Prince of Kiev.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Battle of Carham: King Malcolm II of Scotland and Owain Foel ("the Bald") of Strathclyde are victorious over either Uhtred the Bold or Eadwulf Cudel, rulers of Bamburgh. The battle confirms Scottish dominance over Lothian.


date: October

text: October – Battle of Cannae: The Lombard adventurer Melus of Bari and his Norman mercenaries are decisively defeated by the Byzantine army, led by the Catepan Basil Boioannes.


date: December

text: December – Goryeo–Khitan War: Khitan forces of the Liao dynasty invade Goryeo (North Korea). Goryeo forces led by General Kang Kam-ch'an annihilates the Khitan army at Kusong.


section: Exploration & Expansion

text: Egyptian military commander Sa'id ibn Isa ibn Nasturus appointed Vizier of Egypt.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: Buckfast Abbey (located near Buckfastleigh) is founded as a Benedictine monastery in England.


date: August 15

section: Crime & Justice

text: August 15 – Ivats, Bulgarian nobleman and rebel leader, is treacherously blinded and captured by strategos Eustathios Daphnomeles, ending the last resistance to the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria by Basil II.


date: January 22

text: January 22 – Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan celebrates his coming-of-age ceremony; he is aged 9 at this time.


date: November 26

text: November 26 – 19-year-old Fujiwara no Ishi marries her nephew Go-Ichijō, becoming Empress of Japan (Chugu), the third in succession of the daughters of influential court official Fujiwara no Michinaga to become Empress. Michinaga, who sent her to court in March, holds a banquet in celebration.


text: Cnut ("the Great"), King of England, travels to Denmark to succeed his brother Harald II on the Danish throne.


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Nizam al-Mulk, Persian scholar and vizier (d. 1092)


date: August 31

text: August 31 – Jeongjong II, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1046)


text: Abul Hasan Hankari, Abbasid scholar and jurist (d. 1093)


text: Michael Psellos, Byzantine monk and philosopher (approximate date)


text: Richilde, countess and regent of Flanders (d. 1086)


text: Harthacnut (or Cnut III), king of Denmark (d. 1042)


text: Victor II, pope of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1057)


text: Bagrat IV, Georgian king of the Bagrationi dynasty (d. 1072)


text: Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundy (d. 1076)


date: February 24

text: February 24 – Borrell, bishop of Vic (Spain)


date: February 25

text: February 25 – Arnulf II, archbishop of Milan


date: March 22

text: March 22 – Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir, caliph of Córdoba


date: June 23

text: June 23 – Henry I ("the Strong"), margrave of Austria


date: July 7

text: July 7 – Gerberga of Burgundy, duchess of Swabia


date: September 25

text: September 25 – Berthold of Toul, German bishop


text: October 1 – Gilbert Buatère, Norman nobleman


date: December 1

text: December 1 – Thietmar, bishop of Merseburg (b. 975)


text: Harald II, king and regent of Denmark


text: Frederick, German nobleman (b. 974)


text: Aldhun, bishop of Lindisfarne (or 1019)


text: Ivan Vladislav, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria


text: Dragomir, ruler of Travunia and Zachlumia


text: Aeddan ap Blegywryd, king of Gwynedd


text: Japanese statesman and regent Fujiwara no Michinaga retires from public life, installing his son Yorimichi as regent. Michinaga, however, continues to direct affairs of state from his retirement, and remains the de facto ruler of Japan, until his death in 1028.


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Battle of Gwiju: Korean forces, led by General Kang Kam-ch'an, gain a decisive victory over the Khitan Liao Dynasty at modern-day Kusong, ending the Third Goryeo-Khitan War.


text: The Azdâji conquest puts an end to the Kingdom of Nekor, in Morocco.


text: Toi invasion: Jurchen pirates, from the Khitan Liao Dynasty in modern-day Manchuria, sail with about 50 ships to invade Kyūshū in Japan. They assault the islands Tsushima and Iki. In April the pirates raid Matsuura but are defeated by the Japanese army.


date: November 17

text: November 17 – Sima Guang, Chinese politician and writer (d. 1086)


date: December 29

text: December 29 – Munjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1083)


text: Zeng Gong, Chinese scholar and historian (d. 1083)


text: Śrīpati, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1066)


text: Wang Gui, Chinese official and chancellor (d. 1085)


text: Gundekar II (or Gunzo), bishop of Eichstätt (d. 1075)


text: Wen Tong, Chinese painter and calligrapher (d. 1079)


text: Mauger (or Malger), archbishop of Rouen (d. 1055)


text: Abe no Sadato, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1062)


text: Yūsuf Balasaguni, Karakhanid statesman (d. 1085)


text: Dominic de la Calzada, Spanish priest and saint (d. 1109)


text: Sweyn II (Estridsson), king of Denmark (approximate date)


date: June 28

text: June 28 – Heimerad (or Heimo), German priest and saint


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Frederick of Luxembourg, count of Moselgau (b. 965)


text: Sviatopolk I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 980)


text: Sergius II (the Studite), patriarch of Constantinople


text: Sviatopolk I dies, and is succeeded by his brother Yaroslav I (the Wise). He becomes the Grand Prince of Kiev with the support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian (Viking) mercenaries. Yaroslav consolidates the Kievan state, through both cultural and administrative improvements, and military campaigns.


text: Aldhun (or Ealdhun), bishop of Lindisfarne (or 1018)


text: Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus and Lucius Licinius Sura become Roman consuls.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Emperor Trajan returns to Rome after a successful campaign against Dacia, through which he reestablishes clear Roman sovereignty over King Decebalus.


text: The port of Portus is enlarged.


text: Trajan divides Pannonia into two provinces, sometime between this year and 107.


section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: Planning and surveying for the port of Ostia is undertaken.


text: Clement I, bishop of Rome (approximate date according to Roman Catholic tradition)


text: Having organised the territories of the Tarim Basin, Chinese General Ban Chao retires to Luoyang and dies shortly thereafter.


text: Yin, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty


text: Ban Chao, Chinese general of the Han dynasty (b. AD 32)


text: King Canute the Great codifies the laws of England (approximate date).

source_section: Events


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Byzantine troops under Catepan Basil Boioannes (supported by his ally Prince Pandulf IV) capture the fortress of Troia.


text: Summer – Emperor Henry II conducts his third Italian military campaign. He makes plans to invade the south, but remains non-committal.


text: King Gagik I of Armenia is succeeded by Hovhannes-Smbat III.


text: The French city of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is founded by King Robert II (the Pious).


text: Stephen IX, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)


text: Su Song, Chinese statesman and scientist (d. 1101)


text: Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavaria (approximate date)


text: Zhang Zai, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (d. 1077)


text: Conrad I (or Cuno), duke of Bavaria (approximate date)


text: Almodis de la Marche, French noblewoman (d. 1071)


text: William of Poitiers, French priest and writer (d. 1090)


text: Guo Xi, Chinese landscape painter (approximate date)


text: Bernard of Menthon, French priest and saint (d. 1081)


text: Wulfhild of Norway, duchess consort of Saxony (d. 1071)


text: William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (approximate date)


text: Beatrice of Bar, French duchess and regent (d. 1076)


text: William Busac, English nobleman (jure uxoris) (d. 1076)


text: William I (the Great), count of Burgundy (d. 1087)


date: June 12

text: June 12 – Lyfing, archbishop of Canterbury


text: June 15 – Dattus (or Datto), Lombard rebel leader


date: August 16

text: August 16 – Zhou Huaizheng, Chinese eunuch


text: Leif Ericson, Norse Viking explorer (approximate date)


text: Bernard I (Taillefer), Spanish nobleman


text: Ferdowsi, Persian poet and author (b. 940)


text: Gagik I, king of Bagratid Armenia (approximate date)


text: Gojslav, king of Croatia (approximate date)


text: Radim Gaudentius, Polish archbishop (b. 970)


text: Al-Sijzi, Persian mathematician (approximate date)


text: Al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad, Muslim imam (b. 944)


text: Bouchard II (the Bearded), French nobleman (b. 975)


text: Trdat the Architect, Armenian chief architect


text: Einar Sigurdsson, Norse Viking nobleman


text: Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur, a grandson of the prominent Andalusian figure Almanzor begins his rule in Taifa of Valencia, a Moorish kingdom in Al-Andalus (modern Spain), ushering in a period of relative stability and prosperity that will last until 1061. Taifa of Valencia gained its independence from the Caliphate of Córdoba in 1010.


date: November

text: November – Emperor Henry II conducts his fourth Italian military campaign. He crosses the Brenner Pass with a 60,000-strong army, and reaches Verona, where he receives Lombard levies. Henry proceeds to Mantua and then into Ravenna, to spend Christmas there.


text: Emperor Rajendra Chola I extends his influence of the Chola Empire to the banks of the Ganges River (North India) and invades Bengal.


text: Battle of Shirimni, the Byzantine Empire under Basil II defeats the Kingdom of Georgia under Giorgi I at Shirimni, at the Lake Palakazio, modern Lake Çıldır, Turkey


text: Hovhannes-Smbat III, King of the Armenian kingdom of Ani, is attacked by his younger brother Ashot IV, and loses much power to him, becoming concurrent king of outlying territories.


text: Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni appoints Malik Ayaz to the throne, making Lahore (modern Pakistan) the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire.


text: Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni, Armenian king of Vaspurakan, surrenders his kingdom to the Byzantine Empire. In return, he receives Sebasteia and becomes governor of Cappadocia.


text: The last evidence of indigenous Christian and non-Arabophone culture in Tripolitania (modern Libya) is seen.


text: Vikings known to be residing L'Anse aux Meadows on Newfoundland (island).

source_section: Events › By place › North America


date: February 13

text: February 13 – On one of his habitual night rides in the outskirts of Cairo, the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah disappears, most likely assassinated by disaffected palace factions, apparently involving his sister, Sitt al-Mulk.


text: The Chinese capital city of Kaifeng has some half a million residents by this year. Including all those present in the nine designated suburbs, the population is over a million people.


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Wang Anshi, Chinese chancellor (d. 1086)


text: Eudokia Makrembolitissa, Byzantine empress (d. 1096)


text: Wugunai, Chinese chieftain of the Wanyan tribe (d. 1074)


text: Fujiwara no Kanshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1102)


text: February 13 – Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 985)


date: March 5

text: March 5 – Arnulf, French archbishop and illegitimate son of Lothair III


date: March 16

text: March 16 – Heribert, archbishop of Cologne (b. c. 970)


date: March 26

text: March 26 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of al-Hakim, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah. On the same day, al-Hakim's designated heir, Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas, is arrested in Damascus and brought to Egypt.


date: July 7

text: July 7 – Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (b. 944)


date: August 17

text: August 17 – Erkanbald, German abbot and archbishop


date: August 29

text: August 29 – Minamoto no Yorimitsu, Japanese nobleman (b. 948)


text: Hamza ibn 'Ali ibn-Ahmad, founding leader of the Druze


text: Shams al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Hamadan (Iran)


text: Mac Cú Ceanain, king of Uí Díarmata (Ireland)


text: Liu Mei, Chinese official and general (approximate date)


text: Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani, Fatimid scholar and philosopher


text: Trilochanapala, king of the Kabul Shani dynasty


text: Fujiwara no Yoshikane, Japanese nobleman (b. 957)


text: The 14-year-old Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, with support of the Zirid nobles, takes over the government and (as a minor) ascends to the throne in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia).


text: Summer – Nikephoros Phokas Barytrachelos conspires with the Byzantine general Nikephoros Xiphias against Basil II. The rebellion collapses and Xiphias assassinates Phokas.


text: Spring – Emperor Henry II divides his army into three columns and descends through Rome onto Capua after the Lombard states of Southern Italy had switched their allegiance to the Byzantinians in the wake of the battle of Cannae four years earlier. The bulk of the expeditionary force (20,000 men) led by Henry, makes its way down the Adriatic coast.


text: Spring – Battle of Svindax: The Byzantine army under Emperor Basil II defeats the Georgians at Svindax (modern Turkey). King George I is forced to negotiate a peace treaty, ending the Byzantine–Georgian wars.


text: Pilgrim besieges the city of Salerno for forty days. Prince Guaimar III offers to give hostages – Pilgrim accepts the prince's son and co-prince Guaimar IV, and lifts the siege.


text: The Chinese military has one million registered soldiers during the Song Dynasty, an increase since the turn of the 11th century (approximate date).


text: Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne, marches with his army down the Tyrrhenian coast to lay siege to Capua. The citizens open the gates and surrender the city to the imperial army.


text: After the Council of Orléans, King Robert II of France burns thirteen heretics at Orléans. These are the first burning victims for heresy.


text: Æthelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury, travels to Rome to obtain the pallium. He is received by Benedict VIII.


text: Pope Benedict VIII convenes a synod at Pavia. He issues decrees to restrain simony and incontinence of the clergy.


text: Summer – Outbreak of the plague among the German troops forces Henry II to abandon his campaign in Italy. He reimposes his suzerainty on the Lombard principalities.


text: Manasses III, French nobleman (d. 1065)


text: Michael Attaleiates, Byzantine historian (d. 1080)


text: Rajaraja Narendra, Indian ruler (d. 1061)


text: Harold II, king of England (approximate date)


text: Ordulf, duke of Saxony (approximate date)


text: Fujiwara no Nobunaga, Japanese nobleman (d. 1094)


date: March 12

text: March 12 – Symeon the New Theologian, Byzantine monk (b. 949)


date: March 23

text: March 23 – Zhen Zong, emperor of the Song Dynasty (b. 968)


date: March 30

text: March 30 – Atenulf, Italian nobleman and Benedictine abbot


date: June 28

text: June 28 – Notker III, German Benedictine monk and writer


date: July 23

text: July 23 – Lei Yungong, Chinese palace eunuch and adviser


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Nikephoros Phokas, Byzantine aristocrat


date: September 2

text: September 2 – Máel Sechnaill II, High King of Ireland


date: November 20

text: November 20 – Bernward, bishop of Hildesheim


date: December 2

text: December 2 – Elvira Menéndez, queen of León


text: Arikesarin, Indian ruler of the Shilahara Dynasty


text: Aziz al-Dawla, Fatimid governor of Aleppo


text: King Olof Skötkonung dies and is succeeded by his son Anund Jakob as ruler of Sweden. He becomes the second Christian king of the Swedish realm.


text: Moninho Viegas, French knight (b. 950)


text: Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Twelver Shia theologian


date: February 12

text: February 12 – (18 Dhu-I-qa'da 413 AH) In Spain, Al-Ma'mun al-Qāsim ibn Ḥammud returns to Córdoba to become the new Emir, after the Emir Yaḥya ibn ʿAli ibn Ḥammud al-Muʿtali bi-llāh leaves the city and moves to Málaga. Al-Qasim reigns for 10 months before being forced out by Abd al-Rahman V.

source_section: Events › January–March


text: The Judge-Governor of Seville in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) takes advantage of the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba and seizes power as Abbad I, founding the Abbadid dynasty.


text: The Ghaznavid Empire occupies Transoxiana (approximate date).


date: February 23

text: February 23 – The Chitragupta Temple (now in India at Khajuraho at the Madhya Pradesh state) is consecrated to the Hindu god Shiva, at the Maha Shivaratri celebration.


date: March

text: March – Musharrif al-Dawla, ruler of Iraq, comes to Baghdad to see the Abbasid Caliph al-Qadir, and attempts to defy the caliphate.


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Thu'ban becomes the new Emir of Halab (in what is now northern Syria) after Safiyy al-Dawla is dismissed by the Caliph al-Hakim.

source_section: Events › April–June


date: May 16

text: May 16 – From his capital at Mainz in Germany, Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, issues a grant of lands in Tragoess (now in Austria) to the Göss Abbey.


date: June 15

text: June 15 – (17th day before the kalends of July) The body of the late Ælfheah of Canterbury, the former Archbishop of Canterbury who will later be canonized as a Roman Catholic saint and a martyr of the church, is reburied at Canterbury Cathedral on orders of England's King Canute, after being moved from St. Paul's Cathedral in London on June 12 (the 3rd day before the ides of June). King Canute, whose Danish troops had murdered Archbishop Ælfheah on April 19, 1012, during Canute's invasion of England, has ordered the reburial as an atonement for Ælfheah's death.


date: September 14

text: September 14 – Rudolph III, King of Burgundy and his wife, Queen Ermengard, grant the county of Viennois to the Archbishop of Vienne.

source_section: Events › July–September


text: December 2 – Abd al-Rahman V becomes the Muslim Caliph of Córdoba in what is now most of the southern two-thirds of Spain and Portugal by overthrowing Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun, but only serves for six weeks until his assassination by Muhammad III.

source_section: Events › October–December


date: December

text: December – Abbad I declares the Taifa of Seville independent from Córdoban rule. Abd ar-Rahman V is proclaimed Caliph at Córdoba.


text: The Dom Church at Utrecht (modern Netherlands) is severely damaged by fire. Bishop Adalbold II begins construction of a new Romanesque style church.


date: January 24

section: Science & Discovery

text: January 24 – A solar eclipse is visible from London.


date: July 20

text: July 20 – A partial solar eclipse, part of the Solar Saros 120 cycle, is visible to the natives of southern South America in what are now Brazil, Uruguay and Chile.


date: April

text: April/May (Jian 3, 4th month) – An epidemic in Kyoto (Japan) is so severe that there are corpses in the streets; disease spreads throughout the country.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


date: January 16

text: January 16 – (21 Shawwal 413 AH) The Grand Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt is executed only nine months after succeeding Khatir-al-Mulk.


date: May 11

text: May 11 – In the Kingdom of León in Spain, the Abbot Oliba declines to authorize the wedding of King Alfonso V to Urraca Garcés, the sister of King Sancho of Pamplona, describing it as incesti connubii. The wedding takes place anyway.


date: August 11

text: August 11 – King Robert II of France and Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor have a neutral site meeting at Ivois (now Carignan in France's département of Ardennes), and pledge to convene an assembly at Pavia to reform the clergy.


date: November 13

text: November 13 – The marriage of King Alfonso V of León to Princess Urraca of Pamplona is confirmed by the Roman Catholic Church.


text: 60th birthday and longevity ceremony of Japanese matriarch Minamoto no Rinshi, wife of Fujiwara no Michinaga.


text: Lý Thánh Tông, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1072)

source_section: Births


text: Ramon Berenguer I, count of Barcelona (d. 1076)


text: Otto I (or Odon), count of Savoy (approximate date)


text: William VII ("the Bold"), duke of Aquitaine (d. 1058)


date: February 5

text: February 5 – At Cairo in the Fatimid Caliphate, the Caliph al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah attains full power upon the death of his aunt, Sitt al-Mulk.


date: March 27

text: March 27 – Gebhard I, bishop of Regensburg

source_section: Deaths


text: March 27 – Gebhard von Hohenwart becomes the new Bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria, upon the death of Gebhard of Swabia.


date: May 28

text: May 28 – Wulfstan (or Lupus), archbishop of York


date: October 18

text: October 18 – Zirid princess and regent


text: October 18 – Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis becomes the full ruler of Ifriqiya (modern day Tunisia) upon the death of his aunt, Umm Mallal, who had served as regent since 1016.


date: October 21

text: October 21 – Gero, archbishop of Magdeburg


date: October 24

text: October 24 – Kou Zhun, Chinese grand chancellor


date: November 24

text: November 24 – Eilward, bishop of Dresden-Meissen


date: December 5

text: December 5 – Hartwig, archbishop of Salzburg


text: Godfrey II, count and duke of Lower Lorraine (b. 965)


text: Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī, Muslim intellectual (b. 923)


text: Sitt al-Mulk, Fatimid princess and regent (b. 970)


text: Llywelyn ap Seisyll, king of Gwynedd and Powys


date: January 17

text: January 17 – Abd al-Rahman V, Caliph of Córdoba is assassinated in a coup d'etat by Muhammad III of Córdoba.


date: June

text: June – Bedouins led by Abd Alla Ibn Idris al-Ja'fari attack the towns of Ayla and al-'Arish in southern Palestine after the Fatimids of Egypt refuse to restore al-Ja'fari as the Governor of the Wadi al-Qura.


date: July 27

text: July 27 – Thu'ban ibn Muhammad becomes the new Fatimid Governor of Aleppo.


date: September 1

text: September 1 – Basil Boioannes, Byzantine general and governor of the Catapanate of Italy, sails from Bari across the Adriatic Sea to begin an invasion of Croatia, ruled by Krešimir III. He later takes Kresimir's wife as a hostage, transporting her to Bari and then to Constantinople as a hostage.


date: November 22

text: November 22 (17 Ramadan 415 AH) – The siege of Aleppo is started by Salih ibn Mirdas and an army of Bedouin warriors. After a siege of more than 50 days, and heavy casualties on both sides, Aleppo surrenders on January 18, 1025 (13 Dhu al-Qa'da 415 AH).

source_section: Events › October—December


date: November

text: November – After a 20 day of siege, Mansur I, formerly the Emir of Derbent recaptures the capital from the Emir Yazid ibn Ahmad with help from the Christian state of Sarir.


text: The Tayy takes over Ramla, capital of Palestine.


text: Roger I of Tosny, a Norman nobleman, leaves the battlefield of the Ebro Valley after terrorising the Saracens and capturing several towns and castles during the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain).

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: Battle of Lemnos: Kievan Viking raiders (800 men) sail through the straits at Abydos to the Aegean Sea. From there they make for the island of Lemnos, but are defeated by a Byzantine fleet of the Cibyrrhaeot Theme.


text: The Jarrahids, led by Hassan ibn Mufarrij, invade Palestine and attack the city of Tiberias, pillaging the town and killing civilians.


text: Salih ibn Mirdas's forces, led by Ibn Tawq, advance against Aleppo and fight sporadic engagements with the Fatimid troops of governors Thu'ban and Mawsuf. Salih and the Bedouins camp outside of Bab al-Jinan and demand surrender from the lead Islamic judge of the city, Ibn Abi Usama, and are refused.


text: The Banu Kalb, under Sinan ibn Ulayyan begins its siege of Damascus


text: Anushtakin al-Dizbari of Palestine leads an expedition in the mountains around Nablus to apprehend the Bedouin leader Hassan ibn Mufarrij. However, the latter, with 3,000 of his horsemen, repulses Anushtakin, who retreats to Ramla, the capital of Palestine. Hassan and his troops then arrive at Ramla and burn the capital.


text: Byzantine expedition to invade Sicily: Governor Ahmed al-Akhal appeals to the Zirids of Ifriqiya for help. They dispatch a fleet, but these are caught up in a storm and destroyed near Pantelleria.


text: In India, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni begins his 12th, and final, expedition of plunder, departing with a cavalry of 30,000 troops, toward Multan, followed by Ajmer and Anhilvada, arriving at Somnath on January 30.


date: February 17

text: February 17 – According to the cartulary-chronicle of the Bèze Abbey (officially the Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul de Bèze) in the Burgundy region of France, the brothers Girard and Lambert repent of their seizure of the village of Viévigne and restore the property to the Abbey "for the good of their souls".


date: March 9

text: March 9 – In Bamberg in Germany, the Holy Roman Emperor issues an order to regulate the ongoing dispute between the ministries of Fulda and Hersfeld


date: March 23

text: March 23 (9 Muharram 415 AH) – In the first example of the reversal of the policy of religious tolerance created by the late Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim, Egyptian Christian Abu Zakariyya is arrested on charges of apostasy. Zakariyya, raised as a Christian, had converted to Islam, but then renounced Islam and converted back to Christianity, with immunity granted by al-Hakim. Zakariyya, apparently singled out for punishment is executed on October 14 (7 Shaban 415 CE).


date: March

text: March – Massud ibn Tahir al-Wazzan, the vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt since 1019, is dismissed by the Caliph al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah, and replaced by al-Rudhbari.


date: April 19

text: April 19 – Romano de Tusculana, Count of Tusculum and the brother of the late Pope Benedict, arrives in Rome to become the 144th pope of the Roman Catholic Church, and takes the name Pope John XIX.


date: May 4

text: May 4 (20 Safar 415) – The Ambassador from Khorasan to Egypt is received at Cairo by the Caliph al-Zahir.


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Gisela of Swabia, wife of Conrad II, is crowned as the Queen consort of Germany by Archbishop Pilgrim in a ceremony at Cologne. The royal couple then make a tour of Germany, traveling to Aachen (9/23), Nijmegen, Liege (10/2), Gendt (11/14), Dortmund and Minden.


date: December 17

text: December 17 – The monastery of Grottaferrata, outside of Rome, is consecrated by Pope John XIX and dedicated to the Virgin Mary.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – The Fatimid caliph celebrates the Eid al-Fitr in an elaborate ceremony at the Anwar Mosque, as recounted later by the Amir al-Musabbihi. "Social elites at the Fatimid court", by Paul E. Walker, in Court Cultures in the Muslim World Seventh to Nineteenth Centuries (Taylor & Francis, 2014)


text: Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni sacks the Hindu religious center of Somnath and takes away a booty of 20 million dinars (approximate date).


text: Anushtakin al-Dizbari, the Fatimid Governor of Palestine, confronts the Bedouin Jarrahids, sending troops to collect the taxes from the iqtaʿ(fief) of the Bayt Jibrin, led by Hassan ibn Mufarrij. The Jarrahids kill the collectors. Anushtakin retaliates by imprisoning two of Hassan's senior aides in Ascalon and gains permission from Caliph az-Zahir to attack Hassan while the latter is incapacitated by illness.


section: Economy & Finance

text: Jiaozi, the world's first paper-printed money, which later greatly benefits the economy of the Song dynasty, originates in the Sichuan province of China.


date: August 27

text: August 27 (17 Jumada II 415) – The Cairo Canal is opened in Fatimid Egypt in a ceremony that includes the Caliph al-Zahir.


text: Murder of the daughter of the late Japanese Emperor Kazan, a lady-in-waiting to Shōshi who orders an investigation.


date: August 29

section: Climate & Environment

text: August 29 (19 Jumada II 415) – In the wake of a famine striking Egypt, Yaqub ibn al-Dawwas issues an edict on the first day of the Coptic Christian new year, prohibiting the slaughter of cattle and announces that violators will forfeit their life and their property.


date: September 11

text: September 11 (4 Rajab 415) – Ibn Dawwas is fired from his job of administering food relief in Egypt, and replaced by Baqiyy, described as "a black slave who also managed the two shurtas" (food supplies) of Fustat and Cairo; Baqiyy is fired only two days later as the food crisis worsens, and Ibn Dawwas is rehired.


date: May 13

text: May 13 – Fujiwara no Takako, daughter of influential Japanese statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga, is married to Minamoto no Morofusa.


date: July 17

text: July 17 – In Japan, the Manju (万寿) era begins.


date: August 23

text: August 23 (17th day of 7th month of 1 Manju) – While Emperor Goichijo attends a sumo match in the Shishinden hall behind the Ichijo-in Temple, a fight breaks out between Judge Fujiwara Keisuke and Minamoto no Shigeto, leader of the Kurando Shikibu.


date: September 4

text: September 4 – Conrad the Elder is elected as the new King of Germany by an assembly of imperial princes and nobles at Kamba, receiving more votes than his cousin Conrad the Younger, son of Conrad I, Duke of Carinthia


date: September 8

text: September 8 – Conrad the Elder is crowned as King Conrad II of Germany in a ceremony at Mainz, and he and Conrad the Younger are invested as joint dukes of Franconia.


text: Japanese waka poet Sagami divorces, returns to Kyoto and becomes a lady-in-waiting to Imperial Princess Shushi.


text: Japanese waka poet Daini no Sanmi, lady-in-waiting to dowager Grand Empress Shōshi, is married to Fujiwara no Kanetaka.


text: May 13 – Hugh the Great, abbot of Cluny (d. 1109)


text: Magnus the Good, king of Norway (d. 1047)


text: Bruno II, margrave of Friesland (d. 1057)


text: Fu Yaoyu, Chinese official and politician (d. 1091)


text: Al-Kunduri, vizier of the Seljuk Empire (d. 1064)


text: Iziaslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1078)


date: April 9

text: April 9 – Pope Benedict VIII, formerly Theophylact II, Count of Tusculum, dies after a reign of 12 years at Rome.


text: April 9 – Benedict VIII, pope of the Catholic Church


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Emperor Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor dies in his imperial palace at Göttingen in Germany. Henry leaves no heirs. He has deliberately made no provision for a successor, "leaving that regulation in the hands of God", and his death ends the Ottonian dynasty, and plans are made to elect a new Emperor in September.


text: July 13 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)


date: December

text: December – Sultan al-Dawla, Emir of Fars, dies and is succeeded by Abu Kalijar.


text: Choe Hang, civil minister of Goryeo (Korea)


text: Cúán úa Lothcháin, Irish poet and Chief Ollam


text: Alpert of Metz, French Benedictine chronicler


text: Sultan al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Fars (b. 993)


text: Brihtwine, bishop of Wells (approximate date)


text: Hugbert (or Hukbrecht), bishop of Meissen


text: Abd ar-Rahman V, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba


date: February

text: February – In what was the Kingdom of Israel, Fath al-Qal'i, the Fatimid Governor of Jerusalem, and Anushtakin al-Dizbari, the Governor of Palestine, make a successful assault on Ramla against Hassan ibn Mufarrij al-Jarrah, the leader of the Jarrahids of Syria.


date: September

text: September – At the urging of Queen Constance of Arles, the three sons of King Robert II of France ("the Pious") revolt against their father – Hugh Magnus (heir and co-king), Henry I and Robert I, Duke of Burgundy start a civil war over power.


text: Srivijaya, a Buddhist kingdom based in Sumatra, is attacked by Emperor Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty of southern India in a dispute over trading rights in Southeast Asia. It survives but declines in importance.


text: Emir Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis of the Zirid dynasty in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) attempts to retake Sicily but is unsuccessful.


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Mieszko II Lambert, son of Bolosław I, is formally crowned as king of Poland by the Archbishop Hippolytus in Gniezno Cathedral.


text: Completion and publishing of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine.


date: March 7

text: March 7 – Count Herbert I of Maine, is imprisoned at Saintes after being lured there by Count Fulk III of Anjou, who had promised to reward Herbert with control of Saintes. Herbert is held captive for two years before other nobles force his release.


date: February 25

text: February 25 – (23 Dhu l-Hijja 415 AH) In the Fatimid Caliphate, Badr al-Dawla Nafidh leads a group of Egyptian soldiers and white slave soldiers from Cairo to end a black slave rebellion in the famine-stricken Egyptian capital, Fustat.


date: January 21

text: January 21 – Chifuru, daughter of powerful Japanese court official Fujiwara no Sanesuke (rival of Fujiwara no Michinaga) has her mogi ceremony. Sanesuke wants to make his daughter an imperial consort which causes the dislike of Empress Ishi (daughter of Michinaga) – eventually Kampaku (Regent) Fujiwara no Yorimichi prevents it. [Unclear significance]


date: March 6

text: March 6 – In the Duchy of Aquitaine in France, the Aquitanian barons and prelates meet at Maillezais, to discuss the claims by William the Fat, son of the Duke of Aquitaine Guillaume le Grand (William the Great) to rule the vacant throne of the Kingdom of Italy (primarily Lombardy and Tuscany) within the Holy Roman Empire. The title is eventually claimed by Conrad the Salic.


text: Japanese Kampaku (Regent) Fujiwara no Yorimichi holds horse racing at his mansion; the emperor attends. [Unclear significance]


date: August 28

text: August 28 – Go-Reizei, Japanese emperor (d. 1068)


text: John of Lodi, Italian hermit and bishop (d. 1106)


text: Tora Torbergsdatter, Norwegian Viking queen


text: Elisaveta Yaroslavna of Kiev, Norwegian queen


text: William VIII of Aquitaine, French nobleman (approximate date)


text: Anna Dalassene, Byzantine empress and regent


text: Edith of Wessex, English queen (approximate date)


text: Ruben I, Armenian prince (approximate date)


text: John Italus, Byzantine philosopher (d. 1090)


text: Nong Zhigao, Vietnamese chieftain of Nong


text: Gerald of Sauve-Majeure, French abbot (d. 1095)


text: Lothair Udo II, German margrave (d. 1082)


text: Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia (d. 1080)


text: Simon I, French nobleman (approximate date)


date: April 18

text: April 18 – Bolesław I the Brave is crowned in Gniezno as the first King of Poland. He takes advantage of the interregnum in Germany (see 1024) and receives permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX; however, he dies 60 days later.


date: April 25

text: April 25 – Fujiwara no Seishi, Japanese empress consort (b. 972)


date: May

text: May – Ishoyahb IV, the unpopular Nicene Christian Patriarch of the Church of the East, dies in Baghdad after a five-year reign, leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until 1028.


text: May – Musharrif al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraq (b. 1003)


date: June 17

text: June 17 – Mieszko II Lambert becomes the second King of Poland after the sudden death of his father, King Bolesław I the Brave


date: August 10

text: August 10 – Burchard of Worms, German bishop and writer


date: September 17

text: September 17 – Hugh Magnus, king of France (b. 1007)


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Louis I, count of Chiny and Verdun


date: December 15

text: December 15 – Byzantine Emperor Basil II ("Bulgar Slayer") dies in Constantinople after a 50-year reign. Never married, he is succeeded by his brother and co-emperor Constantine VIII, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Constantine calls the Sicilian invasion off. Catapan Basil Boioannes diverts the Byzantine expeditionary force already assembled on Calabria, to join the siege of Capua.


date: December 22

text: December 22 – Wang Qinruo, Chinese chancellor


date: December

text: December – Eustathius of Constantinople, Byzantine patriarch


text: Watanabe no Tsuna, Japanese samurai (b. 953)


text: c. August 30 – Fujiwara no Kishi, Japanese crown princess, posthumously named empress, mother of Emperor Go-Reizei (b. 1007)


text: Koshikibu no Naishi, Japanese waka poet and lady-in-waiting (b. c.999)


text: A Zubu revolt against the Liao dynasty is suppressed, with the Zubu forced to pay an annual tribute of horses, camels and furs.

source_section: Events › Asia


text: Battle of Helgeå (off the coast of Sweden): Naval forces of King Cnut's North Sea Empire defeat the combined Swedish and Norwegian royal fleets.

source_section: Events › Asia › Europe


text: Summer – Conrad II leaves the bulk of his army at the siege of Pavia, and marches to Ravenna. The Ravennan militias close the town gates and assault the imperial train. Conrad rallies his troops and takes Ravenna, taking bloody revenge.


text: Autumn – Pavia falls to the imperial forces. Only the intervention of Odilo of Cluny persuades Conrad to have mercy on the city and the defeated rebels.


text: Spring – King Conrad II, "the Elder", assembles an army of thousands of armored knights for an expedition into Italy. He besieges Pavia and marches to Milan, where he is crowned with the Iron Crown by Archbishop Aribert as king of the Lombards. Duke William V ("the Great") of Aquitaine, who is already en route for Italy, decides to renounce his claim to the Lombard throne and turns back.


date: June 1

text: June 1 – The Basilica of Saint Maternus in Walcourt, modern-day Belgium, is consecrated by Bishop Réginhard of Liège.


text: Approximate date – Guido of Arezzo writes his treatise on music, Micrologus.


text: Conrad II proceeds to Pesaro, but a malarian outbreak forces him to withdraw back up north to the Po Valley. He subdues the March of Turin, where Count Ulric Manfred II opposes the election of Conrad.


text: Pietro Barbolano becomes 28th doge of Venice.


date: April

text: April – Conrad II punishes the citizens of Pavia with starvation, with the help of Milanese troops, for burning down the Royal Palace. He appoints Aribert as his viceroy ("imperial vicar") in Italy and charges him to ensure that the order is complied with.


date: June 16

text: June 16 – The Manju tsunami with waves of at modern-day Masuda, Shimane: more than 1,000 people are killed and 3,000 homes destroyed.


text: Lidanus, Lombard Benedictine abbot (d. 1118)


text: Pope Victor III, born Dauferio, Lombard churchman (approximate date)


text: Tostig Godwinson, earl of Northumbria (approximate date)


text: William Firmatus, Norman hermit and pilgrim (d. 1103)


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Hugh II, French viscount and archbishop


text: August 28 – Richard II, "the Good", duke of Normandy


date: August 30

text: August 30 – Bononio, Lombard hermit and abbot


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Otto-William, count of Burgundy


date: November 27

text: November 27 – Adalbold II, bishop of Utrecht


text: Hugh IV, lord of Lusignan (approximate date)


text: Leo of Vercelli, German archdeacon and bishop


text: Henry V, duke of Bavaria (House of Luxembourg)


text: 9-year-old Henry "the Black" is made duke of Bavaria by his father, Conrad II, after the death of his predecessor Henry V.


text: Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, French queen and regent


text: Frederick II, duke of Upper Lorraine (Lotharingia)


text: Duke Sergius IV of Naples donates the County of Aversa to a band of Norman mercenaries led by Rainulf Drengot, who support him in the war with Capua.

source_section: Events › By Place › Europe


date: March 26

text: March 26 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II ("the Elder") and his wife Gisela of Swabia as Holy Roman Emperor and Empress, respectively, in Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Cnut the Great, King of Denmark and England, attends the coronation, proving his position as sole ruler of the Danish North Sea Empire.


date: May 14

text: May 14 – King Robert II of France ("the Pious") sues for peace with his sons. Henry I is crowned co-king of France at Reims Cathedral, but has little power to rule (until 1031).


text: Ealdred is appointed abbot of Tavistock Abbey in England (approximate date).


text: Song dynasty Chinese engineer Yan Su reinvents the 3rd-century south-pointing chariot, a mechanical-driven compass vehicle (as recorded in the Song Shi).

source_section: Events › By topic › Science, technology and medicine


text: This is the first year of the first rabjyung (60-year) cycle to start in the Tibetan calendar.

source_section: Events › By Place › Asia


text: Wedding of Crown Prince Atsunaga of Japan and Imperial Princess Teishi.


text: The Book of Healing (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitab Al-Shifaʾ, Latin: Sufficientia), a comprehensive scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by the Persian polymath Avicenna (Abū ʿAlī ibn Sīnā), is published.


text: King Sigtrygg Silkbeard of Dublin and sub-King Flannacán of Brega make a pilgrimage to Rome.


date: January 19

text: January 19 – Shōshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1105)


text: Fayun Faxiu, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (d. 1090)


text: Sviatoslav II, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1077)


text: Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, Abbadid ruler of Seville (d. 1095)


text: Ernest the Brave, margrave of Austria (d. 1075)


text: Ulrich I (or Udalrich), German bishop (d. 1121)


text: Albert III, count of Namur (House of Namur) (approximate date)


text: Matilda of Franconia, German princess (d. 1034)


date: January 3

text: January 3 – Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (b. 972)


date: August 6

text: August 6 – Richard III, duke of Normandy (House of Normandy)


text: August 6 – Robert the Magnificent becomes duke of Normandy after the death of his brother Richard III.


date: August 16

text: August 16 – George I, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi)


text: August 16 – Bagrat IV becomes king of Georgia on the death of his father, George I. Queen Dowager Mariam becomes regent for her 9-year-old son.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Fujiwara no Kenshi, Japanese dowager empress (b. 994)


text: Walter of Speyer, German bishop and poet (b. 967)


text: Sulayman al-Ghazzi, Arab poet and bishop of Gaza (approximate date)


text: Aurelia of Regensburg, daughter of Hugh Capet and saint


text: Dayang Jingxuan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 943)


text: Yazid II, Persian ruler (shah) of Shirvan (Azerbaijan)


text: Gadhra Mór mac Dundach, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)


text: Dogra mac Dúnadach, king of Síol Anmchadha (Ireland)


text: Abu'l-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Maghribi, Arab statesman (b. 981)


text: Cnut the Great sails from England to Norway with a fleet of 50 ships. He defeats Olaf Haraldsson and is crowned king of Norway. Cnut becomes the sole ruler of England, Denmark and part of Sweden (known as the Danish North Sea Empire).

source_section: Events › By place › England


text: King Sancho Garcés III (the Great) conquers Castile (modern Spain) (approximate date).


date: April 14

text: April 14 – The 10-year-old Henry III (the Black), son of Emperor Conrad II (the Elder), is elected and crowned king of Germany in Aachen Cathedral by Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne.


date: November 15

text: November 15 – Zoë Porphyrogenita takes the throne as empress consort. Her husband, Romanos III (age 60) becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


date: February 17

text: February 17 – Al-Juwayni, Persian scholar and imam (d. 1085)


text: Robert of Molesme, founder of the Cistercian Order (d. 1111)


text: William I (the Conqueror), king of England (approximate date) (d. 1087)


text: Burchard II (or Bucco), bishop of Halberstadt (approximate date)


text: Nuño Álvarez de Carazo, Spanish nobleman and warrior (d. 1054)


text: January 3 – Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (b. 966)


date: August 7

text: August 7 – Alfonso V (the Noble), king of León (Spain) (b. 994)


date: November 11

text: November 11 – Constantine VIII, Byzantine emperor (b. 960)


text: November 11 – Emperor Constantine VIII dies at Constantinople after a 3-year reign. On his deathbed, and without a male heir, Constantine arranges that his eldest daughter, Zoë Porphyrogenita, succeeds him and marries the Byzantine nobleman, Romanos III (Argyros).


text: Sayyida Shirin, Bavandid princess and wife of Fakhr al-Dawla


text: William of Bellême, French nobleman (House of Bellême)


text: Liu Wenzhi, Chinese official of the Song dynasty (b. 964)


text: Lin Bu (or Junfu), Chinese poet and calligrapher (b. 967)


text: Lý Công Uẩn, founder of the Vietnamese Lý dynasty (b. 974)


text: Qawam al-Dawla, Buyid governor and ruler of Kerman (b. 1000)


text: Duke Bretislav I (Bohemian Achilles) of Bohemia of the Přemyslid Dynasty reconquers Moravia from Poland (approximate date).


text: Prince Pandulf IV of Capua becomes the de facto ruler of southern Italy – holding Capua and Naples himself – this in support with his powerful allies Amalfi, Salerno and Benevento. Only the Duchy of Gaeta remains out of his grasp.


text: Rainulf Drengot, head of a mercenary band of Norman knights, is approached by Duke John V of Gaeta and is persuaded to change sides. With Norman help, Duke Sergius IV recovers Naples from Capuan occupation.


text: The seat of the Bishopric of Zeitz is moved to Naumburg (Saxony-Anhalt) in Central Germany.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


date: March

text: March/April: The Ghaznavid Sultan Maḥmūd brutally sacks the city of Rayy after receiving a request for help by its Buyyid ruler Majd al-Dawla against his rebellious troops. He crucifies a large number of the local population and burns many books that he considers heretical.


date: January 20

text: January 20 – Alp Arslan (Heroic Lion), sultan of the Seljuk Empire (d. 1072)


date: July 5

text: July 5 – Al-Mustansir Billah, caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate (d. 1094)


text: Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī, Arab astrologer and astronomer (d. 1087)


text: Clement III, antipope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)


text: Kaoruko (or Saien-no Kogo), Japanese empress consort (d. 1093)


text: Ulrich of Zell (or Wulderic), German abbot and saint (d. 1093)


text: Said al-Andalusi, Moorish astronomer and mathematician (d. 1070)


text: Al-Humaydī, Andalusian scholar and writer of Islamic studies (d. 1095)


text: January 20 – Heonae, Korean queen consort and regent (b. 964)


date: January 27

text: January 27 – Unwan (or Unwin), archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen


date: May 28

text: May 28 – Herman of Ename, count of Verdun (Lower Lorraine)


text: Kushyar Gilani, Persian mathematician and geographer (b. 971)


text: Fujiwara no Tametoki, Japanese nobleman (approximate date)


text: Lu Zongdao, Chinese official and politician (approximate date)


text: Haakon Ericsson, Norwegian Viking nobleman (approximate date)


text: Abu'l-Qasim Jafar, Buyid statesman and vizier (Fasanjas family)


text: Ibn al-Kattani, Moorish astrologer, poet and physician (b. 951)


text: Fujiwara no Kinsue, Japanese statesman and courtier (b. 957)


text: Salih ibn Mirdas, Arab founder of the Mirdasid Dynasty


text: Al-Karaji, Persian mathematician and engineer (approximate date)


text: Emperor Trajan and Manius Laberius Maximus become Roman consuls.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Legio X Gemina moves to Vienna, where it remains until the 5th century.


text: In Palmyra, Syria, a Temple of the Sun is erected to the god Baal.


text: Pliny the Younger becomes a member of the college of Augurs (103–104).


text: Kong Zhou, father of Kong Rong (d. 163)


text: Yin, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (b. AD 80)


text: Sextus Julius Frontinus, Roman author (b. c. AD 40)


text: Silius Italicus, Roman politician and author (b. c. AD 28)


text: Kanishka I, ruler of the Kushan Empire (approximate date)


text: The Chola Empire reaches its greatest extent.


date: July 29

text: July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').


date: July

text: July – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába but suffers from the consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat to Germany. King Stephen I (St. Stephen) pursued his forces, which were defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.


date: August 10

text: August 10 – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation, but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.


text: Henry I revolts against his father, King Robert II (the Pious), in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency.


text: Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamped near Azaz, where they were encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.


text: The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Estonians and finds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu). The Rus' will hold the fortress for 30 or 31 years.


text: The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, derived from Tellewilare and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead.


text: Ouyang Xiu, a Chinese historian and scholar, obtained his jinshi degree at the age of 23, by passing the imperial examinations in the country, leading him to a distinguished path as a scholar-official.


date: July 21

text: July 21 – Kyansittha, king of the Pagan Empire (Burma)


date: July 26

text: July 26 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (d. 1079)


text: Baldwin VI (the Good), count of Flanders (approximate date)


text: Anne of Kiev, French queen and regent (approximate date)


text: Adelaide of Eilenburg, German noblewoman (approximate date)


text: Walter of Pontoise, French abbot (approximate date)


text: Romanos IV, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1072)


text: Manegold of Lautenbach, German priest (approximate date)


text: Gertrude of Saxony, countess of Holland (approximate date)


text: Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Carthusian Order (d. 1101)


text: Gerard (the Great), duke of Lorraine (approximate date)


text: Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1093)


text: William of Hirsau, German abbot (approximate date)


date: January 10

text: January 10 – Thietmar, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark


date: January 31

text: January 31 – William V (the Great), duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Welf II, German nobleman (Elder House of Welf)


date: April 30

text: April 30 – Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (b. 971)


text: April 30 – Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I, who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran, and India.


date: July 19

text: July 19 – Adalberon, French bishop and poet (or 1031)


text: July 29 – Bjørn Stallare, Norwegian servant and diplomat


text: July 29 – Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf), king of Norway


text: July 29 – Torstein Knarresmed, Norwegian Viking warrior


text: Miskawayh, Persian official and philosopher (b. 932)


text: Krešimir III, king of Croatia (Trpimirović Dynasty)


text: Gormflaith ingen Murchada, Irish queen (b. 960)


text: Skapti Þóroddsson, Icelandic lawspeaker and skald


text: Fan Kuan, Chinese landscape painter (approximate date)


text: Summer – After a failed invasion in the previous year, the Holy Roman Empire concludes a peace with the Kingdom of Hungary; Emperor Conrad II is forced to cede the lands between Leitha and Fischa to King Stephen I.


text: King Mieszko II is forced to escape Poland after an attack of Grand Prince Yaroslav I ("the Wise") of Kiev, who installs Mieszko's half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne.


text: The Byzantine general George Maniakes captures Edessa from the Arab Muslims and stabilizes the eastern frontier.

source_section: Events › By place › Middle East


text: The Caliphate of Córdoba collapses after years of infighting; the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim taifa (kingdoms). The last Umayyad ruler, Caliph Hisham III, tries to consolidate the caliphate, but his raising of taxes (to pay for mosques) leads to heavy opposition and he is imprisoned by his rivals.


text: France suffers from a famine (until 1033).


date: March 26

text: March 26 – Malcolm III (Canmore), king of Scotland (d. 1093)


text: Muhammad ibn Ammar, Moorish poet and writer (d. 1086)


text: Matilda of Flanders, queen consort of England (d. 1083)


text: Spytihněv II, duke of Bohemia (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1061)


text: Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and engineer (d. 1095)


text: Hoël II (or Houel), duke of Brittany (approximate date)


text: Roger I (the Great Count), Norman nobleman (d. 1101)


text: Robert of Mortain, Norman nobleman and Earl of Cornwall (d. 1095)


date: January 1

text: January 1 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (b. 962)


date: January 5

text: January 5 – Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandy


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Liudolf of Lotharingia, German nobleman


date: June 17

text: June 17 – Hyeonjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 992)


date: June 25

text: June 25 – Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 972)


date: June 28

text: June 28 – Taira no Tadatsune, Japanese governor (b. 975)


date: July 20

text: July 20 – King Robert II (the Pious) dies at Melun, after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, Henry I, who becomes the sole ruler of France. Henry's mother, Queen dowager Constance of Arles, prefers her third son, Robert, as heir to the throne and, with the help of Count Odo II, begins a war against Henry.


text: July 20 – Robert II (the Pious), king of France (b. 972)


date: August 20

text: August 20 – Burchard, French archbishop and count


date: September 2

text: September 2 – Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir


date: September 9

text: September 9 – Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (b. 948)


date: November 29

text: November 29 – Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 947)


text: Fadl ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir of Ganja (Azerbaijan)


text: Snorri Goði, Icelandic Viking warrior and chieftain (b. 963)


text: Spring – Emperor Romanos III (Argyros) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under General Michael Protospatharios, which includes Western auxiliaries and elite troops of Asia Minor, to reinforce the Byzantine position in Calabria (Southern Italy).


text: Odo II, count of Champagne, invades Burgundy and seizes most of the kingdom for himself. With the assistance of Humbert I of Savoy, Queen-dowager Ermengarde (Rudolph III's widow) flees to the safety of Zürich.


text: The first mention is made of Kursk, Russia, in the hagiography of Theodosius, who becomes a monk at the Kiev Caves Monastery (approximate date).


text: Winter – Conrad II marches with his army into Champagne and devastates the land – forcing Odo II to sue for peace and swear to abandon Burgundy. The bishops prevent Conrad from seizing control of Burgundy.


date: February 16

text: February 16 – Ying Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1067)


date: September 3

text: September 3 – Go-Sanjō, Japanese emperor (d. 1073)


date: September 14

text: September 14 – Dao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1101)


text: Osbern FitzOsbern, bishop of Exeter (approximate date)


text: Touzi Yiqing, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1083)


text: Ermengol III (or Armengol), count of Urgell (d. 1065)


text: Cheng Hao, Chinese neo-confucian philosopher (d. 1085)


text: Hugh de Grandmesnil, Norman warrior and sheriff (d. 1098)


text: Gyrth Godwinson, English nobleman (approximated date)


text: Donald III (the Fair), king of Scotland (approximate date)


text: Vratislaus II (or Wratislaus), king of Bohemia (d. 1092)


text: Abe no Munetō, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1108)


text: Gao, Chinese empress consort and regent (d. 1093)


date: July 28

text: July 28 – Constance of Arles, French queen


date: July 29

text: July 29 – Matilda of Swabia, German duchess


date: September 6

text: September 6 – King Rudolph III dies without any heirs. He bequeaths his entire dominions to Emperor Conrad II (the Elder), dispatching to him the Holy Lance and ring of St. Maurice, symbols of Burgundian investiture.


text: September 6 – Rudolph III, king of Burgundy


date: October 4

text: October 4 – Sancho VI, duke of Gascony


date: October

text: October – Pope John XIX dies after an 8-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by his nephew Benedict IX as the 145th pope of the Catholic Church, while (probably) still in his teens.


text: John XIX, pope of the Catholic Church


text: Arslan Yabgu, Turkic chieftain and ruler


text: Ahmad Maymandi, Ghaznavid vizier


text: Li, Chinese consort and concubine (b. 987)


text: Gille Coemgáin, king of Moray (Scotland)


text: Bezprym (or Besfrim), duke of Poland


text: Otto Orseolo (or Ottone), doge of Venice


text: Constantine Diogenes, Byzantine general


text: Treaty of Merseburg: Conrad II attends a Hoftag at Merseburg and signs an agreement with King Mieszko II. He divides Poland in three parts with Mieszko designated as supreme ruler, in exchange for Conrad's support.


date: February 2

text: February 2 – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) holds an assembly at the Abbey of Payerne and is crowned King of Burgundy. He claims dominion over the Kingdom of Burgundy which is incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire.


date: December 5

text: December 5 – A major earthquake in the Jordan Valley devastates multiple cities across the Palestine region, killing many people and triggering a tsunami.


text: Panic spreads throughout Europe that the end of the universe may be near, on the 1,000th anniversary of the crucifixion of Christ, due to some unusually harsh spring weather. The Book of Revelation (Chapter 20) predicts the end of the earth after a 1,000 year period after the second return of Jesus Christ.


text: Judith of Flanders, German duchess (approximate date)


text: Fujiwara no Tadaie, Japanese statesman (d. 1091)


text: Anselm, English archbishop and philosopher (d. 1109)


text: Fujiwara no Atsuie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1090)


text: Conan II, duke of Brittany (approximate date)


text: Cheng Yi, Chinese neo-confucian philosopher (d. 1107)


text: Urraca of Zamora, Spanish noblewoman (d. 1101)


text: Theobald of Provins, French hermit and saint (d. 1066)


date: May 11

text: May 11 – Ebles I, French nobleman and archbishop


text: Abu Talib Yahya, Muslim imam (Zaidiyyah sect) (b. 951)


text: Ibno Al-Thahabi, Moorish encyclopedist and physician


text: Rhydderch ap Iestyn, king of Gwent and Deheubarth


text: Ahmad Inaltigin, Ghaznavid general and rebel leader


text: John VIII bar Abdoun, patriarch of Antioch (b. 944)


text: Liu, empress and regent of the Song dynasty (b. 969)


text: Otto Bolesławowic, Polish prince (House of Piast) (b. 1000)


text: Merewith (or Beorhtwig), English abbot and bishop


text: In Al-Andalus, benefiting from the weakening of the Muslim central authority, the count of Portugal, Gonçalo Maia, conquers Montemor-o-Velho (approximate date).


text: Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire.


text: King Sancho III (the Great) of Pamplona captures León, after defeating a string of rivals. His rule now extends from the borders of Galicia in the west to the County of Barcelona in the east.


date: March

text: March – Conrad II converges his armies on Lake Lemano and defeats Count Odo II in battle at Geneva (modern Switzerland). For his assistance, Conrad grants Humbert I with the Burgundian county of Maurienne.


date: November 25

text: November 25 – King Malcolm II dies in battle at Glamis. He is succeeded by Duncan I, son of his eldest daughter, rather than Macbeth, who is possibly another grandson of his.


text: Summer – Poland is broken up into regions (during the so-called Pagan Reaction). Queen Richeza, Casimir I and his sisters Ryksa and Gertruda are driven into exile in Germany.


text: A Pisan and Genovese fleet attack Bona (modern Annaba) on the Maghribi coast (modern Algeria). The city is occupied for one year.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: Spring – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads a German military expedition via the Rhone River into Burgundy, while two Italian armies led by Archbishop Aribert and Boniface III (margrave of Tuscany) head over the Alps and join with Count Humbert I at Great St. Bernard Pass.


date: April 11

text: April 11 – Emperor Romanos III (Argyros) is drowned in his bath, at the urging of his wife Zoë, who marries her chamberlain, and elevates him to the throne of the Byzantine Empire, as Michael IV. Romanos is buried in the Church of St. Mary Peribleptos in Constantinople.


text: Joscelin I de Courtenay, French nobleman (House of Courtenay)


text: Khön Könchok Gyalpo, founder of Sakya Monastery (d. 1102)


date: February 21

text: February 21 – Hawise of Normandy, French duchess and regent


date: March 21

text: March 21 – Ezzo (or Ehrenfried), German count palatine


text: April 11 – Romanos III (Argyros), Byzantine emperor (b. 968)


date: May

text: May – King Mieszko II dies after a 6-year reign (probably killed as a result of a conspiracy) and is succeeded by his 17-year-old son Casimir I (the Restorer). A violent revolt spreads throughout Poland.


date: October 31

text: October 31 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 1016)


date: November 9

text: November 9 – Oldřich (or Odalric), duke of Bohemia


date: November 19

text: November 19 – Theodoric II, margrave of Lower Lusatia


text: November 25 – Malcolm II, king of Alba (Scotland)


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Æthelric (or Brihtmær), English bishop


text: Ali ibn Hasan (Ali-Tegin), Karakhanid ruler (khagan)


text: Adémar de Chabannes, French monk and historian


text: Bernard Roger, French nobleman (approximate date)


text: Samuel ben Hofni, Jewish rabbi and writer


text: Manuchihr I, Persian ruler (shah) of Shirvan


text: Emperor Conrad II ("the Elder") grants the city of Koper (modern Slovenia) town rights, and some degree of self-government, within the Holy Roman Empire.


date: March 23

text: March 23 – Battle of Cesar (near the village of Cesar, Portugal): The armies of Bermudo III, King of León, defeat the Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the Taifa of Seville.


text: Winter – Harthacnut is unable to travel to his coronation in England because his Danish kingdom is under threat of an invasion by King Magnus I of Norway and King Anund Jacob of Sweden.


text: Pisa launches a naval assault against Saracen pirate strongholds in the Lipari Islands.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Conrad II grants the right to hold the first Freimarkt festival in Bremen. The city increases her trade with Norway, and the northern Netherlands.


text: Marbodius of Rennes, French archdeacon (approximate date)


text: Nathan ben Jehiel, Italian Jewish lexicographer (d. 1106)


text: Urban II, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)


text: Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (d. 1094)


text: Robert I, the Frisian, count of Flanders (approximate date)


text: Hereward the Wake, English nobleman (approximate date)


text: Dharma Pala, Indian ruler of the Pala dynasty (d. 1060)


text: Leofwine Godwinson, English nobleman (approximate date)


text: Richard fitz Gilbert, Norman nobleman (d. c.1090) (approximate date)


text: Hermann of Salm, German nobleman (approximate date)


text: Henry of Burgundy, French nobleman (approximate date)


date: April 13

text: April 13 – Herbert I of Maine, French nobleman (approximate date)


date: May 26

text: May 26 – Berenguer Ramon I, Spanish nobleman (b. 1005)


date: May 30

text: May 30 – Baldwin IV of Flanders ("the Bearded"), French nobleman (b. 980)


date: July 3

text: July 3 – Robert I, Duke of Normandy ("the Magnificent"), (b. 1000) (approximate date)


date: October 18

text: October 18 – Sancho III ("the Great"), king of Pamplona


text: October 18 – King Sancho III of Pamplona dies and divides his dominions among his four sons, García Sánchez III, Gonzalo I, Ferdinand I and Ramiro I.


date: November 4

text: November 4 – Jaromír, duke of Bohemia (Přemyslid dynasty)


date: November 12

text: November 12 – King Cnut the Great dies at Shaftesbury, leaving the rule of England in dispute between his sons Harthacnut and Harold Harefoot. The earls of Northumbria and Mercia support Harold's claim, while Godwin (Earl of Wessex) supports Harthacnut. Harold is elected as regent (or joint ruler) of England. Cnut is buried in the Old Minster, in Winchester.


text: November 12 – Cnut, king of Denmark, Norway and England


text: Estrid of the Obotrites (or Astrid), queen consort of Sweden


text: Svein Knutsson, king of Norway and son of Cnut the Great


text: Harun, Ghaznavid governor and ruler (shah) of Khwarazm, assassinated


text: c. July 3 – 8-year-old William I becomes duke of Normandy after his father Robert I ("the Magnificent") dies on a pilgrimage at Nicaea (modern Turkey). Robert's death leads to a period of instability in Normandy, as William is too young to take his father's place. The Norman nobles in the region take the opportunity to settle old feuds and to increase their private wealth.


text: Drogo of Mantes, count of Valois and the Vexin (b. 996)


text: A Zirid expeditionary force invades Sicily and takes Palermo from the Normans, but fails to fully reconquer the island.


text: Summer – In Naples, Duke Sergius IV abdicates and retires to a monastery; he is succeeded by his son John V.


text: Pope Benedict IX is briefly forced out of Rome, but returns with the help of the elder Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.


text: The Tangut script is devised by Yeli Renrong, for Emperor Jing Zong of Western Xia.

source_section: Events › By place › China


date: February 5

text: February 5 – Edward the Confessor's younger brother Alfred Aetheling is blinded and murdered, in an apparent attempt to seize the throne of England from Harold I.


text: The Flower Sermon first appears in Buddhist literature.


text: Igor Yaroslavich, prince of Smolensk (d. 1060)


text: Wang Shen, Chinese painter and poet (d. 1093)


text: Fujiwara no Hiroko, Japanese empress (d. 1127)


text: Anselm of Lucca (the Younger), Italian bishop (d. 1086)


text: February 5 – Alfred Aetheling, Anglo-Saxon prince


date: March 17

text: March 17 – Gebhard II, bishop of Regensburg


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Emperor Go-Ichijō dies at the age of 27 after a 20-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Go-Suzaku as the 69th emperor of Japan.

source_section: Events › By place › Japan


text: May 15 – Go-Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 1008)


date: June 12

text: June 12 – Tedald (or Theobald), Italian bishop


date: June 13

text: June 13 – Caliph al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah dies after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old son al-Mustansir as ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate. Vizier Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i will guide the regency for the first few years.


text: June 13 – al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1005)


date: August 25

text: August 25 – Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne


text: Hárek of Tjøtta, Norwegian Viking chieftain


text: Berengar of Gascony, French nobleman


text: Abu Nasr Mansur, Persian mathematician (b. 960)


text: Hisham III, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (b. 973)


text: Fujiwara no Ishi, Japanese empress (b. 999)


text: Emilia of Gaeta, Italian duchess and regent


date: May 28

text: May 28 – Conrad II decrees the Constitutio de Feudis which protects the rights of the valvassores (knights and burghers of the cities) in Lombardia (modern Italy).


text: The Great Seljuk Empire is established by Tugrul Bey.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


date: February

text: February – At an Imperial Diet in Pavia (assembled by Conrad II), Aribert is accused of fomenting a revolt against the Holy Roman Empire, Conrad orders his arrest.


date: September 4

text: September 4 – Battle of Tamarón: Ferdinand I defeats and kills his brother-in-law Bermudo III. Ferdinand becomes the king of Castile and León (modern Spain).


date: November 15

text: November 15 – Battle of Bar-le-Duc: Odo II, Count of Blois and Champagne, while invading the Duchy of Lorraine dies in battle with forces loyal to Gothelo I.


text: King Harold I seizes the throne of England from his half-brother Harthacnut. His mother, Emma of Normandy, flees to Bruges in Flanders (modern Belgium).


text: Summer – A Byzantine expeditionary force under George Maniakes lands at Sicily, and defeats the Zirids. Maniakes begins his campaign to reconquer the island.


date: May

text: May – Conrad II, with Pavian assistance, lays siege to Milan at the Porta Romana side, but the city holds out. In Rome, Pope Benedict IX deposes Aribert as archbishop.


text: Spring – A revolt in northern Italy is started by Archbishop Aribert of Milan. King Henry III (eldest son of Emperor Conrad II) travels south of the Alps to quell it.


text: The Chinese rime dictionary of the Jiyun is published during the Song Dynasty.


date: January 8

text: January 8 – Su Dongpo, Chinese calligrapher (d. 1101)

source_section: Births


text: Beatrice I, German abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1061)


text: Hawise, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)


text: September 4 – Bermudo III (or Vermudo), king of León

source_section: Deaths


text: November 15 – Odo II, French nobleman (b. 983)


text: Farrukhi Sistani, Persian poet (or 1038)


text: Ding Wei, grand chancellor of the Song Dynasty


text: John of Debar, Bulgarian clergyman and bishop


text: Baba Kuhi of Shiraz, Persian Sufi mystic (b. 948)


text: Avicenna, Persian physician and polymath (b. 980)


text: Boleslaus III (the Red), duke of Bohemia


text: Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi, Persian Shafi'i scholar


text: Robert II, French prelate and archbishop


text: Muhammad al-Baghdadi, Persian mathematician


text: Muirgeas ua Cú Ceanainn, king of Uí Díarmata


text: William III (Taillefer), French nobleman


text: Abu'l-Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami, Persian poet


date: November 10

text: November 10 – Li Yuanhao proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Xia, declaring independence from the Song dynasty in China.


date: August

text: August – A battle occurs near the town of Alfuente, Andalucia, between the Taifa of Granada and the Taifa of Almeria, as described by the Jewish poet Samuel ibn Naghrela.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: Duke Bretislav I of Bohemia invades Poland. He captures and destroys the cities of Gniezno and Poznań.


text: Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor ("the Elder") travels to Southern Italy and holds court in Troia. He orders Pandulf IV of Capua to restore the territories of Monte Cassino. Pandulf holes himself up in the fortress of Sant'Agata de' Goti, and dispatches tribute (300 lb of gold) and his son as hostage to Troia as a token of peace. Conrad accepts his offer, but the son escapes. Conrad goes on the offensive and seizes Capua, and gives it to Guaimar IV of Salerno.


text: The name of Versailles, at this time a small village, appears for the first time in a medieval charter in France.


text: Duke John II drives his brother Manso II and his mother Maria out of Amalfi. He has Manso blinded and exiled to the island of Sirenuse. John reconciles with Maria, and allows her to remain as co-ruler of Amalfi.


date: January 9

text: January 9 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300.


text: Rostislav of Tmutarakan, Kievan Rus' prince (d. 1066)


text: Sancho Garcés, Lord of Uncastillo, Spanish nobleman (approximate date)


text: Ibn Butlan, Arab Nestorian Christian physician (d. 1075)


text: Isaac ibn Ghiyyat, Jewish rabbi and philosopher (d. 1089)


date: March 28

text: March 28 – Hai Gaon, Jewish theologian (b. 939)


date: March

text: March – William VI, Duke of Aquitaine, French nobleman (b. 1004)


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia


date: May 4

text: May 4 – Gotthard, bishop of Hildesheim (b. 960)


date: May 22

text: May 22 – Shibl al-Dawla Nasr, Mirdasid emir of Aleppo


date: July 6

text: July 6 – Ōnakatomi no Sukechika, Japanese poet (b. 954)


date: July 18

text: July 18 – Gunhilda of Denmark, queen consort of Germany


date: July

text: July – Herman IV, duke of Swabia (House of Babenberg)


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Stephen I, king of Hungary


text: August 15 – On the death of his uncle, Stephen I, Peter Orseolo becomes the second ruler of Hungary.


date: November 1

text: November 1 – Herman I, Margrave of Meissen, German nobleman


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Emma of Lesum, German noblewoman


date: December 20

text: December 20 – Beorhtheah, bishop of Worcester


text: Felix of Rhuys, Breton Benedictine abbot


text: Duke Casimir I the Restorer returns to Poland, and makes great efforts to rebuild the war-ruined country. He establishes his residence at Kraków (which becomes Poland's capital until 1596).


text: The Banu Tujib clan is deposed by Al-Mustain I, who starts the Banu Hud (Huddid dynasty), which rules over the Taifa of Zaragoza for almost a century.


text: The Abbey of Bec is founded at Le Bec-Hellouin in Normandy (modern France).


text: Helibo, Chinese nobleman and chieftain (d. 1092)


text: Su Zhe, Chinese politician and historian (d. 1112)


text: Sancho IV, king of Pamplona (approximate date)


text: Vseslav of Polotsk, Kievan prince (approximate date)


text: Robert de Stafford, Norman nobleman (approximate date)


text: Minamoto no Yoshiie, Japanese samurai (d. 1106)


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Odo of Gascony (or Eudes), French nobleman


date: April 16

text: April 16 – William III, count of Weimar and Eichsfeld


date: May 27

text: May 27 – Dirk III (or Theodoric), count of Holland


date: June 4

text: June 4 – Conrad II ("the Elder"), Holy Roman Emperor


text: June 4 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, ("the Elder") dies of gout in Utrecht after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his 21-year-old son, Henry III ("the Black"), who also becomes king of Italy and Burgundy.


date: July 20

text: July 20 – Conrad II ("the Younger"), duke of Carinthia


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Fujiwara no Genshi, empress of Japan (b. 1016)


date: November 4

text: November 4 – Hugh of Chalon, French bishop


date: November 29

text: November 29 – Adalbero, German nobleman


text: Nathar Shah, Tamil mystic and preacher (b. 969)


text: Regimbald, German abbot and bishop


text: Unsuri, Persian poet and writer (or 1040)


text: Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, prince of Gwynedd


text: Sophia I, German princess and abbess (b. 975)


text: Apollodorus of Damascus builds a stone bridge over the Danube more than 1,000 m ft long, almost 20 m ft high and 15 m ft wide. The bridge connects what is now Serbia with Romania (at the time known as Dacia).


text: Trajan gives the order to have the Alcántara Bridge, constructed by the architect Lacer, built over the Tagus River at Alcántara (Hispania).


text: Nijmegen is renamed Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum.


text: In India, figures of Buddha replace abstract motifs on decorative items.


text: Pliny the Younger continues as a member of the College of Augurs (103–104).


text: Chen Shi, Chinese politician and official (d. 187)


text: Gaius Appuleius Diocles, Roman charioteer


date: June 17

text: June 17 – Harthacnut lands at Sandwich and reclaims the throne of England which had been taken by Harald Harefoot in 1035.

source_section: Events › By place › Britain


date: May 23

text: May 23 – Battle of Dandanaqan: The Turkmen Seljuqs defeat the Ghaznavid forces (50,000 men) led by Sultan Masʽud I at Dandanaqan, a fortress city in the desert near Merv. Ghaznavid commanders Ali Daya and Begtoghdi are blamed for the defeat and executed.

source_section: Events › By place › Islamic world


date: August 14

text: August 14 – King Duncan is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth, who succeeds him as king of Scotland.


date: August 22

text: August 22–23 – Battle at Brůdek: Duke Bretislav I of Bohemia defeats the German forces under King Henry III ("the Black") in the Bohemian Forest.


text: Peter Delyan leads a rebellion against the Byzantine Empire and is proclaimed by the Bulgarian nobles as emperor (tsar) Peter II in Belgrade.


text: Weihenstephan Abbey (Kloster Weihenstephan) in Germany, founds the oldest operating brewery.


text: The Shalu Monastery is founded by the Buddhist monk Chetsun Sherab Jungnay in Tibet.


text: The Emirate of Sicily is divided and fragmented into small fiefdoms. The Arab nobles of Palermo restore the regime of the Kalbids (approximate date).


text: Spring – Nikephoros Dokeianos, Byzantine governor of the Catepanate of Italy, is murdered by Lombard rebels at Ascoli. He is replaced by Michael Dokeianos, who arrives in November with a Varangian army.


date: February 22

text: February 22 – Rashi, French rabbi and writer (d. 1105)


date: July 12

text: July 12 – Yun Kwan, Korean general (d. 1111)


text: Géza I (Magnus), king of Hungary (approximate date)


text: Ibn Aqil, Persian theologian and jurist (d. 1119) (approximate date)


text: Ernulf, French Benedictine monk and bishop (d. 1124)


text: Sikelgaita, Lombard duchess of Apulia (d. 1090)


text: Bonfilius, bishop of Foligno (approximate date)


text: Ivo of Chartres, French bishop (approximate date)


text: Alan Rufus, Norman nobleman (approximate date)


text: Xiao Guanyin, Chinese empress consort of the Liao dynasty (d. 1075)


text: Oddone Frangipane, Italian monk and hermit (d. 1127)


text: Harald III, king of Denmark (approximate date)


text: Zayn al-Din Gorgani, Persian physician (d. 1136) (approximate date)


text: Blessed Gerard, founder of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1120) (approximate date)


date: January 17

text: January 17 – Masʽud I, Ghaznavid sultan (b. 998)


date: March 3

text: March 3 – Cunigunde, Holy Roman Empress


date: March 17

text: March 17 – Harold Harefoot, king of England


text: March 17 – King Harold Harefoot dies at Oxford at the age of 24. His illegitimate son Ælfwine Haroldsson is left in the care of his grandmother, Ælfgifu of Northampton.


date: May 29

text: May 29 – Renauld I, French nobleman


date: June 21

text: June 21 – Fulk III of Anjou, French nobleman (b. 970)


text: August 14 – Duncan I, king of Scotland


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Alan III, duke of Brittany (b. 997)


text: Yeshe-Ö, Tibetan lama-king (approximate date)


text: Abu Hashim al-Hasan, Zaidi imam and ruler of Jemen


text: Ibn al-Haytham, Arab astronomer (approximate date)


text: Hugh I, count of Empúries and Peralada


text: Bertha of Milan, Lombard duchess (approximate date)


text: Helias of Cologne, Irish abbot and musician


text: King Harthacnut invites his half-brother Edward the Confessor to return to England from exile in Normandy as his heir as king of England, with the support of Godwin, Earl of Wessex.


text: March 17 – Battle of Olivento: Norman troops and their Lombard allies, led by William Iron Arm, are victorious against the Byzantines at the feet of the Monte Vulture, near the River Olivento in Apulia.


date: May 4

text: May 4 – Battle of Montemaggiore: Lombard-Norman rebel forces, led by William, are again victorious, and defeat a Byzantine army (18,000 men) on the hill of Montemaggiore, near the River Ofanto.


date: September 3

text: September 3 – Battle of Montepeloso: Lombard-Norman rebel forces, led by William, defeat the Byzantines at Montepeloso. During the battle, Boioannes, governor of the Catepanate of Italy, is captured.


date: September

text: September – Peter, King of Hungary is deposed by a palace coup. The Hungarian magnates elect Samuel Aba as their king.


text: The Zirid dynasty rejects Shi'ite obedience and Fatimid domination, and recognizes the Abbasids as their overlords.


text: Winter – Battle of Ostrovo: The Byzantines, with the help of the Varangian Guard, led by Harald Hardrada (future king of Norway), defeat the Bulgarian troops, near Lake Ostrovo in Greece.


text: The city of Worcester rebels against the naval taxes of Harthacnut. He reduces the navy from 60 to 32 ships.


text: At about this time, the number of enlisted soldiers in the Song dynasty Chinese military reaches well over 1,250,000 troops, an increase since 1022, when there were a million soldiers.


text: Ōe no Masafusa, Japanese poet (d. 1111)


text: Raymond IV of Toulouse (Raymond of Saint-Gilles), French nobleman (d. 1105) (approximate date)


date: February 4

text: February 4 – Fujiwara no Kintō, Japanese poet (b. 966)


text: September – Budo, Hungarian courtier


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian dies after a 6-year reign. His wife, Empress Zoë, elevates (on the advice of her lover John the Orphanotrophos) her adoptive son to the throne of the Byzantine Empire, as Michael V Kalaphates. Shortly after, Michael comes into conflict with his uncle John, and banishes him to a monastery.


text: December 10 – Michael IV the Paphlagonian, Byzantine emperor (b. 1010)


text: Tancred of Hauteville, Norman nobleman (b. 980)


text: Akazome Emon, Japanese waka poet (approximate date)


text: Peter Delyan, Bulgarian rebel leader and ruler (tsar)


text: Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar, Buyid emir


text: Vikramabahu, Prince of Ruhuna (or Kassapa), ruler of Sri Lanka (b. 1017)


text: Mac Beathaidh mac Ainmire, Irish poet and Chief Ollam


text: Adolf II of Lotharingia, German nobleman (b. 1002)


text: Muhammad of Ghazni, sultan of the Ghaznavids (b. 998)


text: Gangeyadeva, Indian ruler of the Kalachuris of Tripuri


text: Sampiro, Spanish bishop, politician and intellectual


text: Zoë recalls Synodianos, governor of the Catepanate of Italy, and replaces him with George Maniakes (the disgraced head of the Sicilian campaign). All of Apulia is in the hands of the Lombard rebels.


text: George Maniakes revolts against Constantine IX and is declared emperor by his troops. He captures Pardos who has landed with an army at Otranto to take over his command.


text: Duklja secures its independence from the Byzantine Empire.


text: Casimir I, duke of Poland, succeeds in reuniting the realm which earns him the name "the Restorer". He signs a treaty with Bretislav I, duke of Bohemia, at Regensburg.


date: June 11

text: June 11 – Zoë marries her third husband, a Byzantine bureaucrat who ascends as co-emperor Constantine IX at Constantinople. Theodora agrees to surrender her co-emperorship.


text: Harald Hardrada, leader of the Varangian Guard in the Byzantine Empire, returns to Norway, possibly because of his involvement in Maniakes' revolt.


text: Finnish–Novgorodian War: Grand Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich wages a campaign against the Tavastians (yem).


text: The Almoravids, led by Abdallah ibn Yasin, invade Morocco (approximate date).


text: Byzantine–Arab War: The Byzantines reconquer the fortress city of Edessa (modern Turkey), returning it to Christian hands, after 400 years of Islamic rule (approximate date).


text: Autumn – Norman mercenaries assemble at Matera and decide to elect William Iron Arm as count of Melfi and leader of the Normans in Southern Italy.


date: April 20

text: April 20 – Zoë is proclaimed as empress at an assembly in Hagia Sophia, along with her sister Theodora, as co-ruler. Michael V flees to the monastery of Stoudios, but is arrested, blinded and castrated.


date: April 19

text: April 19 – Emperor Michael V Kalaphates banishes his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoë, for plotting to poison him, to the island of Principo. His announcement as sole emperor leads to a popular revolt.


text: Summer – George Maniakes goes on a march through Apulia, plundering the towns that have declared for the Lombard rebels. Constantine IX recalls Maniakes to Constantinople.


text: Johannes of Jerusalem, French monk and abbot (d. 1119)


text: Gissur Ísleifsson, Icelandic clergyman and bishop (d. 1118)


text: Bolesław II the Generous, king of Poland (approximate date)


text: Canute IV ("the Holy"), king of Denmark (approximate date)


text: Sancho V, king of Aragon and Pamplona (d. 1094)


text: Fujiwara no Morozane, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1101)


text: Minamoto no Yoshitsuna, Japanese samurai (d. 1134)


text: Louis the Springer, German nobleman (d. 1123)


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Abbad I dies after a 19-year reign as independent ruler of the Taifa of Seville in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). He is succeeded by his son Abbad II (until 1069).


text: January 25 – Abbad I, founder of the Abbadid Dynasty (b. 984)


date: June 8

text: June 8 – Harthacnut, king of Denmark and England


text: June 8 – King Harthacnut collapses and dies while attending a party. His half-brother Edward the Confessor becomes king of England.


text: June 8 – Magnus the Good becomes king of Denmark after the death of Harthacnut. Despite a claim to the throne by Sweyn II, Magnus takes control of Denmark.


date: August 24

text: August 24 – Michael V Kalaphates, Byzantine emperor


text: Anushtakin al-Dizbari, Fatimid governor of Aleppo


text: Pardos, Byzantine governor (catepan) of Italy


text: The first king of the Kingdom of Nri, Eze Nri Ìfikuánim, is installed in West Africa.


text: Rus'–Byzantine War: A Kievan Rus' naval raid, led by Grand Prince Vladimir Yaraslavich, unsuccessfully attacks Constantinople. A 6,000-strong Kievan contingent under Vyshata is also defeated and deported to the capital.


text: The Seljuqs under Tughril Beg expel the Oghuz Turks from Khorasan and conquer Qazvin (modern Iran). They become the new masters of the Ziyarid dynasty (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › Arabian Empire


date: April 3

text: April 3 – Edward the Confessor is crowned king of England at Winchester Cathedral. He learns that his mother, Queen Emma of Normandy is plotting with Magnus the Good to take control of the English throne. Edward strips her land and treasure, but she is allowed to stay in England.


text: Spring – A grand assembly at Melfi, with all the Norman and Lombard nobles acclaim Guaimar IV, duke of Apulia and Calabria. The territories are divided into 12 fiefdoms and distributed among Norman chieftains. William Iron Arm is granted Ascoli as a private fiefdom and his brother Drogo of Hauteville is granted Venosa. Count Rainulf II of Aversa, not present at the assembly, receives Siponto and recognizes Guaimar's suzerainty.