text: At the Battle of Saguntum the republican forces on the Iberian Peninsula and the Sertorian rebels fight each other to a draw. Quintus Sertorius is forced to withdraw leaving the battlefield to Pompey and Metellus (the republican commanders).


year_label: 75 BCE

section: Conflict & Security

text: In the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior a republican army under Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius defeats an army of Sertorian rebels at the Battle of Italica.

source_title: 75 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Republic


text: Nicomedes IV of Bithynia bequeaths his kingdom to Rome on his death (75/4 BC). Angered by the arrangement, Mithridates VI of Pontus declares war on Rome and invades Bithynia, Cappadocia and Paphlagonia, thus starting the Third Mithridatic War.


text: In the Roman province of Hispania Citerior an army of Sertorian rebels under Quintus Sertorius himself defeats a republican army under Pompey the Great at the Battle of Sucro.


text: In the Roman province of Hispania Citerior a republican army under Pompey the Great defeats an army of Sertorian rebels at the Battle of Valentia.


section: Exploration & Expansion

text: Cicero is quaestor in Western Sicily.


text: Julius Caesar travels to Rhodes and is taken captive by pirates


section: Religion & Belief

text: Start of Golden Age of Latin Literature.

source_section: Events › By topic › Literature


section: Health & Medicine

text: In Rome, the tribune Quintus Opimius speaks out against Sullan restrictions on the tribunate, in orations noted for sarcasm against conservatives.


section: Crime & Justice

text: Julius Caesar travels to Rhodes to study under Apollonius Molon. On his way across the Aegean Sea, he is kidnapped by Cilician pirates and held prisoner in the Dodecanese islet of Pharmacusa. The young Caesar is held for a ransom of twenty talents, but he insists they ask for fifty. After his release Caesar raises a fleet at Miletus, pursues and crucifies the pirates in Pergamon.

source_section: Events › By place › Greece


section: Births

text: Yuan of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. 33 BC)

source_section: Births


text: Gaius Asinius Pollio, Roman politician and poet (d. AD 4)


text: Calpurnia, Roman noblewoman and wife of Julius Caesar


section: Deaths

text: Gaius Herennius, tribune of the plebs in 80 BC and legate to Quintus Sertorius during the Sertorian War, killed at the Battle of Valentia.

source_section: Deaths


text: Lucius Hirtuleius, right-hand-man of Quintus Sertorius during the Sertorian War, killed at the Battle of Saguntum.


text: Gaius Memmius, brother-in-law of Pompey the Great, died at the Battle of Saguntum.


year_label: 745 BCE

text: 745 BC – Suggested date for the death of King Shallum of the ancient Kingdom of Israel

source_title: 740s BC


year_label: 746 BCE

text: 746 BC – Marquis Wen of Jin, eleventh ruler of the Chinese state of Jin


text: 746 BC – Jeroboam II, thirteenth king of the Kingdom of Israel


year_label: 76 BCE

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: The Third Dalmatian war ends with the capture of Salona by proconsul Gaius Cosconius and the victory of Rome.

source_title: 76 BC


text: On the Iberian Peninsula, in the Roman province of Hispania Citerior, the rebel forces of Quintus Sertorius defeat the republican army of Pompey the Great at the Battle of Lauron.


text: Salome Alexandra becomes queen of Judea, after the death of her husband, Alexander Jannaeus, until 67 BC.

source_section: Events › By place › Judea


text: Alexander Jannaeus, king and high priest of Judea


text: Hyrcanus II becomes high priest of Jerusalem for the first time, on the death of his father, Alexander Jannaeus, until 66 BC.


year_label: 752 BCE

text: 752 BC—Alara of Nubia, king of Kush.

source_title: 750s BC


text: 752 BC—Zechariah of Israel, king of the northern Israelite Kingdom of Israel, and son of Jeroboam II.


year_label: 755 BCE

text: 755 BC—Aeschylus, eponymous archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon.


year_label: 757 BCE

text: 757 BC—Birth of Duke Zhuang of Zheng


year_label: 759 BCE

text: 759 BC—Alexander, king of Corinth, was killed by his successor Telestes.


year_label: 77 BCE

text: Pompeius marches along the Via Domitia through Gallia Narbonensis crossing the Pyrenees to Spain. He joins with Quintus Metellus Pius to suppress the revolt of Quintus Sertorius, but is at first unsuccessful.

source_title: 77 BC


section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: The city of Tigranakert of Artsakh is built.

source_section: Events › By place › Armenia


text: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman proconsul of Transalpine Gaul and leader of the Populares faction in the senate, is defeated by Quintus Lutatius Catulus at the Milvian bridge outside Rome. The remnants of the rebels are wiped out by Pompey in Etruria.


text: Liu Xiang, Chinese scholar, editor of the Shan Hai Jing, compilator of the Lienü zhuan, and father of Liu Xin (d. 6 BC)


text: Berenice IV Epiphaneia, Greek princess and queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom (d. 55 BC)


text: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman statesman and consul (b. 120 BC)


text: Titus Quinctius Atta, Roman comedy writer


text: Lepidus, with some 21,000 troops, manages to escape to Sardinia. Soon afterwards he becomes ill and dies, his battered army, now under command by Marcus Perperna Vento, sails on to the Iberian Peninsula.


text: Tian Qianqiu, Chinese politician and prime minister


text: Vattagamani Abhaya, king of Sri Lanka


year_label: 78 BCE

text: Julius Caesar returns to Rome after about two years of service in the army

source_title: 78 BC


text: The Third Dalmatian war begins.


text: In Rome, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus becomes consul. He attempts to undermine the Sullan reforms, quarrels with his consular colleague, is sent to govern Transalpine Gaul, and initiates a rebellion against the Senate with his army there.


text: The Tabularium is built in the Forum.


text: The Senate sends Publius Servilius Vatia to Cilicia as governor, where he fights a successful campaign against the Piracy in southern Anatolia (Lycia, Pamphylia and Isauria), he is thereafter known by the agnomen Isauricus.


text: Jing Fang, Chinese mathematician and music theorist (d. 37 BC)


text: Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Roman general and statesman (b. 138 BC)


year_label: 771 BCE

text: 771 BC—Traditional birth date of Romulus and Remus, Romulus as the traditional founder of Rome (according to Plutarch, possibly mythical).

source_title: 770s BC


text: 771 BC—King You of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.


year_label: 79 BCE

text: Sulla renounces his dictatorship.

source_title: 79 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Roman republic


text: Cicero travels to Athens and then to Rhodes to continue his studies of philosophy and oratory.


year_label: 781 BCE

text: 781 BC—King You of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.

source_title: 780s BC

source_section: Events and trends


section: Science & Discovery

text: 781 BC—Some say the oldest date-verified Chinese recording of a Solar Eclipse happened on June 4th of this year, but others argue that it was in 735 BC.


year_label: 782 BCE

text: 782 BC—Founding of Erebuni Fortress by the orders of King Argishtis I of Urartu at the site of current-day Yerevan, Armenia


text: 782 BC—Death of King Xuan of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.


year_label: 783 BCE

text: 783 BC—Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria.


year_label: 80 BCE

text: Alexandria comes under Roman jurisdiction.

source_title: 80 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Egypt


text: Ptolemy XII Auletes succeeds Ptolemy XI Alexander II to the throne of Egypt.


text: Battle of the Baetis River: A force of Populares exiles under Sertorius defeat the legal Roman army of Lucius Fulfidias in Hispania, starting the Sertorian War; Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius takes command on behalf of Sulla.


text: Quintus Sertorius re-enters Iberia with a tiny army (2,600 men) and opens a successful campaign against the Sullan forces.


text: Pompeii becomes the Roman colony Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompei when Sulla occupies the city with at least 4,000 soldier-colonizers.


text: Ptolemy XI marries Berenice III, but murders his bride for unknown reasons.


text: Roman artists begin to extend the space of a room visually with painted scenes of figures on a shallow stage or with a landscape or cityscape.

source_section: Events › By topic › Art


section: Culture & Society

text: Meleager publishes his Garland, the earliest known anthology of Greek poetry.


text: Scribonia, wife to the Roman Emperor Augustus (approximate date) (d. AD 16)


text: Caecilia Metella Dalmatica, daughter of Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus (approximate date)


text: Berenice III, queen regnant of Egypt (b. 120 BC)


text: Shangguan Jie, Chinese politician of the Han dynasty


text: Princess Eyi, Han Chinese princess


text: Ptolemy XI Alexander II, king (pharaoh) of Egypt


text: Sang Hongyang, Chinese politician of the Han dynasty


text: Lucius Cornelius Chrysogonus, Greek freedman


year_label: 800 BCE

text: 800 BC—Xiong Xun, monarch of the state of Chu during the Western Zhou dynasty of ancient China.

source_title: 800s BC (decade)


text: c. 800 BC—Hasanlu Lovers, pair of human remains found at Teppe Hasanlu, possibly a couple.


year_label: 9 BCE

text: Pannonia is incorporated into the Roman Empire as a part of Illyria.

source_title: 0s BC

source_section: Events › 9 BC › Roman Empire


date: January 30

text: January 30 – The Ara Pacis ("Altar of Augustan Peace"), which was voted for by the Senate four years earlier, is dedicated.


text: Aretas IV Philopatris ascended to become the King of the Nabataeans (modern Jordan).

source_section: Events › 9 BC › Arabia


text: c. 9 BC: Livy completes compilation of his Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 142 books covering the history of Rome since its foundation to the present.

source_section: Events › Year unknown › Roman Empire


text: Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Roman historian (d. AD 76)

source_section: Births › 9 BC


text: Ping, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (d. AD 6)


text: Nero Claudius Drusus, son of Livia and stepson of Augustus (b. 38 BC)

source_section: Deaths › 9 BC


text: Nero Claudius Drusus, Emperor Augustus' stepson, begins a campaign against the Marcomanni, but dies soon after, due to a fall from his horse.


year_label: 81 BCE

text: Sulla is appointed dictator, executes his political enemies in a series of proscriptions, and implements aristocratic reforms to the Roman government.

source_title: 81 BC


text: Sang Hongyang and 60 Confucian scholars debate over the state monopoly of Iron and Salt.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: The Second Mithridatic War ends with the status quo.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Republic


text: Ptolemy IX Lathyros, king of Ptolemaic Egypt


text: Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman politician


text: Artaxias I (or Arshak), king of Iberia (Georgia)


year_label: 804 BCE

text: 804 BC—Duke Wen of Qi, ruler of the state of Qi


year_label: 82 BCE

text: Burebista unifies the Dacian population forming the first (and biggest) unified Dacian Kingdom, on the territory of modern Romania and surroundings. 82 BC is also the starting year of his reign.

source_title: 82 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Dacia


date: April

text: April: Sulla defeats the consul Gaius Marius the Younger at the Battle of Sacriportus, and takes control of Rome.


date: November 1

text: November 1: Sulla defeats an army of Samnites and Lucanians alliance in the Battle of the Colline Gate.


date: November 2

text: November 2: Sulla slaughters the Samnite prisoners in the Villa publica; the senate rejects his proscription plan.


text: Gaius Marius the Younger is besieged at the fortress city of Praeneste in Latium. After a fierce resistance, Marius commits suicide.


text: Lucius Licinius Murena launches a raid against Pontus in the Battle of Halys, starting the Second Mithridatic War.


text: Pompey is ordered by Sulla to stamp out Marian rebels in Sicily and Africa, after his campaigns in he gets the insulting nickname of adulescentulus carnifex, the "teenage butcher".


text: The Aurigid shower parent comet C/1911 N1 (Kiess) returns to the inner solar system and sheds the dust particles that one revolution later cause the 1935, 1986, 1994, and 2007 Aurigid meteor outbursts on Earth.

source_section: Events › By topic › Astronomy


date: November 3

text: November 3: Sulla passes his proscription through a popular assembly; he publishes a list of 520 senators and equites to be murdered on sight.


date: May 28

text: May 28 – Licinius Macer Calvus, Roman orator and poet (d. c. 47 BC)

source_section: Births


text: Varro Atacinus, Roman poet and writer (d. c. 35 BC)


text: Marcus Caelius Rufus, Roman orator and politician (d. c. 48 BC)


text: Vercingetorix, Gaul warrior and leader (d. 46 BC)


text: Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, Roman consul (murdered by order of Marius the Younger)

source_section: Deaths


text: Gaius Marius the Younger, Roman politician (commits suicide)


text: Gaius Carrinas, Roman politician and general (executed by order of Sulla)


text: Gaius Norbanus, Roman consul and governor (commits suicide)


text: Gaius Fabius Hadrianus, Roman politician and governor


text: Quintus Valerius Soranus, Roman politician and Latin poet (executed by order of Sulla)


text: Marcus Marius Gratidianus, Roman praetor and politician (executed by order of Sulla)


text: Gaius Marcius Censorinus, Roman politician and general (executed by order of Sulla)


text: Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Roman consul (executed by order of Sulla)


year_label: 83 BCE

text: Gnaeus Pompeius, age 22, raises, on his own initiative, a private army of three legions from his father's veterans and clientelae in Picenum.

source_title: 83 BC


text: Tigranes the Great, King of Armenia was invited by a faction in the Seleucid civil wars, entered Syria and effectively ended Seleucid rule. Though a weakened Seleucid monarchy was briefly restored after Roman victories, ongoing instability led Pompey to abolish the dynasty and annex Syria as a Roman province in 63 BC.

source_section: Events › By place › Syria


text: Spring – Lucius Cornelius Sulla returns to Italy from his campaigns in Greece and lands with his legions unopposed at Brundisium. He defeats the popular forces of Gaius Norbanus in the Battle of Mount Tifata.


text: Lucius Licinius Murena, the Roman governor of Asia, clashes with the Pontic forces of Mithridates VI, starting the Second Mithridatic War.


section: Disasters & Accidents

text: A fire breaks out which burns down the Temple of Jupiter (Jupiter Capitolinus) and destroys the collection of Sibylline Books.


text: Two new buildings were completed on the Capitoline Hill in Rome: the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and the Tabularium.


text: Mark Antony, Roman politician and General (who later married Cleopatra) (approximate date) (d. 30 BC)


text: Fulvia, Roman matron and wife of Mark Antony (approximate date)


text: Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar and Cornelia


text: Philip I Philadelphus, Seleucid king (approximate date)


year_label: 84 BCE

text: Battle of Cana: The Arab Nabataean Kingdom decisively defeats the Greek Seleucid Empire, slaying King Antiochus XII Dionysus, at modern-day Umm Qais in Jordan.

source_title: 84 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: The First Mithridatic War comes to an end.


text: Julius Caesar marries Cornelia


text: Catullus, Roman poet (approximate date) (d. c. 54 BC)


text: Surena, Parthian general (d. 53 BC)


text: Servilius Casca, Roman politician (d. c. 42 BC)


text: Antiochus XII Dionysus, king of the Seleucid Empire (killed in battle)


text: Gaius Flavius Fimbria, Roman politician and general (suicide)


text: Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Roman consul (killed by mutinying troops)


text: Apellicon of Teos, Greek book collector (approximate date)


year_label: 85 BCE

text: First Mithridatic War: Lucius Cornelius Sulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive Battle of Orchomenus.

source_title: 85 BC


text: Tiberius Claudius Nero, Roman politician and father of Tiberius (d. 33 BC)


text: Atia, niece of Julius Caesar and mother of Augustus (d. 43 BC)


text: Marcus Junius Brutus, conspirator and assassin in the murder of Julius Caesar (approximate date)


text: Mnesarchus of Athens, Stoic philosopher (b. c. 160 BC)


text: Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman politician (b. c. 140 BC)


year_label: 841 BCE

text: 841 BC—Baal-Eser II, king of Tyre.

source_title: 840s BC


text: 841 BC—Marquis Jing of Jin, the sixth ruler of the state of Jin.


year_label: 845 BCE

text: 845 BC—Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron.


year_label: 849 BCE

text: 849 BC—Elijah, ascends to heaven in a whirlwind.


year_label: 86 BCE

date: March 1

text: March 1 – Siege of Athens (87–86 BC) ends when Sulla captures Athens from the Pontic army, removing the tyrant Aristion.

source_title: 86 BC


text: Lucius Licinius Lucullus decisively defeats the Mithridatic fleet in the Battle of Tenedos.


text: The Dardani ally with Pontus and are defeated by Sulla soon after.


text: The Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the Battle of Chaeronea.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Sallust, Roman historian (d. 34 BC)


text: Fausta Cornelia, twin sister of Faustus Cornelius Sulla, wife of Gaius Memmius and later of Titus Annius Milo


text: Faustus Cornelius Sulla, Roman senator, son of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla (d. 46 BC)


date: January 13

text: January 13 – Gaius Marius, Roman general and politician (b. c. 157 BC)


text: March 1 – Aristion, Greek philosopher and tyrant


text: Jin Midi, Chinese politician and co-regent (b. 134 BC)


text: Sima Qian, Chinese historian (b. 145 BC)


year_label: 87 BCE

text: Gnaeus Octavius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna are inaugurated as consuls. With Cinna seeking to enrol the Italians into all the tribes per vim, he is expelled from the city by Octavius and replaced as consul by Lucius Merula. Mobilising against the regime at Rome, Cinna marches on the city, occupies it with the support of Gaius Marius, and regains his consulship. In the aftermath Octavius is killed, Merula is forced to suicide.

source_title: 87 BC


text: First Mithridatic War: Siege of Athens (87–86 BC) – Sulla arrives in Greece and from Autumn besieges Athens. He orders Lucius Licinius Lucullus to raise a fleet from Rome's allies around the eastern Mediterranean.


text: Antikythera mechanism manufactured.

source_section: Events › By topic › Technology


text: Halley's Comet makes its third confirmed apparition, recorded by Babylonian scribes as being visible in the sky "day beyond day" for about one month.


date: March 30

text: March 30 – The eight-year-old Liu Fuling becomes emperor, with Huo Guang General-in-Chief and regent.


text: Lucius Munatius Plancus, Roman consul (approximate date)


date: March 29

text: March 29 – Han Wudi, emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 157 BC)


text: March 29 – Emperor Wu of Han dies after a 54-year reign in which he leads the Han dynasty (China) through its greatest expansion. The Empire's borders span from modern Kyrgyzstan in the west, to Mongolia in the north, to Korea in the east, and to northern Vietnam in the south.


text: Lucius Cornelius Merula, Roman politician and priest


text: Quintus Ancharius, Roman politician (executed by order of Marius and Cinna)


text: Publius Licinius Crassus, Roman consul and censor (killed by Marians invading Rome)


text: Marcus Antonius, Roman consul (executed by order of Marius and Cinna)


text: Gotarzes I, ruler (shah) of the Parthian Empire


text: Gaius Julius Caesar Strabo, Roman politician


text: Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Roman general and politician


text: Apollodorus of Artemita, Greek writer


text: Gaius Atilius Serranus, Roman consul and senator


text: Lucius Julius Caesar, Roman consul (killed by partisans of Gaius Marius)


year_label: 88 BCE

text: Emperor Wu of Han makes preparations for the six-year-old Liu Fuling to be made Crown Prince and establishes Huo Guang as the future regent. The emperor executes Fuling's mother Lady Gouyi so that she cannot dominate the state while Fuling is a child emperor.

source_title: 88 BC


date: May

text: May – King Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Greece. Defeating the Roman forces four times in succession, he conquers Bithynia, Phrygia, Mysia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Ionia and Cappadocia. The Roman province of Asia is dismantled. On the king's orders, the local authorities in every city of the province round up and put to death all resident Italians in a single day (App.Mith.§§85–91). Plutarch (Sulla 24.4) says that 150,000 are killed, other sources calculate a figure of 80,000 people.

source_section: Events › By place › Greece


text: The Social War ends with the defeat of the Italian allies by the Romans.


text: The Dardani, Scordisci, and the Maedi attack the Roman province of Macedonia.


date: August

text: August: The consul Lucius Cornelius Sulla becomes the first Roman commander to march on Rome with his army and to capture the city by force. This extraordinary act is prompted by his desire to maintain his proconsular command for the First Mithridatic War in Asia Minor. Sulla then murdered his enemy P. Sulpicius Rufus and forced Gaius Marius to flee to Africa.


text: Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman consul


text: Manius Aquillius, Roman consul and general


text: Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur, Roman consul


text: Publius Sulpicius Rufus, Roman tribune of the plebs, murdered by Sulla


text: Lady Gouyi, mother of Zhao of Han (b. 113)


text: Demetrius III Eucaerus, king of the Seleucid Empire


text: Quintus Poppaedius Silo, Italian tribe leader


text: Ptolemy X Alexander I, king (pharaoh) of Egypt


year_label: 877 BCE

text: 877 BC—Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism.

source_title: 870s BC


year_label: 879 BCE

text: 879 BC: Death of King Yi of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.

source_title: 9th century BC

source_section: Events › 870s BC


year_label: 89 BCE

text: Pompeii is annexed by the Roman Republic.

source_title: 89 BC


text: Lex Pompeia grants Latin rights to cities in Cisalpine Gaul.


text: Lex Plautia Papiria extends citizenship to all Italians who applied for it within 60 days. The new citizens are enrolled in eight designated tribes, to prevent domination of the assemblies.


text: Cicero ends his service in the Roman army.


text: Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Bithynia and Cappadocia, thus beginning the First Mithridatic War.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia Minor


text: Roman forces under Lucius Porcius Cato are defeated by the Italian rebels in the Battle of Fucine Lake, Cato is killed.


text: The Roman army of Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Battle of Asculum.


text: Consuls: Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Porcius Cato.


text: The former Han General-in-Chief Li Guangli, now the son-in-law of Hulugu Chanyu, is arrested and sacrificed to the gods to restore the health of Hulugu's mother.

source_section: Events › By place › Xiongnu


text: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman politician and general (d. 12 BC)


text: Empress Shangguan, wife to Emperor Zhao of Han (d. 37 BC)


text: Titus Didius, killed in battle during the Social War


text: Li Guangli, Chinese General-in-Chief (Han dynasty)


text: Aulus Sempronius Asellio, Roman praetor (murdered by creditors)


text: Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, Roman politician (b. c. 163 BC)


text: Lucius Porcius Cato, Roman politician and general


year_label: 884 BCE

text: 884 BC: Ashurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-Ninurta II as king of Assyria.

source_section: Events › 880s BC


year_label: 885 BCE

text: 885 BC: King Yi of Zhou, son of King Yih, is restored to the throne.


text: 885 BC: Takelot I succeeds Soshenq II as king of Egypt.


year_label: 887 BCE

text: 887 BC—Soshenq II succeeds Osorkon I as king of Egypt.

source_title: 880s BC

source_section: Events


year_label: 90 BCE

text: The Lex Iulia grants citizenship to all Italians who did not oppose Rome during the Social War.

source_title: 90 BC


text: The Etruscans are granted Roman citizenship.


text: Consuls: Lucius Julius Caesar and Publius Rutilius Lupus.


text: Wishing to please the emperor, Li Guangli and his 70,000 men penetrate as far as the Selenga River. A detachment crosses the river and defeats an army of 20,000 under the Xiongnu Left General-in-Chief, who is killed. However, Li Guangli is then defeated by Hulugu Chanyu's army of 50,000 in the Khangai Mountains and surrenders. Li Guangli marries Hulugu's daughter, and Emperor Wu exterminates Li's clan.


text: Nicomedes IV of Bithynia is defeated in battle by a coalition of Nicomedes' brother Socrates, and Mithridates VI of Pontus. Nicomedes flees to Rome.


text: Corfinium in south-central Italy is the center of a rebellion against Rome.


text: Cicero starts to serve in the Roman army.


text: Social War continues: Pompeius Strabo and Gaius Marius distinguish themselves.


text: Arshak I becomes king of Caucasian Iberia after overthrowing Farnadjom.


text: The Xiongnu invade the Prefectures of Wuyuan and Jiuquan and kill the commandants of both Prefectures.


text: Emperor Wu of Han sends three armies against the Xiongnu under General-in-Chief Li Guangli, Ma Tong and Shang Qiucheng, marching from Wuyuan, Jiuqian and Xihe respectively. An army of Central Asian vassals of Han, under Cheng Mian, captures the king of the vassal state of Jushi, who is suspected of treachery. The Xiongnu General-in-Chief and the former Han general Li Ling fight indecisively against Shang's army.


text: Li Guangli and his in-law Prime Minister Liu Qumao seek to recommend Liu Bo, Li Guangli's nephew, as the new Crown Prince, and while Li Guangli is on campaign, Liu Qumao and his wife are executed and Li Guangli's wife imprisoned, having been charged with cursing the emperor and seeking to replace him with Liu Bo.


text: Aulus Hirtius, Roman politician and historian (d. 43 BC)


text: Diodorus Siculus, Greek historian (approximate date)


text: Pasherienptah III, Egyptian high priest (d. 41 BC)


text: Dionysios Trax, Greek grammarian (b. 170 BC)


text: Pharnajom, king of Iberia (modern Georgia)


text: Li Yannian, Chinese musician (executed by Wu of Han)


text: Antiochus X Eusebes, Seleucid king (approximate date)


year_label: 891 BCE

text: 891 BC — Tukulti-Ninurta II succeeds his father Adad-nirari II as king of Assyria.

source_title: 890s BC

source_section: Events and trends


year_label: 892 BCE

text: 892 BC — King Xiao of Zhou overthrows King Yih of Zhou and takes the throne.


text: 892 BC — Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus.


year_label: 899 BCE

text: 899 BC — The first year of King Yih of Zhou's reign is marked by a solar eclipse.


year_label: 10 BCE

text: A Roman military camp is established at Speyer (Germany).

source_title: 10 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: The Obelisk of Montecitorio is brought from Egypt to Rome by Emperor Augustus to be erected as a sundial gnomon of the Solarium Augusti. It is now in the Piazza Montecitorio.


text: The Romans build a bridge across the Rhine near Bonn (approximate date).


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Claudius, Roman emperor (d. AD 54)


text: Antonia Tryphaena, Thracian princess


text: Thusnelda, Germanic noblewoman (approximate date)


text: Tryphon, Greek grammarian (b. c. 60 BC)


text: Amanirenas, queen regnant of the Kingdom of Kush (approximate date).


year_label: 91 BCE

text: Consuls: Sextus Julius Caesar and Lucius Marcius Philippus.

source_title: 91 BC


date: September

text: September - The Xiongnu invade the prefectures of Shanggu and Wuyuan.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: The tribune Marcus Livius Drusus proposes extending Roman citizenship to allied Italian cities, but is assassinated, leading to the Social War.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Republic


text: Xuan of Han, emperor of the Han dynasty (d. 49 BC)


text: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Roman politician


text: Wei Zifu, empress of the Han dynasty


text: Liu Ju, crown prince of the Han dynasty (b. 128 BC)


text: Marcus Livius Drusus, Roman politician


text: Lucius Licinius Crassus, Roman consul (b. 140 BC)


year_label: 92 BCE

text: In the first diplomatic contact between Rome and Parthia, Sulla meets with a Parthian envoy, resulting in the parties recognizing the Euphrates as a common frontier.

source_title: 92 BC


text: Gaius Sentius becomes Roman governor of Macedonia. He serves until 88 BC.


text: Sulla repulses Tigranes of Armenia from Cappadocia.


text: Consuls: Gaius Claudius Pulcher and Marcus Perperna.


section: Climate & Environment

text: 92 BC Levant earthquake, earthquake mentioned in catalogues of historical earthquakes. An earthquake and a tsunami reportedly affected areas of the Levant, including the modern states of Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, and Syria.

source_section: Events › By place › Levant


text: Publius Clodius Pulcher, Roman politician (d. 52 BC)


text: Antiochus XI Epiphanes, king of the Greek Seleucid Empire, drowned


year_label: 920 BCE

text: 920 BC — A transit of Venus occurs.

source_title: 920s BC


year_label: 93 BCE

text: Roman consuls: Gaius Valerius Flaccus and Marcus Herennius.

source_title: 93 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Roman republic


text: End of era Taishi of Emperor Wu of Han China.

source_section: Events › By place › East Asia


text: Antiochus XI, king of the Seleucid Empire

source_section: Deaths


year_label: 922 BCE

text: 922 BC — Phorbas, Archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Megacles.


year_label: 925 BCE

text: 925 BC — Military conquest of Canaan by Shoshenq I.


year_label: 928 BCE

text: 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together, and the northern part secedes to become the kingdom of Israel, making Jeroboam its king. Rehoboam is left to rule the kingdom of Judah.


year_label: 94 BCE

text: Consuls: Gaius Coelius Caldus and Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.

source_title: 94 BC


text: The Shakas start to control northwest India.

source_section: Events › By place › India


text: Lucius Cornelius Sulla is elected praetor urbanus.


text: Approximate date – Nicomedes IV succeeds his father Nicomedes III as king of Bithynia.

source_section: Events › By place › Anatolia


text: The first (failed) attempt to open a Latin rhetorical school.


text: Zhao of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 74 BC)

source_section: Births


year_label: 935 BCE

text: 935 BC—Tiglath-Pileser II, king of Assyria.

source_title: 930s BC


text: 935 BC—Zhou gong wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.


year_label: 95 BCE

text: Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios becomes king of Cappadocia with Roman backing.

source_title: 95 BC


text: Tigranes the Great becomes king of Armenia


text: Philip I Philadelphus and Antiochus XI Ephiphanes succeeded as co-rulers after the deposition of Seleucus VI Epiphanes.

source_section: Events › By place › Seleucid kingdom


text: "Forty-metre structure" at Emain Macha (near modern Armagh, Northern Ireland) was built and destroyed, presumably for ritual or ceremonial purposes.

source_section: Events › By place › Ireland


text: Consuls: Lucius Licinius Crassus and Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex

source_section: Events › By place › Rome


text: Clodia, daughter of Appius Claudius Pulcher


text: Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, Roman politician (d. 46 BC)


year_label: 947 BCE

text: 947 BC— Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou dynasty of China.

source_title: 940s BC


year_label: 96 BCE

text: Cyrene is left to the people of the Roman Republic by its ruler Ptolemy Apion.

source_title: 96 BC


text: Consuls: Gaius Cassius Longinus and Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus


text: Start of the Taishi era in the Han dynasty.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Galeria Copiola, Roman dancer d. 9 AD


text: Gongsun Ao, Chinese general of the Han dynasty


text: Ptolemy Apion, king of Cyrenaica (modern Libya)


text: Antiochus VIII Grypus, king of the Seleucid Empire


text: Seleucus VI Epiphanes becomes king of the Seleucid Empire following the death of his father Antiochus VIII Grypus, and defeating in battle Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.

source_section: Events › By place › Greece


text: Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, king of the Seleucid Empire


year_label: 957 BCE

text: 957 BC: Solomon completes the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem.

source_title: 10th century BC

source_section: Events


year_label: 959 BCE

text: 959 BC: Psusennes II succeeds Siamun as king of Egypt.


year_label: 97 BCE

text: L. Domitius takes harsh measures to restore order in Sicily.

source_title: 97 BC


text: The Romans subdue the Maedi and Dardani.


text: Sujin becomes emperor of Japan (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › Japan


text: Sulla displays a lion hunt for the first time in games at Rome.


text: Consuls: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus and Publius Licinius Crassus.


text: A decree of the Roman Senate bans human sacrifices.


text: The censors, Flaccus and Antonius, remove M. Duronius from the senate because of his opposition to sumptuary laws.


text: The Han generals Li Guangli, Gongsun Ao, Han Yue and Lu Bode lead armies into Xiongnu territory. The campaign achieves little, and Gongsun Ao suffers a defeat. Emperor Wu of Han condemns him to death due to his troops suffering heavy losses, but he escapes by feigning his death. He is eventually discovered and executed during the witchcraft trials of 91 BC.


text: Appius Claudius Pulcher, Roman consul (d. 49 BC)


text: C. Decianus, the prosecutor of Furius, is himself condemned for his remarks about the death of Saturninus.


text: Ariarathes VIII is forced out of Cappadocia by Mithridates, and dies soon afterwards.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia Minor


year_label: 962 BCE

text: 962 BC: Solomon becomes king of Israel, following the death of his father, King David. (traditional date)


year_label: 98 BCE

text: The Senate passes the Lex Caecilia Didia, which bans omnibus bills.

source_title: 98 BC


text: Emperor Wu of Han sends the Han general Gongsun Ao on a mission to rescue general Li Ling from Xiongnu captivity. Gongsun achieves little but receives incorrect information that Li has been training Xiongnu soldiers. Enraged, Emperor Wu exterminates Li's clan.


text: Consuls: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos and Titus Didius.


text: Nigidius Figulus, Roman philosopher (probable date) (d. 45 BC)


text: Terentia, first wife of Cicero (d. AD 4).


text: Emperor Kaika of Japan, according to legend.


year_label: 980 BCE

text: c. 980 BC — The kingdom of Dʿmt is founded in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia.

source_title: 980s BC

source_section: Events and trends


year_label: 99 BCE

text: Consuls: Aulus Postumius Albinus and Marcus Antonius.

source_title: 99 BC

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Republic


text: Lucretius, Latin prominent philosopher and poet (d. c. 55 BC)


year_label: 982 BCE

text: 982 BC — The end of first period (1197 BC–982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the I Ching and history.


year_label: 984 BCE

text: 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt.


year_label: 100 BCE

text: Tigranes II of Armenia is placed on the Armenian throne by the Parthians in exchange for the cession of "seventy valley" (approximate date).


text: Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, a tribune, passes a law to redistribute land to military veterans. The law requires that all senators swear to abide by it. Quintus Caecilus Metellus Numidicus refuses and is exiled. He goes to Rhodes to study philosophy.


text: Gandhara and Punjab are ruled by the Indo-Greek king Demetrius III Aniketos.


text: Han-Xiongnu War: the Han general Zhao Ponu escapes Xiongnu custody and returns to China.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: War of the Heavenly Horses: the Han expedition under Li Guangli returns victorious to China. He is followed by dynastic representatives sent by various Central Asian kings, so that they may pay tribute to Emperor Wu of Han. Emperor Wu keeps these representatives as hostages and sends soldiers to build pavilions and reclaim wasteland along the route to the west to provide food and shelter for Han envoys.


text: Olmec III period ends in Southeastern Mexico.

source_section: Events › By place › America


text: The deuterocanonical books of 1 and 2 Maccabees are written.

source_section: Events › By place › Judea


text: Consuls: Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Gaius Marius (Marius's sixth consulship).


text: The building of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy, is begun. The model of it is now kept at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Italy (approximate date).


text: Mural room in the Maya pyramid at San Bartolo, Guatemala, painted.


text: Manius Aquillius celebrates an ovation for victories in the Second Servile War.


text: Julius Caesar, Roman general and politician (d. 44 BC)


text: Titus Labienus, Caesar's chief lieutenant in the conquest of Gaul (d. 45 BC)


text: Theodosius of Bithynia, Greek astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 169 BC)

source_section: Deaths


text: Cornelia, mother of Tiberius Gracchus (b. c. 190 BC)


text: Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, Roman politician


text: Gaius Memmius, Roman politician


text: Gaius Servilius Glaucia, Roman politician


year_label: 1 BCE

text: Aulus Caecina Severus was appointed consul by Emperor Augustus, succeeding Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus and Lucius Calpurnius Piso.

source_title: 0s BC

source_section: Events › 1 BC › Roman Empire


text: In the Satavahana dynasty, Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni II.

source_section: Events › 1 BC › India


text: c. 1 BC: Natakamani succeeds Amanishakheto as the King of Kush.

source_section: Events › Year unknown › Kingdom of Kush


text: Zeionises, an Indo-Scythian satrap, begins his rule in the northern Indian subcontinent (r. c.10BC – AD10).


text: Former regent Dong Xian, who was previously Ai's lover, commits suicide with his wife.

source_section: Events › 1 BC › Han dynasty


text: The Roman theatre in Cartagena, which was built by Gaius and Lucius Caesar, finishes construction.


text: Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, (daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus) in an effort to gain prestige.


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Ai of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 27 BC)

source_section: Deaths › 1 BC


text: August 15 – Emperor Ai dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old cousin Ping, who is enthroned on October 17. Wang Mang is appointed regent by Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, his aunt.


text: Zhao Feiyan, Chinese empress and wife of Cheng of Han (b. 45 BC)


text: Xiaoai, Chinese empress and wife of Ai of Han


text: Dong Xian, Chinese politician and commander-in-chief (b. 23 BC)


year_label: 1 CE

text: AD 1 – Tiberius, under order of Emperor Augustus, quells revolts in Germania (AD 1–5).

source_section: Events › Roman Empire


text: AD 1 – Gaius Caesar meets with Phraates V, the king of Parthia, on the Euphrates. Rather than invading the Parthians, Gaius Caesar concludes peace with them; Parthia recognizes Roman claims to Armenia.


text: AD 1 – Confucius is given his first royal title (posthumous name) of Baocheng Xuan Ni Gong.

source_section: Events › China


text: AD 1 – Birth of Jesus, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar.


text: AD 1 – Seneca the Younger, Roman stoic philosopher born in Cordoba (d. AD 65)

source_section: Births


text: AD 1 – Sextus Afranius Burrus, Roman praetorian prefect (d. AD 62)


text: AD 1 – Izates II, King of Adiabene (d. AD 54)


text: AD 1 – Amanishakheto, queen of Kush (Nubia)


year_label: 10 CE

text: Senatus consultum Silanianum is adopted.

source_section: Events › 10 AD › Roman Empire


text: The usurper Wang Mang (who rules during a brief interregnum known as the Xin dynasty) outlaws the private purchase and use of crossbows. Despite this, Liu Xiu, the later Emperor Guangwu of Han, buys crossbows in the winter of AD 22 to aid the rebellion of his brother Liu Yan (styled Bosheng) and Li Tong.

source_section: Events › 10 AD › China


text: The Euthydemid dynasty, a Greek dynasty in Bactria, is brought to an end.

source_section: Events › 10 AD › Central Asia


text: Ovid completes Tristia III (the "Sorrows") describing the sadness of banishment.


text: Differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes of the Irminones.


text: Hero of Alexandria, Greek engineer (d. c. AD 70)

source_section: Births › 10 AD


text: Liu Penzi, Chinese puppet emperor (d. after AD 27)


text: Pope Linus, Pope in Catholic church (d. AD 76)


text: Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola, Roman consul (d. after AD 59)


text: Tigellinus, Roman Praetorian prefect (d. AD 69)


text: Hillel the Elder, Babylonian sage, scholar, and Jewish leader (b. c. 110 BC)

source_section: Deaths › 10 AD


text: Didymus Chalcenterus, Greek scholar and grammarian (b. c. 63 BC)


text: Pliny the Younger advances to consulship, giving his panegyric on Trajan in the process.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Pacores (last king of the Indo-Parthian kingdom) takes the throne.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: The Moche culture emerges, and starts building a society in present-day Peru.

source_section: Events › By place › Americas


text: Trajan creates a policy intended to restore the former economic supremacy of Italy.


text: The compilation of the Kama Sutra begins in India.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: Emperor Trajan and Frontinus become Roman consuls.


text: The Imperial Roman army reaches 300,000 soldiers.


text: Timgad (Thamugas), a Roman colonial town in North Africa, is founded by Trajan.


text: Titus Avidius Quietus' rule as governor of Roman Britain ends.


text: Appearance of the first Christian dogma and formulas regarding morality.


text: The Gospel of John is widely believed to have been written around this date.


text: Bricks become the primary building material in the Roman Empire.


text: Main hall, Trajan's Market, Rome, is made (until AD 112).

source_section: Events › By topic › Arts and sciences


text: In China, the wheelbarrow makes its first appearance.


text: Teotihuacan, a major city at the centre of modern-day Mexico, reaches a population of around 60,000–80,000.


text: Paper is used by the general populace in China, starting around this year.


text: The Temple of the God of Medicine is built in Anguo, China.


text: Lions have become extinct in Greece by this year.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: The Fourth Buddhist Council is convened in Jalandhara, Punjab.


text: The Hopewell tradition roughly begins in what is now Ohio.


text: The future emperor, Hadrian, marries Vibia Sabina.


text: Ptolemy, Greek astrologer, astronomer, geographer and mathematician (d. 170)


text: Justin Martyr, Christian apologist and saint (d. 165)


text: Faustina the Elder, Roman empress (d. 140)


text: Quintus Junius Rusticus, Roman teacher and politician (d. 170)


text: Fa Zhen (or Gaoqing), Chinese scholar (d. 188)


text: Marcus Cornelius Fronto, Roman grammarian, rhetorician and advocate (d. 170)


text: Quintus Tineius Sacerdos Clemens, Roman politician (d. 170)


text: Herod Agrippa II, Jewish king of Judea (b. AD 27)

source_section: Deaths


text: John the Apostle of Jesus Christ (approximate date, b. AD 6)


text: Josephus, Jewish historian and writer (b. AD 37)


text: Apollonius of Tyana, Greek philosopher (b. AD 15)


text: Wang Chong, Chinese philosopher (b. AD 27)


text: In Great Britain, a unified Kingdom of England had developed out of the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

source_section: Events › Christendom


text: Sancho III of Pamplona became King of Aragon and Navarre. The Reconquista was gaining some ground, but the southern Iberian peninsula would still be dominated by Islam for centuries to come; Córdoba was the world's largest city at this time, with 450,000 inhabitants.


text: In the Kingdom of Croatia the army of the Republic of Venice led by Doge Pietro II Orseolo conquered the island of Lastovo.


text: The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty was engaged in a long and hard war with the First Bulgarian Empire. The Byzantine generals, Theodorokanos and Nikephoros Xiphias captured the former Bulgarian capitals of Pliska and Great Preslav, along with Little Preslav, extending Byzantine control over the northeastern portion of the Bulgarian state (Mysia and Scythia Minor). At the same time, Byzantium was instrumental in the Christianization of Kievan Rus' and of other medieval confederations of Slavic states.


text: Ichimonjiya Wasuke, the oldest surviving wagashi store, is established as a teahouse adjacent to Imamiya Shrine.

source_section: Events › Japan


text: The Bell foundry was founded in Italy by Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli.


text: The papacy during this time was in a period of decline, in retrospect known as the saeculum obscurum ("Dark Age") or "pornocracy" ("rule of harlots"), a state of affairs that would result in the Great Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy later in the 11th century.


text: In continental Europe, the Holy Roman Empire established itself as the most powerful state. The Holy Roman Emperor Otto III made a pilgrimage from Rome to Aachen and Gniezno (Gnesen), stopping at Regensburg, Meissen, Magdeburg, and Gniezno. The Congress of Gniezno (with Bolesław I the Brave) was part of his pilgrimage. In Rome, he built the basilica of San Bartolomeo all'Isola, to host the relics of St. Bartholomew.


text: The archdiocese in Gniezno was founded; the first archbishop was Radim Gaudentius, from Slavník dynasty, and dioceses in Kołobrzeg, Kraków and Wrocław.


text: Murasaki Shikibu starts to write The Tale of Genji.


text: The Taíno have become the dominant culture of modern day Puerto Rico.

source_section: Events › Americas


date: April 8

text: April 8: Fujiwara no Shoshi is promoted to Empress (Chugu), while there is another empress, Fujiwara no Teishi (kogo) - this is the first time that there are two empresses


text: The Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000 as a Christian state. In the next centuries, the Kingdom of Hungary became the pre-eminent cultural power in the Central European region. On December 25, Stephen I was crowned as the first King of Hungary in Esztergom.


text: Palace Scandal: Princess Consort Yasuko has an affair. Michinaga (her half-brother) investigates it secretly and finds out the truth about her pregnancy. Yasuko cries and repents. Yasuko leaves the palace under the patronage of Empress Dowager Senshi and Michinaga (moved to his residence).


text: In the Kingdom of France, Robert II, the son of Hugh Capet, was the first King of the Capetian royal dynasty.


text: The Château de Goulaine vineyard was founded in France.


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Robert I, duke of Normandy (d. 1035)


text: Constantine IX, Byzantine emperor (d. 1055)


text: Lý Thái Tông, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1054)


text: Dominic of Silos, Spanish abbot (d. 1073)


text: Rotho, bishop of Paderborn (approximate date)


text: Gilbert, Norman nobleman (approximate date)


text: Sylvester III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1063)


text: Robert de Turlande, French priest (d. 1067)


text: Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi, Fatimid scholar (d. 1078)


text: Kyiso, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty (d. 1038)


text: Duthac, patron saint of Tain (Scotland) (d. 1065)


text: Uta von Ballenstedt, margravine of Meissen


text: Adalbert, duke of Upper Lorraine (d. 1048)


text: Berthold II, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)


date: May 17

text: May 17 – Ramwold, German Benedictine monk and abbot


date: September 9

text: September 9 – Olaf Tryggvason (or Olaf I), king of Norway


text: Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Arab traveller and writer (approximate date)


text: Huyan Zan, Chinese general of the Song Dynasty


text: Ivar of Waterford, Norse Viking king of Dublin


text: García Sáchez II, king of Pamplona (approximate date)


text: Gosse Ludigman, governor (potestaat) of Friesland


text: Fantinus (the Younger), Italian hermit and abbot


text: Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi, Persian physician


text: Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, Persian physician, mathematician and astronomer


text: Ælfthryth, English queen and wife of King Edgar the Peaceful (approximate date)


text: Abu-Mahmud Khojandi, Persian astronomer and Mathematics in medieval Islam/mathematician


text: Barjawan, vizier and regent of the Fatimid Caliphate


text: Judah ben David Hayyuj, Moroccan-Jewish linguist


date: February 6

text: February 6 – After leading the revolt against Emperor Otto III and expelling the Crescentii, Gregory I, Count of Tusculum is named "Head of the Republic".


date: July 31

text: July 31 – Emperor Otto III confirms the possessions of Ulric Manfred II of Turin, and grants him privileges.


text: Khmer King Jayavarman V is succeeded by Udayadityavarman I, and/or Suryavarman I.


text: Bryachislav of Polotsk begins ruling Polotsk.


text: Bolesław I the Brave begins ruling parts of Slovakia.


text: The Tao/Tayk region is annexed by the Byzantines, as the Theme of Iberia.


text: Thorgeir Ljosvetningagodi ends being a lawspeaker in Iceland's Althing.


date: November 27

text: November 27 – Battle of Peshawar: Jayapala suffers defeat from the Ghaznavid Empire.


text: The First Battle of Alton: Danish invaders defeat the English.


text: Byzantine Emperor Basil II attempts to reconquer Bulgaria.


text: Khazrun ben Falful, from the Maghrawa family Banu Khazrun, begins ruling Tripoli, on the African continent.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into northern India, establishing the Ghaznavid Empire across most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Pakistan.


text: Battle of Pinhoe: Vikings defeat the Anglo-Saxons in Devon.


text: In Vietnam during the Early Lê dynasty, a rebellion broke out in Cử Long in Thanh Hóa province against king Lê Đại Hành. Former emperor Đinh Phế Đế, who was a general under Đại Hành's reign, died in the battle while suppressing that rebellion.


date: March 17

text: March 17 – The Buddhist ruler of Butuan, in the Philippines (P’u-tuan in the Sung Dynasty records), Sari Bata Shaja, makes the first tributary mission to China.


text: The first reference is made to Khotyn, Ukrainian town, and to Nyalka, Hungarian village, as to Chimudi.


text: Ermengol I, Count of Urgell makes his second voyage to Rome.


text: Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, establish small settlements in and around Vinland in North America (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › North America


text: The town of Lloret de Mar is founded in Catalonia.


date: July

text: July – Sergius II becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.


text: Werner I, Bishop of Strasbourg begins ruling the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg.


text: King Edward the Martyr of England is canonized.


text: Oqropiri (Ioane I), Svimeon III and Melkisedek I are Catholicoi of Iberia within one year.


text: Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor has Charlemagne's vault opened at Aachen Cathedral.


text: Ælfgar, bishop of Elmham, is consecrated.


text: A tomb of Saint Ivo (possibly) is uncovered in Huntingdonshire, England.


text: The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest is established.


text: Brian Boru attacks the Uí Néill in Ireland.


date: November

text: November – The imperial palace is destroyed by fire.


text: 70th birthday and longevity ceremony of Fujiwara no Bokushi (mother-in-law of Fujiwara no Michinaga, grandmother of Empress Shōshi).


text: Robert II, King of France, marries for the third time, with Constance Taillefer d'Arles.


text: 40th birthday of Empress dowager Senshi (mother of Emperor Ichijō).


text: Construction begins on the Liaodi Pagoda, the tallest pagoda in Chinese history (completed in 1055).


text: March 29 – Sokkate, Burmese king (d. 1044)

source_section: Births


text: Ingegerd Olofsdotter, Grand Princess of Kiev (d. 1050)


text: Herluin de Conteville, Norman nobleman (d. 1066)


text: Godwin, English nobleman (d. 1053)


text: Duncan I, king of Alba (Scotland) (d. 1040)


text: Al-Qa'im, Abbasid caliph (d. 1075)


date: January 13

text: January 13 – Empress consort Fujiwara no Teishi dies in childbirth.


text: January 13 – Fujiwara no Teishi, empress of Japan (b. 977)


date: January 22

text: January 22 – Al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyab, Uqaylid emir of Mosul


date: October 7

text: October 7 – Æthelstan, bishop of Elmham


date: December 21

text: December 21 – Hugh, margrave of Tuscany


text: Ziri ibn Atiyya, emir of Morocco


text: Jayavarman V, emperor of the Khmer Empire


text: David III of Tao ("the Great"), Georgian prince


text: Ja'far ibn al-Furat, Ikhshidid and Fatimid vizier (b. 921)


text: Wang Yucheng, Chinese official and poet (b. 954)


text: Jayapala, Indian ruler of the Hindu Shahis


text: Izyaslav, Kievan prince of Polotsk


text: Đinh Phế Đế, Vietnamese emperor (b. 974)


text: Æthelred becomes bishop of Cornwall, but dies shortly afterwards.


text: July – Battle of Calatañazor: Christian armies led by Alfonso V of León, Sancho III of Pamplona and Sancho García of Castile, defeat the invading Saracens under Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus.


date: November 13

text: November 13 – St. Brice's Day massacre: King Æthelred the Unready orders all Danes in England killed. Æthelred marries (as his second wife) Emma, daughter of Duke Richard I of Normandy.

source_section: Events › By place › British Isles


text: Winter – Khalaf ibn Ahmad, Saffarid emir of Sistan (modern Iran), is deposed and surrenders to the Ghaznavid dynasty after a 39-year reign (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › Persia


text: Fall – A revolt organized by Bohemian nobles of the rivalling Vršovci clan, forces Duke Boleslaus III ("the Red") to flee to Germany. He is succeeded by Vladivoj (until 1003).


text: Winter – Æthelred pays tribute (or Danegeld) to Sweyn Forkbeard, buying him off with a massive payment of 24,000 lbs of silver to hold off further Viking raids against England.


text: Brian Boru, king of Leinster and Munster, becomes High King of Ireland. After the submission of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, Brian Boru makes an expedition to the North.


date: February 15

text: February 15 – At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles and secondi milites (the minor nobles), Arduin of Ivrea (grandson of former King Berengar II) is restored to his domains and crowned as King of Italy in the Basilica of San Michele Maggiore. Arduin is supported by Arnulf II, archbishop of Milan.


date: June 7

text: June 7 – Henry II, a cousin of Otto III, is elected and crowned as King of Germany by Archbishop Willigis at Mainz. Henry does not recognise the coronation of Arduin. Otto of Worms withdraws his nomination for the title of Holy Roman Emperor and receives the Duchy of Carinthia (modern Austria) - Henry is the first King to be elected away from the Cathedral of Aachen since the tradition was begun by Otto I in 936.


date: June

text: June – Frederick, archbishop of Ravenna, is sent as an imperial legate to the Synod of Pöhlde, to mediate between the claims of Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim and Willigis, concerning the control of Gandersheim Abbey.


text: In Japan, court lady Sei Shōnagon completes writing The Pillow Book.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Muslim scholar (d. 1071)


date: June 21

text: June 21 – Leo IX, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1054)


text: George I, king of Georgia (approximate date)


text: Nikephoros III, Byzantine emperor (d. 1081)


text: Mei Yaochen, poet of the Song dynasty (d. 1060)


text: Airlangga, ruler (rajah) of Kahuripan (Indonesia) (d. 1049)


text: Alice of Normandy, countess of Burgundy (d. 1038)


text: Adolf II of Lotharingia, German nobleman (d. 1041)


text: Aristakes Lastivertsi, Armenian historian (d. 1080)


date: January 8

text: January 8 – Wulfsige III, bishop of Sherborne


date: January 23

text: January 23 – Emperor Otto III dies, at the age of 22, of smallpox at Castle of Paterno (near Rome) after a 19-year reign. He leaves no son, nor a surviving brother who can succeed by hereditary right to the throne. Otto is buried in Aachen Cathedral alongside the body of Charlemagne.


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Æscwig, bishop of Dorchester


date: April 30

text: April 30 – Eckard I, margrave of Meissen


date: May 6

text: May 6 – Ealdwulf, archbishop of York


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Al-Mansur dies after a 24-year reign and is succeeded by his son Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar as ruler (hajib) of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba (modern Spain).


text: August 8 – Al-Mansur, Umayyad vizier and de facto ruler (b. 938)


date: October 15

text: October 15 – Henry I, duke of Burgundy, dies and is succeeded by his stepson, Otto-William. He inherits the duchy; this is disputed by King Robert II of France ("the Pious").


text: October 15 – Henry I, duke of Burgundy (b. 946)


text: November 13 – Gunhilde, Danish princess and noblewoman


text: November 13 – Pallig, Danish chieftain (jarl) of Devonshire


text: Rogneda of Polotsk, Grand Princess of Kiev (b. 962)


text: Sa'id al-Dawla, Hamdanid emir of Aleppo (Syria)


text: Athanasius IV, Syrian patriarch of Antioch


text: King Rudolph III of Burgundy invests Humbert I (the White-Handed) with the domains of the Duchy of Aosta. He becomes the first count of the House of Savoy.


date: February 9

text: February 9 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Duke Bolesław I (the Brave) of Poland. The following months, Boleslaus' brothers Jaromír and Oldřich flee to Germany and place themselves under the protection of King Henry II, while Boleslaus orders the massacre of his Bohemian leading nobles at Vyšehrad.


text: German–Polish War: Bolesław I annexes Bohemia and parts of Moravia (modern Slovakia). German nobles under Henry of Schweinfurt revolt against Henry II (who has been promised the Duchy of Bavaria).


text: King Stephen I of Hungary invades Transylvania (modern Romania) and establishes the Diocese of Transylvania (approximate date).


text: King Sweyn I (Forkbeard) lands with a Danish Viking fleet in East Anglia, ravaging the countryside. Northumbria surrenders to him (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › England


text: Battle of Albesa: Muslim forces of the Caliphate of Cordoba defeat the northern Christian armies of León, Pamplona and Castile.


text: King Robert II (the Pious) invades Burgundy, but fails. After this fiasco Robert repudiates his second wife, Bertha of Burgundy, and marries Constance of Arles who becomes queen consort of France.


text: Emperor Sheng Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty leads an expedition into Mongolia and subdues the Zubu tribe who are forced to pay an annual tribute.


text: Construction of the Brihadisvara Temple in Tamil Nadu (modern India), during the Chola Dynasty (Early Medieval period).

source_section: Events › By topic › Art


text: Heribert, archbishop of Cologne, founds Deutz Abbey at Deutz (Germany).


text: Count Oliba (Taillefer) Ripoll. Oliba takes up the Benedictine habit at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll.


text: Emperor Lê Hoàn of the Anterior Lê dynasty ordered the excavation of the Đa Cái Canal and quelled the rebellions of the Đa Cái people.


text: Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia (d. 1038)


text: Ibn Zaydún, Andalusian poet and writer (d. 1071)


text: Musharrif al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraq (d. 1025)


text: Jing Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1048)


text: Edward the Confessor, king of England (d. 1066)


text: Hedwig (or Advisa), French princess (approximate date)


text: Amatus, bishop of Nusco (approximate date)


text: Frederick, duke of Lower Lorraine (approximate date)


text: Conrad II (the Younger), duke of Carinthia (d. 1039)


text: Ibn Hayyus, Syrian poet and panegyrist (d. 1081)


text: Herleva, Norman noblewoman (approximate date)


date: January 19

text: January 19 – Kilian of Cologne, Irish abbot


date: January 25

text: January 25 – Lothair I, margrave of the Nordmark


date: May 4

text: May 4 – Herman II, duke of Swabia (Germany)


date: May 12

text: May 12 – Sylvester II, pope of the Catholic Church


text: May 12 – Pope Sylvester II dies after a 4-year pontificate. He is succeeded by John XVII as the 140th pope of the Catholic Church.


date: July 11

text: July 11 – Al-Mansur al-Qasim al-Iyyani, Zaidi imam


date: August 3

text: August 3 – At-Ta'i, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 929)


date: November 6

text: November 6 – John XVII, pope of the Catholic Church


text: November 6 – John XVII dies after a pontificate of about 7 months and is buried in the Lateran Basilica at Rome.


date: December 27

text: December 27 – Emma of Blois, duchess of Aquitaine


text: Didda, queen consort and regent of Kashmir (India)


text: Flannchad ua Ruaidíne, abbot of Clonmacnoise


text: Gurgen IV, king of Vaspurakan (Armenia)


text: Gregory of Narek, Armenian theologian (b. 951)


text: Sancho III becomes king of Pamplona, Aragon and Castille (until 1035).


date: May 14

text: May 14 – Henry II is crowned King of Italy by Archbishop Arnulf II in Pavia. A quarrel ensues between the German troops and the Pavese citizens. Henry orders a massacre of the population in response, destroying the city.


text: German–Polish War: Duke Bolesław I of Poland loses Bohemia. With German support, Jaromír occupies Prague and proclaims himself the new duke. At Merseburg, he promises to hold Bohemia as a vassal of Henry II.


text: Summer – Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao launches a major offensive against the Song dynasty. He invades Shanyang and threatens the Song capital of Kaifeng (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: Mahmud of Ghazni invades the Kingdom of Bhatia (modern-day Bhera, Pakistan). He defeats its ruler, Biji Rai, who is captured and subsequently immolates himself.


text: Saracen pirates under the Balearic emir Mugahid sack Pisa, destroying nearly one-quarter of the city.


text: Moorish forces under vizier Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar sack the Catalan city of Manresa (modern Spain).


text: A Danish Viking fleet under Sweyn Forkbeard lands in Norfolk. Ealdorman Ulfcytel orders his Anglo-Saxon troops to burn the raiding ships. The plan fails and Ulfcytel's small army is defeated by the Vikings.


text: Fall – Venetian-Byzantine forces defeat the Saracens at Bari. The citadel is on the brink of capitulation after a 3 day siege. Giovanni, a son of Doge Pietro Orseolo II, is married to the Byzantine princess Maria Argyra.


text: Spring – King Henry II crosses with an expeditionary force through the Brenner Pass to Trento. After initial military successes against Arduin of Ivrea, he receives the homage of the Italian clergy and Lombard noble families.


text: Battle of Skopje: Emperor Basil II defeats the Bulgarian forces near Skopje (modern North Macedonia). Leaving his army behind, Samuel of Bulgaria manages to escape. Basil continues his campaign and besieges the fortress of Pernik. By the end of the year Basil has reconquered about half of the Bulgarian Empire.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: Spring – Pope John XVIII begins his reign as the 141st pope of the Catholic Church at Rome (until 1009).


text: An episode of plague and famine breaks out in North Africa.


date: December

text: December – Fujiwara no Kenshi, the future empress consort, enters the palace as lady-in-waiting to her sister, Empress Shōshi.

source_section: Events › By place › Japan


text: Jingdezhen porcelain enters a period of significant production during the Song dynasty.


text: Minamoto no Takakuni, Japanese nobleman (d. 1077)


text: Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas, founder of the Aftasid Dynasty (d. 1060)


text: Guido of Acqui (or Wido), Italian bishop (approximate date)


text: Godgifu, daughter of Æthelred the Unready (approximate date)


text: William VI ("the Fat"), French nobleman (d. 1038)


text: Nasir Khusraw, Persian poet and philosopher (d. 1088)


text: Dedi I (or Dedo), margrave of Saxon Ostmark (d. 1075)


date: June

text: June – Frederick, archbishop of Ravenna


text: July 11 – Theobald II, French nobleman


date: November 4

text: November 4 – Otto I, duke of Carinthia


date: November 13

text: November 13 – Abbo of Fleury, French abbot


text: Soběslav (or Soběbor), Bohemian nobleman


text: Gisilher (or Giselmar), archbishop of Magdeburg


text: Adelaide of Aquitaine, French queen consort


text: Aderald, French priest and archdeacon


text: Ragnall mac Gofraid, king of the Isles (or 1005)


text: Eochaid ua Flannacáin, Irish cleric and poet (b. 935)


text: Li, empress consort of the Song Dynasty (b. 960)


text: Khusrau Shah, king of the Justanids (approximate date)


text: Wulfric Spot, English nobleman (approximate date)


text: Li Jiqian, Chinese governor and rebel leader (b. 963)


date: January 13

text: January 13–18 – The Shanyuan Treaty is negotiated between the Liao dynasty and the Song dynasty. The Song government agrees to pay an annual tribute of 200,000 bolts of raw silk and 100,000 taels of silver, ending the northern border clashes against Liao.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


date: May 13

text: May 13 – The Japanese court permits Fujiwara no Korechika to enter the palace.


date: March 25

text: March 25 – King Kenneth III of Scotland is killed in the battle of Monzievaird in Strathearn. He is succeeded by his cousin Malcolm II ("Forranach, the Destroyer", son of the late King Kenneth II) as ruler of Scotland.


text: Lê Trung Tông succeeds his father Lê Hoàn as emperor of the early Lê dynasty (modern Vietnam), preceding anarchy and 8 months succession war with other princes. Lê Ngoạ Triều succeeded his brother Lê Trung Tông, by assassinating him after just a 3 day reign.


text: Spring – The Republic of Pisa conducts a military offensive against the Saracen strongholds in Southern Italy. The Pisan fleet sacks the city of Reggio Calabria. Pisa becomes one of the four commercial Maritime Republics (the other three are Genoa, Venice and Amalfi), which fight each other for control of the Mediterranean Sea.


text: High King of Ireland Brian Boru makes a second expedition to the north, to take hostages from the northern kingdoms. During this campaign he visits Armagh – making an offering of 20 ounces of gold to the church and confirming to the apostolic see of Saint Patrick, ecclesiastical supremacy over the whole of Ireland.


date: November 16

text: November 16 – Ælfric of Abingdon, archbishop of Canterbury, leaves ships to the people of Wiltshire and Kent in his will, leaving the best, equipped for 60 men, to King Æthelred the Unready.


text: The Shūi Wakashū ("Collection of Gleanings"), an anthology of waka (poetry), is compiled by ex-Emperor Kazan of Japan (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Arts and literature


text: Summer – Danish Viking raiders under Sweyn Forkbeard continue to ravage the cities (mostly poorly defended) in southern England. A famine strikes Sweyn's army, which has to live off the land.


date: June 20

text: June 20 – al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah, Fatimid caliph of Egypt (d. 1036)


date: September 26

text: September 26 – Fujiwara no Nagaie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1064)


text: Mahmud al-Kashgari, Turkish lexicographer (d. 1102)


text: Macbeth ("Rí Deircc, the Red King"), king of Scotland (approximate date)


text: A Nong, Chinese shaman and matriarch (approximate date)


text: Berenguer Ramon I, Spanish nobleman (d. 1035)


text: Llywelyn Aurdorchog, Welsh nobleman (approximate date)


text: Bertha of Blois, duchess consort of Brittany (approximate date)


text: Frederick II, German nobleman and overlord (d. 1075)


text: Eilika of Schweinfurt, German noblewoman (approximate date)


text: March 25 – Kenneth III ("An Donn, the Chief"), king of Scotland


date: October 31

text: October 31 – Abe no Seimei, Japanese astrologer (b. 921)


text: November 16 – Ælfric of Abingdon, archbishop of Canterbury


date: December 14

text: December 14 – Adalbero II, bishop of Verdun and Metz


text: December 27 – Nilus the Younger, Byzantine abbot (b. 910)


text: Ma Yize, Muslim astronomer of the Song dynasty


text: Mael Ruanaidh Ua Dubhda, king of Connacht


text: Isma'il Muntasir ("Victorious"), ruler of the Samanids


text: Cynan ap Hywel, prince of Gwynedd (approximate date)


text: Abu Hilal al-Askari, Muslim scholar and writer (b. 920)


text: Sigmundur Brestisson, Viking chieftain (b. 961)


text: Yves de Bellême, Norman nobleman (approximate date)


text: Lê Hoàn, emperor of the Early Lê dynasty (b. 941)


text: Ragnall mac Gofraid, king of the Isles (or 1004)


text: Summer – An Arab Saracen fleet appears before Pisa, but departs again. The Pisans take their fleet to sea and chase the Arabs down to Southern Italy where, in the Battle of Reggio Calabria, the Pisan fleet defeats the Arabs.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: Brian Boru visits Ulster, and remains unchallenged.


text: Summer–Autumn – Danish Viking raiders led by Sweyn Forkbeard raid south-eastern England from the Isle of Wight to Reading in the Thames Valley where they overwinter at the Wallingford river crossing.


date: April 30

text: April 30 – The brightest supernova ever recorded, SN 1006, occurs in the constellation of Lupus. It is observed and described in China, Japan, Iraq, Egypt, and Europe and possibly depicted in North American rock art. Modern astronomers now consider its distance at about 7,200 light-years. The supernova provides enough light to read by on a night with a dark moon.

source_section: Events › By topic › Astronomy


text: A major eruption of the Mount Merapi volcano on Java causes devastation throughout the centre of the island (which it covers with volcanic ash) and to the Javanese Hindu Mataram kingdom.

source_section: Events › By place › Oceania


date: October 23

text: October 23 – Wen Yanbo, grand chancellor (d. 1097)


text: Ísleifur Gissurarson, Icelandic bishop (d. 1080)


text: Constantine X, Byzantine emperor (d. 1067)


text: Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Persian Sufi poet (d. 1088)


text: Al-Lakhmi, Fatimid scholar and jurist (d. 1085)


date: February 13

text: February 13 – Fulcran, bishop of Lodève (France)

source_section: Deaths


date: July 21

text: July 21 – Gisela of Burgundy, duchess of Bavaria


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Gao Qiong, Chinese general (b. 935)


text: Ibn Marzuban, Persian official and physician


text: Cenwulf, bishop of Winchester (approximate date)


text: Azon the Venerable (or Atso), French prelate


text: Giovanni Orseolo, Venetian nobleman (b. 981)


text: Sherira Gaon, Jewish spiritual leader


text: Olaf the Peacock, Icelandic merchant


text: Ælfhelm of York, ealdorman (dux) of Northumbria


text: Fiachra Ua Focarta, abbot of Clonfert (Ireland)


text: Maud of Normandy, French noblewoman


text: King Æthelred the Unready pays the Danish Vikings a sum of 36,000 pounds of silver (Danegeld) to stop further invasions.


date: November 1

text: November 1 – King Henry II of Germany founds the Diocese of Bamberg during a synod held in Frankfurt.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: The Keraites, a Turco-Mongolian tribe, are converted to Nestorianism (a sect of Christianity).


text: Ælfheah of Canterbury travels to Rome to receive his pallium – symbol of his status as an archbishop – from Pope John XVIII.


text: The Book of Kells is stolen from the Abbey of Kells.

source_section: Events › By place › Ireland


date: January 1

text: January 1 (New Year’s Day) – Imperial Princess Shushi is granted the title Ippon Shinno (first rank princess).


date: January 29

text: January 29 – Ranking ceremony of Murasaki Shikibu – as a renowned writer and lady-in-waiting, tutor of Empress Shōshi, she is elevated to the highest position in the palace below the empress.


date: April

text: April – Imperial Prince Tomohira receives the title nihon (second rank prince).


text: Ouyang Xiu, Chinese historian and poet (d. 1072)


text: Maitripada, Indian Buddhist philosopher (d. 1085)


text: Hugh Magnus (Hugues le Grand), king of France (d. 1025)


text: Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir (approximate date)


text: Giselbert, count of Luxembourg (approximate date)


text: Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia (d. 1073)


text: Welf III, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)


text: Gervais de Château-du-Loir, French nobleman (d. 1067)


text: Ibn Sidah, Andalusian linguist and lexicographer (d. 1066)


text: Isaac I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (approximate date)


date: February 27

text: February 27 – Ælfwaru, English noblewoman


date: March 20

text: March 20 – Abu Rakwa, Andalusian Umayyad prince


text: July 21 – Gisela of Burgundy, duchess of Bavaria


text: October 31 – Heriger, abbot of Lobbes (Belgium)


text: Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani, Persian poet (b. 969)


text: Guo, empress of the Song Dynasty (b. 975)


text: Sebastian, archbishop of Esztergom


text: Pelayo Rodríguez, count (comes) of León


text: Urraca Fernández, Galician queen


text: Manjutakin, Fatimid general and governor


text: Maslama al-Majriti, Andalusian chemist


text: Attilanus, bishop of Zamora (Spain) (b. 937)


text: Unification of the Georgian realm.


text: In England, King Æthelred the Unready orders a new fleet of warships built, organised on a national scale. It is a huge undertaking, but is completed the following year.


text: Under the Early Lê dynasty, King Lê Long Đĩnh personally marched into battle to defeat the barbarians in Đô Lương and Vị Long provinces.


text: The oldest known mention is made of the city of Gundelfingen (Southern Germany).


text: Battle at Herdaler: Olaf Haraldsson sails to the southern coast of Finland to plunder, where he and his men are ambushed and defeated in the woods.


text: Olaf Haraldsson, future king of Norway, makes raids in the Baltic Sea. He lands on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, wins a battle there, and forces the inhabitants to pay tribute.


text: Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah sends a tributary mission to Emperor Zhenzong of the Song dynasty in order to reestablish trade relations between the Fatimid Caliphate and China (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › Arabian Empire


text: Autumn – Bruno of Querfurt, a missionary bishop, and 18 companions sets out on a mission to spread Christianity among the Prussians.


text: Olof Skötkonung, king of Sweden, is baptized in Husaby (Västergötland) by missionary Sigfrid, and makes generous donations on the spot.


date: November 13

text: November 13 – Kamo Special Festival: The poet Murasaki Shikibu is given her name from a famous court poet, Fujiwara no Kinto; this year she probably starts to write The Diary of Lady Murasaki.


text: 42nd Birthday of Fujiwara no Michinaga, father-in-law of the emperor, is celebrated.


date: May 4

text: May 4 – Henry I, king of France (d. 1060)

source_section: Births


date: October 12

text: October 12 – Atsuhira, future Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan (d. 1036)


text: Sugawara no Takasue, Japanese writer (approximate date)


text: Anselm of Liège, French chronicler and historian


text: Di Qing, general of the Song Dynasty (d. 1057)


text: Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya (d. 1062)


text: Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester (approximate date)


text: Gothelo II (or Gozelo), duke of Lower Lorraine (d. 1046)


date: March 17

text: March 17 – Kazan, emperor of Japan (b. 968)


date: April 7

text: April 7 – Ludolf (or Liudolf), archbishop of Trier


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Notker of Liège, French bishop (b. 940)


date: May 25

text: May 25 – Matilda of Saxony, countess of Flanders


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Menendo González, Galician nobleman


date: November 20

text: November 20 – Geoffrey I, duke of Brittany (b. 980)


text: Poppo, Polish missionary bishop (approximate date)


text: Clothna mac Aenghusa, Irish poet (approximate date)


text: Gurgen II (Magistros), king of Iberia-Kartli (Georgia)


text: Ibn Zur'a, Abbasid physician and philosopher (b. 943)


text: Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, Andalusian court official


text: Madudan mac Gadhra Mór, king of Síol Anmchadha


text: Sarolt, Grand Princess of Hungary (b. 950)


text: Gunnlaugr Ormstunga, Icelandic poet (approximate date)


text: Law on planning and building passed in Serbia during the reign of Prince Jovan Vladimir.


date: May 9

text: May 9 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus, an Italian nobleman, revolt in Bari against the Catepanate of Italy (a province of the Byzantine Empire). He and his brother-in-law Dattus (or Datto) mobilise a large army and invade southern Italy.


date: August

text: August – A large Viking army led by Thorkell the Tall lands on Kent and proceeds to terrorize most of Southern England.


date: November 1

text: November 1 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II in the battle of Alcolea. He enters the city of Córdoba, which is sacked by Berbers and Castillans. Sulayman is elected as caliph of the Caliphate of Córdoba.


text: Danish Viking raiders led by Sweyn Forkbeard repeatedly attack southern England, destroying the land to avenge the St. Brice's Day massacre of 1002.


date: August 29

text: August 29 – Mainz Cathedral suffers extensive damage from a fire, which destroys the building on the day of its inauguration.


date: October 18

text: October 18 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.


text: Murasaki Shikibu teaches the Chinese written language to Empress Shoshi in secret because this is usually a male accomplishment.


date: February 14

text: February 14 or March 9 – The first known mention is made of the name of Lithuania, in connection with the murder of Bruno of Querfurt. He is beheaded and his 18 companions are hanged the same day during a mission among the Prussians in the Baltic region.


text: Takashina no Mitsuko is imprisoned for cursing the empress; Fujiwara no Korechika is also implicated but later pardoned.


text: Spring – General Kang Cho leads a coup against King Mokjong. He is deposed and sent into exile in Chungju. After murdering Mokjong, Kang Cho places Hyeonjong on the throne as ruler of Goryeo.


text: Princess Takahime (daughter of Imperial Prince Tomohira, cousin of emperor Ichijo) is married to Fujiwara no Yorimichi, first son of Fujiwara no Michinaga, enlarging the latter’s power.


date: May 22

text: May 22 – Su Xun, Chinese writer (d. 1066)


date: December 14

text: December 14 – Atsunaga, future Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (d. 1045)


text: Toirdelbach Ua Briain, king of Munster (d. 1086)


text: Ali Hariri, Marwanid poet and philosopher (d. 1079)


text: Yusuf ibn Tashfin, sultan of Morocco (d. 1106)


text: Qatran Tabrizi, Persian poet and writer (d. 1072)


text: George the Hagiorite, Georgian calligrapher (d. 1065)


text: Adèle of France, countess of Flanders (d. 1079)


text: February 14 – Bruno of Querfurt, German missionary bishop


date: March 2

text: March 2 – Mokjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 980)


date: March 3

text: March 3 – Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, Umayyad chief minister (b. 983)


date: June

text: June or July – John XVIII, pope of the Catholic Church


date: November 13

text: November 13 – Dedo I, German nobleman (b. 950)


date: November 19

text: November 19 – Lê Long Đĩnh, emperor of the Lê Dynasty (b. 986)


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Bernard William, French nobleman


text: Xiao Yanyan, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 953)


text: 21st November – The Lý Dynasty in Vietnam is proclaimed by Emperor Lý Thái Tổ (former commander of the palace guard) after the death of Lê Long Đĩnh, the last monarch of the Lê Dynasty.


text: Abu al-Hasan Ali, Ma'munid ruler of Khwarezm (Iran)


text: Ibn Yunus, Fatimid astronomer and mathematician


text: Summer – Pope John XVIII dies after a pontificate of 5-years. He is succeeded by Sergius IV as the 142nd pope of the Catholic Church.


text: Doge Pietro II Orseolo dies after an 18-year reign in which he has started the expansion of Venetia by conquering the islands of Lastovo and Korčula along the Dalmatian coast. Pietro is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Otto Orseolo as sole ruler of Venice.


text: Abu Muhammad Lu'lu' al-Kabir, emir of Aleppo (Syria)


text: Third Battle of Tapae: Roman forces, led by Trajan, defeat the Dacian king Decebalus in Transylvania.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Emperor Trajan starts an expedition against Dacia, exceeding the limits of the Roman Empire set by Augustus.


text: Trajan begins his fourth consulship.


text: Epictetus writes and publishes The Discourses of Epictetus (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Literature


date: January 13

text: January 13 – Lucius Aelius Caesar, Roman politician (d. 138)


text: Herodes Atticus, Greek rhetoritician (d. 177)


text: Felicitas of Rome, Christian female martyr (d. 165)


text: Gan Ying, Chinese ambassador of the Han dynasty


text: Silius Italicus, Roman politician and author of the Punica (annals of Hannibal during the Second Punic War) (b. c. AD 28)


text: Jia Kui, Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. AD 30)


text: Clement I, bishop of Rome (epistle to the Corinthians) (or 102 according to Roman Catholic tradition)


text: Emperor Ichijō wants to retire – the influential statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga supports Crown Prince Okisada (now his son-in-law), who will be the successor, but the emperor prefers his eldest son by the late Empress Teishi, Prince Atsuyasu, who has been raised by Empress Shōshi, who also supports her stepson, leading to conflict at court.


text: The Russian city of Yaroslavl is founded, as an outpost of the principality of Rostov Veliky.


date: June 2

text: June 2 – Fitna of al-Andalus – Battle of Aqbat al-Bakr: The Caliphate of Córdoba is defeated. Allied to Muslim rebels, Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona sacks Córdoba, and Hisham II the Nephast is restored as Umayyad caliph of Córdoba, succeeding Muhammad II al-Mahdi.


text: Swedish king Olof Skötkonung gives city rights to Sigtuna.


text: Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War: The Goryeo king is unseated in a revolt, resulting in an invasion by the Liao dynasty, and the burning of the Korean capital Gaegyeong.


text: The fortified city of Fiesole in Italy is captured and destroyed by the people of nearby Florence.


text: Egyptian military commander Zar'ah ibn Isa ibn Nasturus appointed Vizier of Egypt.

source_section: Events › By place › Africa


text: Viking explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni attempts to found a settlement in North America (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By place › American


date: March 8

text: March 8 – Persian poet Ferdowsi finishes writing the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), which will be regarded as the national epic of the greater Iranian culture.


text: Beowulf is written anonymously in Old English (approximate date).


text: Lady Murasaki writes The Tale of Genji in Japanese (approximate date).


text: Eilmer of Malmesbury in England attempts flight in a glider of his own construction.

source_section: Events › By topic › Technology


text: Song Zhun of Song dynasty China completes the work of the earlier geographer Lu Duosun, an enormous atlas of China that is written and illustrated in 1,556 chapters, showing maps of each region, city, town, and village (the atlas took 39 years to complete).


text: The Nile river in Egypt freezes over.


date: January

text: January – Fujiwara no Kenshi (daughter of Michinaga) is married to the imperial heir Crown Prince Okisada.


text: The construction of 217 ft (66 m) tall Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur (a city now in Tamil Nadu, India) is completed during the Chola dynasty, and at about this time the wall painting Rajaraja I and His Teacher

source_section: Events › By topic › Architecture


text: In the Chola dynasty of southern India, the first votes are celebrated by adding a ballot in an urn.


date: May 30

text: May 30 – Zhao Zhen, Emperor Renzong of the Song dynasty (d. 1063)


text: Arialdo, Italian nobleman and deacon (approximate date)


text: Honorius II, antipope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)


text: Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg (approximate date)


text: Adalbero III of Luxembourg, German nobleman (d. 1072)


text: Akkadevi, princess of the Chalukya dynasty (d. 1064)


text: Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg (approximate date)


text: Eberhard, archbishop of Trier (approximate date)


text: Otloh of Sankt Emmeram, German monk (approximate date)


text: Anno II, archbishop of Cologne (approximate date)


text: Benno, bishop of Meissen (approximate date)


text: Michael IV the Paphlagonian, Byzantine emperor (d. 1041)


text: Siegfried I, German nobleman (approximate date)


text: Eleanor of Normandy, countess of Flanders (d. 1077)


text: February 14 – On the death of Fujiwara no Korechika his daughter, the poet Fujiwara no Chikako, becomes a lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōshi.

source_section: Events › By place › Japan


text: February 14 – Fujiwara no Korechika, Japanese nobleman (b. 974)


text: Aisha, Andalusian poet and writer (approximate date)


text: Ælfric of Eynsham, English abbot and scholar (approximate date)


text: Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad, Farighunid ruler (approximate date)


text: Aimoin, French monk and chronicler (approximate date)


text: Ermengol I (or Armengol), count of Urgell (b. 974)


text: Maelsuthan Ua Cerbhail, Irish advisor and chronicler


text: John Kourkouas, Byzantine catepan (approximate date)


text: Vijayanandi, Indian mathematician (approximate date)


text: Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, king of Connacht


date: June 11

text: June 11 – Lombard Revolt: Mahmoud the Fat of Bari rises up against the Lombard rebels, led by Melus, and delivers the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy. Melus is forced to flee to Salerno, and his brother-in-law Dattus escapes to Monte Cassino, but their families are taken captive, and carted off to Constantinople.


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Siege of Canterbury: Danish Viking raiders led by Thorkell the Tall pillage Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury, as a prisoner.

source_section: Events › By place › England


text: The Grand Prince of Kyiv and ruler of Kievan Rus' Vladimir the Great laid the first foundations of Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv.


text: Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), an Arab scientist working in Egypt, feigns madness for fear of angering Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and is kept under house arrest. During this time he begins writing his influential Book of Optics.

source_section: Events › By place › Middle East


text: Byrhtferth, Benedictine monk of Ramsey Abbey, writes his Manual (Enchiridion) on the divine order of the universe and time.


text: Autumn – Basil Mesardonites visits Guaimar III of Salerno to secure his cooperation. Melus is forced to flee again. Basil proceeds to Monte Cassino – and persuades Abbot Atenulf to expel Dattus. Pope Sergius IV supports Dattus with papal troops, to garrison the tower on the Garigliano River, a fortified complex in the territory of the Duchy of Gaeta.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: The Baghdad Manifesto is ordered by Caliph Al-Qadir of the Abbasid Caliphate, in response to the growth of the Fatimid-supporting Ismaili sect of Islam within his borders.


text: In Vietnam, emperor Lý Thái Tổ personally led a campaign to conquer the Cử Long barbarians. The campaign was a success for the emperor, all the barbarians' camps were burned, and their leaders were brought before the royal court.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Yaghi Siyan, Seljuk governor of Antioch (d. 1098)


text: Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (d. 1077)


text: Ralph the Staller, English nobleman (d. 1068)


text: Jōjin, Japanese Tendai monk (d. 1081)


text: Robert I (the Old), duke of Burgundy (d. 1076)


date: February 9

text: February 9 – Bernard I, German nobleman


date: February 23

text: February 23 – Willigis, archbishop of Mainz


date: July 25

text: July 25 – Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 980)


date: November 5

text: November 5 – Mathilde, German abbess (b. 949)


date: November 21

text: November 21 – Reizei, emperor of Japan (b. 950)


text: Uma no Naishi, Japanese waka poet (b. 949)


text: King Henry II enfeoffs Adalbero with Carinthia (including the rule over the March of Verona) after the death of Duke Conrad I.


text: Mahendradatta, queen of Bali (b. 961)


text: Sumbat III, Georgian prince of Tao-Klarjeti


text: Muhammad ibn Suri, Ghurid ruler (malik)


text: Anna Porphyrogenita, Grand Princess of Kiev


text: Conrad I, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)


text: Albert I, count of Namur (approximate date)


text: Emperor Ichijō abdicates the throne and dies later after a 25-year reign. He is succeeded by his cousin Sanjō as the 67th emperor of Japan.


date: April 12

text: April 12 – Oldřich, Duke of Bohemia, deposes his brother Jaromír, who flees to Poland. Oldřich recognises the suzerainty of King Henry II of Germany over Bohemia. He secures his rule by suppressing the Vršovci insurgents.


date: April

text: April – King Æthelred the Unready resumes the payment of Danegeld (48,000 pounds of silver) in an attempt to buy off Viking raiders.


text: King Malcolm II of Scotland reputedly defeats a Danish army at Cruden Bay.

source_section: Events › By place › Scotland


text: Summer – The climax of the Bedouin anti-Fatimid rebellion in Palestine is reached. Abu'l-Futuh al-Hasan ibn Ja'far is acclaimed as anti-Caliph with the title of al-Rashid bi-llah ("Righteous with God").


text: Máel Mórda mac Murchada starts a rebellion against High King Brian Boru in Ireland, which ends in 1014 at the Battle of Clontarf.


text: Fujiwara no Yorimichi, second son of Fujiwara no Michinaga, marries the daughter of Michinaga's enemy Fujiwara no Kintō, eventually reconciling the families. Another son of Michinaga, Fujiwara no Akinobu, causes scandal by becoming a priest without telling his parents, but they eventually accept his decision.


text: Approximate date – Camaldolese order established by Romuald in Tuscany.


date: April 19

text: April 19 – Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury in England, is murdered by his Danish captors at Greenwich (after refusing to pay a ransom of 3,000 pounds for his release).


date: February

text: February – Fujiwara no Kenshi, daughter of the powerful court official Fujiwara no Michinaga, is elevated to Empress Consort (Chūgū). The Emperor's first wife, Fujiwara no Seishi, is also elevated to Empress (Kōgō) at the same time but Michinaga ensures that court officials do not attend her ceremony.


text: The Tepanec tribe settles on the western region of Lake Texcoco. The lineage starts when the Chichimeca chieftain Acolhua marries Cuetlaxochitzin, daughter of Xolotl, another Chichimeca chieftain.

source_section: Events › By place › Mexico


date: August 19

text: August 19 – Baldwin V, count of Flanders (d. 1067)


text: Theobald III of Blois, French nobleman (d. 1089)


text: Guo, Chinese empress of the Song dynasty (d. 1035)


text: Benedict IX, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)


text: Marpa Lotsawa, Tibetan Buddhist teacher (d. 1097)


text: Rongzom Mahapandita, Tibetan Buddhist scholar (d. 1088)


text: García Sánchez III, king of Pamplona (approximate date)


text: Maria Dobroniega of Kiev, duchess of Poland (d. 1087)


text: Cai Xiang, Chinese calligrapher, official and poet (d. 1067)


text: Durandus of Troarn, French theologian (approximate date)


date: April 1

text: April 1 – Herman III, duke of Swabia

source_section: Deaths


text: April 19 – Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury


date: May 12

text: May 12 – Sergius IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 970)


text: May 12 – Pope Sergius IV dies after a 3-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by Benedict VIII as the 143rd pope of the Catholic Church.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


date: May 26

text: May 26 – Erluin II, monk and abbot of Gembloux


date: June 9

text: June 9 – Unger, bishop of Poznań


text: June 9 – Tagino, archbishop of Magdeburg


date: August 12

text: August 12 – Walthard, archbishop of Magdeburg


text: August 12 – Death of Ōe no Masahira, husband of poet and former palace lady-in-waiting Akazome Emon, who writes a number of mourning poems to him.


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Ad-Da'i Yusuf, Zaidi imam and ruler


date: October 18

text: October 18 – Coloman of Stockerau, Irish pilgrim


date: December 22

text: December 22 – Baha' al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraq


text: Qabus, Ziyarid emir of Gorgan and Tabaristan


text: John II Crescentius, consul and patrician of Rome


text: King Henry II of Germany signs a peace treaty at Merseburg with Duke Bolesław I the Brave) of Poland. As part of the treaty, Bolesław pays homage and recognizes Henry as his overlord in exchange for receiving the March of Lusatia (including the town of Bautzen) and the March of Meissen as fiefs. To seal their peace, Bolesław's son Mieszko II marries Richeza of Lotharingia (granddaughter of the late Emperor Otto II).


date: September

text: September – Emperor Sanjō of Japan visits the home of influential statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga.


text: Winter – Henry II (anxious to be crowned as Holy Roman Emperor) mobilises a German expeditionary army at Augsburg, to begin his second Italian military campaign.


text: Kaifeng, capital of China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Córdoba in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).


text: Summer – Danish Viking raiders led by Sweyn Forkbeard (accompanied by his son Cnut) sail from Denmark to attack England. Again London defends itself and the Vikings move elsewhere, plundering Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria. King Æthelred the Unready sends his sons Edward and Alfred to Normandy. Æthelred retreats to the Isle of Wight and follows them later into exile.


text: Beauvais changes from a county to a bishopric (approximate date).


text: Sulayman ibn al-Hakam reconquers the Caliphate of Córdoba in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and deposes Hisham II. Sulayman becomes the fifth Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (until 1016).


text: Æthelred II appoints Lyfing as archbishop of Canterbury in England. He restores Canterbury Cathedral, adding porticus towers and a massive westwork.


date: December

text: December – Fujiwara no Masanobu, an officer of the guard of empress consort Kenshi of Japan, is killed by Fujiwara no Korekane and Michinaga orders the assassin imprisoned.


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Sweyn Forkbeard takes control of the Danelaw and is proclaimed king of England in London. Some of the English provinces refuse to pay homage to Sweyn, who has no dynastic right to claim the throne.


text: The Four Great Books of Song, the Song dynasty Chinese encyclopedia Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau which has been compiled since 1005, is completed in 1,000 volumes of 9.4 million written Chinese characters.


date: July 18

text: July 18 – Hermann of Reichenau, German music theorist (d. 1054)


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Teishi (Yōmeimon-in), Japanese empress consort (d. 1094)


date: September 22

text: September 22 – Richeza (or Adelaide), queen of Hungary (d. 1075)


text: Guaimar IV of Salerno, Italian nobleman (approximate date)


text: Abu al-Walid al-Baji, Moorish scholar and poet (d. 1081)


text: Isaac Alfasi, Algerian Talmudist and posek (d. 1103)


date: April 19

text: April 19 – Hisham II, caliph of Córdoba (Spain) (b. 966)


date: June 5

text: June 5 – Al-Baqillani, Arab theologian, jurist and logician


text: Reginar IV, French nobleman (approximate date)


text: Giselbert I, count of Roussillon (Spain) (or 1004)


text: c. August – Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah, Jarrahid emir (b. c. 977)


text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Arab physician, "father of surgery", author of Al-Tasrif (b. 936)


text: Al-Mahdi al-Husayn, Zaidi imam of Yemen (b. 987)


date: March

text: March – King Æthelred the Unready sends ambassadors to England, including his own son Edward to negotiate to reclaim of the throne at the invitation of the English nobles.


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Battle of Clontarf: Brian Boru, High King of Ireland, defeats a Norse-Irish alliance, although himself killed.

source_section: Events › By place › Ireland


text: Summer – Battle of Thessalonica: Emperor Basil II launches a raiding expedition against Bulgaria. From Western Thrace via Serres he reaches the valley of the Strymon River, near Thessaloniki (modern Greece); the local Byzantine governor Theophylact Botaneiates defeats the Bulgarians.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


date: February 14

text: February 14 – King Henry II arrives at Rome and is crowned Holy Roman Emperor together with his wife Cunigunde by Pope Benedict VIII in St. Peter's Basilica. Henry establishes the Diocese of Bobbio (Northern Italy) and returns to Germany.


text: Wulfstan, archbishop of York in England, preaches his Latin homily Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ("Wulf's Address to the English"), describing the Danes as "God's judgement on England".


text: The Nicene-Constantinopolitan Symbol of the Faith is used for the first time during the Roman Mass, after Henry II, the newly crowned Holy Roman Emperor, asks the Pope to add it – together with the filioque clause. Prior to this date, the Creed has not been used at all during the liturgy.


text: Hammad ibn Buluggin adopts Sunni Islam and declares his independence from the Zirid dynasty (modern Algeria). He recognizes the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad as being the rightful caliphs and becomes the first ruler of the Hammadid dynasty (until 1028).


text: Emperor Sanjō of Japan has an eye illness. Influential statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga schemes to place his 6-year-old grandson Prince Atsuhira on the throne rather than the Emperor's son.


text: Rajendra Chola I, king of the Chola dynasty begins his reign. (India)


date: May 11

text: May 11 – Anawrahta, founder of the Pagan Empire (Burma) (d. 1077)

source_section: Births


text: Al-Bakri, Andalusian historian and geographer (d. 1094)


text: Iestyn ap Gwrgant, king of Morgannwg (d. 1093)


text: Cynan ab Iago, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)


date: February 3

text: February 3 – Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark and England (b. 960)