date: January 10

text: January 10–17 – A cold snap in Afghanistan kills 166 people and nearly 80,000 livestock.


date: January 27

section: Climate & Environment

text: January 27 – Widespread unrest erupts in Israel following an Israeli military raid in Jenin the previous day, which killed nine Palestinians. Incendiary air balloons are launched into Israeli-populated areas following it. Israel responds with targeted airstrikes. Later the same day, seven Jewish civilians are killed in a synagogue in Neve Yaakov in a terrorist attack.

source_section: Events › January


date: February 4

text: February 4 – Cyclone Freddy forms in the Indian Ocean. It would become the longest lasting tropical cyclone in history and cause over 1,400 deaths and countless injuries and property damage across southeastern Africa.

source_section: Events › February


date: February 6

text: February 6 – A 7.8 earthquake strikes southern and central Turkey and northern and western Syria followed by a 7.7 aftershock on the same day, causing widespread damage and at more than 59,000 fatalities and 121,000 injured.


date: May 3

text: May 3 – 2023 Manipur violence: Ethnic violence erupts in the state of Manipur between the Kuki and Meitei people.

source_section: Events › May


date: May 4

text: May 4 – A series of floods and landslides strikes villages in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in over 400 deaths.


date: May 9

text: May 9 – Cyclone Mocha forms in the Indian Ocean, killing over 400 people and injuring over 700 as it strikes Myanmar and Bangladesh.


date: July 19

text: July 19 – Typhoon Doksuri forms in the eastern Pacific Ocean, going on to kill 137 people in Southeast Asia.

source_section: Events › July


date: July 23

text: July 23 – 2023 Greece wildfires: Tens of thousands of tourists flee Rhodes, Greece, amid wildfires and a major heatwave, in what officials say is the largest evacuation in the country's history.


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Global warming: The world's oceans reach a new record high temperature of 20.96 C F, exceeding the previous record in 2016. July is also the hottest month on record for globally averaged surface air temperatures by a considerable margin (0.3 C F).

source_section: Events › August


date: August 8

text: August 8 – 2023 Hawaii wildfires: 17,000 acres of land are burned and at least 101 people are killed, with two others missing, when a series of wildfires break out on the island of Maui in Hawaii.


date: August 16

text: August 16–21 – Hurricane Hilary, a Category 4 Pacific Hurricane, strikes the Baja California peninsula and later causes record flooding in Southern California.


date: August 21

text: August 21 – 2023 Canadian wildfires: 68% of the Northwest Territories are forced to evacuate to other parts of the country due to wildfires.


date: September 8

text: September 8 – 2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake: A 6.9 magnitude earthquake strikes Marrakesh–Safi province in western Morocco, killing at least 2,960 people and damaging historic buildings.

source_section: Events › September


date: September 10

text: September 10 – Storm Daniel, a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, kills at least 5,000 people, with a further 10,000 to 100,000 reported missing. In the city of Derna in Libya, two dams collapse, resulting in a quarter of the city being destroyed.


date: October 7

text: October 7 – A series of earthquakes occur in Herat Province in Afghanistan, killing over 1,000 people and injuring nearly 2,000, with tremors felt in Iran and Turkmenistan. The earthquakes are the deadliest in the country since 1998.

source_section: Events › October


date: October 13

text: October 13 – After British regulators' approval, Microsoft closes its US$68.7 billion acquisition of Activision Blizzard.


date: October 25

text: October 25 – Hurricane Otis, an eastern Pacific tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Mexico near Acapulco, leaving at least 80 dead. It is the most powerful Eastern Pacific hurricane to make landfall in Mexico, with the highest winds reaching 165 mph, surpassing Hurricane Patricia's landfall in 2015.


date: March 8

section: Culture & Society

text: March 8–21 – The 2023 World Baseball Classic is held in, and won by, Japan.

source_section: Events › March


text: May 9–13 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2023 is held in Liverpool, UK. Swedish contestant Loreen wins with the song "Tattoo".


date: July 14

text: July 14–30 – The 2023 World Aquatics Championships took place in Fukuoka, Japan. Léon Marchand broke the world record in the men's 400-meter individual medley, which was previously held by Michael Phelps.


date: July 20

text: July 20–August 20 – The 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup is held in Australia and New Zealand. In the final, Spain wins 1–0 against England.


text: July 23 – Danish cyclist Jonas Vingegaard wins the Tour de France for the second consecutive time.


text: September 8 – October 28 – The 2023 Rugby World Cup is held in France and is won by South Africa who beat New Zealand in the final at the Stade de France, claiming a record fourth Rugby World Cup title.


date: October 5

text: October 5 – November 19 – The 2023 Cricket World Cup is held in India, with Australia defeating India in the final.


date: November 20

section: Deaths

text: November 20 – A Boeing P-8A Poseidon operated by the United States Navy overshot the runway at Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Kaneohe, Hawaii. No one died.

source_section: Events › November


date: December 16

text: December 16 – Emir of Kuwait Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah dies at the age of 86 and is succeeded by his half-brother Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.

source_section: Events › December


date: January 1

section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: January 1 – Ethiopia announces an agreement with Somaliland to use the port of Berbera. Ethiopia also says that it will eventually recognize Somaliland's independence, becoming the first country to do so.


text: January 1 – The Republic of Artsakh is formally dissolved following the recapture of the Nagorno-Karabakh region by Azerbaijan.


text: January 1 – Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates become BRICS members.


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Following a brief political crisis in the aftermath of the 2023 elections, Bernardo Arévalo is inaugurated as the 52nd President of Guatemala.


date: January 22

text: January 22 – Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha: The Ram Mandir is inaugurated by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh.


date: February 4

text: February 4 – 2024 Salvadoran presidential election: Incumbent President Nayib Bukele wins the election with over 80% of the vote, becoming the first president to be reelected in El Salvador since 1944.


date: February 11

text: February 11 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: In the closest presidential election in Finnish history, Alexander Stubb is elected president in the second round.


date: March 7

text: March 7 – As the final Nordic country to join the alliance, Sweden officially joins NATO, becoming its 32nd member after Finland a year earlier.


date: March 15

text: March 15–17 – 2024 Russian presidential election: Incumbent Vladimir Putin is reelected for a fifth term.


date: April 9

text: April 9 – Following Leo Varadkar's resignation, Fine Gael leader Simon Harris becomes Ireland's youngest Taoiseach after a Dáil vote of 88–69 and appointment by President Michael D. Higgins.

source_section: Events › April


date: April 10

text: April 10 – 2024 South Korean legislative election: The Democratic Party and Democratic Alliance wins 176 seats, while the People Power and People Future, to which President Yoon Suk Yeol belongs, wins only 108 seats.


date: May 5

text: May 5 – 2024 Panamanian general election: José Raúl Mulino is elected president.


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore since 2004, is succeeded by former Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong as prime minister, ahead of the next general election to be held by 2025.


date: May 29

text: May 29 – 2024 South African general election: The ANC party fails to win a majority of the vote for the first time in South Africa's democratic history.


date: June 6

text: June 6–9 – The 2024 European Parliament election is held. The EPP, of incumbent Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, retains its status as the largest group in parliament amid notable gains by far-right political groups.

source_section: Events › June


date: June 14

text: June 14 – 2024 South African general election: The ANC and other opposition parties agree to form a national unity government, with Cyril Ramaphosa being re-elected President of South Africa.


text: June 14 – July 14 – UEFA Euro 2024 is held in Germany, and is won by Spain.


date: July 4

text: July 4 – 2024 United Kingdom general election: Sir Keir Starmer leads the Labour Party to victory, returning the party to government for the first time in 14 years.


date: July 23

text: July 23 – China brokers a unity agreement between rival Palestinian factions Fatah and Hamas to form a single government.


date: August 14

text: August 14 – The Constitutional Court of Thailand dismisses the Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin for illegally appointing a minister to his cabinet who had a prison sentence. Paetongtarn Shinawatra succeeds him as Prime Minister of Thailand.


date: September 29

text: September 29 – 2024 Austrian legislative election: Far-right Freedom Party secures a historical victory, but does not reach a majority in the National Council. The results are deemed the first far-right win since World War II.


date: October 20

text: October 20 – Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka are inaugurated as the president and vice president of Indonesia.


date: December 14

text: December 14 – South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol's powers and duties are suspended after MPs vote to impeach him, following his martial law declaration the previous week.


date: December 27

text: December 27 – Acting President of South Korea Han Duck-soo is impeached by MPs for failing to promulgate two bills related to president Yoon's legal proceedings. He is succeeded by deputy prime minister Choi Sang-mok.


date: January 12

section: Conflict & Security

text: January 12 – Operation Prosperity Guardian: A U.S.-led coalition launches airstrikes at Houthi militant locations in Yemen, marking a retaliation to the Houthis' attacks on ships in the Red Sea.


date: January 26

text: January 26 – Gaza war: The UN's International Court of Justice rules that Israel must take all measures to prevent genocidal acts in Gaza, but stops short of ordering an immediate halt to operations.


date: February 29

text: February 29 – Gaza war: Soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces open fire on a crowd of civilians in Gaza City, killing more than 100 people, as the Palestinian casualties of the war exceed 30,000.


date: March 11

text: March 11 – Haitian acting Prime Minister Ariel Henry announces his pending resignation from both offices amid an ongoing crisis marked by gang warfare in the country.


date: March 14

text: March 14 – The United Nations estimates that at least 56% of Palestinian civilians killed in the Gaza war were women and children.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – Islamic State-affiliated gunmen attack concertgoers at Crocus City Hall in Krasnogorsk, Russia, killing at least 151 people and injuring 609.


date: March 25

text: March 25 – The UN Security Council passes a resolution calling for an "immediate ceasefire" in the Gaza war and demanding the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.


date: April 13

text: April 13 – Iran launches retaliatory strikes against Israel after an Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus earlier in the month.


date: April 17

text: April 17 – Gaza war protests at universities escalate across the globe and allege Israel is committing genocide.


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Prime Minister of Slovakia Robert Fico is shot and hospitalized while meeting with supporters at an event in Handlová.


date: May 19

text: May 19 – A coup d'état attempt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo reportedly led by Christian Malanga leads to unrest in Kinshasa. Government soldiers quickly intervene, arresting the coup leaders and reportedly restoring calm.


date: May 24

text: May 24 – The UN's highest court, the ICJ, rules that Israel must halt its military offensive in Rafah, southern Gaza.


date: June 12

text: June 12 – The United Nations' first inquiry into the October 7 attacks and resulting conflict finds that both Israel and Hamas committed war crimes.


date: July 13

text: July 13 – While campaigning for the 2024 United States presidential election, former President Donald Trump is shot in the right ear in an assassination attempt at a rally he held near Butler, Pennsylvania.


date: July 31

text: July 31 – Ismail Haniyeh, the political leader of Hamas, is assassinated at his residence in Tehran, Iran.


date: August 5

text: August 5 – Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina announces her resignation and flees to India following nationwide protests.


date: August 11

text: August 11 – President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announces that the Ukrainian military is conducting a cross-border offensive inside Russia's western Kursk Oblast. Russia says that 76,000 people have been evacuated from the region.


date: August 25

text: August 25 – The Israel Defense Forces begin a series of preemptive strikes against targets in the south of Lebanon.


date: September 15

text: September 15 – Ryan Wesley Routh is accused of attempting to assassinate Donald Trump in Florida. Routh is later captured and arrested, and a trial date has been set for 2025.


date: September 17

text: September 17–18 – Thirty-two people are killed and more than 3,200 are injured after pagers and walkie-talkies used by Hezbollah militants and medics explode in two massive cyberattacks. Israel is the presumed perpetrator.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – The Israel Defense Forces invade southern Lebanon, escalating its conflict against Hezbollah.


date: November 30

text: November 30 – Syrian civil war: Opposition forces seize control of most of Aleppo, Syria, prompting the first Russian airstrikes on the city since 2016.


date: December 3

text: December 3 – South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declares martial law during a late-night address broadcast live on YTN television, accusing the country's main opposition Democratic Party of sympathizing with North Korea and engaging in anti-state activities.


date: December 8

text: December 8 – Syrian civil war: Syrian President Bashar al-Assad flees from Damascus to Moscow after being overthrown, ending his presidency and the Ba'athist Syria regime after a total of 61 years. The Syrian opposition forms the Syrian transitional government as a provisional government.


date: March 31

section: Exploration & Expansion

text: March 31 – Bulgaria and Romania become members of the Schengen Area through sea and air routes.


date: August 1

text: August 1 – 2024 American–Russian prisoner exchange: 26 individuals are released from Ankara Esenboğa Airport in the largest prisoner exchange between the United States and Russia since the Cold War.


date: June 30

section: Religion & Belief

text: June 30 - Daniil Nikolov is elected as the 29th Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.


date: November 12

text: November 12 – Justin Welby announces his resignation as Archbishop of Canterbury following the publication of a report critical of his handling of the abuse of children within the Church of England by John Smyth.


date: December 7

text: December 7 – The Notre-Dame Cathedral reopens to the public after previously being damaged by a structural fire in 2019.


date: September 2

section: Economy & Finance

text: September 2 – The Brazilian Supreme Court upholds a decision to block the social media platform X (also known as Twitter) over what the Brazilian government determined to be rampant disinformation and Elon Musk's failure to name a legal representative to the country.


date: November 5

text: November 5 – German Chancellor Olaf Scholz dismisses FDP leader Christian Lindner from his position as finance minister, leading to two other FDP ministers resigning and the collapse of the governing coalition.


date: February 22

section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: February 22 – American company Intuitive Machines' Nova-C lander becomes the first commercial vehicle to land on the Moon.


date: March 13

text: March 13 – The Artificial Intelligence Act, the world's first comprehensive legal and regulatory framework for artificial intelligence, is passed by the European Union.


date: September 30

text: September 30 – The UK becomes the first G7 country to phase out coal power for electric generation, after 142 years of using the energy source.


date: November 9

text: November 9 – A suicide bombing at the Quetta railway station in Balochistan, Pakistan kills at least 26 people. The bombing was orchestrated by the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), and is the first time that the organization had attacked the center of Quetta.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – A truck carrying passengers falls off a bridge over the Ganale Doria River in Bona Zuria, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, killing 71 people and injuring 4 others.


date: January 19

section: Science & Discovery

text: January 19 – Japan becomes the 5th country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, with its SLIM mission.


date: April 8

text: April 8 – A total solar eclipse is visible across North America.


date: June 5

text: June 5 – Starliner Crewed Flight Test launches atop an Atlas V rocket to the ISS.


date: September 12

text: September 12 – The first commercial spacewalk is conducted by entrepreneur Jared Isaacman as part of the Polaris Dawn mission, which also includes the highest altitude orbit by a human crew since the Apollo program.


date: October 12

text: October 12 – The long-period comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS), described as the "comet of the century", makes its closest approach to Earth.


date: October 13

text: October 13 – SpaceX achieves the first successful return and capture of a Super Heavy booster from Starship, the biggest and most powerful rocket ever to fly.


date: October 14

text: October 14 – The Europa Clipper spacecraft is launched to investigate Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter.


date: November 15

text: November 15 – The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) Is rediscovered in the Elba Protected Area of Southeast Egypt, 5,000 years after the species was believed to have been extirpated from the region.


date: November 21

text: November 21 – Researchers using the Very Large Telescope announce the first-ever "close-up" image of a star outside the Milky Way Galaxy, WOH G64.


date: December 24

text: December 24 – The Parker Solar Probe breaks the previous record set in 2018 for the closest artificial object to the Sun by 6.1 million kilometers (3.8 million miles), becoming the closest and first man-made object to approach and "touch" the Sun.


date: July 19

section: Health & Medicine

text: July 19 – Global IT outages impact a variety of businesses and organisations across the world.


date: August 14

text: August 14 – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares mpox a public health emergency of international concern for the second time in two years, following the spread of the virus in African countries.


date: October 24

text: October 24 – The first case of the 2024 Kwango province disease outbreak is reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


date: May 20

section: Crime & Justice

text: May 20 – The chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court seeks arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Hamas leader in Gaza Yahya Sinwar over alleged war crimes.


date: May 30

text: May 30 – Former United States President Donald Trump is found guilty on 34 counts in his hush money trial, the first time any American president had been found guilty of a crime.


date: June 24

text: June 24 – WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange leaves the United Kingdom after being freed from prison in a plea deal with the United States. He returns to his native Australia two days later.


date: July 31

text: July 31 – Moussa Dadis Camara, the former military ruler of Guinea, is found guilty of crimes against humanity in the massacres that occurred in 2009 and is sentenced to twenty years in prison by a Guinean court.


date: August 13

text: August 13 – 2024 Kolkata rape and murder: Thousands of doctors and students take part in protests and rallies against domestic violence in cities across the world after the rape and murder of a 31 year old post-graduate trainee doctor in Kolkata on 9 August.


date: August 23

text: August 23 – In Solingen, Germany, a Syrian immigrant stabs three people to death, which leads to the intensification of the debate on migration in Germany.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Yahya Sinwar, leader of Hamas, is killed in a gunfight with Israeli forces in Rafah.


date: December 19

text: December 19 – The Hungarian government of Viktor Orbán has granted political asylum to Polish MP of Law and Justice Marcin Romanowski, who is wanted on the European Arrest Warrant for being accused of defrauding 100 million zł from the Fundusz Sprawiedliwości (Justice Fund) when he was deputy minister of justice during the PiS government.


text: December 19 – Mazan rapes trial: The Judicial Court in Avignon, France, finds Dominique Pelicot guilty of the aggravated rape of his ex-wife Gisèle Pelicot and imposes the maximum sentence of 20 years in prison. The 50 other defendants in the case are also convicted of crimes ranging from attempted rape to aggravated rape, and receive prison sentences ranging from three to 15 years.


date: January 1

section: Disasters & Accidents

text: January 1 – A 7.5 M ww earthquake strikes the western coast of Japan (Noto Peninsula), killing at least 504 people and injuring 1,389 others. A further 5 are killed the next day when a Coast Guard aircraft carrying humanitarian aid was involved in a collision with a Japan Airlines Airbus A350-900 aircraft, destroying both aircraft. All 379 people aboard the passenger jet are evacuated safely.


date: January 24

text: January 24 – 2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash: A Russian Ilyushin Il-76 military transport plane carrying (according to Russia) 65 Ukrainian prisoners of war, 6 crew members, and 3 guards crashes in Russia's Korochansky District, near the Ukrainian border, killing everyone on board.


date: April 1

text: April 1 – Israel attacks the Iranian embassy in Damascus, killing 16 people.


date: May 19

text: May 19 – Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian are killed, along with seven other passengers and crew, in a helicopter crash near the Azerbaijan–Iran border.


date: June 10

text: June 10 – A plane crash near Chikangawa, Malawi, kills nine people, including Vice President of Malawi Saulos Chilima.


date: June 29

text: June 29 – 2024 Borno State bombings: 30 people are killed and 100 are injured when three separate bomb blasts occur in the town of Gwoza in Borno State, Nigeria.


date: August 9

text: August 9 – Voepass Flight 2283, an ATR 72, crashes near Vinhedo, São Paulo, Brazil, killing all 62 people on board.


date: August 31

text: August 31 – A helicopter crashed in Kamchatka Krai, Russia, killing all 22 occupants on board.


date: December 20

text: December 20 – Six people are killed, while over 300 are injured, after a car is driven into a crowd at a Christmas market in Magdeburg, Germany.


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243, an Embraer ERJ-190AR, crashes in Kazakhstan. Twenty-nine out of the 67 on board survive the crash.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – Jeju Air Flight 2216, a Boeing 737-800 passenger flight from Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok, Thailand, to Muan International Airport in Muan, South Korea, veers off the runway at Muan International Airport and crashes into a barrier, killing 179 people. Two injured survivors are reported.


date: April 3

text: April 3 – A powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 strikes off the eastern coast of Taiwan, with small tsunamis reaching heights of 20 – 30 hitting Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.


date: April 16

text: April 16 – 2024 Persian Gulf floods: At least 32 people are killed when heavy rainfall strikes the Middle East, causing flash flooding. This caused many disruptions for the airline Emirates at Dubai International Airport.


date: April 29

text: April 29 – Floods in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul cause dozens of deaths and leave thousands homeless.


date: May 8

text: May 8 – In North Macedonian elections, the right-wing party VMRO-DPMNE wins in a landslide in the parliamentary elections, while its presidential candidate Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova is elected as the first female president of the country in the second round of the presidential election.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – A series of solar storms and intense solar flares impact the Earth, rated G5 by NOAA, creating aurorae at more southerly and northerly latitudes than usual. This was the first G5 storm since 2003.


date: May 24

text: May 24 – A major landslide in Papua New Guinea kills 160–2,000+ people, with many more buried.


date: May 26

text: May 26 – 2024 Lithuanian presidential election: Incumbent president Gitanas Nausėda wins a landslide victory for a second term in office.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – Hurricane Beryl becomes the earliest Category 5 hurricane on record after devastating the island of Carriacou, Grenada.


date: July 22

text: July 22 – Landslides kill 257 people and bury two villages in Geze Gofa, Gofa Zuria, Ethiopia.


date: July 30

text: July 30 – At least 334 people are killed, over 200 injured, and 281 missing following landslides in Wayanad district, Kerala, India.


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Heavy rainfall in Central Europe triggers the worst flooding in the region since 2010.


date: September 26

text: September 26 – Hurricane Helene, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Maria in 2017, makes landfall in Florida as a category four hurricane. It has a death toll of 236 and leaves more than 685 missing.


date: October 7

text: October 7 – Hurricane Milton becomes the fourth most intense hurricane in the Atlantic Basin, and the most intense storm in the Gulf of Mexico tying with Hurricane Rita in 2005. Milton is also the first hurricane to reach a pressure below 900 millibars in nearly 20 years.


date: October 29

text: October 29 – 2024 Spanish floods: Spain experiences its worst flooding in half a century, with over 200 killed and many more missing, as a year's worth of rain falls in eight hours.


date: December 14

text: December 14 – Cyclone Chido makes landfall in Mayotte, causing at least 172 deaths and bringing devastating damage to the island.


date: December 17

text: December 17 – The capital of Vanuatu, Port Vila, suffers extensive damage after a 7.3 earthquake. At least 16 people are killed.


date: January 31

text: January 31 – Sultan of Johor Ibrahim Iskandar ascends the throne as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.


date: May 7

text: May 7–11 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2024 is held in Malmö, Sweden. Swiss contestant Nemo wins with the song "The Code".


date: June 1

text: June 1–29 – The 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup is co-hosted by the West Indies and the United States, and is won by India.


date: June 20

text: June 20 – July 14 – The 2024 Copa América is held in the United States, and is won by Argentina.


date: July 26

text: July 26 – August 11 – The 2024 Summer Olympics are held in Paris, France. The controversial opening ceremony and the boxing match of Luca Hámori and Imane Khelif spark international debate.


date: August 28

text: August 28 – September 8 – The 2024 Summer Paralympics are held in Paris, France.


date: October 3

text: October 3–20 – The 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates, and is won by New Zealand.


date: November 11

text: November 11–22 – COP29 is held in Baku, Azerbaijan.


date: December 11

text: December 11 – FIFA announces that Morocco, Portugal and Spain will jointly host the 2030 World Cup, with anniversary matches to be held in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, while Saudi Arabia is confirmed as the host for 2034.


date: December 12

text: December 12 – Indian chess prodigy Gukesh Dommaraju defeats former world champion Ding Liren in the 2024 World Chess Championship, breaking the previous age record of 22 set by Garry Kasparov by becoming champion at 18 years, 195 days old.


date: December 24

text: December 24 – The 2025 Jubilee in the Catholic Church begins.


date: February 4

text: February 4 – President of Namibia Hage Geingob dies at the age of 82, and is succeeded by his vice-president Nangolo Mbumba.


date: February 6

text: February 6 – Former President of Chile Sebastián Piñera dies in a helicopter crash at the age of 74.


date: February 16

text: February 16 – Alexei Navalny, a Russian opposition leader, dies under mysterious circumstances at the age of 47.


date: March 26

text: March 26 – A container ship collides with the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, causing a total collapse of the bridge and the deaths of six people.


date: April 29

text: April 29 – 50 people are killed, and 84 are reported missing, when a railway embankment fails near Mai Mahiu, Kenya, adding to the devastation caused by wider floods in Kenya and Tanzania which have caused the deaths of 488 people and the displacement of 503,000.


date: June 23

text: June 23 – 2024 Hajj disaster: More than 1,300 people are reported to have died due to extreme heat during the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.


date: August 3

text: August 3 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam elects Tô Lâm as the new General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, succeeding Nguyễn Phú Trọng, who died on July 19.


date: December 21

text: December 21 – Thirty-nine people died and another seven are injured after a multiple-vehicle collision occurs on the BR-116 highway in Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is the deadliest traffic accident on federal highways in Brazil since 2007, when numbers were first monitored.


date: January 6

text: January 6 – Indonesia becomes the tenth member to join BRICS.


date: January 23

text: January 23 – Micheál Martin is re-elected prime minister (Taoiseach) of Ireland by Dáil Éireann for a second non-consecutive term.


date: January 29

text: January 29 – Ahmed al-Sharaa is appointed as the president of Syria, after a one-month vacancy following the fall of the Assad regime.


date: February 18

text: February 18 – Vladimir Putin announces that Russia and the United States have officially agreed to restore diplomatic relations. A four-hour summit between the US and Russia is held in Saudi Arabia.


date: February 23

text: February 23 – 2025 German federal election: After being pushed forward as a result of the 2024 German government crisis, the centre-right CDU/CSU becomes the largest party, with big gains from the far-right AfD, resulting in a second-place finish.


date: February 28

text: February 28 – A meeting between U.S. president Donald Trump and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy takes place at the White House. Trump and V.P. JD Vance sharply criticise Zelenskyy, raising questions about support for Ukraine, a proposed end to the war, and the country's future in general.


date: May 3

text: May 3 – 2025 Australian federal election: The incumbent Labor Party led by Anthony Albanese wins reelection, increasing their majority.


date: May 6

text: May 6 – 2025 German federal election: Friedrich Merz is elected Chancellor of Germany in the second round of parliamentary voting, hours after being defeated in the first round, a first in post-WWII German history.


date: May 18

text: May 18 – 2025 Romanian presidential election: Following the annulment of the previous election, Bucharest mayor Nicușor Dan wins in the second round, beating George Simion.


date: June 1

text: June 1 – 2025 Polish presidential election: Karol Nawrocki is narrowly elected President of Poland in the second round of voting, beating Rafał Trzaskowski.


date: June 27

text: June 27 – The U.S., with Qatari support, brokers a preliminary peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, ending their armed conflict that started in 2022.


date: July 21

text: July 21 – Twenty-eight countries issue a joint statement calling for an immediate end to the Gaza war, saying it has "reached new depths" in terms of the suffering of civilians.


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Armenia and Azerbaijan sign a peace deal to end 37-year-old hostilities regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.


date: August 15

text: August 15 – 2025 Russia–United States Summit: US president Donald Trump meets with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Anchorage, Alaska, to discuss a plan for resolving the Russo-Ukrainian war.


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Former chief justice Sushila Karki assumes office as interim prime minister of an interim government formed after K. P. Sharma Oli's resignation in Nepal, the decision notably being decided via a poll on a social media platform, Discord.


date: September 21

text: September 21 – The UK, Canada, and Australia announce their formal recognition of Palestine as a sovereign state, with France also doing so the next day.


date: September 28

text: September 28 – 2025 Moldovan parliamentary election: Incumbent pro-European party PAS wins reelection, forming another majority government.


date: October 10

text: October 10 – Dina Boluarte, the President of Peru, is unanimously impeached by the Congress of the Republic.


date: October 21

text: October 21 – Sanae Takaichi becomes the first female Prime Minister of Japan.


date: October 26

text: October 26 – 2025 Argentine legislative election: Incumbent President Javier Milei's party La Libertad Avanza wins the election with over 40% of the votes.


date: October 29

text: October 29 – 2025 Dutch general election: Social liberal party Democrats 66 ties with right-wing populist party Party for Freedom in most number of seats.


date: November 10

text: November 10–21 – The COP30 summit is held in Belém, Brazil, focusing on the role of the Amazon rainforest in climate action.


date: December 14

text: December 14 – 2025 Chilean general election: José Antonio Kast is elected President of Chile. Right-wing coalitions gain control of the Chamber of Deputies and tie in the Senate.


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Israel becomes the first country to recognize Somaliland.


date: January 1

text: January 1 – Fifteen people (including the perpetrator) are killed and 57 others are injured during a vehicle-ramming and shooting attack in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.


date: January 8

text: January 8 – Eighteen gunmen and a soldier are killed in an attack on the presidential palace in N'Djamena, the capital of Chad.


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Gaza war: Israel and Hamas approve a ceasefire agreement that seeks to end the war, exchange Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners, and allow in international aid. It takes effect on January 19.


text: January 15 – The President of South Korea, Yoon Suk Yeol, is successfully arrested after a second attempt by police following a martial law declaration and successful impeachment motion the previous December.


date: January 19

text: January 19 – Gaza war: A ceasefire goes into effect, lasting until an Israeli surprise attack on 18 March.


date: March 3

text: March 3 – The Trump administration pauses military aid to Ukraine, following the Oval Office meeting with Zelenskyy the previous week.


date: March 8

text: March 8 – More than 1,000 people, including civilians, are reported killed in a crackdown by Syrian transitional government security forces in the Alawite region, described as the country's worst violence for years.


date: March 18

text: March 18 – Israel launches widespread aerial bombardments and attacks on the Gaza Strip, killing at least 591 people, including children, ending the ceasefire agreement reached in January.


date: March 19

text: March 19 – Nationwide protests erupt across Turkey following the arrest of the mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İmamoğlu, on charges of corruption and terrorism.


date: April 22

text: April 22 – Pakistan backed attackers affiliated with The Resistance Front open fire on a group of tourists after asking their religion at the Baisaran Valley in Jammu and Kashmir, India, killing 26 and injuring at least 20.


date: May 7

text: May 7 – 2025 India–Pakistan conflict: India launches several missiles into Pakistani territory in response to the 2025 Pahalgam attack two weeks prior.


date: June 10

text: June 10 – 10 people are killed and more than 30 others injured after a gunman opens fire at a school in Graz, Austria.


date: June 13

text: June 13 – Iran–Israel war: Israel conducts air strikes against Iran's nuclear facilities, killing military commanders including Hossein Salami; Iran retaliates.


date: June 22

text: June 22 – Iran–Israel war: The United States carries out B-2 bomber airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear sites in Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.


date: June 23

text: June 23 – Iran launches missiles at US bases in Qatar and Iraq in response to the previous day's strikes.


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Several clashes erupt in southern Syria between armed Druze and Bedouin groups.


date: July 24

text: July 24 – Armed conflicts break out between Cambodia and Thailand after the escalation of a border dispute. At least 39 people are killed and more than 100,000 displaced due to the conflicts.


date: September 8

text: September 8 – Mass anti-government protests erupt in Nepal, resulting in at least 22 deaths and hundreds injured. Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli resigns the following day amidst the demonstrations.


date: September 10

text: September 10 – Charlie Kirk, an American right-wing activist and influential ally of President Trump, is assassinated at a campus event in Utah, prompting widespread reactions and reprisals both domestically and internationally.


date: September 16

text: September 16 – A UN Human Rights Council commission of inquiry finds that Israel has committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Estonian airspace near Vaindloo island is violated by three Russian MiG-31 jets. In response, Estonia invokes Article 4 of NATO.


date: September 27

text: September 27 – 2025 Karur crowd crush: At least 40 people are killed and 51 injured in a crowd crush at a rally held by actor-turned-politician Vijay's party Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK) in Karur, Tamil Nadu, India.


date: October 9

text: October 9 – Israel and Hamas agree to the first phase of a Gaza peace deal, paving the way for a ceasefire, almost exactly two years after the conflict began.


date: December 2

text: December 2 – Yemeni civil war: The Southern Transitional Council launches a large-scale military offensive across Southern Yemen, breaking years of military stalemate in the conflict.


date: April 13

text: April 13 – October 13 – Expo 2025 is held in Osaka, Japan.


date: January 1

text: January 1 – Poland takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Hungarian presidency.


date: April 26

text: April 26 – The funeral of Pope Francis is attended by delegations from 164 countries, including 82 leaders, and 250,000 members of the public.


date: May 7

text: May 7–8 – 2025 conclave: 133 cardinal electors select Robert Francis Prevost as Pope Francis's successor, on the fourth ballot. He takes the name Leo XIV, and becomes the first pope from North America, the first with Peruvian or U.S. citizenship, and the first from the Order of Saint Augustine.


date: May 31

text: May 31 – Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat is sworn in as the new Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra and Bishop of Urgell after the Vatican accepts the resignation of Joan Enric Vives i Sicília for age limitation reasons.


date: October 3

text: October 3 – Dame Sarah Mullally is named the first female Archbishop of Canterbury.


date: November 27

text: November 27–30 – An ecumenical meeting of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church at Nicaea is held to mark the 1,700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea.


date: January 24

text: January 24 – A series of ongoing boycotts in Southeastern European countries took place of several retail stores in that region, in response to raised food prices and alleged price fixing.


date: January 27

text: January 27 – Global technology shares outside China fall sharply in response to the release of DeepSeek's chatbot, a Chinese competitor to OpenAI's ChatGPT. Chip giant Nvidia loses almost $600 billion of its value, the biggest drop for a single company in U.S. stock market history.


date: February 4

text: February 4 – China–United States trade war: China announces export controls and increased tariffs on certain American imports in retaliation for Donald Trump's imposition of tariffs on Chinese goods.


date: March 31

text: March 31 – The Caribbean guilder is introduced, replacing the Netherlands Antillean guilder as the currency for Curaçao and Sint Maarten.


date: April 2

text: April 2 – US President Donald Trump issues sweeping trade tariffs on many countries, including a 10% baseline tariff for all imports.


date: September 8

text: September 8 – 2024–2025 French political crisis: The Bayrou government collapses after losing a no-confidence vote.


date: December 19

text: December 19 – EU leaders approve a €90bn ($105bn) loan for Ukraine for the next two years, which Kyiv will repay only once Russia pays reparations.


date: December 28

text: December 28 – 2025 Iranian protests: Major protests emerge in Iran following an intense inflation spike that saw a severe depreciation in the Iranian rial. These protests are accompanied with demands for an end to the Islamic republic.


text: January 1 – Ukraine halts the transportation of many Russian gas supplies through the country following the expiration of a five-year transit deal, while also becoming a state party in the International Criminal Court.


date: February 9

text: February 9 – The Baltic states complete synchronization of their power grids with continental Europe's grid, disconnecting from Russia's grid.


date: February 10

text: February 10 – A bus falls off a bridge over the Las Vacas River in Guatemala City, Guatemala, killing at least 55 people, and seriously injuring 9 others.


date: March 11

text: March 11 – Balochistan Liberation Army militants blow up railway tracks and hijack the Jaffar Express train bound from Quetta to Peshawar, taking 450 people hostages including both security personnel and civilians.


date: April 17

text: April 17 – The atmosphere of K2-18b, a candidate water world located 124 light-years away, is found to contain large quantities of dimethyl sulfide and/or dimethyl disulfide – two compounds that, on Earth, are only known to be produced by life.


date: August 7

text: August 7 – OpenAI's model GPT-5 is released.


date: August 15

text: August 15–17 – The first World Humanoid Robot Games are held in Beijing, China.


date: January 1

text: January 1 – The first versions of the Popeye and Tintin characters have entered the Public domain.


date: January 13

text: January 13 – C/2024 G3 (ATLAS), a non-periodic comet, reaches perihelion, and is dubbed The Great Comet of 2025.


date: January 16

text: January 16 – Blue Origin successfully launches its heavy-lift launch vehicle, New Glenn, on its first attempt, though fails to land its first stage booster as intended.


date: March 2

text: March 2 – Firefly Aerospace becomes the first commercial company to successfully land on the Moon with no technical issues, with its Blue Ghost Mission 1.


date: March 8

text: March 8–17 – The 2025 Special Olympics World Winter Games are held in Turin, Italy.


date: April 1

text: April 1 – Fram2 launches aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, becoming the first crewed spaceflight to enter a polar retrograde orbit.


date: April 7

text: April 7 – Colossal Biosciences showcases three grey wolves that are genetically modified to exhibit the characteristics of the dire wolf.


date: June 25

text: June 25 – The Axiom Mission 4 is launched. The mission involves four astronauts, including the first astronauts from Poland (Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski) and India (Shubhanshu Shukla) since the end of the Cold War.


date: July 23

text: July 23 – The International Court of Justice (ICJ) rules that countries can sue each other over historical emissions of greenhouse gases and the effects of climate change.


text: August 7–17 – The 2025 World Games are held in Chengdu, China.


date: October 14

text: October 14 – Microsoft ends support for Windows 10 that started in 2015.


date: November 6

text: November 6 – Khaled El-Enany is elected the new Director-General of UNESCO.


date: November 13

text: November 13 – The New Glenn rocket booster lands for the first time.


date: December 20

text: December 20 – German engineer Michaela Benthaus becomes the first wheelchair user to travel into space, aboard the Blue Origin NS-37.


date: January 15

text: January 15 – Colossal Biosciences and University of Melbourne create the world's first artificial womb in marsupials as part of their project toward de-extinction of the thylacine.


date: April 28

text: April 28 – A widespread power outage affects Spain and Portugal for hours. Andorra is affected for a few seconds while southern France is lightly affected.


date: November 25

text: November 25 – A report published by the United Nations shows that Indonesian capital Jakarta has surpassed Japanese capital Tokyo as the world's largest city, with a population of 42 million people.


text: January 1 – Thirteen people are killed and 3 more injured in a shooting in Cetinje, Montenegro.


date: January 25

text: January 25 – The Dacian-era Helmet of Coțofenești, on loan from the National History Museum of Romania, is stolen along with three other gold artifacts from the Drents Museum in Assen by thieves who broke into the museum using explosives.


date: February 4

text: February 4 – At least 11 people (and the perpetrator) are killed and another 15 are injured after a gunman opens fire at an adult education centre in Örebro, Sweden, the deadliest mass shooting in the country's history.


date: March 11

text: March 11 – The former President of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, is arrested in the Philippines after being served an arrest warrant from the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity.


date: April 3

text: April 3 – Hungary withdraws from the International Criminal Court after Israeli Prime Minister and accused war criminal Benjamin Netanyahu lands in Budapest for a state visit, in defiance of the International Criminal Court's arrest warrant against him.


date: September 11

text: September 11 – The Supreme Federal Court convicts former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro and sentences him to 27 years in prison for his involvement in the 2022 Brazilian coup plot.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Israel intercepts the Global Sumud Flotilla, a fleet carrying humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip, in international waters, arresting 443 activists from 47 countries.


date: October 13

text: October 13 – Gaza war: Hamas releases the last 20 living hostages in Gaza after they were kidnapped during the 2023 October 7 attacks. In exchange, Israel releases 250 Palestinian prisoners and more than 1,700 detainees.


date: October 19

text: October 19 – 2025 Louvre heist: Pieces of the French Crown Jewels are stolen during a robbery from the Galerie d'Apollon of the Louvre in Paris.


date: October 26

text: October 26 – El Fashir massacre: Mass murder is reported during which an estimated 2,500 or more civilians have been executed by the Rapid Support Forces in the city of El Fashir, Sudan.


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Operation Containment: In Rio de Janeiro, more than 120 people are killed in raids targeting criminal organization Comando Vermelho during the deadliest police operation in Brazilian history.


date: November 17

text: November 17 – Former prime minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina is found guilty of crimes against humanity by a Bangladeshi tribunal and sentenced to death in absentia.


date: January 11

text: January 11 – A gas station explosion in Al Bayda, Yemen, results in 40 deaths and dozens of others injured.


date: January 18

text: January 18 – 98 people are killed in a fuel tanker explosion near Suleja, Niger State, Nigeria.


date: January 21

text: January 21 – 78 people are killed after a fire breaks out in a hotel at the Kartalkaya ski resort in Turkey.


date: January 29

text: January 29 – 2025 Potomac River mid-air collision: A United States Army Black Hawk helicopter with three occupants on board, collides with a Bombardier CRJ700 operated by PSA Airlines with 64 occupants on board in Washington, D.C., United States. There were no survivors.


date: March 16

text: March 16 – A fire breaks out in a nightclub in Kočani, North Macedonia, killing at least 59 people and injuring 155 others.


date: March 21

text: March 21 – A major power outage causes Heathrow Airport in London to completely shut down, with disruption expected to last for days, affecting thousands of flights around the world.


date: April 8

text: April 8 – During a concert performance by Rubby Pérez in Santo Domingo, a nightclub roof collapses, killing at least 231 people, including Pérez, and injures more than 200 others.


date: April 15

text: April 15 – A motorized wooden boat capsizes after catching fire in the Congo River near the town of Mbandaka in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing at least 148 people.


date: April 26

text: April 26 – An explosion in the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Bandar Abbas, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,000.


date: June 12

text: June 12 – Air India Flight 171, a London-bound Boeing 787, crashes into a building after take-off from Ahmedabad, India, killing 229 passengers, 12 crew on board, and 19 people on the ground. One passenger survives the crash. It is the first fatal crash and hull loss involving a Boeing 787 Dreamliner.


date: July 21

text: July 21 – 2025 Dhaka Chengdu J-7 crash: An F-7 BGI training aircraft of the Bangladesh Air Force crashes into Milestone College in Uttara, Dhaka, killing 31 people including the pilot.


date: July 24

text: July 24 – Angara Airlines Flight 2311, operated by an Antonov An-24 aircraft, crashes near Tynda in Eastern Siberia, Russia. All 48 people on board are killed.


date: August 19

text: August 19 – A multi-vehicle collision involving a bus carrying migrants deported from Iran, a motorcycle and a truck kills at least 79 people in Herat Province, Afghanistan.


date: September 3

text: September 3 – At least 16 people are killed and over 21 are injured after the Glória funicular derailment in the centre of Lisbon, Portugal.


date: September 10

text: September 10 – A liquid petroleum gas truck overturns and explodes at an overpass in Iztapalapa, Mexico City, killing 32 people and injuring 90 others.


date: November 4

text: November 4 – UPS Airlines Flight 2976, a Honolulu-bound McDonnell Douglas MD-11F, crashes shortly after take-off near Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport in Kentucky, United States, killing all three crew members and 12 people on the ground, as well as injuring 22 others.


date: November 26

text: November 26 – A massive fire engulfs the Wang Fuk Court apartment block in Hong Kong, killing at least people and leaving over 150 missing.


date: December 6

text: December 6 – A fire at a nightclub in Arpora, Goa, India, leaves at least 25 people dead and 50 injured.


date: December 23

text: December 23 – Harmony Jets Flight 185, a Dassault Falcon 50, crashes near Ankara, Turkey, killing all eight people on board, including Libyan Army chief of staff Mohammed al-Haddad.


date: January 7

text: January 7 – A 7.1 magnitude earthquake strikes Tibet, China, killing at least 126 people, while another 338 are injured.


text: January 7 – Greater Los Angeles experiences the most destructive wildfires in its history, fueled by strong winds and prolonged drought conditions. Over 13,000 structures are destroyed. At least 29 deaths are reported, while 180,000 people are evacuated, with fires continuing for days.


date: January 10

text: January 10 – The European Copernicus Climate Change Service reports that 2024 was the world's hottest year on record, and the first calendar year to pass the symbolic threshold of 1.5 °C of global warming.


date: January 24

text: January 24 – Storm Éowyn hits Ireland and the United Kingdom. Record high wind speeds of 183 kph are recorded in Ireland, while over a million homes are left without power.


date: March 12

text: March 12 – 2025 Belizean general election: The incumbent People's United Party wins a second term in a landslide victory.


date: March 21

text: March 21 – South Korea experiences one of its worst wildfires in modern history; over 87 000 hectares of land are destroyed in South Gyeongsang Province, killing at least 32 people.


date: March 28

text: March 28 – A 7.7-magnitude earthquake occurs in Myanmar, resulting in 5,413 killed and 11,402 injured.


date: May 3

text: May 3 – 2025 Singaporean general election: The incumbent People's Action Party led by Lawrence Wong wins reelection in a landslide, retaining a supermajority government.


date: May 28

text: May 28 – 2025 Nigeria floods: More than 500 people are killed, and hundreds more missing after flooding in Mokwa.


date: June 20

text: June 20 – An EF5 tornado strikes southeast of Enderlin, North Dakota, becoming the first EF5 tornado globally since May 20, 2013.


date: July 4

text: July 4–7 – At least 135 people are killed and over a hundred reported missing during a flood in Central Texas, United States.


date: July 30

text: July 30 – An 8.8 earthquake strikes off the coast of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula, triggering tsunami warnings in Japan and Hawaii.


date: August 22

text: August 22 – Famine is confirmed in Gaza City for the first time after the UN-backed body responsible for monitoring food security raises its classification to Phase 5, the highest and worst level. The IPC says more than 500,000 people are now facing "starvation, destitution and death".


date: August 31

text: August 31 – An earthquake in eastern Afghanistan kills over 2,200 people and injures 3,500.


text: August 31 – Between 370 and 1,000 people are reported killed in a landslide caused by heavy rain that buries the village of Tarasin in the Marrah Mountains of Central Darfur and leaves one survivor.


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Thousands of protesters across the Philippines gather at the EDSA Shrine in Quezon City for the Trillion Peso March and at Luneta Park in Manila for the Baha sa Luneta demonstrations, demanding government accountability over alleged corruption in flood control and infrastructure projects.


date: September 30

text: September 30 – A 6.9 earthquake shakes the island of Cebu in the Philippines, leaving 71 people dead and 559 injured.


date: October 24

text: October 24 – 2025 Irish presidential election: Independent candidate Catherine Connolly wins the election in a landslide, defeating Fine Gael candidate Heather Humphreys.


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Hurricane Melissa makes a catastrophic landfall in Jamaica as a Category 5 hurricane, with sustained wind speeds up to , becoming the strongest hurricane to strike the country in recorded history.


date: November 3

text: November 3 – A powerful 6.3 earthquake shakes the provinces of Balkh and Samangan in Afghanistan, causing 31 deaths and 956 injuries.


date: November 4

text: November 4 – Typhoon Kalmaegi leaves more than 288 people dead in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand.


date: November 26

text: November 26 – Cyclone Senyar causes at least 1,390 deaths and leaves 186 missing in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.


date: November 28

text: November 28 – Flooding and landslides caused by Cyclone Ditwah leave at least 647 dead and 183 missing across Sri Lanka and South India.


date: December 8

text: December 8 – A 7.6 earthquake occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Aomori Prefecture in Japan, triggering a tsunami up to 70 cm high.


date: January 1

text: January 1 – Liechtenstein becomes the 37th country to legalize same-sex marriage.


date: January 14

text: January 14 – February 2 – The 2025 World Men's Handball Championship is held in Croatia, Denmark and Norway, and is won by Denmark.


date: January 23

text: January 23 – Thailand becomes the 38th country and the first in Southeastern Asia to legalize same-sex marriage.


date: February 17

text: February 17 – 2025 Indonesian protests: A series of ongoing nationwide protests are held following the enactment of a legislation increasing military involvement in civilian government roles.


date: February 18

text: February 18 – Following a constitutional reform, Nicaragua becomes a diarchy with spouses Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo as co-presidents.


date: April 26

text: April 26 – At least 11 people are killed and at least 32 others are injured in a vehicle-ramming attack at the annual Lapu Lapu Day festival in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.


date: May 9

text: May 9–25 – The 2025 IIHF World Championship is held in Stockholm, Sweden, and Herning, Denmark, and is won by the United States.


date: May 13

text: May 13–17 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2025 is held in Basel, Switzerland. Austrian contestant JJ wins with the song "Wasted Love".


date: May 25

text: May 25 – The 2025 Surinamese general election is held.


date: June 14

text: June 14 – July 13 – The 2025 FIFA Club World Cup is held in the United States, and is won by Chelsea.


date: June 16

text: June 16–17 – The 51st G7 summit is held in Kananaskis, Canada.


date: July 11

text: July 11 – August 3 – The 2025 World Aquatics Championships are held in Singapore.


date: August 22

text: August 22 – September 27 – The 2025 Women's Rugby World Cup is held in, and is won by, England.


date: September 12

text: September 12–28 – The 2025 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship is held in Pasay and Quezon City, the Philippines, and is won by Italy.


date: September 13

text: September 13–21 – The 2025 World Athletics Championships are held in Tokyo, Japan.


date: September 20

text: September 20 – Intervision 2025 is held in Moscow, Russia. Vietnamese contestant Đức Phúc wins with the song "Phù Đổng Thiên Vương".


date: October 21

text: October 21 – American Eric Lu wins the quinquennial XIX International Chopin Piano Competition at the National Philharmonic in Warsaw, Poland.


date: November 21

text: November 21 – December 7 – The 2025 FIFA Futsal Women's World Cup is held in the Philippines, and is won by Brazil.


date: November 22

text: November 22–23 – The G20 Johannesburg summit is held in South Africa, the first time a G20 summit has been held in Africa.


date: November 26

text: November 26 – December 14 – The 2025 World Women's Handball Championship is held in Germany and the Netherlands, and is won by Norway.


date: December 13

text: December 13 – The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025 is held in Tbilisi, Georgia. French contestant Lou Deleuze wins with the song "Ce monde".


date: December 14

text: December 14 – At least 16 people are killed and 43 injured in a mass shooting, classified as a terrorist attack, by two gunmen at Bondi Beach in Sydney during a celebration for the start of the Jewish festival of Hanukkah.


date: December 21

text: December 21 – January 18 – The 2025 Africa Cup of Nations is held in Morocco, and is won by Senegal.


date: February 25

text: February 25 – An Antonov An-26 of the Sudanese Air Force crashes in a residential area, near the Wadi Seidna Air Base. All 17 occupants onboard and 29 people on the ground died.


date: April 21

text: April 21 – Pope Francis, head of the Catholic Church since 2013, dies at the age of 88. World leaders pay tribute. Many countries declare national mourning.


text: Emperor Septimius Severus rebuilds Byzantium, and expands the southern frontier of Africa, with the metropolis Carthage re-fortified.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Gaius Fulvius Plautianus and Publius Septimius Geta become Roman Consuls.


text: Battle of Xiakou: Warlord Sun Quan battles his rival Huang Zu along the Yangtze River near Wuhan.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: Prince Vijaya becomes king of the Andhra Empire. During his reign, the empire is broken apart into smaller independent principalities.

source_section: Events › By place › India


text: Origen replaces Clement as the head of the Christian school in Alexandria.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: The Portico of Octavia is reconstructed.


text: An arch dedicated to Septimius Severus is erected near the Forum.


section: Births

text: Zhuge Ke, Chinese general and politician (d. 253)

source_section: Births


text: Wu Jing, Chinese general under Sun Ce

source_section: Deaths


text: Ŭl P'a-so, Korean official and Prime-Minister


text: Ling Cao, Chinese general under Sun Ce


text: Sun Yi, Chinese general and politician (b. 184)


text: Perpetua and Felicity, Christian martyrs


text: Lucius Fabius Cilo and Marcus Annius Flavius Libo become Roman Consuls.


text: Battle of Ye: Warlord Cao Cao lays siege to and captures the military headquarter of Yuan Shao in Ye.


text: Gongsun Kang, Chinese warlord of Liaodong, establishes the Daifang Commandery in northern Korea.


text: A trade recession in the Leptis Magna region (Africa) is alleviated by Emperor Septimius Severus, who buys up the country's olive oil for free distribution in Rome.

source_section: Events › By topic › Commerce


text: The Daysan River floods Edessa.


text: Zhuge Qiao, Chinese official and general (d. 228)


text: Cao Rui, Chinese emperor of Cao Wei (d. 239)


text: Wei Zhao, Chinese historian (d. 273)


text: Elagabalus, Roman emperor (d. 222)


text: Philip the Arab, Roman emperor (d. 249)


text: Dong Jue, Chinese official and general


text: Ren Jun, Chinese general under Cao Cao


text: Gongsun Du, Chinese general and warlord (b. 150)


text: Xu You, Chinese adviser and strategist


text: Xin Ping, Chinese official and minister


text: Shen Pei, Chinese official and minister


text: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman Consuls.


text: Hadrian's Wall is restored, after heavy raids by Caledonian tribes had overrun much of northern Britain.


date: January 22

text: January 22 – Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, a praetorian prefect and father-in-law of Caracalla, is assassinated.


text: Battle of Nanpi: Warlord Cao Cao defeats and kills Yuan Tan, the eldest son of his rival Yuan Shao.


text: End of the Yellow Turban Rebellion


text: Sima Wang, Chinese prince and general (d. 271)


text: Plotinus, Greek philosopher and writer (d. 270)


text: Shan Tao, Chinese Taoist scholar and official (d. 283)


text: Gu Tan, Chinese official and politician (d. 246)


text: Zhang Xiu (or Shusi), Chinese general (d. 245)


text: January 22 – Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, Roman consul


text: Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus, Roman consul


text: Yuan Tan, Chinese general and warlord


text: Guo Tu (or Gongze), Chinese official and politician


text: Popilius Pedo Apronianus, Roman politician


text: Aemilius Papinianus becomes praetorian prefect, after the death of Gaius Fulvius Plautianus.


text: Hadrian's Wall is retaken for the first time, since the Pictish uprising of 180.


text: Emperor Septimius Severus goes to Britain, with his sons Caracalla and Geta.


text: Wang Jun (or Shizhi), Chinese general (d. 286)


text: Trebonianus Gallus, Roman emperor (d. 253)


text: Gao Gan, Chinese warlord, politician


text: Ying Shao, Chinese politician, writer (b. 140)


text: Taishi Ci (or Ziyi), Chinese general (b. 166)


text: Battle of White Wolf Mountain: Warlord Cao Cao defeats the Wuhuan tribes, sending the Wuhuan into decline.


text: Liu Shan (or Gongsi), Chinese emperor (d. 271)


text: Yuan Xi (or Xianyong), Chinese warlord


text: Yuan Shang, Chinese warlord and governor


text: Zhang Xiu, Chinese general and warlord


text: Guo Jia, Chinese adviser and official (b. 170)


text: Tadun, Chinese chieftain of the Wuhuan tribe


text: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman consuls.


text: Ardashir I, ruler of Istakhr (Persia), revolts against his brother and founds the Sassanid Dynasty.

source_section: Events › By place › Parthia


text: King Vologases VI succeeds his father Vologases V to the throne. His brother Artabanus V begins a rebellion against him in the Parthian Empire.


text: Warlord Cao Cao marches south with his army, and captures the enemy fleet at Jiangling.


text: Spring – Battle of Jiangxia: Sun Quan defeats Huang Zu.


text: Britain is divided: in the north, Lower Britain (Britannia Inferior) is administered from the fortress at Eburacum (modern York), and in the south, Upper Britain (Britannia Superior) is controlled by the legions at Deva Victrix (Chester) and Isca Augusta (Caerleon) with its capital at Londinium (London).


text: Winter – Zhou Yu and Liu Bei defeat Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs; along with the Battle of Yamen and Battle of Lake Poyang. This is one of the largest naval battles in China's history.


text: Battle of Changban: Warlord Liu Bei escapes from Cao Cao.


text: Emperor Septimius Severus leads an expedition (20,000 men) into Britannia, crosses Hadrian's Wall and moves through eastern Scotland. The Roman army pushes the Caledonians back to the River Tay and Severus signs a peace treaty. He repairs the Antonine Wall (his repairs are sometimes called the Severan Wall).


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Cao Cao writes Duǎn Ge Xíng.


text: Cao Li, Chinese imperial prince (d. 229)


text: Diadumenian, Roman emperor (d. 218)


text: Sima Shi, Chinese general and regent (d. 255)


text: Severus Alexander, Roman emperor (d. 235)


text: Liu Biao, Chinese governor and warlord (b. 142)


text: Liu Fu, Chinese governor and politician


text: Kong Rong, Chinese warlord and politician (b. 153)


text: Hua Tuo, Chinese physician and surgeon (b. 140)


text: Vologases V, king of the Parthian Empire


text: Huang Zu, Chinese general and administrator


text: Cao Chong (or Cangshu), Chinese warlord (b. 196)


text: Septimius Severus makes plans to subdue the land to the north of Scotland, ravaging it severely. Road-building and forest-clearing, the Roman army reaches Aber; Scottish tribes begin guerrilla warfare.


text: Publius Septimius Geta receives the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, Emperor Septimius Severus.


text: Chandra Shri Satakarni begins his reign, as ruler of the Satavahana Dynasty in Andhra Pradesh (approximate date).


text: Dongcheon, Korean ruler of Goguryeo (d. 248)


text: Fu Jia, Chinese official and politician (d. 255)


text: Guan Lu, Chinese diviner and politician (d. 256)


text: Sun Deng (or Zigao), Chinese crown prince (d. 241)


text: Xiahou Xuan, Chinese general and politician (d. 254)


text: Jin Xuan (or Yuanji), Chinese official and warlord


text: Xun Yue, Chinese scholar and official (b. 148)


text: Liu Qi, Chinese general, governor and politician


text: Chen Deng, Chinese general and politician (b. 170)


text: Li Tong, Chinese general and politician (b. 168)


year_label: 21 CE

text: The Aedui revolt under Julius Florus and Julius Sacrovir; the revolt is suppressed by Gaius Silius.

source_section: Events › 21 AD › Roman Empire


text: King Daeso of Dongbuyeo is killed in battle against the armies of Goguryeo, led by its third ruler, King Daemusin.

source_section: Events › 21 AD › Korea


text: The Romans create a buffer state in the territory of the Quadi, in southern Slovakia.


text: Barracks are constructed for the Praetorian Guard, on the Quirinal (located on the Seven Hills of Rome).


text: The manufacture of pens and metal writing tools begins in Rome (approximate date).


text: Emperor Tiberius is a Roman Consul for the fourth time.


text: Arminius, Germanic military leader (b. 18/17 BC)

source_section: Deaths › 21 AD


text: Daeso of Dongbuyeo, Korean king (b. 60 BC)


text: Clutorius Priscus, Roman poet (b. c. 20 BC)


text: Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus, Roman consul (b. 11 BC)


text: Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, Roman governor (b. c. 51 BC)


text: Wang (or Xiaomu), Chinese empress of the Xin Dynasty


text: Having suffered heavy losses since invading Scotland in 208, Emperor Septimius Severus sends his son - Caracalla - to systematically wipe out and torture the Scots into submission.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Claudius II, Roman emperor (d. 270)


text: Ruan Ji, Chinese musician and poet (d. 263)


text: Egnatius Lucillianus, Roman governor (d. 244)


text: Dexippus, Greek historian and general (d. 273)


text: Liu Hong, Chinese astronomer and politician (b. 129)


text: Cao Chun, Chinese general and adviser (b. 170)


text: Zhou Yu, Chinese general and strategist (b. 175)


text: Sextus Empiricus, Greek philosopher and writer


date: March

text: March – September: Battle of Tong Pass: Cao Cao defeats Ma Chao.


text: Eboracum becomes the capital of Britannia Inferior, a northern province of the Roman Empire.


text: Ardashir I becomes king of part of Persia.


date: January

text: January – Warlord Cao Cao writes Ràng Xiàn Zì Míng Běn Zhì Lìng (讓縣自明本志令)


text: Marcus I is succeeded by Philadelphus, as Patriarch of Constantinople.


text: Baths of Caracalla construction begins (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Art


text: Xiahou Hui (or Yuanrong), Chinese noblewoman (d. 234)


text: Sima Zhao, Chinese general and politician (d. 265)


date: February 4

text: February 4 – Emperor Septimius Severus, having fallen ill, dies in Eboracum (modern-day York) while on campaign in Britain after an 18-year reign. He is later deified by the Senate. His sons Caracalla and Geta succeed him as joint Roman emperors.


text: February 4 – Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (b. 145)


date: December 19

text: December 19 – Geta is lured to come without his bodyguards to meet Caracalla, to discuss a possible reconciliation. When he arrives the Praetorian Guard murders him, and he dies in the arms of his mother Julia Domna.


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Publius Septimius Geta, Roman emperor (b. 189)


text: Fulvia Plautilla, Roman empress and wife of Caracalla


text: Serapion of Antioch, patriarch of Antioch


text: Edessa in Mesopotamia becomes a Roman province.


text: The edict of Emperor Caracalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) extends Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire, with the exception of a limited group that may include Egyptians. The Jewish people are among those who receive citizenship. All free women in the Empire are given the same rights as Roman women.


text: Construction begins on the Baths of Caracalla in Rome.


text: Roman jurist Papinian, one of the famous jurists who flourished during the reign of the late emperor Septimius Severus, refuses to write a legal defence for the murder of Caracalla's brother, Emperor Geta. He is beheaded in Rome, in Caracalla's presence.


text: Caracalla quiets the objections of the Roman army to Geta's murder, by huge donations.


text: Serenus Sammonicus, Roman poet and physician


text: Papinian, Roman jurist and praetorian prefect (b. 142)


text: Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (b. 160)


text: Zhang Hong, Chinese official and politician (b. 153)


text: Xun Yu, Chinese politician and adviser (b. 163)


text: Ma Teng (or Shoucheng), Chinese general and warlord


text: Gao You, Chinese scholar, historian, politician and writer (b 168).


text: Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Han dynasty, is titled Wei Gong (Duke of Wei) and given a fief of ten cities under his domain. This later becomes the Kingdom of Wei.

source_section: Events › By place › China (Han dynasty)


text: Emperor Caracalla leaves Rome and expels some Germanic marauders from Gaul, while his mother, Julia Domna, rules the Empire. He defends the northern Rhine frontier against the Alamanni and the Chatti. Caracalla wins over the Germanic tribes on the banks of the River Main, and gives himself the title "Germanicus". It is probably while campaigning in Germania that he takes a liking to the caracalla, a Celtic or Germanic tunic from which he acquires the name by which he is known.


text: Battle of Ruxu: Cao Cao clashes against Sun Quan.


text: Sun Lü, Chinese general and nobleman (d. 232)


text: Gregory Thaumaturgus, Christian bishop (d. 270)


text: Wei Kang (or Yuanjiang), Chinese politician


text: Tiberius Claudius Cleobulus, Roman politician


text: Zhang Ren, Chinese general under Liu Zhang


text: Zhang Song, Chinese official and adviser


text: The kingdom of Osroene becomes a province of the Roman Empire.


text: Liu Bei takes Yi Province from his clansman Liu Zhang, forming the later basis for Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.


text: The Korean kingdom of Baekje attacks the Mohe tribes.

source_section: Events › By place › Korea


text: Battle of Xiaoyao Ford: General Zhang Liao under the command of Cao Cao beats back Sun Quan at Hefei.


text: Caracalla's victories in Germany ensure his popularity within the Roman army.


text: The defences of Rhaetia are reinforced, in the form of an uninterrupted stone wall.


text: The conspiracy against Cao Cao was leaked, empress Fu Shou was arrested by Cao Cao and incarcerated to death.


text: May 10 – Claudius Gothicus, Roman emperor (d. 270)


date: September 9

text: September 9 – Aurelian, Roman emperor (d. 275)


text: Diophantus, Greek mathematician (approximate date)


text: Cao Gan, Chinese prince and son of Cao Cao (d. 261)


text: Yang Huiyu, Chinese empress dowager (d. 278)


text: Kuai Yue (or Yidu), Chinese politician and adviser


text: Pang Tong, Chinese politician and adviser (b. 179)


text: Pang Tong dies in the hands of the enemy in an ambush at the Valley of the Fallen Phoenix.


text: Sun Qian, Chinese diplomat, general and politician


text: Xun You, Chinese statesman and adviser (b. 157)


text: Peng Yang (or Yongnian), Chinese official (b. 178)


text: Vachagan I becomes king of Caucasian Albania.

source_section: Events › By place › Caucasus


text: Caracalla's troops massacre the population of Alexandria, Egypt, beginning with the leading citizens after the Alexandrian Revolts. The emperor was angry about a satire, produced in Alexandria, mocking his claim that he killed Geta in self-defense.

source_section: Events › By place › Egypt


text: Zhang Liao holds off Sun Quan's invasion force at the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford in Hefei, China.


text: A coin, the Antoninianus, is introduced. The weight of this coin is a mere 1 / 50 of a pound. Copper disappears gradually, and by the middle of the third century, with Rome's economy in crisis, the Antonianus will be the only official currency.


text: Huangfu Mi (or Shi'an), Chinese physician and poet (d. 282)


text: Fu Shou, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty


text: Chen Wu, Chinese general serving under Sun Quan


text: Zhang Cheng, Chinese official serving under Cao Cao


text: Clement of Alexandria, Greek scholar and philosopher


text: Han Sui (or Wenyue), Chinese general and warlord


text: Sun Yu, Chinese warlord and cousin of Sun Quan (b. 177)


text: Caracalla provokes a war with Artabanus V (of Parthia) to imitate his idol Alexander the Great. He crosses the Tigris, destroys towns and spoils the tombs of Arbela. The Roman army annexes Armenia.


text: Chinese warlord Cao Cao is made a vassal and ruler of Wei (Former Wei) by Emperor Xian, the last ruler of the Han Dynasty.


text: Mithraism, which had begun in Persia, is on course to be adopted by many Roman soldiers serving in Asia.


text: The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed with public baths (Thermae), reading rooms, auditoriums, running tracks, and public gardens that cover 20 acres.


text: Emperor Caracalla tricks the Parthians by accepting a marriage proposal. He slaughters his bride and the wedding guests after the celebrations.


text: The basilica of Leptis Magna, ordered by Septimius Severus, is completed.


text: Mani, prophet and founder of Manichaeism (d. 274)


text: Narcissus of Jerusalem, patriarch of Jerusalem


text: Huo Jun (or Zhongmiao), Chinese general and official


text: Zhang Lu, Chinese warlord and religious leader


text: Mao Jie (or Xiaoxian), Chinese official and politician


text: Clement of Alexandria, Greek theologian (approximate date)


text: Pantaenus, Greek theologian (approximate date)


text: Cui Yan (or Jigui), Chinese official and politician (b. 165)


date: April 8

text: April 8 – Caracalla is assassinated by his soldiers near Edessa. Marcus Opellius Macrinus, head of the Praetorian Guard, declares himself Roman emperor.


text: King Artabanus V signs a peace treaty with Rome after he receives 200 million sesterces, for the rebuilding of towns destroyed during the war in Parthia.


text: Summer – Battle of Nisibis: A Roman army, under the command of Macrinus, is defeated in a three days' battle by the Parthians at Nisibis, in the province of Mesopotamia.


text: Battle of Ruxu: Warlord Cao Cao once again clashes with his rival Sun Quan in Yang Province.


date: December 20

text: December 20 – The papacy of Zephyrinus ends. Callixtus I is elected as the sixteenth pope, but is opposed by the theologian Hippolytus who accuses him of laxity and of being a Modalist, one who denies any distinction between the three persons of the Trinity.


text: Hippolytus begins his "pontificate" as antipope and sets up a breakaway church for Christian followers.


text: Macrinus, of Mauretania, becomes the first equestrian Roman emperor.


text: Empress Julia, wife of Septimius Severus and mother of Caracalla and Geta, commits suicide.


text: The Colosseum is badly damaged by fire (lightning) which destroys the wooden upper levels of the amphitheater.


text: According to a tradition noted by 19th-century historian Stephen Glover, the earliest recorded game of association football (soccer) took place in Derby, England as a celebration on Shrove Tuesday, the day before commencement of the Lent season on Ash Wednesday, and 47 days before Easter Sunday

source_section: Events › By topic › Sports


text: Wang Yuanji, Chinese empress dowager (d. 268)


text: Jia Chong, Chinese politician and general (d. 282)


text: Hua He, Chinese official and historian (d. 278)


text: Fu Xuan, Chinese historian and poet (d. 278)


text: April 8 – Caracalla, Roman emperor (b. 188)


text: December 20 – Zephyrinus, pope of Rome


text: Chen Lin, Chinese official and politician


text: Dong Xi (or Yuanshi), Chinese general


text: Ling Tong (or Gongji), Chinese general (b. 189)


text: Lucius Valerius Datus, Roman prefect


text: Sima Lang, Chinese official and politician (b. 171)


text: Wang Can, Chinese politician and poet (b. 177)


text: Lu Su, Chinese general and politician (b. 172)


text: Xu Gan, Chinese philosopher and poet (b. 171)


text: Julia Domna, Roman empress (b. 160)


date: May 16

text: May 16 – Julia Maesa, an aunt of the assassinated Emperor Caracalla, is banished to her home in Syria by the self-proclaimed emperor Macrinus, and declares her grandson Elagabalus, age 14, emperor of Rome.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


date: June 8

text: June 8 – Battle of Antioch: Elagabalus defeats, with the support of the Syrian legions, the forces of Macrinus. Macrinus flees, but is captured near Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia.


text: Spring – Ji Ben (or Ji Ping), Chinese court physician, plots a rebellion in the imperial capital Xu (modern-day Xuchang), but the revolt is suppressed and the conspirators are captured and executed.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 43 percent under the reign of Elagabalus, down from 50 percent under Septimius Severus, as he empties the treasury.


text: Diadumenianus, son of Macrinus, escapes to the Parthian court, but is captured at Zeugma and also put to death.


text: Yu Si, Chinese general and politician


text: Gallienus, Roman emperor (d. 268)


text: June 8 – Macrinus, Roman emperor (b. 165)


text: Ji Ben (or Ji Ping), Chinese physician


text: Cao Zizheng, Chinese marquis and warlord


text: Yue Jin (or Wenqian), Chinese general


text: Gu Shao, Chinese official and politician


text: Diadumenian, son of Macrinus (b. 208)


text: Theoclia, Syrian Roman noblewoman


text: Imperator Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (Elagabalus) and Quintus Tineius Sacerdos become Roman Consuls.


text: The Battle of Mount Dingjun ends with Liu Bei emerging victorious. He declares himself king of Hanzhong afterwards.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: Cao Cao controls the Yellow River basin and northern China. Sun Quan rules southern China. Liu Bei controls Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing).


text: The reign of Pulona, Satavahana king of Andhra, begins in India.

source_section: Events › By place › India


text: Guan Yu floods the fortress at Fan (present-day Fancheng District, Xiangyang, Hubei) in the Battle of Fancheng, while Lü Meng captures his base in Jing Province. Guan Yu retreats to Maicheng, falls into an ambush, and gets captured by Sun Quan's forces.


text: Legions III Gallica and IV Scythica are disbanded by Elagabalus after their leaders, Verus and Gellius Maximus, rebel.


text: Emperor Elagabalus, age 15, is initiated into the worship of the Phrygian gods Cybele and Attis.


text: Tuoba Liwei becomes the first chieftain of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people.


text: Julia Maesa arranges, for her grandson Elagabalus, a marriage with Julia Paula. The wedding is a lavish ceremony and Paula is given the honorific title of Augusta.


text: Sun Jun (or Ziyuan), Chinese general and regent (d. 256)

source_section: Births


text: Hua He (or Yongxian), Chinese official and historian (d. 278)


text: Pang De (or Lingming), Chinese general serving under Cao Cao

source_section: Deaths


text: Sun Jiao (or Shulang), Chinese general serving under Sun Quan


text: Xiahou Yuan (or Miaocai), Chinese general serving under Cao Cao


text: Zhang Zhongjing, Chinese physician and pharmacologist (b. 150)


text: Lu Ji (or Gongji), Chinese scholar, official and politician (b. 188)


text: Yang Xiu (or Dezi), Chinese official, adviser and chancellor (b. 175)


text: Sima Fang (or Jianong), Chinese official and politician (b. 149)


text: Marcus Munatius Sulla Cerialis, Roman governor and politician


text: Jiang Qin (or Gongyi), Chinese general serving under Sun Quan


year_label: 22 CE

text: Drusus Julius Caesar receives the tribunicia potestas (tribunician power).

source_section: Events › 22 AD › Roman Empire


text: Valeria Messalina, third wife of Emperor Claudius (d. 48 AD)

source_section: Births › 22 AD


text: Gaius Ateius Capito, Roman jurist and suffect consul (b. c. 30 BC)

source_section: Deaths › 22 AD


text: Junia Tertia, wife of Gaius Cassius Longinus (b. c. 75 BC)


date: December 11

text: December 11 – Cao Pi receives the abdication of Emperor Xian of Han and proclaims himself emperor of Cao Wei. This ends the Han dynasty, the former emperor being created Duke of Shanyang.


text: Imperator Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (Elagabalus) and Publius Valerius Comazon become Roman consuls.


text: The Goths invade Asia Minor and the Balkans.


text: King Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty, gains support from some Parthian sub-kings and revolts against the rule of Vologases VI. Ardashir, a grandson of Sasan, had ruled Persis since 208 and six years earlier gained control of the region surrounding Persepolis.

source_section: Events › By place › Parthian Empire


text: An Indian delegation visits the Roman emperor Elagabalus.


text: The Wei dynasty gives official recognition to Taoism as its religious sect, and the sect's celestial masters reciprocate, by giving spiritual approbation to the Wei as successors to the Han. By the end of the century, most powerful families in northern China have subscribed to Daoist principles.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: Great frost in Roman Britain is said to have lasted for five months.


text: Elagabalus divorces Julia Paula and marries Aquilia Severa, a Vestal Virgin. The wedding causes an enormous controversy – traditionally, the punishment for breaking celibacy is death by being buried alive.


text: Wei Guan, Chinese official of the Cao Wei state and the Western Jin dynasty (d. 291)


date: March 15

text: March 15 – Cao Cao, Imperial Chancellor and ruler of the Kingdom of Wei, dies.


text: March 15 – Cao Cao, Chinese warlord of the Eastern Han dynasty (b. 155)


date: June 13

text: June 13 – Xiahou Dun, Chinese general serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Cao Cao


date: December

text: December – Cheng Yu, Chinese official serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Cao Cao (b. 141)


text: Guan Yu, Chinese general serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Liu Bei


text: Tertullian, first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature (b. 155)


text: Lü Meng, Chinese general serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Sun Quan (b. 178)


text: Bassilla, Roman actress, dancer and singer (approximate year)


text: Huang Zhong, Chinese general serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Liu Bei


text: Fa Zheng, Chinese official serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Liu Bei (b. 176)


date: May 15

text: May 15 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord and descendant of the imperial clan of the Han dynasty, proclaims himself emperor in Chengdu, Sichuan, and establishes the state of Shu Han.


date: June 26

text: June 26 – Emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir, and receives the title of Caesar.


date: July

text: July – Elagabalus is forced to divorce Aquilia Severa, and marries his third wife Annia Faustina. After five months he returns to Severa, and claims that the original divorce is invalid. The marriage is symbolic, because Elagabalus appears to be homosexual or bisexual. According to the historian Cassius Dio, he has a stable relationship with his chariot driver, the slave Hierocles.


text: Yang Hu, Chinese general and politician (d. 278)


text: Liu Ling, Chinese poet and scholar (d. 300)


date: August 4

text: August 4 – Lady Zhen, Chinese noblewoman (b. 183)


text: Mi Zhu, Chinese general and politician (b. 165)


text: Yu Jin, Chinese general serving under Cao Cao


text: Dong He (or Youzai), Chinese official and politician


text: Zhang Fei, Chinese general and politician


text: Alexander Severus succeeds Elagabalus. He is only 13 years old; his mother, Julia Avita Mamaea, governs the Roman Empire with the help of Domitius Ulpianus and a council composed of 16 senators.


date: March 13

text: March 13 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber.


text: Battle of Xiaoting/Yiling: The Chinese state of Shu Han is defeated by Eastern Wu.


date: October 14

text: October 14 – Pope Callixtus I is killed by a mob in Rome's Trastevere after a 5-year reign in which he has stabilized the Saturday fast three times per year, with no food, oil, or wine to be consumed on those days. Callixtus is succeeded by Cardinal Urban I.


text: The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 35 percent under emperor Alexander Severus, down from 43 percent under Elagabalus.

source_section: Events › By topic › Commerce


text: Du Yu (or Yuankai), Chinese general and politician (d. 285)


text: Marcus Aurelius Carus, Roman emperor (d. 283)


text: Zhang Liao (or Wenyuan), Chinese general (b. 169)


text: Ma Liang, Chinese diplomat and politician (b. 187)


text: Bardaisan, Syriac scholar and philosopher (b. 154)


text: Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus (b. 180)


text: Ma Chao, Chinese general and warlord (b. 176)


text: Xu Jing (or Wenxiu), Chinese official and politician


text: Elagabalus, Roman emperor (b. 203)


text: Liu Ba (or Zichu), Chinese official and politician


text: Cheng Ji (or Jiran), Chinese general


text: Callixtus I, pope of the Catholic Church


text: Feng Xi (or Xiuyuan), Chinese general


text: Annia Faustina, Roman noblewoman and empress


text: Hierocles, favourite and lover of Elagabalus


text: Battle of Dongkou: The Chinese state of Cao Wei is defeated by Eastern Wu.


text: Ji Kang, Chinese poet and philosopher (d. 262)


text: Wang Hun, Chinese general and politician (d. 297)


date: May 6

text: May 6 – Cao Ren (or Zixiao), Chinese general (b. 168)


date: June 10

text: June 10 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord and emperor (b. 161)


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Cao Zhang, Chinese prince and warlord


date: August 11

text: August 11 – Jia Xu, Chinese official and politician (b. 147)


text: Xing Yong (or Zi'ang), Chinese official and politician


text: Zhang Ji (or Derong), Chinese official and politician


date: January 1

text: January 1 – Gaius Bellicius Torquatus and Appius Claudius Julianus II begin their one year terms as the new Roman consuls.

source_section: Events › Roman Empire


date: April 28

text: April 28 – Battle of Hormozdgan: King Ardashir I defeats Artabanus V, destroying the Parthian Empire, and establishing the Sassanid Dynasty. Artabanus V's brother Vologases VI will continue to rule, with Armenian and Kushan support, over outlying parts of Parthia.

source_section: Events › Roman Empire › Parthia


date: September

text: September – In the Eastern Wu Kingdom, the Emperor Sun Quan orders the demotion of General Zhang Wen and his removal from command, commenting in the decree, "Oh, Zhang Wen, you are so fortunate to be spared from death." Two other officers, General Ji Yan and General Xu Biao are arrested and permitted to commit suicide rather than to be executed.

source_section: Events › China


date: January 20

text: January 20 – (Huang'chu era, 4th year, 12th month and the bing'yin day) At the Cao Weis kingdom's capital at Xuchang, in what is now the Henan province of China, the Emperor Cao Pi issues a decree demoting the former Emperor Xian of Han to "Duke of Shanyang" and gives Xian's late daughter, Liu Man the posthumous title of "Princess of Changle"


text: Liu Xuan (or Wenheng), Chinese prince (d. 264)


text: Pei Xiu, Chinese official and politician (d. 271)


text: Mercurius, Christian saint and martyr (d. 250)


text: Marcus Aurelius Carus, Roman emperor (d. 283)


text: Jungcheon of Goguryeo, Korean ruler (d. 270)


text: Sun He (courtesy name Zixiao), Chinese prince (d. 253)


text: April 28 – Artabanus IV, king of Parthia


text: Du Ji, Chinese official and politician


text: Ji Yan, Chinese official and politician


text: Zhu Zhi, Chinese general and politician (b. 156)


text: The first Christian paintings appear in Rome, decorating the Catacombs.

source_section: Events › By topic › Art and Science


text: Emperor Alexander Severus marries Sallustia Orbiana, and possibly raises her father Seius Sallustius to the rank of Caesar.


text: January 20 – Gordian III, Roman emperor (d. 244)


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Lawrence, Christian martyr (d. 258)


text: Zhong Hui, Chinese general and politician (d. 264)


text: Trieu Thi Trinh, Vietnamese female warrior (d. 248)


text: Gaius Vettius Gratus Sabinianus, Roman consul


text: Sun Shao, Chinese official and chancellor (b. 163)


text: Gong Lu, Chinese official and politician (b. 195)


text: Xiahou Shang, Chinese general and politician


text: Ctesiphon, until now capital of the Parthian Empire, falls into the hands of the Sasanian Empire, who also make it their capital, after putting an end to the Parthian Dynasty in Iran.


text: Saint Valentine, Roman patron saint (d. 269)


text: Wang Bi (or Fusi), Chinese philosopher (d. 249)


text: Lu Kang, Chinese general and politician (d. 274)


date: June 29

text: June 29 – Cao Pi, Chinese emperor (b. 187)


text: Shi Xie, Chinese politician and warlord (b. 137)


text: Farn-Sasan, king of the Parthian Kingdom


text: A merchant from the Roman Empire, called "Qin Lun" by the Chinese, arrives in Jiaozhi (modern Hanoi), and is taken to see King Sun Quan of Eastern Wu, who requests him to make a report on his native country and people. He is given an escort for the return trip, including a present of ten male and ten female "blackish-colored dwarfs." However, the officer in charge of the Chinese escort dies, and Qin Lun has to continue his journey home alone.


text: Xiahou Shang (or Boren), Chinese general


text: The rule of High King Cormac mac Airt begins (approximate).

source_section: Events › By place › Ireland


text: King Ardashir I annexes his new empire from the east to the northwest. He conquers, with his army, the provinces of Chorasmia, Sistan and the island Bahrain in the Persian Gulf. The kings of the Kushan Empire and Turan recognize Ardashir as their overlord.

source_section: Events › By place › Persian Empire


text: Dongcheon becomes ruler over the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Seius Sallustius is executed for the attempted murder of his son-in-law, Emperor Alexander Severus. Sallustius' daughter, as well as Alexander's wife, Sallustia Orbiana, is exiled to Libya.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Zhuge Zhan, Chinese general and official (d. 263)


text: Sima Zhou, Chinese prince and general (d. 283)


text: Herennius Etruscus, Roman emperor (d. 251)


text: Shi Hui, Chinese official and general (b. 165)


text: Han Dang (or Yigong), Chinese general


text: He Qi (or Gongmiao), Chinese general


text: Seius Sallustius, Roman usurper (Caesar)


text: Xu Huang (or Gongming), Chinese general


date: June

text: June –October – Battle of Shiting: The Eastern Wu Kingdom defeats the Cao Wei Kingdom.

source_section: Events › By place › China


text: c. February – May – Battle of Jieting: The Cao Wei Kingdom decisively defeats the Shu Han Kingdom.


text: King Ardashir I, four years after establishing the Sassanid Persian Empire, completes his conquest of Parthia.


text: Domitius Ulpianus, a Roman jurist and prefect, is assassinated by the Praetorian Guard, in the presence of Emperor Severus Alexander. His curtailment of the privileges of the palace guard becomes Ulpianus' downfall, who in the course of a riot at Rome is murdered, between the soldiers and the mob.


text: Wang Fan, Chinese politician and astronomer (d. 266)

source_section: Births


text: Paul of Thebes, Christian hermit (approximate date)


text: Lü Fan, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state

source_section: Deaths


text: Zhuge Qiao, Chinese official and general (b. 204)


text: Luo Tong, Chinese official and general (b. 193)


text: Ma Su, Chinese general of the Shu Han state (b. 190)


text: Jia Kui, Chinese general of the Cao Wei state (b. 174)


text: Domitius Ulpianus, Roman jurist and prefect (b. 170)


text: Wang Lang, Chinese official of the Cao Wei state


text: Cao Xiu, Chinese general of the Cao Wei state


text: Meng Da, Chinese general of the Cao Wei state


date: June 23

text: June 23 – Chinese warlord Sun Quan formally declares himself emperor of the Eastern Wu state. The city of Jianye (modern Nanjing) is founded as the capital of Eastern Wu. The independent kingdoms in Cambodia and Laos become Eastern Wu vassals.


text: Emperor Alexander Severus and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls.


date: February

text: February – May – Battle of Jianwei: The state of Shu Han is victorious over the state of Cao Wei.


text: Eastern Wu merchants reach Vietnam; ocean transport is improved to such an extent that sea journeys are made to the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of Yizhou.


text: Ammonius Saccas renews Greek philosophy by creating Neoplatonism.


text: Cao Li, Chinese prince of the Cao Wei state (b. 208)


text: Zhao Yun, Chinese general of the Shu Han state


text: Cao Yong, Chinese prince of the Cao Wei state


year_label: 23 CE

date: July

text: July – After being under siege for two months, about 19,000 insurgents under Liu Xiu defeat 450,000 of Wang Mang's troops in the Battle of Kunyang, ushering in the fall of Wang Mang's Xin dynasty and restoration of the Han dynasty.

source_section: Events › 23 AD › China


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Emperor Liu Xuan's forces kill Wang Mang at the end of a three-day siege.


text: Liu Xuan, a descendant of the Han dynasty royal family and leader of insurgents against the Xin dynasty, proclaims himself emperor against Wang Mang.


text: Greek geographer Strabo publishes Geographica, a work covering the world known to the Romans and Greeks at the time of Emperor Augustus – it is the only such book to survive from the ancient world.

source_section: Events › 23 AD › Roman Empire


text: Pliny the Elder, Roman scientist and writer (d. 79 AD)

source_section: Births › 23 AD


date: September 14

text: September 14 – Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Emperor Tiberius (b. 14 BC)

source_section: Deaths › 23 AD


text: October 6 – Wang Mang, Chinese emperor of the Xin dynasty (b. c. 45 BC)


text: Liu Xin, Chinese astronomer, mathematician and politician (b. c. 50 BC)


text: Liu Yan, Chinese general and politician


text: Emperor Tiberius' son Drusus Julius Caesar dies. From that point forward, Tiberius seems to lose interest in the Empire and occupies himself with the pursuit of pleasure.


text: Juba II, king of Mauretania (b. c. 50 BC)


text: Servius Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis, Roman statesman


text: Lucius Aelius Sejanus begins to dominate the Roman Senate and Tiberius, after the death of Drusus.


text: Wang, Chinese empress of the Xin dynasty (b. 8 BC)


text: Emperor Alexander Severus decides that Thessaly should be a separate province from Macedonia. He increases taxes, in order to maintain the war against the Sassanids, and strengthen the defenses of the Roman Empire.


text: Jobun becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.

source_section: Events › By place › Korea


text: Alexander Severus assembles the Roman army, and establishes his headquarters at Antioch. He attempts a diplomatic solution, but the Persians decline and choose war.