date: January 17

text: January 17 – A major earthquake strikes Byzantium and Constantinople (now Istanbul in Turkey). Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos spreads the word that the former Patriarch of the Eastern Church, Athanasius I had given him a warning about the imminent wrath of God against the city.


date: August 8

section: Climate & Environment

text: August 8 – 1303 Crete earthquake: An earthquake destroys the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the Seven wonders of the World.

source_section: Events › July–September


date: September 25

text: September 25 – 1303 Hongdong earthquake: An earthquake destroys the cities of Taiyuan and Pingyang, some 200,000 people are killed.


date: May 19

section: Births

text: May 19 – Saw Zein (or Binnya Ran De), Burmese ruler (d. 1330)

source_section: Births


date: July 12

text: July 12 – Hugh de Courtenay, English nobleman and knight (d. 1377)


text: Bridget of Sweden (or Birgitta), Swedish nun and mystic (d. 1373)


text: Marie of Évreux, French noblewoman (House of Capet) (d. 1335)


text: Henry Ferrers, English nobleman, constable and knight (d. 1343)


text: Catherine II, Latin empress consort, regent and co-ruler (d. 1346)


text: Willem IV of Horne, Dutch nobleman, diplomat and knight (d. 1343)


text: Hōjō Shigetoki, Japanese nobleman (rensho) and official (d. 1333)


date: March 4

section: Deaths

text: March 4 – Daniel of Moscow, Russian nobleman and prince (b. 1261)

source_section: Deaths


text: March 4 – Theodora Palaiologina, Byzantine empress consort (b. 1240)


date: March 17

text: March 17 – Otto IV, French nobleman and co-ruler (House of Ivrea)


text: March 17 – Joan II of the Anscarids becomes the Countess and ruler of Burgundy, a free state within the Holy Roman Empire (now the département of Jura in France), upon the death of her father Otto IV.

source_section: Events › January–March


text: May 19 – Ivo of Kermartin, French priest, judge and saint (b. 1253)


date: July 8

text: July 8 – Procopius of Ustyug, German merchant and wonderworker


text: August 8 – Henry of Castile (the Senator), Spanish prince (b. 1230)


date: August 9

text: August 9 – Thomas Maule, Scottish nobleman, captain and knight


date: August 25

text: August 25 – Ninshō, Japanese monk, disciple and priest (b. 1217)


date: September 7

text: September 7 – Gregory Bicskei, Hungarian prelate and archbishop


date: October 11

text: October 11 – Pope Boniface VIII dies while imprisoned at Anagni, after a pontificate of 8 years.

source_section: Events › October–December


text: October 11 – Boniface VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1230)


date: October 27

text: October 27 – Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1242)


date: December 9

text: December 9 – Richard Gravesend, English archdeacon and bishop


section: Geopolitics & Diplomacy

text: August 8 – Treaty of Torrellas: The 18-year-old King Ferdinand IV of Castile signs a peace with King James II of Aragon ("James the Just"). In the terms, James agrees to restore the Kingdom of Murcia to Castile, except for Alicante, Elche, Orihuela, and lands north of the Segura River. In return for extensive patrimony, Prince Alfonso de la Cerda renounces his claim to the Castilian throne, ending a conflict that has disturbed the tranquility of the realm for nearly 30 years.

source_section: Events › July – September


date: October 5

text: October 5 – Treaty of Treviso: After a dispute over salt works, the Italian commune of Padua and Venice sign a peace treaty, ending the Salt War. Venice establishes a salt monopoly and sells salt rights to merchants.

source_section: Events › October – December


date: November 12

text: November 12 – King Edward I summons the English Parliament for the first time in more than two years.


date: December 29

text: December 29 – William de Hamilton is nominated Lord Chancellor of England, the highest office at the time for a member of Parliament, by King Edward I. He takes office on January 16.


text: The Byzantines lose the island of Chios, in the Aegean Sea, to the Genoese under Admiral Benedetto I Zaccaria. He establishes an autonomous lordship and justifies the act to the Byzantine court as necessary to prevent the island from being captured by Turkish pirates. Benedetto is granted the island as a fief for a period of 10 years.

source_section: Events › By place › Byzantine Empire


text: Ambassadors from the Mongol rulers of Central Asia and the Yuan Dynasty announce to Toqta Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde, their general peace proposal. Toqta accepts the supremacy of Emperor Temür Khan and all yams (postal relays) and commercial networks across the Mongol khanates reopen. In response, Toqta solidifies his rule upon the Rus' princes, who pledge allegiance to him at an assembly in Pereyaslavl.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


date: February 20

section: Conflict & Security

text: February 20 – Battle of Happrew: Scottish rebels led by William Wallace and Simon Fraser fight guerilla warfare against King Edward I of England. They defend themselves against a vanguard of English knights at Peebles, in the Scottish Borders. During the skirmish, the Scots are defeated and routed. Wallace and Fraser narrowly escape being captured.

source_section: Events › January – March


date: July 24

text: July 24 – Siege of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England captures the Scottish rebel stronghold at Stirling. The castle is for four months bombarded by twelve siege engines. During the siege, Edward orders his engineer, Master James of St. George, to build a massive engine called the Warwolf. Eventually, William Oliphant and his garrison surrender.


date: August 11

text: August 11 – Battle of Zierikzee: A French-Hollandic fleet (some 50 galleys) supported by Genoese ships led by Admiral Rainier I defeats the Flemish ships near Zierikzee. During the battle, the Flemish commander Guy of Namur is captured, and his fleet (which consists of Flemish, English, Hanseatic, Spanish and Swedish ships) is annihilated.


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle: French forces (some 13,000 men) led by King Philip IV of France ("Philip the Fair") defeat a Flemish army at Mons-en-Pévèle. During the battle, the Flemish, led by William of Jülich "the Younger") are forced to retreat to Lille. William is killed, and the French lose the Oriflamme ("Golden Flame"), the battle standard of Philip.


date: October 24

text: October 24 – Ottoman-Turkish forces led by Sultan Osman I conquer the ancient city of Ephesus from the Byzantine Empire, massacring and deporting its native population.


date: December

text: December – Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, settles with the Catalan Company in Gallipoli and other towns in the southern part of Thrace and visits Constantinople to demand payment for his forces. He lives at the expense of the local population and uses the city as a base for his marauding raids in the surrounding area.


text: Sultan Alauddin Khalji orders a second invasion of Gujarat, which results in the annexation of the Kingdom of Vaghela into the Delhi Sultanate.


date: January 11

section: Religion & Belief

text: January 11 – Messengers from King Edward of England arrive at Kinclaven Castle in Scotland to discuss peace with Scottish noble John Comyn.


date: January 31

text: January 31 – Cardinal Nicolò Albertini de Prato is dispatched by Pope Benedict XI as the papal legate to oversee negotiation of peace between Tuscany, Romagna and the Marca Trevigiana.


date: March 17

text: March 17 – Cardinal Albertini, the papal legate and peacemaker, enters Florence and is granted special powers by the government to facilitate his mission.


date: September 2

text: September 2 – Brinolfo Algotsson, the Swedish Catholic Bishop of Skara is rewarded for his financial assistance in rebuilding Norway's Stavanger Cathedral, as a Norwegian ship arrives at Skara. He is presented a holy relic, what is purported to be a thorn from the crown of thorns worn by Jesus Christ at the Crucifixion. In a solemn profession led by Algotsson, the thorn is transported to the Skara Cathedral.


date: December 4

text: December 4 – William Greenfield, Lord Chancellor of England, is elected Archbishop of York by the church leaders in the diocese, then sets off for Rome to receive the consecration of the office by the Pope.


section: Technology & Infrastructure

text: The construction of Ypres Cloth Hall, in Ypres (modern Belgium), is completed.

source_section: Events › By topic › Architecture


date: January 9

text: January 9 – Hōjō Takatoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1333)


date: February 16

text: February 16 – Tugh Temür (or Wenzong), Mongol emperor (d. 1332)


date: February 24

text: February 24 – Ibn Battuta, Moroccan scholar and explorer (d. 1369)


date: April 9

text: April 9 – Venturino of Bergamo, Italian Dominican friar and preacher (d. 1346)


date: May 2

text: May 2 – Margaret Mortimer, Anglo-Norman noblewoman (d. 1337)


date: June 6

text: June 6 – Francesco Albergotti, Italian nobleman and jurist (d. 1376)


date: July 20

text: July 20 – Francesco Petrarca, Italian historian and poet (d. 1374)


date: October 4

text: October 4 – John Beauchamp, English peer and knight (d. 1343)


date: October 17

text: October 17 – Eleanor de Bohun, English noblewoman (d. 1363)


text: October 17 – James Butler, Irish nobleman and knight (d. 1338)


text: Walter VI, French nobleman, knight and constable (d. 1356)


text: Marie of Luxemburg, queen of France and Navarre (d. 1324)


text: Engelbert III, German archbishop (House of La Marck) (d. 1368)


text: Ibn al-Shatir, Syrian astronomer, engineer and writer (d. 1375)


date: March 23

text: March 23 – John I of Arborea, nicknamed "Chiano" and the ruler of western Sardinia as Judge of Arborea dies. He is succeeded by his sons Marianus III and Andrew


date: April 1

text: April 1 – Count Albert I of Gorizia dies and is succeeded by his son Henry III.

source_section: Events › April – June


date: April 11

text: April 11 – Maud de Lacy, Norman noblewoman (suo jure) (b. 1230)


date: May 11

text: May 11 – Mahmud Ghazan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate in the Middle East, dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü Qaghan.


date: May 23

text: May 23 – Jehan de Lescurel, French composer-poet and writer


date: June 1

text: June 1 – Giovanni Pelingotto, Italian Third order Franciscan and hermit (b. 1240)


date: June 5

text: June 5 – Abu Said Uthman I, Zenata Berber ruler of Tlemcen


text: June 5 – Abu Said Uthman I, Zenata Berber ruler of Tlemcen, dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Zayyan I.


date: July 7

text: July 7 – Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1240)


text: July 7 – Pope Benedict XI dies after an 8-month pontificate in Perugia.


date: July 17

text: July 17 – A papal conclave, with 15 of the 19 living Roman Catholic cardinals, assembles at Perugia to elect a successor to Pope Benedict XI, who had died 10 days earlier. The conclave will be deadlocked for almost a year until Clement V receives the necessary two-thirds majority on June 5, 1305.


date: July 27

text: July 27 – Andrey III, Russian nobleman and grand prince of Vladimir


text: July 27 – Andrey III Aleksandorovich, Russian nobleman and Grand Prince of Vladimir dies and is succeeded by his uncle Mikhail of Tver.


date: September 22

text: September 22 – Thomas of Corbridge, England's powerful Archbishop of York, dies after a little more than four years in office. The office is vacant for several months, and leads to the resignation of Lord Chancellor William Greenfield to become the new Bishop.


date: January 16

text: January 16 – William de Hamilton is formally invested as Lord Chancellor, the highest-ranking elected official at the time in England.


date: January 23

text: January 23 – Henry II Kőszegi, the Ban of Slavonia, completes his conquest of Croatian territory in Požega and Valkó, and issues a charter of annexation from his encampment at Valkószentgyörgy.


date: February 28

text: February 28 – The 52nd English Parliament assembles.


date: March 19

text: March 19 – Amir Chupan, the Duke of Yi, is betrothed to Dowlandi Khatun, the daughter of Öljaitü.


date: March 20

text: March 20 – King Edward dissolves the 52nd Parliament.


date: May 19

text: May 19 – In Spain, the Treaty of Elche is signed between King James II of Aragon and King Ferdinand IV of Castile to revise the borders set out nine months earlier in the Treaty of Torrellas.


date: July 15

text: July 15 – King Edward of England summons a new Parliament, to assemble on September 15.


date: July 10

text: July 10 – Battle of Apros: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX Palaiologos, consisting of a large contingent of Alans and Turcopoles (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near Apros. Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert en bloc to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.


date: November 24

text: November 24 – In India, Mahalakadeva, King of Malwa, is killed while attempting to flee the invaders from the Delhi Sultanate. Ayn al-Mulk Multani takes control of the kingdom as the Sultanate's Governor of Malwa.


date: December 20

text: December 20 – Battle of Amroha: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) invade the Delhi Sultanate again in northern India. Sultan Alauddin Khalji dispatches a cavalry force led by Vizier Ghazi Malik, to repulse the Mongols. During the battle (somewhere in the Amroha district), the Delhi forces inflict a crushing defeat upon the invaders. Many Mongols are taken prisoner and incorporated into the Delhi army.


date: September 19

section: Exploration & Expansion

text: September 19 – At Tabriz (now in Iran) Öljaitü the Mongol Ikhanate, receives the Mongol ambassador from Yuan dynasty China.


date: December 8

text: December 8 – At Tabriz, the Mongol Ikhanate Öljaitü receives the ambassador sent by Toqta, Khan of the Golden Horde that rules territory comprising much of what is now Russia.


date: February 26

text: February 26 – In Spain, King James II of Aragon and King Ferdinand IV of Castile have a summit at the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta in Castile. Attending also from Castile are Ferdinand's uncle, Prince John; Juan Núñez II de Lara of the House of Lara; Ferdinand's cousin Juan Manuel; and Prince Afonso of Portugal.


date: March 25

text: March 25 – Juan Manuel of Castile is made Lord of Alarcón.


date: June 5

text: June 5 – Pope Clement V, formerly the Archbishop of Bordeaux, succeeds Pope Benedict XI as the 195th pontiff of the Catholic Church. He will reign until 1314.


date: August 3

section: Crime & Justice

text: August 3 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured near Glasgow at Robroyston, by English troops led by John de Menteith. He is transported to London and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to Westminster Hall.


date: August 23

text: August 23 – After a three-week trial at Westminster, William Wallace is convicted of treason and of atrocities against civilians in war. After the trial, he is dragged through the streets of Smithfield in London and hanged, drawn and quartered – strangled by hanging – but cut down while still alive, emasculated, disemboweled (with his bowels burned before him), beheaded, and then cut into four parts. Wallace's head is placed on a spike above the London Bridge, and his limbs are displayed separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth.


date: September 15

text: September 15 – King Edward I of England issues ordinances for the government of the Kingdom of Scotland. King Edward issues the first commission of Trailbaston – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also conspiracy to the list of presentments.


date: January 12

section: Culture & Society

text: January 12 – The marriage of Bastam, the 8-year-old son (and eldest child) of the Ikhanate ruler of Iran, Oljaitu Khan, to Uljay Qutlugh Khatun, the 7-year-old daughter and the only surviving child of the previous Ikhanate, the late Ghazan Khan, takes place in Tabriz. The betrothal of the two children had been arranged by Ghazan and Öljaitü on September 17, 1303.


date: June 20

text: June 20 – Öljaitü, the new Mongol Ikhanate, marries Qutlughshah Khatun, daughter of the Kerait Emir Irinjin.


date: June 21

text: June 21 – At 14 years old, Wenceslaus III becomes ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland upon the death at age 33 of his father, King Wenceslaus II.


date: June 27

text: June 27 – In recognition of the marriage of his daughter to Öljaitü the Mongol Ikhanate, Mongol Irinjin is appointed Viceroy of Anatolia.


date: October 9

text: October 9 – King Wenceslaus III marries Viola Elizabeth of Teschen, daughter of Duke Mieszko I, and abandons his claim to Hungary in favor of Otto III of Bavaria. Meanwhile, Wladyslaw II the Elbow-High, claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.


date: June 2

text: June 2 – Abu Sa'id Bahadur (or "Abu Sa'id"), Mongol ruler (d. 1335)


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese general (shogun) (d. 1358)


date: September 25

text: September 25 – Al-Mahdi Ali, Yemeni imam and politician (d. 1372)


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Henry XIV, German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1339)


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Minbyauk Thihapate, Burmese ruler of Sagaing (d. 1364)


date: November 5

text: November 5 – Robert Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1344)


text: Shiba Takatsune, Japanese general and warlord (daimyo) (d. 1367)


text: Agnes of Bohemia, Bohemian princess (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1337)


text: Philippe de Cabassoles, French bishop and papal legate (d. 1372)


text: Konoe Mototsugu, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) and regent (d. 1354)


text: Elizabeth of Poland, queen consort of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1380)


text: Peter Thomas, French monk, archbishop and theologian (d. 1366)


text: Khatsun Namkha Lekpa Gyaltsen, Tibetan religious leader (d. 1343)


text: Peter of Aragon, Spanish prince (infante) and counsellor (d. 1381)


date: March 1

text: March 1 – Blanche of France, French princess and duchess (b. 1278)


date: March 7

text: March 7 – Guy of Dampierre, French nobleman and knight (b. 1226)


date: April 2

text: April 2 – Joan I of Navarre, French queen consort and regent (b. 1273)


date: April 10

text: April 10 – Joachim Piccolomini, Italian monk and altar server (b. 1258)


text: June 21 – Wenceslaus II, king of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)


date: August 23

text: August 23 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight


date: September 4

text: September 4 – Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian cardinal (b. 1230)


date: September 10

text: September 10 – Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian friar and mystic


text: October 9 – Robert de Pontigny, French abbot and cardinal


date: November 11

text: November 11 – Otto I, German nobleman and knight (b. 1262)


date: November 16

text: November 16 – Albertino Morosini, Venetian nobleman and governor


date: November 18

text: November 18 – John II, French nobleman and knight (b. 1239)


date: November 24

text: November 24 – Mahalakadeva, ruler of India's Malwa Kingdom (killed in battle)


text: John I, Piedmontese nobleman (House of Aleramici) (b. 1275)


date: May 5

text: May 5 – Charles the Lame, King of Naples, accuses Philip I of Piedmont and Isabella of Villehardouin of disloyalty, and deprives them of the right to rule the Principality of Achaea (located in southern Greece on the Peloponnese peninsula). King Charles awards Achaea to his son, Philip I, Prince of Taranto.


date: May 30

text: May 30 – The English Parliament meets at Westminster in a one-day session, on orders of King Edward I, a week after Whit Sunday and passes a five percent tax on "citizens and burgesses and communities of all the cities and boroughs of the realm and the tenants of our demesne."


text: In London, a city ordinance decrees that heating with coal is forbidden when Parliament is in session (the ordinance is not particularly effective).

source_section: Events › By topic › Economy


date: April 26

text: April 26 – French knight Amalric, Lord of Tyre, with the aid of the Knights Templar, stages a Coup d'état against his older brother Henry II, King of Cyprus. Although Henry remains the nominal king, he is confined at the Cypriot city of Strovolos, and Amalric assumes all of the King's powers. Amalric will be assassinated in 1310.


date: May 13

text: May 13 – (29 Shawwal 705 AH) A Moorish Nasrid fleet sent by Sultan Sultan Muhammad III of the Emirate of Granada (now part of Spain) makes a surprise attack on Africa and captures Ceuta. Nasrid forces land in Ksar es-Seghir, Larache, and Asilah, occupying these Atlantic ports (→ Battle of the Strait). At the same time, Prince Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula of the Marinid Sultanate, leads a rebellion against Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr. He conquers a mountainous area in northern Morocco and allies himself with Granada.


date: June 19

text: June 19 – Battle of Methven: Scottish forces (some 5,000 men) under Robert the Bruce are defeated by the English army at Methven. During the battle, the Scots are overwhelmed by a surprise attack on their camp. They are outnumbered, but Bruce manages to form a phalanx to break free. Finally, he is forced to retreat, leaving many of his followers dead or soon to be executed.


date: June 23

text: June 23 – The Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Foulques de Villaret, land with 600 men on the island of Rhodes, one of the Dodecanese Islands off of the coast of Byzantium, and begin a four-year long war to capture the fortified city of Rhodes (which will not fall until August 15, 1310).


date: July 22

text: July 22 – The Great Exile of 1306: King Philip IV of France turns his attentions to Italian bankers and orders the Jews to be exiled in France. The Jewish quarter in Paris is cleared and goods are confiscated – to regain money spent on expanding the domains of Flanders and Gascony. Meanwhile, rumors of a secret initiation ceremony of the Knights Templar create distrust, and Philip – while being deeply in debt to the Order for loans from his war against England, uses this distrust for political and religious motivations against the Templars.


date: August 4

text: August 4 – King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia is assassinated at the age of 16 after a reign of only 14 months, being stabbed to death at Olomouc (now in the Czech Republic), bringing an end to the Přemyslid dynasty. His sister Anne of Bohemia administers the nation until her husband Henry of Carinthia is elected as the new King of Bohemia by the Bohemian nobles.


date: September 13

text: September 13 – In Scotland, English forces under Edward of Caernarfon capture and sack Kildrummy Castle in Aberdeenshire. Edward takes Elizabeth de Burgh, Christina Bruce and Mary Bruce (sisters of Robert the Bruce), and Princess Marjorie Bruce (daughter of Bruce) as prisoners. He executes Nigel de Brus (younger brother of Bruce) for high treason, who is later hanged, drawn and quartered at Berwick.


date: September 20

text: September 20 – The Knights Hospitaller, besieging on the island of Rhodes, capture the Feraklos Castle.


date: October 9

text: October 9 – Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter is pardoned of all debts owed to King Edward I of England, in honor of his service in the war against the Scots.


date: December 6

text: December 6 – The monetary policy of King Philip IV of France triggers a revolt in Paris. The provost's house is burned, and King Philip the Fair has to flee to the fortress of the Temple.


text: Winter – Robert the Bruce retires to the Isle of Rathlin with a small group of followers, including Bruce's brothers Edward, Thomas and Alexander, as well James Douglas, Niall mac Cailein and Malcolm II. He is welcomed by the Irish Bissett family and stays at Rathlin Castle (or "Bruce's Castle"). Robert reorganizes his resources and musters troops for the campaign in Scotland.

source_section: Events › By location


text: Mongol invasion of India: Mongol forces invade the Delhi Sultanate, Sultan Alauddin Khalji sends an army under Malik Kafur to deal with the invaders and defeats them at the banks of the Ravi River. The Delhi army kills and captures many Mongols in their pursuit. Alauddin orders the survivors to be trampled under the feet of elephants.

source_section: Events › By location › Asia


date: January 27

text: January 27 – The University of Orléans is created by a papal bull issued by Pope Clement V endowing the Orléans institutes in France with the title and privileges of a university.


date: March 25

text: March 25 – Robert the Bruce is crowned king of Scotland by Bishop William de Lamberton at Scone, near Perth. Despite lacking the traditional coronation stone, diadem and scepter, all of which have transferred to London. During the ceremony, the Scottish nobles of Atholl, Lennox, Mar and Menteith are present – while the 18-year-old Elizabeth de Burgh is crowned queen of Scots. The coronation takes place in defiance of the English claims of suzerainty after King Edward I of England, strips John de Baliol of his crown as King of Scots.


date: October 23

text: October 23 – James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland, after having been defeated in battle by King Edward of England, swears fealty to King Edward again at Lanercost Priory. To render his oath inviolable, Stewart's oath is taken upon the two crosses of Scotland most esteemed for their sanctity, the holy gospels and on various relics of saints. Stewart agrees to submit to instant excommunication if he should break his oath of allegiance to Edward.


date: November 3

text: November 3 – From Lanercost Prior, King Edward of England summons Parliament to meet in Carlisle, starting on January 20, "to "treat of the ordering and settling of the land of Scotland."


text: Storkyrkan, the current cathedral of Stockholm, is consecrated.

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


date: June 8

section: Economy & Finance

text: June 8 – After bringing the Flemish War to a victorious conclusion, King Philip IV of France orders the silver content of new livre coins to be raised back to the 1285 level of 3.96 grams of silver, and orders the devaluation of the coins of 1303, 1304 and 1305 to one-third of their face value. The economic decree leads to rioting.


date: January 28

text: January 28 – After two hearings, Sunni Muslim theologian Ibn Taymiyyah is found innocent of charges of heresy by the Indian Qur'an scholar Safi al-Din al-Hindi. Taymiyyah is found guilty three months later by a panel of judges in the Mamluk state and imprisoned for four months.


date: February 10

text: February 10 – Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn III, Scottish nobleman and political rival, before the high altar of the Greyfriars Church at Dumfries. Bruce and Comyn meet to discuss their differences at the church (without their swords). An argument between the two ensues, and Bruce draws his dagger in anger and stabs Comyn. He flees the church, telling his followers outside what has occurred. Roger de Kirkpatrick, cousin of Bruce, goes back inside and finishes off the seriously wounded Comyn. In response, Bruce is excommunicated by Pope Clement V.


date: September 29

text: September 29 – The Hatuna Games are played in Sweden. Duke's Eric Magnusson and Valdemar Magnusson, arrive at the estate of their brother, King Birger Magnusson, by Lake Malar. They are invited as guests at a feast, but during the night Birger and his wife, Martha of Denmark, are captured by the two brothers and are imprisoned in the dungeon at Nyköping Castle – while Eric and Valdemar jointly take over the Swedish throne.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – In a ceremony at Prague, King Rudolf I of Bohemia marries Elizabeth Richeza, the widow of Rudolf's predecessor, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Rudolf the Blind, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1353)


text: Sasaki Takauji, Japanese bureaucrat, warrior, poet and writer (d. 1373)


text: Isabella of Brienne, Latin noblewoman (suo jure) and claimant (d. 1360)


text: Ashikaga Tadayoshi, Japanese nobleman, samurai and general (d. 1352)


date: January 3

text: January 3 – Deshou Khan, the only son of Chinese Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan dynasty (Temür Khan) dies, leaving the Mongol Emperor without an heir.


text: February 10 – John Comyn the Red, Scottish nobleman (b. 1274)


date: March 21

text: March 21 – In France, Hugh V, at the age of 11, becomes the new Duke of Burgundy upon the death of his father, Robert II.


text: March 21 – Robert II, French nobleman (House of Burgundy) (b. 1248).


date: March

text: March – Araniko ("Anige"), Nepalese court architect and painter (b. 1245)


date: May 5

text: May 5 – Constantine Palaiologos, Byzantine prince and general (b. 1261)


date: August 4

text: August 4 – Wenceslaus III, king of Hungary, Croatia and Poland (b. 1289)


date: September 12

text: September 12 – An Hyang, Korean scholar and philosopher (b. 1243)


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Wonbi Hong, Korean noblewoman and royal consort


date: September 22

text: September 22 – John of Paris, French scholar, theologian and writer


date: November 7

text: November 7 – John of Strathbogie, Scottish nobleman and Justiciar


date: December 6

text: December 6 – Roger Bigod, English nobleman, knight and Marshal


date: December 12

text: December 12 – Conrad of Offida, Italian monk and preacher (b. 1241)


date: December 25

text: December 25 – Jacopone da Todi, Italian monk and mystic (b. 1230)


date: April 9

text: April 9 – King Edward I of England dismisses the Parliaments of Ireland. A new Parliament will not be assembled until February 9, 1310.


date: August 2

text: August 2 – In the first reorganization of the English government by the new King, Edward II, Gilbert Segrave replaces Ralph Baldock as Lord Chancellor


date: August 20

text: August 20 – John de Benstede, the English Chancellor of the Exchequer since 1305 when he was appointed by the late King Edward I, is dismissed as by the new and replaced by John Sandale.


date: August 26

text: August 26 – After the restructuring of his government, King Edward II summons his first Parliament, directing members to be elected and to assemble at Northampton on October 13.


text: Januli I da Corogna seizes the Aegean Island of Sifnos and becomes an autonomous lord, by renouncing his allegiance to the Knights Hospitaller.

source_section: Events › By place › Europe


text: The village of Heerle in North Brabant is proclaimed an independent parish (modern Netherlands).

source_section: Events › By topic › Cities and Towns


date: January 13

text: January 13 – (11th waxing of Tabodwe 668 ME, Burmese calendar) After a reign of almost 20 years, King Wareru, who founded the Martaban Kingdom in what is now southern Myanmar, is stabbed to death by two of his grandsons, Shin Gyi and Shin Nge, who were avenging the execution by Wareru


date: January 18

text: January 18 – The Tokuji era begins in Japan in the fourth year of Kagen.


date: February 9

text: February 9 – Battle of Loch Ryan: Thomas de Brus and Alexander de Brus sail with an invasion force of 1,000 men and 18 galleys, into the harbor at Loch Ryan. But they are defeated by rival Scots under Dungal MacDouall. During the attack, only two galleys escape and all the leaders are captured.


date: April

text: April – Battle of Glen Trool: Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat the English army at Glen Trool, Galloway. During the battle, Robert gives the order to push down several boulders to ambush the English, who are approaching through a narrow glen (called the "Steps of Trool"). Scottish forces charge down an extremely steep 700-meter sloop, the narrowness of the defile prevents support from either the front or the rear. Without any room to maneuver, many of the English are killed and routed.


date: May 10

text: May 10 – Battle of Loudoun Hill: Scottish forces under Robert the Bruce defeat the English army (some 3,000 men) at Loudoun Hill. During the battle, a frontal charge by the English knights led by Aymer de Valence is halted by Robert's spearmen militia, who effectively slaughtered them as they are on marshy ground. Aymer manages to escape the carnage and flees to the safety of Bothwell Castle. The battle marks the turning point in Robert's struggle to reclaim the independence of Scotland.


date: May 13

text: May 13 – Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr, Marinid ruler of Morocco is assassinated.


date: November 17

text: November 17 – The Mongol General Bilarghu hosts the Armenian Kings Hethum II and Leo III at a banquet at his in castle at Anazarbus (now in ruins near the Turkish village of Dilekkaya). After the guests complete the banquet, Bilarghu massacres all of the Armenian royalty and nobles.


text: December 25 – On Christmas Day, the 3-day Battle of Slioch begins in Scotland, with King Robert the Bruce and his men turning back the forces of John Comyn.


text: Spring – King Robert the Bruce, King of Scots crosses with a small force (some 600 men) from the Isle of Arran in the Firth of Clyde to his earldom of Carrick in Ayrshire. He attacks the English garrison at Turnberry Castle, plundering and destroying the stronghold. Meanwhile, The Black Douglas attacks the English garrison in Douglas Castle at Palm Sunday – while they are slaughtered during a church mass (known as the "Douglas Larder").

source_section: Events › By place › Britain


date: March 23

text: March 23 – Fra Dolcino of Novara, Margaret of Trent and Longino da Bergamo, leaders of the New Apostles movement in Italy, are captured at Val Sesia and tried for heresy on orders of Pope Clement V. They will be executed on June 1.


date: August 18

text: August 18 – On the question of whether a prayer to the English Bishop Thomas de Cantilupe led to the miracle of the resurrection of William Cragh the day after Cragh's execution by hanging on November 27, 1290, Cragh himself testifies before a papal commission at a hearing in Hereford. Of 38 miracles alleged to have been the result of intercession by Cantilupe, the papal commission finds 12 of them doubtful, but accepts another 26 and recommends canonization. Pope John XXII will formally canonize Bishop Cantilupe on April 17, 1320.


date: August 22

text: August 22 – Walter Reynolds, Bishop of Worcester, becomes the new Lord High Treasurer for Edward II, replacing Walter Langton, Bishop of Coventry. The next day, Henry Ludgershall is made the new Chamberlain of the Exchequer.


date: September 5

text: September 5 – Pope Clement V issues a papal bull confirming that the island of Rhodes, now one of the Dodecanese islands of Greece, will be the property of the Knights Hospitaller.


date: November 22

text: November 22 – Following the example of France's King Philip the Fair, Pope Clement V issues a papal decree directing all monarchs of the Christian faith to arrest the Knights Templar and to confiscate their lands as property of the Church.


date: April 14

section: Science & Discovery

text: April 14 – Persian historian Rashid al-Din Hamadani completes his comprehensive chronicle of Persian history, the Jami' al-tawarikh, inscribing the Persian calendar date "24th day of Farvardin 686"


date: February 17

text: February 17 – Eight days after their capture at Loch Ryan, Thomas de Brus, and Alexander de Brus, Reginald Crawford are all executed. Thomas and Alexander are taken to Carlisle, where hanged, drawn and quartered.


date: October 13

text: October 13 – King Philip IV of France orders the arrest of all members of the Knights Templar in France. The Templars, together with their Grand Master Jacques de Molay, are imprisoned, interrogated, and tortured into confessing heresy. In Paris, the king's inquisitors torture some 140 Templars, most of whom eventually make confessions. Many are subjected to "fire torture": their legs are fastened in an iron frame and the soles of their feet are greased with fat or butter. Unable to withstand these tortures, many Templars eventually confess.


date: November 18

text: November 18 – William Tell, Swiss mountain climber and marksman, shoots (according to legend) an apple off his son's head with a crossbow at Altdorf, Switzerland.


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Theodoric IV, the ruler of the semi-independent states of Lusatia, Osterland and Thuringia, is murdered at Leipzig by Philip of Nassau. Theodoric is succeeded by Frederick the Brave as ruler of Thuringia and by Otto IV of Brandenburg as ruler of Lusatia. The areas are now part of eastern Germany.


date: June 21

text: June 21 – The coronation of Külüg Khan as Khan of the Mongol Empire and as Emperor Wuzong of Yuan dynasty China, takes place in Khanbaliq in what is now Beijing.


date: July 20

text: July 20 – King Edward II travels from London, after he is proclaimed king and continues north into Scotland, where he receives homage from his Scottish supporters at Dumfries.


date: August 4

text: August 4 – King Edward II abandons the campaign against Scotland and returns home. He recalls his friend and favourite, Piers Gaveston, who is in exile, and makes him Earl of Cornwall, before arranging his marriage to the wealthy 13-year-old Margaret de Clare.


date: September 23

text: September 23 – A marriage contract is concluded between the Otto IV, Count of Burgundy and King Philip IV of France for the marriage of Otto's 11-year-old daughter Blanche to the King's 13-year-old son, Prince Charles. The marriage takes place on February 2, 1308, but will be annulled on May 19, 1322, shortly after Prince Charles assumes the throne as King Charles IV.


text: William II (or IV), Count of Hainaut, Dutch nobleman (House of Avesnes) (d. 1345)

source_section: Births


text: Alessandra Giliani, Italian female anatomist and scientist (d. 1326)


date: January 13

text: January 13 – Wareru, founder of the Martaban Kingdom, assassinated (b. 1253)

source_section: Deaths


date: February 10

text: February 10 – Temür Khan (or Chengzong), Mongol emperor


text: February 10 – Temür Khan (or Chengzong), the sixth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (as well as the Emperor Chengzong of Yuan-dynasty China) dies at the age of 41 after a reign of 12 years. He is succeeded by his nephew, Külüg Khan.


date: April 21

text: April 21 – Ralph Baldock, Bishop of London, becomes the new Lord Chancellor of England upon the death of William Hamilton, but serves for less than four months.


date: April 23

text: April 23 – Joan of Acre (or Johanna), English princess (b. 1272)


date: May 13

text: May 13 – Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr, Marinid ruler of Morocco


date: July 4

text: July 4 – Rudolf I, German nobleman, knight and king (b. 1282)


text: July 4 – Rudolf I, king of Bohemia, dies.


date: July 7

text: July 7 – King Edward I of England, known as Edward Longshanks, dies at Burgh by Sands after a 34-year reign. He is succeeded by his son 23-year-old Edward II, who becomes new ruler of England. After his death Edward's body is embalmed and transported to Waltham Abbey in Essex. Here it lay unburied for several weeks so that people can come and see the body lying in state. After this, Edward is taken to Westminster Abbey for a proper burial on October 28.


date: September 21

text: September 21 – Thomas Bitton (or Bytton), English bishop His brother was William of Bitton II, Bishop of Bath from 1267 to 1274.


date: October 11

text: October 11 – Catherine I, Latin empress consort (b. 1274)


date: November 23

text: November 23 – Diether III, German archbishop (b. 1250)


text: Duwa Khan, Mongol ruler of the Chagatai Khanate, dies after a 25-year reign and is succeeded by his son Könchek (until 1308).


text: Thomas de Brus (or Bruse), Scottish nobleman and Dean of Glasgow (b. 1284)


date: March 8

text: March 8 – King Denis of Portugal, "the Poet King", grants Póvoa de Varzim a charter, the Foral, giving royal lands to 54 families, who found a municipality known as Póvoa around Praça Velha.


date: October 20

text: October 20 – The English Parliament begins its fourth session of the reign of King Edward II and meets at Westminster.


date: December 19

text: December 19 – Treaty of Alcalá de Henares: King Ferdinand IV of Castile and King James II of Aragon sign an alliance in the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta. Ferdinand agrees to join James in making war by sea and by land against Granada. He also promises to give up one-sixth of Granada to Aragon, and grants him the Province of Almería.


date: May 1

text: May 1 – King Albrecht I of Germany, ruler of the Regnum Teutonicorum and King of the Romans within the Holy Roman Empire, is assassinated at Windisch in Switzerland by his nephew, John of Swabia, the day after the two had an argument at a banquet in Winterthur.


date: May 23

text: May 23 – Battle of Inverurie: Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce defeat the rival Scots under John Comyn at Oldmeldrum. During the battle, Robert repulses a surprise attack on his camp, and counter-attacks the Scots of Clan Comyn. John flees to seek refuge at the English court and is well received by Edward II, who appoints him as Lord Warden of the Marches. Meanwhile, Robert orders his forces to burn the farms, houses and strongholds associated with Clan Cumming in north-east Scotland. The Earldom of Buchan will never again rise for Clan Cumming.


date: July 2

text: July 2 – Alauddin Khalji, Sultan of Delhi sets off from the Indian city of Delhi toward the Fort of Siwana (now in the Rajasthan state) to begin the siege of Siwana, which is completed in September.


date: August 15

text: August 15 – The Knights Hospitaller complete the conquest of the Greek island of Rhodes after four years.


date: August 31

text: August 31 – (Tokuji 3, 15th day of the 8th month of Tokuji 3) Prince Morikuni becomes the ninth, and last, shogun of the Kamakura bakufu.


date: September

text: September – Siege of Siwana: Delhi forces under Alauddin Khalji capture the Siwana fortress after a two-month siege. During the siege, Alauddin defiles the main water tank of Siwana (by a traitor) with cows' blood.


date: November 10

text: November 10 – After the fall of the fortress of Siwana in India, Prince Sital Deva is ambushed while trying to flee to safety at Jalor. The soldiers decapitate Sital and present his head as a trophy to the Delhi Sultan, Alauddin.


text: Summer – Battle of the Pass of Brander: Scottish forces under King Robert the Bruce defeat the rival Scots of the Clan MacDougall, kinsmen of John Comyn the Red . During the battle, Robert orders to bypass the Pass of Brander. He sends James Douglas the Black) with a party of archers to take up positions above the pass to avoid an ambush. Robert breaks through the MacDougalls blockade and defeats them at the Bridge of Awe. The MacDougalls are chased westwards across the River Awe to Dunstaffnage. The Lord of Argyll surrenders and does homage to Robert.

source_section: Events › By place › Scotland


text: The harrying of Buchan takes places as Scottish forces under Edward Bruce devastate the lands of John Comyn, and his supporters following the victory at Inverurie. Meanwhile, Robert the Bruce takes Aberdeen, conquers Galloway and threatens northern Scotland.


text: Summer – Delhi forces led by Malik Kafur invade the Yadava Kingdom under King Ramachandra, who shelters the fugitive Vaghela king Karna. Ramachandra sues for peace and acknowledges Delhi's overlordship.


date: June 25

text: June 25 – Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the Parliament, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the Earldom of Cornwall, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in Gascony. Further to this, he is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by Pope Clement V. Edward II accompanies him to Bristol, from where he sets sail for Ireland.


date: February 25

text: February 25 – Edward II is crowned at Westminster Abbey under the guidance of Henry Woodlock, bishop of Winchester. During the ceremony, Piers Gaveston is given the honour of carrying the crown. At the banquet that followed, Edward spends more time with Gaveston than with his wife Isabella of France. Isabella's family, who have travelled with her from France, leave to report back to Philip IV of Edward's favouritism for Gaveston over Isabella. As part of the coronation, Edward swears an oath to uphold "the rightful laws and customs which the community of the realm shall have chosen".


date: June 28

text: June 28 – After 138 members of the Knights Templar were convicted of heresy on October 19, 1307, a trial is held for 54 Templars who testify before Pope Clement V, with most confessing to at least one charge.


date: August 11

text: August 11 – Pope Clement V grants the Knights Hospitaller permission to begin the Crusade of the Poor.

source_section: Events › July – September


date: August 12

text: August 12 – Pope Clement V publishes the papal bull Faciens Misericordiam ("The granting of forgiveness"), absolving the Knights Templar from charges of heresy and declaring that the Roman Catholic Church, rather than any individual nation, will be in charge of future charges against the Knights. On the same day, he issues the bull Regnans in coelis, summoning what will become the Council of Vienne in 1311.


date: August 20

text: August 20 – The Chinon Parchment is written by French Cardinal Berengar Fredol the Elder, summarizing the results of the investigations of Fredol and the two other Cardinals of their disposition of the Knights Templar charges. The parchment is then put in the Vatican Apostolic Archive and will remain undiscovered for almost seven centuries before being rediscovered by Barbara Frale.


date: November 27

text: November 27 – Henry VII Count of Luxemburg, is elected the new Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt. The election comes with the support of his brother Baldwin, Archbishop of Trier, who wins over most of the electors, in exchange for some substantial concessions. The only elector who does not support Henry of Luxemburg is Henry of Bohemia.

source_section: Events › October – December


date: December

text: December – King Władysław I Łokietek of Poland imprisons Jan Muskata, Bishop of Kraków. In response, Polish and German citizens revolt against his rule in Kraków (as in all Poland's cities at this time). Władysław in a delicate position responds with force and arrests the revolt's leaders. He ties them to horses and drags them through the city streets.


text: Sultan Mesud II, Seljuk vassal of the Mongol Ilkhanate, is murdered after a 5-year reign. During his rule, he exercises no real authority and becomes the last ruler. Ending the Sultanate of Rum after 230 years.


date: November 22

text: November 22 – The coronation of the Emperor Hanazono of Japan takes place at Edo.


text: November 27 – On the same day, Hungarian nobles formally elect the 20-year-old Charles Robert of Salerno as King of Hungary and Croatia in the Hungarian city of Pest (now part of Budapest). He becomes Charles I, but his rule remains nominal in most parts of the realm after he is crowned.


text: King Philip IV of France purchases Hôtel de Nesle in Paris and builds one of the earliest indoor tennis courts there.


text: Dante Alighieri begins work on his Divine Comedy, comprising Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso. It is one of the most influential works of the European Middle Ages (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Literature


text: August 12 – Moriyoshi, Japanese nobleman and prince (d. 1335)


text: Longchenpa, Tibetan Buddhist scholar-yogi and writer (d. 1364)


text: Joan III of Burgundy, French noblewoman and princess (d. 1347)


text: Gaston II, French nobleman and knight (House of Foix) (d. 1343)


text: Andrea Orcagna, Italian painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1368)


text: Joguk (or "Borjigin Jintong"), queen consort of Goryeo (d. 1325)


date: February 1

text: February 1 – Herman I the Tall Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (and co-ruler of Brandenburg with Otto IV), dies and is succeeded as Margrave by his son John V.


date: March 18

text: March 18 – Yuri I of Galicia, king of Ruthenia (House of Rurik)


text: March 18 – Brothers Andrei Rurik and Lev II Rurik become the co-monarchs of Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine and Poland, with a capital at Lviv), upon the death of their father, King Yuri I of Galicia. The two brothers will reign until their deaths in 1323 at the Battle of Berestia against Mongol invaders.


date: April 5

text: April 5 – Ivan Kőszegi, Hungarian nobleman and palatine (b. 1245)


date: April 15

text: April 15 – Abu Hammu I becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Tlemcen after the death of his brother, Sultan Abu Zayyan I.


date: July 30

text: July 30 – Chungnyeol, Korean ruler (House of Wang) (b. 1236)


text: July 30 – Chungseon of Goryeo becomes the King of Korea for the second time, after the death of his father, King Chungnyeol of Korea. Chungseon had ruled for a few months in 1298 during the illness of his father.


text: August 12 – Edmund Stafford, English nobleman and Peerage


date: August 18

text: August 18 – Clare of Montefalco, Italian nun and abbess (b. 1268)


date: September 10

text: September 10 – (Tokuji 3, 25th day of the 8th month) At the age of 11, Hanazono becomes the 95th Emperor of Japan upon the death of his cousin, the Emperor Go-Nijō. Emperor Hanazono will rule until 1348.


date: October 5

text: October 5 – Guy II de la Roche, Duchy of Athens, dies at the age of 28, bringing an end to the de la Roche dynasty. He is succeeded by his cousin, Walter V, Count of Brienne.


date: November 8

text: November 8 – John Duns Scotus, Scottish priest and philosopher


date: December 16

text: December 16 – Tran Anh Tong becomes the new Emperor of Dai Viet (corresponding to northern Vietnam) upon the death of his father, Tran Nhan Tong.


date: December 21

text: December 21 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (Henry the Child), German nobleman (b. 1244)


date: February 24

text: February 24 – In Spain, King Ferdinand IV of Castile agrees to assist the neighboring Crown of Aragon


date: March 14

text: March 14 – (1 Shawwal 708 AH) Sultan Muhammad III is deposed during a palace coup after a 7-year reign, and is replaced by his half-brother Abu al-Juyush Nasr, as ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Muhammad III is spared and allowed to live in Almuñécar, but his vizier, Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim, is killed.


date: May 12

text: May 12 – Marinid Sultan Abu al-Rabi Sulayman launches an attack on Ceuta. He concludes an alliance with King James II of Castile, and concedes commercial benefits to Castilian merchants. Abu al-Rabi also sends 1,000 measures of wheat to Aragon. A few months later, Marinid forces, without Castilian support, occupy Ceuta and expel Saracen forces from Morocco.


date: July 3

text: July 3 – Portugal joins forces with the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in their attack on Gibraltar.


date: July 18

text: July 18 – King James II of Aragon and his navy depart from Valencia on their expedition to begin the Siege of Almería.


text: July 30 – (21 Safar 709 A.H.) Siege of Algeciras: Castilian forces led by Ferdinand IV "the Summoned"") begin the siege of Algeciras, capital of the Emirate of Granada. King Denis I of Portugal ("the Poet King") sends a contingent of 700 knights to support the siege. He provides Ferdinand, in accordance with his friendship, a loan of 16,600 silver marks.


date: August 11

text: August 11 – Siege of Almería: Aragonese forces (some 12,000 men) under King James II of Aragon ("James the Just") land on the coast of Almería and begin blockading the city with his fleet. His forces include siege engines such as mangonels and trebuchets. James orders multiple unsuccessful assaults on the city and is forced (due to a shortage of supplies) to make a truce in December.


date: August 15

text: August 15 – Conquest of Rhodes: The Byzantine garrison of the city of Rhodes surrenders to the Crusader forces of the Knights Hospitaller under Grand Master Foulques de Villaret – completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves as the Knights of Rhodes.


date: August 23

text: August 23 – A relief force from the Emirate of Granada attempts to drive out the Kingdom of Aragon forces at Almeria, but loses thousands of men.


date: September 12

text: September 12 – Siege of Gibraltar: Castilian forces under Juan Núñez II de Lara and Alonso Pérez de Guzmán besiege and conquer the Saracen fortress at Gibraltar, which had been held by them for nearly 600 years (since the year 711). During the siege, the port is blockaded. Ferdinand IV of Castile orders repairs of the damaged city walls.


date: October 31

text: October 31 – In India, Alauddin Khalji, Sultan of Delhi, orders General Malik Kafur to invade the Kakatiya kingdom, ruled by Prataparudra, and to besiege its capital, Warangal (now in India's Telangana state).


date: October

text: October – About 500 knights led by John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos, uncle of King James II of Castile, desert the Castilian encampment during the Siege of Algeciras because they are not getting paid and because one-sixth of Granada will be ceded to the Kingdom of Aragon. King Ferdinand of Aragon continues the siege.


date: November 13

text: November 13 – After a layover in Masudspur, the Delhi Sultanate Army of General Kafur resumes its march toward Warangal, stopping at Sultanpur on November 19, at Khandar on December 5 and at Nikanth on December 27.


date: July 21

text: July 21 – The north African territory of Ceuta, controlled by the Emirate of Granada, is conquered by a fleet of ships, led by Eimeric de Bellveí, from the Kingdom of Aragon.


date: January 6

text: January 6 – The coronation of Henry of Luxemburg as "King of the Romans", the person first-in-line to succeed the Holy Roman Emperor, takes place at Aachen (now in Germany). He will become the Emperor in 1312.


date: February 2

text: February 2 – At Avignon, Pope Clement V begins the investigation and posthumous trial of the late Pope Boniface VIII, who was accused of heresy and sodomy after his death in 1303, in papers circulated by Guillaume de Nogaret.


date: March 9

text: March 9 – Pope Clement V officially transfers the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Pontiff from Rome to the French city of Avignon, his residence and at this time part of the Kingdom of Arles, starting the Avignon Papacy. Since 1305, the papal court had been at Poitiers, and the move is justified by violence in Rome. The papal seat becomes part of the Holy Roman Empire, and its absence from Rome is referred to as the "Babylonian captivity of the Papacy".


date: April 24

text: April 24 – Spanish kings James II of Aragon and Ferdinand IV of Castile persuade Pope Clement V to grant the papal bull Indesinentis cure, authorizing them approval and church financial support for a crusade to rid the Iberian peninsula of Islam, as well as to conquer Corsica and Sardinia. The two monarchs fail to mention their collaboration with the Muslim Marinid Empire, and use the papal bull to plan a blockade of the Strait of Gibraltar with their combined fleet of 40 warships on their mission to expel the Saracen forces from Spain.


date: April 29

text: April 29 – Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Prioribus decanis granting King Ferdinand IV of clergy taxes collected in Castile, in order to finance the war against Granada.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – In Italy, the Archbishop of Milan, Cassone della Torre, is imprisoned by troops sent by his cousin Guido della Torre to attack the archbishop's palace.


date: October 18

text: October 18 – King Edward II summons a council to meet at York, but several nobles (the earls of Lancaster, Lincoln, Warwick, Oxford and Arundel) refuse to attend due to Piers Gaveston's attendance. Since he returned from exile, Gaveston tries to alienate the nobles from the king.


text: October 18 – At Avignon, Pope Clement V signs a mandate consenting "for any persons who wanted to proceed against the memory of Boniface VIII to proceed" and sends it to the Bishop of Paris for the posthumous trial of Boniface for heresy.


date: October 29

text: October 29 – Archbishop Cassone della Torre of Milan is exiled to Bologna by his cousin Guido, who is later excommunicated.


date: November 4

text: November 4 – Pope Clement V declares that Knights Hospitaller will not be sent to the Holy Land and Jerusalem, and that they will be limited to defending the Mediterranean Sea including Cyprus and Rhodes.


date: November 19

text: November 19 – Pope Clement V reverses the excommunication of Flemish hero Willem van Saeftinghe and grants him absolution, but requires him to join the Knights Hospitaller in their crusade at the island of Rhodes.


text: The village of Lukáčovce in Slovakia first appears in the historical records.

source_section: Events › By place › Cities and Towns


date: October 22

text: October 22 – The trial of the Knights Templar arrested in England begins and will continue for the next five months, ending on March 18, 1310.


date: February 15

text: February 15 – King Denis of Portugal grants the Magna Charta Privilegioum, charter for Portugal's first university, now the University of Coimbra. Joseph M. M. Hermans and Marc Nelissen, Charters of Foundation and Early Documents of the Universities of the Coimbra Group (Leuven University Press, 2005) p. 38.

source_section: Events › January – March


date: April

text: April – After his ascent to the throne, the Emir Nasr ad-Din Muhammad of Granada sends envoys to the Marinid court at Fez, in Morocco.


date: June 15

text: June 15 – The second coronation of Charles I as King of Hungary takes place at Székesfehérvár after a first attempt in 1301 was not recognized.


date: October 20

text: October 20 – In what is now central Myanmar, the coronation of Thihathu as the monarch of the Myinsaing Kingdom takes place.


text: Alnwick Castle in Northumberland is bought by the House of Percy, later Earls of Northumberland.

source_section: Events › By place › England


date: March 25

text: March 25 – Robert de Ferrers, English nobleman and knight (d. 1350)


date: June 9

text: June 9 – Rupert I, German nobleman and count palatine (d. 1390)


date: December 6

text: December 6 – Humphrey de Bohun, English nobleman (d. 1361)


text: probable – Aldona of Lithuania (or "Anna"), queen consort of Poland (d. 1339)


text: Conrad of Megenberg, German scholar and scientist (d. 1374)


date: January 4

text: January 4 – Angela of Foligno, Italian nun, mystic and writer (b. 1248)


date: February 9

text: February 9 – Nanpo Shōmyō, Japanese monk and priest (b. 1235)


date: March 7

text: March 7 – Lovato Lovati, Italian scholar, judge and writer (b. 1241)


date: April 10

text: April 10 (probable) – Elisabeth von Rapperswil, Swiss noblewoman (b. 1251)


date: May 5

text: May 5 – King Charles II "the Lame" of Naples), son of Charles I of Anjou (b. 1254)


text: May 5 – Robert the Wise becomes the new King of Naples upon the death of his father, Charles the Lame.

source_section: Events › April – June


date: May 19

text: May 19 – Agostino Novello, Italian priest and prior general (b. 1240)


date: July 13

text: July 13 – John I, Dutch nobleman and bishop (House of Nassau)


date: July 16

text: July 16 – James Stewart, Scottish nobleman and knight (b. 1260)


date: August 10

text: August 10 – Giovanni Boccamazza, Italian cardinal and archbishop


date: September 19

text: September 19 – Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Spanish nobleman (b. 1256)


date: October 6

text: October 6 – Frederick VII, German nobleman (House of Hohenzollern)


date: October 18

text: October 18 – Tettsū Gikai, Japanese monk and Zen Master (b. 1219)


date: December 18

text: December 18 – In Spain, three months after the September 19 death of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Fernando Ponce de León is made the new ruler of Marchena, as well as Bornos, Espera, Rota and Chipiona by King Ferdinand IV of Castile.


text: Reorganization of the Imperial Council: Central administration is reinforced, and administrative positions are entrusted to knights, according to a very strict hierarchy. Under the reorganization, the Roman Senate is excluded from controlling the business of state.

source_section: Events › By place › Roman Empire


text: Italy is divided into legal districts managed by consuls, a direct blow to the power and prestige of the Senate.


text: Hadrian restores the monarchist policy of Claudius and Domitian. The equestrian order is given full legal status, and attains the second order of the state.


text: The Temple of Baalshamin is built in Palmyra.


text: The Praetor's Edict is definitively codified by Salvius Julianus, on Hadrian's orders. This change means that senatorial decrees become a mere confirmation of the imperial speech (oratio principis) which initiated them.


text: Emperor Hadrian builds the city Aelia Capitolina, on the location of Jerusalem.


text: The Edict of Hadrian prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death, as well as observance of festivals and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law, and the ordination of rabbis.


text: Joshua ben Hananiah, leading Jewish tanna


date: February 8

text: February 8 – The English Parliament opens at Westminster, after being summoned on October 26. The Parliament will continue to meet until April 12.


text: February 9 – At Dublin, acting in his capacity as Lord of Ireland, King Edward II of England (as Éadbhard II Shasana, Tiarna Éireann) opens the first session of the Parliament of Ireland during his administration. The Irish Parliament will hold 14 sessions before being dismissed in 1326.


date: March 3

text: March 3 – Konrad I of Oleśnica and his brother Boleslaw, sons and heirs of Henry III, Duke of Głogów renounce their rights to Gdańsk Pomerania (now part of Poland) in return for payment by the principality of Brandenburg, ruled by the Margrave Heinrich I.


date: October 1

text: October 1 – Writing from Kildrum, King Robert the Bruce of Scotland attempts to establish peace talks with King Edward II of England (who is encamped in Scotland at Biggar) but Edward refuses to negotiate.


date: January 19

text: January 19 – General Malik Kafur of the Delhi Sultanate begins the siege of Warangal, capital of the Kakatiya kingdom in what is now the Indian state of Telangana.


date: January 26

text: January 26 – James II of Aragon ends the siege of Almeria after five months without taking the city.


date: March 5

text: March 5 – Baybars II, Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt, is driven from office by an angry mob consisting of supporters of his predecessor, An-Nasir Muhammad. Baybars is located and turned over to Sultan Nasir.


date: March 20

text: March 20 – Having secured the surrender of King Prataparudra of Kakatiya during the siege of Warangal, General Malik Kafur of the Delhi Sultanate begins his return journey to Delhi. He will arrive on June 23.


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Tiepolo conspiracy: Leading Venetian nobles led by Bajamonte Tiepolo organise a conspiracy against Doge Pietro Gradenigo. Their plot fails due to treachery and the rebels are defeated near Piazza San Marco by forces faithful to the doge. During their retreat to the San Polo sestiere, the Rialto Bridge is burnt down. Later, Tiepolo surrenders himself and is exiled to Istria. The suppression of the revolt will lead to the creation of the Council of Ten.


date: June 23

text: June 23 – General Malik Kafur arrives at Delhi and presents to Sultan Alauddin the treasures captured from Warrangal.


date: July 1

text: July 1 – The Citadel of Erbil, headquarters of a rebellion by 10,000 Eastern Christians and located in what is now Iraq, is captured after a siege by the Mongol Ilkhanate, and the defenders are massacred.


date: September 20

text: September 20 – King Edward II of England reaches Roxburgh after starting his invasion of the Kingdom of Scotland "in the third week of September". The campaign is fruitless, even though English forces under Piers Gaveston manage to reach as far north as Perth.


date: December 3

text: December 3 – Prague, capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, is captured and King Henry of Bohemia is deposed by his brother, John of Luxemburg, who will later be known as "John the Blind".


text: Spring – Siege of Warangal: Delhi forces led by Malik Kafur conquer the fortress of Warangal after a month-long siege. Rudradeva II, Indian ruler of the Kakatiya Dynasty, negotiates a truce and surrenders a huge amount of wealth to send to the Delhi Sultanate.

source_section: Events › By place › Asia


text: Spring – Castilian forces abandon the siege of Algeciras after six months and begin negotiations with Granada. Ferdinand and Sultan sign a peace treaty for seven years on May 26.


date: February 24

text: February 24 – A group of 12 Scottish Catholic bishops, including William Sinclair, Bishop of Dunkeld, swear fealty to Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland.


date: April 8

text: April 8 – The return of the Kingdom of Hungary's Crown of Saint Stephen is successfully negotiated at Szeged by Thomas II, Archbishop of Esztergom, along with Amadeus Aba and Dominic II Rátót to secure its return from Ladislaus III Kán, the Voivode of Transylvania.


date: May 9

text: May 9 – Nephon I of Constantinople becomes the new Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Byzantium, now at Turkey. He is elected after his predecessor, the 80-year-old Athanasius I, is forced to retire.


date: May 12

text: May 12 – In France, 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy at Paris, on orders of King Philip IV of France (Philip the Fair). Pope Clement V attempts to take control of the situation by issuing a papal bull, to assert the Church's authority over the matter and demands Philip turn over the Templars and their property to ecclesiastical officials, who will then try the Templars for charges themselves. (→ Trials of the Knights Templar)


date: July 10

text: July 10 – The Council of Ten (or simply "the Ten"), Il Consiglio dei Dieci is created to govern the Republic of Venice, by decree of Pietro Gradenigo, Doge of Venice. The council, the inner circle of oligarchical patricians, initially investigates the conspiracy of Bajamonte Tiepolo.


date: August 27

text: August 27 – The third coronation of Károly Róbert I (Charles I) as King of Hungary is carried out at Székesfehérvár by Thomas II, Archbishop of Esztergom after the Archbishop successfully negotiates the return of the Crown of Saint Stephen from Ladislaus Kán. Use of the Holy Crown had been required by Hungarian law for recognition by the nobles of Hungary.


date: December 11

text: December 11 – In Poland, Henry the Faithful becomes the new duke of Silesia and of much of Wielkopolska


text: Summer – Count Charles of Valois founds the Diocese of Corfu, Zakynthos and Cephalonia with its seat in Corfu. It is, comprising the Ionian Islands of Corfu, Zakynthos and Cephalonia.


date: April 15

text: April 15 – Sultan An-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt has his predecessor, the former Sultan Baybars II, executed.


date: September 1

text: September 1 – John of Luxemburg, younger brother of King Henry of Bohemia, marries Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of the late King Wenceslaus II.


text: The first purpose-built accommodation for students (the Mob Quad) is completed at Merton College, Oxford, England.

source_section: Events › By topic › Education


text: March 5 – Przecław of Pogorzela, Polish bishop (d. 1376)


date: April 30

text: April 30 – Casimir III the Great, king of Poland (d. 1368)


date: November 29

text: November 29 – John de Mowbray, English nobleman (d. 1361)


date: November 30

text: November 30 – Frederick II, German nobleman (d. 1349)


text: Niccolò Acciaioli, Italian nobleman and seneschal (d. 1365)


text: Dermot MacCarthy, Irish nobleman and magnate (d. 1367)


text: Urban V, French pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1370)


text: Jean de Beaumanoir, Breton nobleman and knight (d. 1366)


text: Guillaume Tirel (or "Taillevent"), French head chef (d. 1395)


text: Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz, Spanish cardinal (d. 1367)


text: Simon Langham, English cardinal and archbishop (d. 1376)


text: Berenguer de Cruïlles, Spanish abbot and bishop (d. 1362)


text: Margaret I, French noblewoman (House of Capet) (d. 1382)


date: April 13

text: April 13 – In Burma, Athinkhaya, one of the three brothers serving as regents of the Kingdom of Myinsaing in present-day central Burma (Myanmar), dies at the age of 49, leaving his brothers Thihathu and Yazathingyan in control. Thihathu will soon be the sole ruler of Burma.


text: April 13 – Athinkhaya, Burmese ruler and regent (b. 1261)


text: April 15 – Baybars II, Egyptian ruler and regent (b. 1250)


date: April 26

text: April 26 – Constance of Montcada, French noblewoman


date: May 20

text: May 20 – John de Moels, English nobleman and knight


date: May 22

text: May 22 – Humilitas of Vallombrosa, Italian nun (b. 1226)


date: May 25

text: May 25 – Otto III, Duke of Carinthia, dies and is succeeded by his younger brother, King Henry of Bohemia, Margrave of Moravia and the nominal King of Poland.


text: May 25 – Otto III, Austrian nobleman (House of Gorizia)


date: June 1

text: June 1 – Marguerite Porete, French mystic and author


date: October 14

text: October 14 – Blanche of Anjou, consort of King James II of Aragon


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Athanasius I, Byzantine patriarch (b. 1230)


date: November 23

text: November 23 – Abu Sa'id Uthman II becomes the new Sultan of Morocco upon the death of his nephew, the Sultan Abu al-Rabi Sulayman.


text: November 23 – Abu al-Rabi Sulayman, Moroccan ruler


date: December 10

text: December 10 – Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria, one of the three brothers ruling the southern German duchy within the Roman Empire, dies, leaving his older brothers Otto III and Louis III as the dual rulers.


date: July 6

text: July 6 – Bolad, who had served as the Mongol Empire's representative in the Middle East as Ikhanate, is appointed as the Duke of Ze by the Mongol Emperor of Yuan dynasty China, Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Matteo I Visconti is restored to rule over the Duchy of Milan after purchasing the title of imperial vicar from the new King of Italy, Henry VII.


date: August 16

text: August 16 – The Parliament of England presents the Ordinances of 1311 to King Edward II (document dated 5 October; published on 11 October); these substitute the 21 Lord Ordainers for the King as the effective government of the country.


date: October 3

text: October 3 – Peace is restored in northeastern Hungary as the envoys of King Charles I arbitrate and agreement between the rebels at Košice and the two sons of the late Amadeus Aba, Amadeus II and Dominic.


text: October 28 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile signs the Concord of Palencia with the principal magnates of the rest of the kingdom (including his brother, Prince John of Castile), promising to respect the customs and privileges of the subjects of his towns, and as well as to not deprive the nobles of the rents and lands that belong to the Crown.


date: November 5

text: November 5 – Eight days after the signing of the Concord of Palencia, John of Castile violates his promise to his nephew Ferdinand IV and enters into an alliance with Juan Núñez II de Lara.


date: January 6

text: January 6 – Henry VII, the future Holy Roman Emperor, is crowned King of Italy in Milan with a mock-up of the Iron crown of Lombardy. The Tuscan Guelphs refuse to attend the ceremony and begin preparing for resistance against Henry's rule. Henry approves the despotic regimes of Matteo I Visconti in Milan and Cangrande I della Scala in Verona. The cities of Piedmont and Lombardy submit to Henry – in accordance with the proclaimed program of peace and justice. Florence and their Guelph (anti-imperialist) allies in Tuscany and Romagna move to defend themselves against Henry's accession.


date: February 12

text: February 12 – Milan Uprising: German forces under Baldwin of Luxembourg (brother of Henry VII) crush the Italian Guelph troops, led by Guido della Torre in Milan. A contingent of Teutonic Knights kills and disperses most of the rebels in a single cavalry charge. Guido della Torre escapes, and is condemned to death in absence by Henry.


date: March 15

text: March 15 – The Battle of Halmyros is fought in Greece as the mercenaries of the Catalan Company defeat the Latin forces (some 15,000 men), and their allies under Walter V at Halmyros (southern Thessaly). After the battle, they take control of the Duchy of Athens. Later, Catalan forces peacefully occupy all of Attica and Boeotia, which they rule as part of Greece (until the 1380s).


date: April 7

text: April 7 – Battle of Woplauken: In Europe, the Teutonic Knights defeat the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.


date: April 26

text: April 26 – King Henry VII of Italy razes the city walls of Cremona after suppressing the rebellion of the Torriani family against his rule.


date: June 11

text: June 11 – Boleslaw III the Wasteful, Duke of Wroclaw, renounces his claims to the throne of the Kingdom of Poland


date: June 25

text: June 25 – Matthew III Csák, the Palatine of Hungary, attempts to expand his territory within the kingdom and pillages the area around the town of Buda


date: September 5

text: September 5 – In the northeastern part of the Kingdom of Hungary, in what is now the Republic of Slovakia, the oligarch Amadeus Aba is assassinated by rebels at the south gate of Košice.


date: September 16

text: September 16 – After a four-month siege, Guelph rebels in the Italian city of Brescia surrender to Cangrande I della Scala, Lord of Verona and officer of King Henry VII.


date: November 13

text: November 13 – (1 Ocho, 22nd day of 9th month) Munenobu Hojo becomes the regent for the Kamakura Shogunate (to July 1312).


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Al-Mahdi Muhammad bin al-Mutahhar, the Shi'ite Muslim Imam of the Zaidiyyah state in Yemen, leads Zaidi troops to victory in a battle in the Sheref district against the Sunni Muslim Rasulid sultanate that dominates most of Yemen. A 10-year ceasefire agreement is brokered between Zaidiyyah and the Rasulid Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Da'udsultan.


date: July 25

text: July 25 – At Algeciras a fleet of Marinid ships, arrives after being sent by Morocco's Sultan Abu Sa'id Uthman II, who was attempting to restore the Muslim presence.


date: March 20

text: March 20 – King Ferdinand IV, known as "Ferdinand the Summoned", grants new privileges to the Catholic Church within the Kingdom of Castile during an assembly at Palencia. In April, Ferdinand becomes seriously ill and is transferred to Valladolid, despite the opposition of his wife, Queen Constance, who wishes to transfer him to Carrión de los Condes (northern Spain).


date: April 27

text: April 27 – Pope Clement V, having decided to let the Council of Vienne determine the question of whether the late Pope Boniface VIII had been guilty of heresy, officially excuses King Philip IV of France from any condemnation of Boniface.


date: June 9

text: June 9 – The painting Maestà the master work of the Italian artist Duccio di Buoninsegna, is unveiled at the Siena Cathedral in the Republic of Siena.


date: July 6

text: July 6 – Eleven days after beginning his siege of Buda, Matthew III Csak is excommunicated by Gentile Portino da Montefiore, the Roman Catholic Cardinal sent by Pope Clement V.


date: October 16

text: October 16 – Council of Vienne: Pope Clement V convokes the 15th Ecumenical Council at Vienne, France, in the presence of 20 cardinals, about 100 archbishops and bishops, and a number of abbots and priors. The main item on the agenda of the council is the Order of the Knights Templar. Clement passes papal bulls to dissolve the Templar Order, confiscate their lands, and label them as heretics.


date: November 23

text: November 23 – Pope Clement V appoints Jens Grand, the Danish-born Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, as the arbiter of a dispute between the Archbishopric of Riga (at the time of Terra Mariana, now the Republic of Latvia) and Teutonic Prussia (now part of Poland).


text: Lincoln Cathedral in England is completed; with the spire reaching around 525 feet (160 m), it becomes the world's tallest structure (surpassing the Great Pyramid of Giza, which held the record for almost 4,000 years), a record it holds until the spire is blown down in 1549.

source_section: By place › England


date: October 11

section: Health & Medicine

text: October 11 – The Ordinances of 1311 are published in England by King Edward II, restricting the power of the monarchs of England.


text: Bolingbroke Castle passes to the House of Lancaster.


date: March 29

text: March 29 – Amadeus III, Savoyan nobleman and knight (d. 1367)


date: April 3

text: April 3 – Margaret de Bohun, English noblewoman (d. 1391)


date: July 1

text: July 1 – Liu Bowen, Chinese statesman and politician (d. 1375)


date: August 13

text: August 13 – Alfonso XI, nicknamed "Alfonso the Avenger", King of Castile (d. 1350)


text: Munenaga, Japanese nobleman, prince and priest (d. 1385)


text: Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, French nobleman, knight and ambassador (d. 1356)


text: Margaret I, German queen and Holy Roman Empress (d. 1356)


date: January 27

text: January 27 – Külüg Khan, Mongol ruler and Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan dynasty China, (b. 1281)


date: March 3

text: March 3 (date buried) – Antony Bek, English bishop and patriarch (b. 1245)


date: March 15

text: March 15 – Thomas III d'Autremencourt, Lord of Salona, Marshal of Achaea


text: March 15 – Walter V, French nobleman (House of Brienne) (b. 1275)


text: March 15 – George I Ghisi, Triarch of Euboea, Baron of Chalandritsa, Lord of Tinos, Mykonos, Serifos and Keos


date: April 7

text: April 7 – In Asia, Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan is proclaimed as the Mongol Emperor Renzong of Yuan Dynasty China, 10 weeks after the death of his brother, Külüg Khan.


date: April

text: April – Botulf Botulfsson, Swedish peasant executed for heresy (only confirmed case of an execution for heresy by the Catholic church in Sweden)


date: May 29

text: May 29 – Sancho the Peaceful of Barcelona becomes the new King of Majorca, a set of islands in the Mediterranean Sea (now Spain's Balearic Islands) after the death of his father, King Jaume II


text: May 29 – James II of Majorca (b. 1243)


text: August 13 – Pietro Gradenigo, Doge of the Republic of Venice since 1289, dies after a reign of 22 years. Marino Zorzi is elected by the Venetian nobles to replace Gradenigo as the republic's chief executive officer.


text: August 13 – Pietro Gradenigo, Doge of Venice


date: September 5

text: September 5 – Amadeus Aba, Hungarian oligarch


date: November 29

text: November 29 – Alboino I della Scala, the Lord of Verona, dies and is succeeded by his brother Cangrande.


date: December 14

text: December 14 – Margaret of Brabant, German queen consort (b. 1276)


date: January 13

text: January 13 – English royal favourite Piers Gaveston, having returned secretly from two months exile on the continent, is reunited, probably at Knaresborough Castle, with King Edward II, who on January 18 restores all Gaveston's confiscated lands to him. They plan to travel to Scotland to seek help from King Robert the Bruce.


date: February 29

text: February 29 – The division of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) is carried out by the sons of Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau, with Konrad I and Bolesław receiving the eastern portion of Henry III's lands, and Henry IV, Jan and Przemko II retaining the rest.


date: April 10

text: April 10 – The threat of a takeover by the Kingdom of France against the sovereign French Archdiocese of Lyon is ended when the Archbishop Pierre de Savoie signs a treaty granting King Philip the Fair the authority to administer the Lyon courts and law enforcement system.


date: April 14

text: April 14 – In Germany, Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen signs the Treaty of Tangermünde after having been captured by Waldemar the Great of Brandenburg. Under the treaty, Meissen cedes its territory between the Elbe River and the Elster River to Brandenburg, and Frederick the Brave pays 32,000 silver coins to Waldemar.


date: September 27

text: September 27 – The Charter of Kortenberg is signed, and is possibly the first constitution which allows democratic decisions in feudal mainland Europe.


date: December 13

text: December 13 – John Hotham is appointed as the new Chancellor of the Exchequer in England by King Edward and serves for three and a half years.


date: February 7

text: February 7 – In Scotland, Dungal MacDouall is forced to surrender Dumfries Castle to the forces of King Robert the Bruce. Despite having helped in the murder of King Robert's brothers in 1308, Dungal is allowed to go into exile rather than being put to death.


date: February 20

text: February 20 – Öljaitü, the Ikhanate of the Mongol Empire's territory in the Middle East, carries out a purge of corrupt officials, with the arrest and execution of his vizier, Sa'd al-Din Savaji and one of Sa'd al-Din's closest aides, Taj al-Din Avaji,


date: May 4

text: May 4 – Edward II and Piers Gaveston are at Newcastle upon Tyne when they are alerted to the news of an English force under Henry Percy and Robert Clifford is heading for them. They manage to escape to Scarborough Castle.


date: May 19

text: May 19 – Scarborough Castle is captured by English forces under the command of Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke after a two-week siege with the surrender of Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall, after Aymer gives his word that Gaveston will not be harmed.


date: May 28

text: May 28 – After the Emir Abu al-Juyush Nasr of Granada asks for help from King Ferdinand IV of Castile, the Kingdom of Castile's forces, commanded by Peter of Castile, Lord of Cameros, Ferdinand's son of King Sancho IV, defeats the rebel Granadan Governor of Malaga, Abu Said Faraj in battle. Abu Said is allowed to retain his post as Governor of Málaga and resumes paying tributes to the Emir.


date: June 15

text: June 15 – Battle of Rozgony: Hungarian forces led by King Charles I defeat the family of Palatine Amadeus Aba near Rozgony. During the battle, Charles losses his royal standard, but is reinforced by German mercenaries from Košice (now part of the Republic of Slovakia). The rebel army is routed, and Charles extends his power base in Hungary. His position is secured and resistance (reduced by the magnates' opposition) against Charles' rule comes to an end.


date: July 13

text: July 13 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile leaves his palace at Ávila for the last time, placing his son Prince Alfonso in charge, and arrives in Toledo before proceeding to the province of Jaén to join his younger brother.


date: October 13

text: October 13 – Özbeg Khan, the Mongol ruler of much of Russia, demands that the Middle East Mongol ruler Öljaitü cede to him the Azerbaijan territory of modern-day Iran.


date: October 31

text: October 31 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor abandons his campaign against Florence.


date: December 15

text: December 15 – In Germany, Henry II the Lion, ruler of Mecklenburg, succeeds in his conquest of the Lordship of Rostock, at the time a protectorate of King Eric VI Menved of Denmark.


date: March 22

text: March 22 – Pope Clement V, under pressure from King Philip IV of France, officially disbands the Order of the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne, issuing the bull Vox in excelso. The Order's property and monetary assets are given to a rival order, the Knights Hospitaller. Meanwhile, Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is held in prison in Paris, where he is forced to commit false confessions.


date: May 2

text: May 2 – Pope Clement V orders the confiscation of all property of the Knights Templar in the papal bull Ad providam.


date: December 23

text: December 23 – At Avignon in France, Pope Clement V elevates nine bishops, all French, to the position of Roman Catholic cardinals. The nine include Jacques d'Euse, Bishop of Avignon, who will be elected Pope John XXII as Clement's successor in 1316.


date: June 19

text: June 19 – One month after surrendering Scarborough Castle to the Earl of Pembroke and having his life spared, Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall is executed at Blacklow Hill after having been taken hostage by Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick and put in a dungeon at Warwick Castle.


date: July 8

text: July 8 – In Italy, Francesco I Pico, Lord of Mirandola, is captured at Baggiovara by Guelph rebels in Bologna, while on his way home to Mirandola after being invested by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VII as imperial vicar. Pico is imprisoned for the next nine months before being released to resume his Lordship.


date: June 29

text: June 29 – Henry VII is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lateran Palace, since St Peter's Basilica is occupied by Romans hostile to him.


date: July 6

text: July 6 (1 Showa, 2nd day of 6th month) – Hirotoki Hojo becomes the regent for the Kamakura shogunate in Japan.


date: September 17

text: September 17 – William Donn de Burgh, Irish nobleman (d. 1333)


date: November 13

text: November 13 – Edward III, king of England and Ireland (d. 1377)


text: William II, Latin prince and knight (House of Barcelona) (d. 1338)


date: March 9

text: March 9 – Beatrice, Countess of Montfort, French noblewoman and co-ruler of Montfort, dies and is succeeded as Countess by her daughter Yolande of Dreux, former Queen consort of Scotland and wife of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany.


date: March 10

text: March 10 – Casimir of Bytom, Polish nobleman (House of Piast)


date: May 1

text: May 1 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir becomes the new Ban of Croatia upon the death of his father, Paul I Šubić.


text: May 1 – Paul I, Croatian nobleman, knight and oligarch (b. 1245)


date: May 13

text: May 13 – Frederick IV becomes the new Duke of Lorraine upon the death of his father, Theobald II.


date: July 13

text: July 13 – Giovanni Soranzo is elected as the new Doge to lead the Republic of Venice, 10 days after the death of the Doge Marino Zorzi and will serve for the next 18 years.


date: August 27

text: August 27 – In France, Jean III, nicknamed "John the Good" becomes the new Duke of Brittany upon the death of his father, Arthur II.


date: September 7

text: September 7 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile dies after a 17-year reign and is succeeded by his one-year-old son Alfonso XI. King Alfonso's mother, Queen consort Constance, becomes regent.


date: October 27

text: October 27 – John II, Duke of Brabant, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1275)


text: October 27 – Gentile Portino da Montefiore, Italian cardinal-priest (b. 1240)


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Elisabeth of Carinthia, queen of Germany (b. 1262)


date: November 9

text: November 9 – Otto III, Duke of Lower Bavaria and former King of Hungary, dies at his capital at Landshut (Niederbayern). Otto had shared power with his two brothers Louis III (who died in 1296) and Stephen I (who died in 1310), and the only heirs are the minor children of Stephen, 7-year-old Henry XIV and 5-year-old Otto IV, and Otto's 2-month-old son Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria.


date: December 7

text: December 7 – Michael II, Syrian Orthodox patriarch of Antioch, dies after a service of 20 years. Michael III Yeshu will be elected his successor.


text: December 7 – Michael II, Syrian Orthodox patriarch of Antioch


date: February 7

text: February 7 – (12th waxing of Tabaung, 674 ME) In what is now the Mandalay Region of central Myanmar in Asia, Burmese King Thihathu proclaims the Pinya Kingdom, to separate the area from the Myinsaing Kingdom. Thihathu appoints his son, Kyawswa I of Pinya, to replace him as the Viceroy of Pinle in Myinsaing.


date: June 21

text: June 21 – In Germany, peace is made between Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, and his younger brother, Louis the Bavarian, with Rudolf having control of the Electoral Palatinate, in return for supporting the election of Louis as the next Holy Roman Emperor.


date: September 23

text: September 23 – The English Parliament is called into session for the fourth time in less than 12 months, after three unsuccessful attempts to assemble members. King Edward II persuades the session to pass a tax bill for revenues to be collected by the following June in order to finance a new campaign against Scotland.


text: Tran Anh Tong, emperor of Annam (Northern Vietnam), occupies Champa (Southern Vietnam) and establishes the Cham royal dynasty as puppet rulers.


date: January 8

text: January 8 – King Robert the Bruce of Scotland recaptures Perth Castle from the English, then orders the walls and the building to be destroyed in order to prevent it from ever being used by the English again as a garrison.


date: May 6

text: May 6 – In India, Veera Virupaksha Ballala, son and heir of Emperor Veera Ballala III of the Hoysala Empire, returns to the capital, Halebidu (now a ruins in the state of Karnataka), after two years as a hostage. Emperor Ballala III had agreed to leave his son behind at Delhi for two years as part of his surrender to the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji.


date: May 17

text: May 17 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, leads an invasion of the Isle of Man, landing at Ramsey with a multitude of ships and captures it within five days. The only resistance is presented by the lord of Castle Rushen, and King Robert concentrates his efforts on a siege of the castle starting on May 22.


date: June 12

text: June 12 – Castle Rushen, on the Isle of Man, surrenders to Scotland's King Robert the Bruce after a siege of three weeks.


date: August 8

text: August 8 – Emperor Henry VII begins a campaign against King Robert of Naples ("Robert the Wise"). Henry's allies are loath to join him and his 15,000-man army, supported by 4,000 knights, while the imperial fleet is prepared to attack King Robert's realm directly.


date: August 9

text: August 9 – In the town of Horsens in Denmark, Eric of Jutland reaches a settlement with King Eric VI Menved and receives the Duchy of Schleswig in return for renouncing all claims to Langeland.


date: October 21

text: October 21 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland delivers an ultimatum at a meeting of the Scottish nobles at an assembly in Dundee, giving Scots who have not yet come into his peace agreement a year to swear fealty to him or lose all their estates. The Scottish nobles of Lothian appeal to Edward II for protection, who promises to bring an English expeditionary force by midsummer in 1314.


text: November 9 – Battle of Gammelsdorf: German forces led by Louis IV the Bavarian" defeat his cousin Frederick the Fair, at Gammelsdorf, who is supported by Leopold I the Glorious, Duke of Austria. During the battle, Louis' smaller force does not pursue Frederick's defeated army. He is forced to renounce his tutelage over the young dukes of Lower Bavaria (Henry XIV, Otto IV and Henry XV). The conflict causes a stir within the Holy Roman Empire.


date: December 26

text: December 26 – Three days after receiving authorization from the English Parliament for a feudal levy, King Edward II issues a summons for eight earls and 87 barons to muster their troops at Berwick-upon-Tweed by June 10 for an invasion of Scotland.


date: February 3

text: February 3 – William de Sancto Claro, the Bishop of Dunkeld and commonly known as William Sinclair, is issued a safe conduct pass by England's King Edward II in order to return to Scotland from Rome.


date: March 28

text: March 28 – Francesco da Barberino of Tuscany receives a doctorate of both civil law and canonical law, by a bull issued by Pope Clement V.


date: April 20

text: April 20 – The Duchy of Masovia in Poland is divided among the three sons of Boleslaw II upon his death, with Siemowit II creating the Duchy of Rawa (with a capital at Rawa Mazowiecka), Trojden receiving Czersk and Wenceslaus receiving Płock.


date: May 5

text: May 5 – Seventeen years after his death in prison in Ferentino, the later Pope Celestine V is canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.


date: May 28

text: May 28 – Thomas Cobham, Archdeacon of Lewes, is elected by his peers to be the Archbishop of Canterbury in England, but King Edward II intervenes and asks Pope Clement V to cancel the result. The Pope installs Walter Reynolds as the new archbishop on October 1.


date: June 13

text: June 13 – Pope Clement V declares Naples to be under papal protection. He names King Robert the Wise of Naples, "Senator of Rome".


text: King Stefan Milutin, one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia, founds the Banjska Monastery (approximate date).

source_section: Events › By topic › Religion


text: Wang Zhen, Chinese agronomist, government official and inventor of wooden-based movable type printing, publishes the Nong Shu ("Book of Agriculture").


date: April 22

section: Disasters & Accidents

text: April 22 – On the first Sunday after Easter, the French ship Ste Marie is shipwrecked on England's Isle of Wight at Chale Bay. Residents nearby loot the ship of its cargo, casks of wine belonging to Regimus de Depe of Aquitaine. As an act of penance, the Lord of Chale, Walder de Godeton, builds the St Catherine's Oratory.


date: February 9

text: February 9 – Maria of Portugal, queen consort of Castile (d. 1357)


date: February 14

text: February 14 – Thomas Beauchamp, English nobleman (d. 1369)


date: April 17

text: April 17 – Constantine III of Armenia, king of Cilician Armenia (d. 1362)


date: June 16

text: June 16 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian poet and writer (d. 1375)


date: July 20

text: July 20 – John Tiptoft, English nobleman and chancellor (d. 1367)


date: August 1

text: August 1 – Kōgon, emperor of Japan (Northern Court) (d. 1364)


date: November 16

text: November 16 – Ibn al-Khatib, Arab polymath and writer (d. 1374)


text: Guy of Boulogne, French archbishop and diplomat (d. 1373)


text: Cola di Rienzo, Italian ruler (de facto) and politician (d. 1354)


text: Blanche of France, French princess (House of Capet) (d. 1358)


text: Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian professor and jurist (d. 1357)


date: February 28

text: February 28 – John Hastings, English nobleman, knight and peer (b. 1262)


date: April 13

text: April 13 – Guillaume de Nogaret, French statesman and councillor (b. 1260)


text: April 20 – Bolesław II, Polish nobleman, prince and co-ruler (House of Piast)


date: May 11

text: May 11 – Robert Winchelsey, English archbishop and theologian (b. 1245)


date: May 14

text: May 14 – In Poland, Bolko II of Opole and his brother Albert of Strzelce become the new rulers of Opole and Upper Silesia upon the death of their father, Bolko I.


text: May 14 – Bolko I, Polish nobleman and co-ruler (House of Piast) (b. 1258)


date: June 18

text: June 18 – John de Burgh ("John Burke"), Irish nobleman and knight (b. 1286)


date: July 24

text: July 24 – Ralph Baldock (Ralph Baldoc), English bishop and Lord Chancellor


date: August 10

text: August 10 – Guido de Baysio, Italian canonist, professor, jurist and writer


date: August 24

text: August 24 – A week after contracting malaria during the siege of the Tuscan city of Siena, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII dies of malaria at Buonconvento. His 17-year-old son, John of Bohemia, will succeed him and will become one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. Upon learning of the Henry's death, Louis, Duke of Bavaria goes to war against his cousin, Frederick the Fair, Duke of Austria and Styria, as both compete to be elected the new Emperor, a competition which will eventually be resolved in favour of Louis.


date: September 24

text: September 24 – Philip Despenser, English nobleman and knight (b. 1290)


date: September 29

text: September 29 – Imagina of Limburg, queen consort of Germany (b. 1255)


date: October 28

text: October 28 – Elisabeth of Carinthia, queen consort of Germany (b. 1262)


date: November 18

text: November 18 – Constance of Portugal, queen consort of Castile (b. 1290)


date: February 8

text: February 8 (21 Shawwal 713 AH) – Sultan Nasr of Granada is forced to abdicate after 18 days as the ruler of the Emirate of Granada (in modern-day Spain) by his nephew, Abu'l-Walid Ismail I ibn Faraj, who is proclaimed at the Alhambra as the new Sultan.


text: September 29 – In exchange for captured English nobles, Edward II releases Elizabeth de Burgh, wife of Robert the Bruce, his sister Mary Bruce, and his daughter Marjorie Bruce.


date: December 9

text: December 9 – Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict: In Germany, the Margraviate of Brandenburg renounces all claims to the region around Loitz (in the modern-day northeast German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) to the Principality of Rügen in Denmark in return for payment.


text: Amda Seyon I, known as "the Pillar of Zion" begins his reign as Emperor of Ethiopia, during which he expands into Muslim territory to the southeast by incorporating a number of smaller states.

source_section: Events › Undated


date: June 17

text: June 17 – First War of Scottish Independence: English forces led by King Edward II leave Berwick-upon-Tweed to march to break the Scottish siege of Stirling Castle. They cross the River Tweed at Wark and Coldstream and march west across the flat Merse of Berwickshire towards Lauderdale. In Earlston, Edward uses an old Roman road through the Lammermuir Hills, practical for the wheeled transport of a long supply train as well as the cavalry and infantry.


date: June 19

text: June 19 – English forces march to the environs of Edinburgh; here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons – which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of Leith, English supply ships land stores for the army – who will be well rested before the 35 mi march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of June 24.


date: June 23

text: June 23 – Battle of Bannockburn begins: English forces approach the Scottish positions at Torwood, mounted troops under Gilbert de Clare are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting, Henry de Bohun is killed in a duel by King Robert the Bruce. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at Bannockburn near Stirling in central Scotland. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.