World leaders in 1849
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1849, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1849 →
Major powers in 1849
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- James K. Polk, then Zachary Taylor
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- John Russell
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas I
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Daoguang
French Second RepublicFrance history
- President
- Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
- Prime minister
- Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul
Tokugawa shogunate of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Kōmei
Africa
BasutolandLesotho history
- King or Paramount Chief
- Moshoeshoe I
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
Ethiopian Empire
- Emperor
- Sahle Dengel
Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)
- King
- Mswati II
Kingdom of Rwanda
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- Joseph Jenkins Roberts
Merina Kingdom
- Queen
- Ranavalona I
- Prime minister
- Rainiharo
Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Abd al-Rahman
Oyo EmpireNigeria history
- Alaafin
- Atiba Atobatele
Republic of MarylandLiberia history
- Governor
- John Brown Russwurm
Americas
Argentine ConfederationArgentina history
- Governor of Buenos Aires Province
- Juan Manuel de Rosas
Conservative Republic of ChileChile history
- President
- Manuel Bulnes
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Doroteo Vasconcelos
Empire of BrazilBrazil history
- Emperor
- Pedro II
First Costa Rican RepublicCosta Rica history
- President
- Juan Mora Porras
HondurasHonduras history
- President
- Juan Lindo
Miskito CoastNicaragua history
Oriental Republic of UruguayUruguay history
- Disputed with Joaquín Suárez
- Manuel Oribe
Republic of BoliviaBolivia history
- Provisional President
- Manuel Isidoro Belzu
Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)Haiti history
- President; Emperor
- Faustin Soulouque
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- Carlos Antonio López
State of VenezuelaVenezuela history
- President
- José Tadeo Monagas
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- James K. Polk, then Zachary Taylor
Asia
Aceh SultanateIndonesia history
Bruneian EmpireBrunei history
- Sultan
- Omar Ali Saifuddin II
Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynastyAfghanistan history
Emirate of BukharaUzbekistan history
Emirate of NejdSaudi Arabia history
Johor SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Ali
Joseon
- King
- Heonjong
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Khanate of KhivaUzbekistan history
Khanate of KokandUzbekistan history
Kingdom of ChampasakLaos history
- King
- Nark
Konbaung dynasty
- King
- Pagan
Ottoman EmpireTurkey history
- Sultan
- Abdülmecid I
- Grand Vizier
- Mustafa Reşid Pasha
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Daoguang
Rattanakosin Kingdom of SiamThailand history
- King
- Rama III
Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō dynastyJapan history
- King
- Shō Tai
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Muhammad Shah
Sheikhdom of Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of DubaiUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Jaber I
Sheikhdom of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of Umm Al QuwainUnited Arab Emirates history
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Omar Riayat Shah
Tokugawa shogunate of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Kōmei
Yemeni Zaidi StateYemen history
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono V
Europe
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda
- French Co-Prince
- Napoleon III
Anhalt-Bernburg
- Duke
- Alexander Karl
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Leopold I
- Prime minister
- Charles Rogier
Caucasian ImamateRussia history
- Imam
- Shamil
DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Frederik VII
- Prime minister
- Adam Wilhelm Moltke
Duchy of Holstein
- Duke
- Frederik VII
Duchy of Limburg (1839–1867)
- Duke
- William III
Duchy of Nassau
- Duke
- Adolphe
Electorate of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia
French Second RepublicFrance history
- President
- Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
- Prime minister
- Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul
Grand Duchy of FinlandFinland history
- Grand Prince
- Nicholas I
Kingdom of Bavaria
- King
- Maximilian II
Kingdom of Bohemia
- King
- Francis Joseph
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)Croatia history
- King
- Franz Joseph
Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaUkraine history
- King
- Francis Joseph I
Kingdom of GreeceGreece history
- King
- Otto
- Prime minister
- Konstantinos Kanaris, then Antonios Kriezis
Kingdom of Hanover
- King
- Ernest Augustus
Kingdom of Lombardy–VenetiaItaly history
- King
- Francis Joseph I
Kingdom of PortugalPortugal history
- Queen
- Maria II
- King
- Ferdinand II
- Prime minister
- João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun
Kingdom of Sardinia, Duchy of SavoyItaly history
- King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy
- Charles Albert, then Victor Emmanuel II
Kingdom of Spain (1810–1873)Spain history
- Queen
- Isabella II
Kingdom of the NetherlandsNetherlands history
- King
- William II, then William III
- Prime minister
- Jacob de Kempenaer, then Johan Rudolph Thorbecke
Kingdom of the Two SiciliesItaly history
- King
- Ferdinand II
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Aloys II
LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duke
- William II, then William III
- Prime minister
- Jean-Jacques Willmar
MoldaviaRomania history
- Prince
- Mihail Sturdza, then Grigore Alexandru Ghica
Papal States
- Pope
- Pius IX
Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Prince
- George Victor
Principality of WallachiaRomania history
- Prince
- Barbu Știrbei
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas I
San Marino
- Pier Matteo Berti, Captains Regent
- Domenico Maria Belzoppi
Saxe-Meiningen
- Duke
- Bernhard II
Sweden–Norway
- King
- Oscar I
SwitzerlandSwitzerland history
- President of the Confederation
- Jonas Furrer
United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- John Russell
Oceania
Kingdom of Huahine
- Queen
- Teriitaria II