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Babylonia

historical country

29 dated entries naming Babylonia, drawn from 27 separate years between 1792 BCE and 50 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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18th century BC

  • 1792 BCEc. 1792 BC – 1750 BC: (middle chronology) – Hammurabi rules Babylonia and has to deal with Mari, which he conquers late in his career.source
  • 1770 BCE1770 BC: Babylon, capital of Babylonia becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Thebes, capital of Egypt.source
  • 1749 BCE1749 BC: Samsu-iluna succeeds Hammurabi as king of Babylon. However, his rule is not very effective, and Mesopotamia endures turmoil during his reign.source
  • 1740 BCEc. 1740 BC: Akkadian-Assyrian governor Puzur-Sin drives the Babylonians and Amorites into the north, out of the land of Assyria.source
  • 1736 BCE1736 BC: According to the ultra-long chronology of the ancient Near East, this is the year the sack of Babylon occurred.source

8th century BC

  • 727 BCE727 BC: Babylonia makes itself independent of Assyria.source

7th century BC

  • 699 BCE699 BC—Sennacherib carries out his fifth military campaign in Babylonia, a series of raids against the villages around the foot of Mount Judi, located to the northeast of Nineveh.source
  • 693 BCE693 BC—Death of Nergal-ushezib, king of Babyloniasource
  • 675 BCEThe Elamite king Urtaku comes to power; during his reign, relations between Elam and Babylonia worsen.source
  • 665 BCEElamite king Urtak launches a surprise attack against Babylonia but is successfully driven backsource
  • 648 BCEShamash-shum-ukin, Assyrian king of Babylonia.source
  • 614 BCEThe Medes and Babylonians sack Assur.source
  • 609 BCEThe Medes and the Babylonians defeat the Assyrians under Ashur-uballit II and capture Harran. Ashur-uballit II, the last king of Assyria, disappears from history.source
  • 605 BCENebuchadnezzar II succeeds his father Nabopolassar as king of Babylonia.source
  • 601 BCEThe Jewish–Babylonian war begins between the Kingdom of Judah and Babylonia. It ends in 586 BC.source

5th century BC

  • 401 BCECyrus the Younger uses a quarrel with Tissaphernes over the Ionian cities as a pretext for gathering a large army and also pretends to prepare an expedition to Pisidia, in the Taurus Mountains. Cyrus starts out with about 15,220 men, of whom 10,400 are Greek mercenaries. When he reaches the Euphrates River at Thapsacus, he announces that he is marching against Artaxerxes II. He advances unopposed into Babylonia; but Artaxerxes, warned at the last moment by Tissaphernes, hastily gathers an army. The two forces meet in the Battle of Cunaxa, north of Babylon, where Cyrus is slain.source

4th century BC

  • 383 BCEThe 19 year lunar cycle is introduced into the Babylonian calendar.source
  • 323 BCEArchon of Pella controls Babylonia; andsource
  • 320 BCEAlexandria in Macedonian Egypt becomes the largest city of the world, taking over the lead from Babylon in Macedonian Babylonia.source
  • 311 BCESeleucus reestablishes himself as satrap of Babylonia and asserts control over Media and Susiana (Elam).source
  • 311 BCEThe remaining Antigonid loyalists in Babylonia retreat to the citadel of Babylon. They also put Seleucus' remaining friends in Babylon there (under a strong guard). Seleucus besieges the citadel and manages to take it by storm.source
  • 311 BCEUpon entering Mesopotamia Seleucus manages to persuade some of the Macedonian veterans settled at Carrhae to join his cause. He then marches on to his old satrapy (province) of Babylonia gathering additional force along the way.source
  • 310 BCEAntigonus orders Nicanor, one of his generals, to invade Babylonia from the east and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes to attack it from the west. Nicanor assembles a large force but is surprised and defeated by Seleucus at the river Tigris, and his troops are either cut to pieces or defect to the enemy. Similarly, Demetrius Poliorcetes fails to oust Seleucus.source
  • 308 BCEAntigonus marches his main army east to confront Seleucus. The Antigonid and Seleucid armies meet somewhere in southern Mesopotamia or northern Babylonia and a battle is fought to a draw. The next morning Seleucus launches a surprise attack on Antigonus' camp and wins a simple victory. After his defeat Antigonus gives up on his ambitions to reconquer the eastern provinces.source
  • 302 BCEFollowing their agreement to work together to defeat Antigonus, Seleucus invades Asia Minor from Babylonia, while Ptolemy attacks Syria and Lysimachus moves into the western part of Asia Minor.source

2nd century BC

  • 187 BCEThe Seleucid king, Antiochus III, attempts to collect tribute from a temple near Susa, Persia, where he was killed. He is succeeded by his son, Seleucus IV, who inherits an empire consisting of Syria, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, western Iran.source
  • 161 BCEThe rebel Seleucid general and ruler of Media, Timarchus, who has distinguished himself by defending Media against the emergent Parthians, treats Demetrius I's violent accession to the Seleucid throne as the excuse to declare himself an independent king and extend his realm from Media into Babylonia.source
  • 160 BCEDemetrius I defeats and kills the rebel general Timarchus and is recognized as king of the Seleucid empire by the Roman Senate. Demetrius acquires his surname of Soter (meaning Saviour) from the Babylonians, for delivering them from the tyranny of Timarchus. The Seleucid empire is temporarily united again.source

1st century

  • 50Gamaliel the Elder, Jewish ruler (Nasi) in Babylonia (approximate date)source

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