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Cleopatra

queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BCE

21 dated entries naming Cleopatra, drawn from 16 separate years between 83 BCE and 415 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

Also written as Cleopatra VII, Cleopatra VII of Egypt in the source articles; Wikipedia redirects those to the same subject, so their entries are on this page.

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1st century BC

  • 83 BCEMark Antony, Roman politician and General (who later married Cleopatra) (approximate date) (died 30 BC)source
  • 70 BCECleopatra VII, queen of Egypt (died 30 BC)source
  • 69 BCECleopatra VII Philopator, queen of Egypt (died 30 BC)source
  • 51 BCEby March 22 – Pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes dies and is succeeded by his eldest surviving daughter Cleopatra VII and her younger brother Ptolemy XIII as co-rulers of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. By August 29, official documents start listing Cleopatra as sole ruler.source
  • 48 BCEQueen Cleopatra VII returns to the palace rolled into a Persian carpet and has it presented to Caesar by her servant. The Egyptian princess, only twenty-one years old, becomes his mistress.source
  • 47 BCEJanuary 13 – Queen Cleopatra VII promotes her younger brother Ptolemy XIV of Egypt to co-ruler.source
  • 47 BCEFebruary – Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt defeat the forces of the rival Egyptian Queen Arsinoe IV in the Battle of the Nile. Ptolemy is killed; Caesar, with the aid of Mithridates I of the Bosporus, then relieves his besieged forces in Alexandria.source
  • 46 BCECaesar's erstwhile mistress, Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and his son by her, Caesarion, take up residence in one of the dictator's estates on the Tiber.source
  • 44 BCESeptember 2 – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.source
  • 41 BCEMark Antony meets Cleopatra VII in Tarsus (Cilicia) and forms an alliance. He returns to Alexandria with her and they become lovers in the winter of 41–40 BC. To safeguard herself and Caesarion, she has Antony order the execution of her (half) sister Arsinoe IV, who is living at the temple of Artemis in Ephesus.source
  • 41 BCEArsinoe IV, Egyptian princess and (half) sister of Cleopatra VII (born 68 or 67 BC)source
  • 40 BCECleopatra Selene (died AD 6) and Alexander Helios (died between 29 and 25 BC), twins of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antonysource
  • 36 BCEPtolemy Philadelphus, son of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Mark Antony (died 29 BC)source
  • 36 BCEOctober – Antony abandons the siege of Phraaspa (near Maragheh, Iran). He retreats, loses many men to disease and starvation in the subsequent retreat to Egypt, and marries Cleopatra VII while still married to Octavia.source
  • 34 BCEAutumn – The Donations of Alexandria: Antony distributes the eastern kingdoms as a gift to the children of Cleopatra; he declares Caesarion, Caesar's illegitimate son, as co-ruler of Egypt and Cyprus. Alexander Helios receives Armenia and Media; to Cleopatra Selene II he gives the kingdoms of Cyrenaica and Libya. His youngest son Ptolemy Philadelphus receives the Egyptian possessions in Phoenicia, Syria and Cilicia. Antony establishes Cleopatra as a Hellenistic monarch at Alexandria and gives her the title of "Queen of Kings".source
  • 32 BCESparta under Caius Iulius Eurycles, whose father Antony had been ordered to be executed for piracy, declares his support for Octavian. Lappa (modern Argyroupoli) in Attica and Kydonia in Crete revolt against Cleopatra.source
  • 32 BCEJuly – The Roman Senate declares war upon Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII. Octavian Caesar is proclaimed dux and the West - Gallic and Spanish provinces, Africa, Sicily and Sardinia - swear an oath (sacramentum) of loyalty to him. In order to assure this oath, Octavian forces the high priest of the Vestal Virgins in Rome to hand over Antony's will, which contains information about the Roman-conquered territories as kingdoms and plans to build a tomb in Alexandria for him and Cleopatra.source
  • 31 BCESeptember 2 – Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, Octavian Caesar defeats naval forces under Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.source
  • 30 BCEc. August 12 – Cleopatra VII, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt (likely suicide) (born 69 BC)source
  • 30 BCEAugust 1 – Octavian Caesar captures Alexandria. This marks the official annexation of Ancient Egypt to the Roman Republic. Cleopatra evacuates her court and treasury to Berenice on the west coast of the Red Sea, but king Malchus of Nabatea attacks from the desert and burns the Egyptian ships.source

5th century

  • 415March – Hypatia of Alexandria, Neoplatonist philosopher, is murdered by a Christian mob of Nitrian monks at the church (former temple conceived by Cleopatra VII) called Caesareum. Having driven out the Jews, Alexandria's new patriarch, Cyril, has instigated the mob after taking offense at Hypatia's scientific rationalism (approximate date).source

Named in the same entries