Climate & Environment in the 5th century

15 sourced entries, 401 CE to 499 CE, oldest first. Also see Climate & Environment across every century or everything else in the 5th century.

• 401The Chronicon Pachale (Paschal Chronicle) reports that the Black Sea is completely frozen.source
• 406Cultivation of rye, oats, hops, and spelt (a wheat used for livestock feed) is introduced in Europe by the native Vandals, Alans, and Sciri, who also introduce a heavy wheeled plow to be used for farming.source
• 409Following the invasions by the Vandals, Alans, and Suebi in 409, chroniclers report severe disruption to food supplies in Hispania and nearby regions, leading to famine and hardship.source
• 415March 18 – The Daysan River floods Edessa, Mesopotamia.source
• 416Reports of the eruption of Krakatoa are recorded in a Javanese historical chronicle called the Book of Kings.source
• 422The walls of Rome's Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) crack during an earthquake.source
• 431Possible date of the Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption of the Ilopango caldera in central El Salvador.source
• 443Period of civil war and famine in Britain, caused by rival kingdoms and Pictish invasions; the situation aggravates tensions between Pelagian and Roman factions. Pro-Roman citizens migrate towards Gaul.source
• 459King Dhatusena of Anuradhapura of the Moriyan dynasty rules over Sri Lanka. During his reign the Avukana Buddha statue is built.source
• 460The Ajanta Caves (India) are completed (cut into the volcanic rock and elaborately painted).source
• 460A famine that will last for several years begins in the Persian Empire (approximate date).source
• 461461 Apahunik' earthquake. It affected the province of Apahunik', located to the north of Lake Van, in Anatolia.source
• 472Mount Vesuvius erupts. During the volcanic eruption the whole of southern Europe is blanketed by ash.source
• 494An earthquake devastates the port town of Latakia (modern Syria).source
• 499September – The 499 Nicopolis earthquake takes place in the borders between the regions of Mesopotamia, Pontus, and Roman Armenia. It affects the cities of Nicopolis, Neocaesarea (modern Niksar), Arsamosata, and Abarne, as well as the cultural areas of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Mesopotamia.source