Religion & Belief in the 4th century BC

21 sourced entries, 390 BCE to 300 BCE, oldest first. Also see Religion & Belief across every century or everything else in the 4th century BC.

• 390 BCEThe Temple of Asclepius is built at Epidaurus.source
• 383 BCEThe second Buddhist council is convened by king Kalasoka and held at Vaisali.source
• 377 BCEMausolus is appointed as the Persian satrap of Caria.source
• 375 BCEThe Theban general, Pelopidas, is made the leader of the Sacred Band, a selected infantry body of 300.source
• 370 BCEWith the support of Thebes, the Arcadian capital city of Megalopolis is completed and a democratic system is set up with an Assembly of Ten Thousand and a Council of fifty.source
• 367 BCEThe temple to Concordia on the Forum Romanum in Rome is built by Marcus Furius Camillus.source
• 366 BCEThe experiment by Dion (brother-in-law of Dionysius I) and Plato to educate the new ruler of Syracuse, Dionysius II, in the practical application of Plato's philosophical principles fails and Dion and Plato are banished from Syracuse.source
• 366 BCETwo additional aediles, called curule ("higher") aediles, are created in the Roman hierarchy. These are at first patricians; but those of the next year are plebeians and so on year by year alternately. They are elected in the assembly of the tribes, with the consul presiding.source
• 360 BCEJerusalem has been rebuilt and the power of Judaism's hereditary priesthood is firmly established.source
• 358 BCEArtaxerxes III ("Ochus") succeeds Artaxerxes II as King of Persia and restores central authority over the Persian empire's satraps. To secure his throne he puts to death most of his relatives.source
• 356 BCEGaius Marcius Rutilus is the first plebeian to be chosen as a dictator in Rome.source
• 346 BCEDemosthenes, though condemning the terms of the Peace of Philocrates, argues that it has to be honoured.source
• 345 BCESupported by Thebes and Thessaly, Macedonia takes over Phocis' votes in the Amphictyonic League, a Greek religious organisation formed to support the greater temples of Apollo and Demeter. Despite some reluctance on the part of the Athenian leaders, Athens finally accepts Philip II's entry into the Council of the League. The Athenian statesman Demosthenes is among those who recommend this stance in his oration On the Peace.source
• 342 BCEThe Greek philosopher, Aristotle, is invited by Philip II to his capital at Pella to tutor his son, Alexander. As the leading intellectual figure in Greece, Aristotle is commissioned to prepare Alexander for his future role as a military leader. (or 343 BC)source
• 340 BCEc. Derveni papyrus in a nobleman's grave in a necropolis of Lete.source
• 337 BCEA plebeian is chosen to be praetor of Rome for the first time.source
• 329 BCEMarching west to Bactra (Zariaspa), Alexander appoints Artabazus of Phrygia as the satrap of Bactria.source
• 323 BCEEumenes of Cardia as governor of Cappadocia and Paphlagonia; andsource
• 310 BCEBy order of Ptolemy, Nicocles of Paphos kills himself.source
• 309 BCESince 480 BC, an aristocratic Council of Elders has effectively ruled Carthage. The titular king of Carthage, Bomilcar, attempts a coup to restore the monarchy to full power. His attempt fails, which leads to Carthage becoming, in name as well as in fact, a republic.source
• 300 BCEPilgrims travel to the healing temples of Asclepieion to be cured of their ills. After a ritual purification the followers bring offerings or sacrifices.source