1199 CE
Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun, dies at Kamakura after a 7-year reign in which he has established the Kamakura Shogunate (see 1192). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Minamoto no Yoriie, his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa proclaims himself regent for Yoriie (until 1202). On the death of his brother, Richard I of England, Prince John, Lord of Ireland, becomes King of England, thus bringing Ireland under the direct rule of the English Crown. John returns to London and chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints Archbishop Hubert Walter as his advisor and chancellor. Geoffrey Fitz Peter is chosen as Chief Justiciar and William (the Marshal) becomes Marshal of John's household. On May 27, John is crowned as king of England at Westminster Abbey.
In the 1190s, the 12th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- Summer – King William the Lion of Scotland supports John's claim to the English throne, in exchange for ownership of the northern territories (including Northumberland and Cumberland).source
- Roman Mstislavich (the Great), Grand Prince of Vladimir-Volhynia, unites his realm with its westerly neighbor Galicia (after the death of Vladimir II). He makes the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia more powerful than Kiev.source
- Milo le Bret, having been granted lands in Rathfarnham, adapted an existing ridge to build a motte and baileyIrelandsource
- Limerick is granted a charter as a city.Irelandsource
Conflict & Security
- January 13 – A short-lived truce is declared, between the Kings Richard I (the Lionheart) and Philip II (Augustus). Two of Europe's most powerful rulers meet on the banks of the Seine River, while shouting terms to one another. With a peace secured, Richard is able to refocus on bringing internal order to the south of the Angevin Empire.source
- March 26 – Richard I besieges the unarmed castle of Châlus-Chabrol, and is shot in the left shoulder with a crossbow, by the French boy Pierre Basile. The war between the kingdoms of England and France has become so brutal, that Hugh of Lincoln is warned that "nothing now is safe, neither the city to dwell in nor the highway for travel".source
- Summer – Philip II renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of John's 12-year-old nephew Arthur I, duke of Brittany.source
- Summer – After uncovering a plot against him, Emeric, King of Hungary defeats his brother Duke Andrew in a battle, forcing him into exile in Austria. Thereafter, border clashes occurs between Hungary and Austria.source
Religion & Belief
- May 26 – John returns to London and chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints Archbishop Hubert Walter as his advisor and chancellor. Geoffrey Fitz Peter is chosen as Chief Justiciar and William (the Marshal) becomes Marshal of John's household. On May 27, John is crowned as king of England at Westminster Abbey.source
- Summer – Pope Innocent III calls for a fourth Crusade at Rome. Due to the preaching of Fulk of Neuilly, an army is organized at a tournament held at Ecry-sur-Aisne by Theobald III, count of Champagne, on November 28.source
- St. Laurence's Church, Ludlow, in England is rebuilt.source
Crime & Justice
Culture & Society
Births
- April 17 – Marie of Ponthieu, French noblewoman (died 1250)source
- Isobel of Huntingdon, daughter of David of Scotland (died 1252)source
- Sturla Sighvatsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði) (died 1238)source
- Al-Mansur al-Hasan, Yemeni imam and politician (died 1271)source
- Ibn al-Abbar, Andalusian biographer and historian (died 1260)source
- Ferdinand III (the Saint), king of Castile and León (died 1252)source
- Joan of Constantinople, Flemish noblewoman (died 1244)source
- Thomas II, Flemish nobleman (House of Savoy) (died 1259)source
- Jalal al-Din Mangburni, Khwarezmid ruler (shah) (died 1231)source
- Bohemond V, prince of Antioch (House of Poitiers) (died 1252)source
- Aisha Al-Manoubya, Almohad female Sufi mystic (died 1267)source
- Guttorm of Norway (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (died 1204)source
Deaths
- January 23 – Caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur dies at Marrakesh after a 15-year reign in which he has defeated the Castilian forces of King Alfonso VIII (the noble) (see 1195) and other Christian enemies in Al-Andalus. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad al-Nasir as ruler of the Almohad Caliphate (until 1213).source
- January 23 – Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Almohad caliph (born 1160)source
- February 9 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun, dies at Kamakura after a 7-year reign in which he has established the Kamakura Shogunate (see 1192). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Minamoto no Yoriie, his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa proclaims himself regent for Yoriie (until 1202).source
- February 9 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun (born 1147)source
- February 13 – Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Prince (born 1113)source
- March 17 – Jocelin of Glasgow (or Jocelyn), Scottish bishopsource
- April 5 – Ashikaga Yoshikane, Japanese samurai and monksource
- April 6 – Richard I dies from gangrene, caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother, John (Lackland), becomes King of England. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, Otto IV, King of the Romans. Mercadier, a mercenary captain and Richard's second in command, has Pierre Basile flayed alive and hanged.source
- April 6 – Richard I (the Lionheart), king of England (born 1157)source
- April 6 – Pierre Basile (or Bertran de Gurdun), French knightsource
- 6 July – Archbishop Malachy (died 1148) is canonized by Pope Clement III.Irelandsource
- September 4 – Joan of England, queen of Sicily (born 1165)source
- November 6 – Hatim ibn Ibrahim, Yemeni religious leadersource
- December 25 – Helena of Hungary, duchess of Austriasource
- Michael the Syrian (the Great), Syriac patriarch (born 1126)source
- Cathalan Ua Maelfhabaill, King of Carraic-Brachaidhe.Irelandsource