/year

September 4 in history

203 sourced entries recorded on September 4, from 422 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 476Romulus Augustulus, Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed by Odoacer at Ravenna. Odoacer spares the boy's life and gives him a pension of 6,000 solidi, but exiles him to the "Castellum Lucullanum" (Castel dell'Ovo), on the island of Megaride in the Gulf of Naples. This event will later be romanticized in Western literature and history as the Fall of Western Rome, and is traditionally used by historians to mark the beginning of the European Middle Ages.source
  • 626Emperor Gao Zu abdicates in favor of his son Li Shimin after an 8-year reign. He passes the throne to him (as Emperor Tai Zong).source
  • 925The coronation of Æthelstan as King of the Anglo-Saxons (comprising the united kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia) takes place on the island of Britain at Kingston upon Thames.source
  • 929Battle of Lenzen: Slavic forces (the Redarii and the Obotrites) are defeated by a Saxon army near the fortified stronghold of Lenzen (modern Germany).source
  • 1024Conrad the Elder is elected as the new King of Germany by an assembly of imperial princes and nobles at Kamba, receiving more votes than his cousin Conrad the Younger, son of Conrad I, Duke of Carinthiasource
  • 1037Battle of Tamarón: Ferdinand I defeats and kills his brother-in-law Bermudo III. Ferdinand becomes the king of Castile and León (modern Spain).source
  • 1188King Guy of Lusignan is released by Saladin after Ascalon is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem, seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by Conrad of Montferrat.source
  • 1207Battle of Messinopolis: Latin forces under Boniface of Montferrat are ambushed and defeated at Messinopolis. Boniface is killed and his head is sent to Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire. Seeking to take advantage of the situation, Kaloyan besieges Thessalonica. In October, he dies under mysterious circumstances.source
  • 1260Battle of Montaperti: The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs.source
  • 1282Peter III of Aragon is proclaimed "King of Sicily". Charles is forced to flee across the Strait of Messina, and be content with the Kingdom of Naples (ruling a part of the Italian Peninsula with the Pope).source
  • 1285Battle of Les Formigues: An Aragonese-Sicilian fleet (some 40 galleys) under Admiral Roger of Lauria defeats French and Genoese ships near the Formigues Islands. According to Johan Esteve de Bezers, a French troubadour, all prisoners but one have their eyes gouged out, and that one is left with one eye to guide the others. After the battle, Roger captures about 15 to 20 French galleys, and others are sunk or burnt.source
  • 1285Battle of Les Formiguestook place probably in the early morning of 4 September 1285 near Les Formigues Islands, about 85 km northeast of Barcelona, when a Catalan-Sicilian galley fleet commanded by Roger of Lauria defeated a French and Genoese galley fleet commanded by Guilhem de Lodeva, Henry di Mari, and John de Orrea.source
  • 1324James III of Majorca ("the Unfortunate") becomes the new King of Majorca, a set of islands in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain, upon the death of his uncle, King Sancho ("the Peaceful").source
  • 1342John III of Trebizond (John III Comnenus) becomes emperor of Trebizond.source
  • 1346The English begin the siege of Calais.source
  • 1375In the Duchy of Aquitaine, now part of France but at the time ruled by the King of England, the civic leaders of the town of Soule sign an agreement with Gaston III of Foix, popularly known as "Fébus", for his protection against raids from John of Gaunt.source
  • 1403The first 200 Chinese treasure ships are ordered by the new Ming dynasty Emperor Cheng Zu from the Capital Guards at Nanjing.source
  • 1417English troops succeed in opening the gates of Caen and begin a massacre of over 1,800 civilians.source
  • 1430the Republic of Venice signs a treaty with the Ottoman Empire to end the eight-year war between the two nations after the Ottoman capture of Thessalonica, replacing the previous agreement of 1419.source
  • 1461At Bidar, in what is now the Karnataka state of India, Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III becomes the new Sultan of Bahmani three days after the death of his father, Humayun Shah.source
  • 1479The Treaty of Alcáçovas (also known as the Treaty or Peace of Alcáçovas-Toledo) is signed between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side, and the King of Portugal and his son on the other side, ending the four-year War of the Castilian Succession.source
  • 1526Battle of Linlithgow Bridge fought between John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox and James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran. Lennox is killed by James Hamilton of Finnart.source
  • 1542The earliest recorded Preston Guild Court is held in Lancashire, England, in the modern sequence, which lasts unbroken until 1922.source
  • 1543Campaign of Suleiman: Suleiman the Magnificent captures the Hungarian coronation city of Székesfehérvár after a siege that had started on August 20. The city will be occupied by the Ottoman Empire for 145 years.source
  • 1559Gorkha state is established by Dravya Shah, beating local Khadka kings, which is the origin of the current country of Nepal.source
  • 1563Northern Seven Years' War: King Frederick II of Denmark, advancing from Halland, takes Old Älvsborg from Sweden.source
  • 1564The Ronneby Bloodbath takes place in Ronneby, Denmark (now in Sweden).source
  • 1564Sweden takes Danish Ronneby and massacres its inhabitants dubbed the Ronneby Bloodbath.source
  • 1565The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.source
  • 1565The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.source
  • 1576In Brussels, rebels led by Jacques de Glymes of Brabant arrest the members of the Council of State that administers the city.source
  • 1583King James VI of Scotland orders a gift to Colonel William Stewart in recognition of Stewart's rescue of the King from prison. Colonel Stewart is presented with some of the jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots (the King's mother).source
  • 1591The Kunohe rebellion, which was started by Kunohe Masazane on March 13 on northern Honshu island in Japan's Mutsu Province (in the modern-day Iwate Prefecture), is suppressed by the samurai Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Chancellor of the Realm. The victory completes the unification of Japan.source
  • 1595Lieutenant Colonel Richard Wingfield is wounded in a clash with Tyrone's troops in Ulster. He is knighted by the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir William Russell, in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, on 9 November before returning to England.source
  • 1610The Kingdom of Toungoo (now Myanmar) is retaken by King Anaukpetlun of Burma, as rebel leader Natshinnaung surrenders the city of Taungoo.source
  • 1618Rodi avalanche: A rock- or snowslide buries the Alpine town of Piuro, claiming 2,427 victims.source
  • 1624The Parlement of Paris registers a decree forbidding the publication of criticism of "anciently approved authors" without prior approval from the Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris, on pain of death.source
  • 1630Thirty Years' War: the Treaty of Stettin is signed by Sweden and the Duchy of Pomerania, forming a close alliance between them, as well as giving Sweden full military control over Pomerania.source
  • 1631Richelieu is granted the dignity of duc et pair. The following day, he is received by the Parlement of Paris.source
  • 1666Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb grants the French East India Company a royal mandate to trade at the port of Surat.source
  • 1686A hurricane saves Charleston, South Carolina from attack by Spanish vessels.source
  • 1687King James II tries to expel the Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford, for refusing to Catholicise their institution.source
  • 1689September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.source
  • 1692The Royal Knight Academy in Copenhagen is established as a replacement for the closed Sorø Academy.source
  • 1705August 31–September 5 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Zoutleeuw is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of Zoutleeuw (in modern-day Belgium).source
  • 1709September 4–8 – nearly 800 poor Protestant refugee families of German Palatines arrive in Dublin to be settled in Ireland.source
  • 1724José de Grimaldo, who had been Prime Minister for Spain's King Philip V until the latter's abdication in January, resumes office with the return of King Philip.source
  • 1735Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, the first Bey of Tunis (modern-day Tunisia) is defeated at the Battle of Smindja by Abu l-Hasan Ali I with the help of Ibrahim ben Ramdan, the Dey of Algiers.source
  • 1747The coronation of Frederick V of Denmark at Frederiksborg Chapel.source
  • 1774Delegates from twelve colonies discuss measures for common safety, at Philadelphia. Canada and Georgia are not represented, though invited. Vermont, not being organized, is not invited.source
  • 1774English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia.source
  • 1775August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.source
  • 1778Conrad Alexander Fabritius (1731–1805) and Michael Fabritius (1739–1815), as well as all legitimate children of their then-deceased father Michael Fabritius (1697-1746), are ennobled by letters patent under the name Fabritius de Tengnagel.source
  • 1781Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula (City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula) by a group of 44 Spanish settlers.source
  • 1781Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula ("City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula"), by a group of 44 Spanish settlers in California.source
  • 1787The first secondary school open to girls in Denmark, J. Cl. Todes Døtreskole, is founded in Copenhagen.source
  • 1787J. Cl. Todes Døtreskole is founded as one of the first girls' schools in the city.source
  • 1792September 2–7 – French Revolution: September Massacres – Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.source
  • 1793A royal decree reduces the number of counties (Danish: amt, pl. amter) to 20.source
  • 1797The Coup of 18 Fructidor is carried out in France as three of the five members of The Directory, France's executive council, arrested royalist members of the Council of Five Hundred, the national legislature, and discard the results of the spring elections.source
  • 1800Siege of Malta (1798–1800): The French garrison in Valletta surrenders to British troops, who had been called at the invitation of the Maltese. The islands of Malta and Gozo become the Malta Protectorate.source
  • 1800Siege of Malta (1798–1800): The French garrison in Valletta surrenders to British troops who have been called at the invitation of the Maltese. The islands of Malta and Gozo become the Malta Protectorate.source
  • 1813The name of Germany's national card game, "Scat" (modern-day Skat), appears for the first time, in the gaming records of Hans Carl Leopold von der Gabelentz.source
  • 1821September 4 (O.S.)/September 16 (N.S.) – Ukase of 1821: Russia proclaims territorial sovereignty over Northwestern North America, modern-day Alaska.source
  • 1827The Great Fire of Turku destroys three-quarters of the city (at this time Finland's largest), with 27 human casualties.source
  • 1837HMS Terror, badly damaged during an Arctic expedition, is beached at Lough Swilly to save her.source
  • 1838Potawatomi Trail of Death, the forced relocation of 859 members of the Potawatomi nation from Indiana to Kansas, begins. More than 40 Potawatomi die from disease and the stress of the march.source
  • 1839Battle of Kowloon: British vessels open fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the First Opium War.source
  • 1843Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil marries Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, in a state ceremony in Rio de Janeiro Cathedral.source
  • 1850Law n° 581, known as the Eusébio de Queirós Law, is passed, which extinguishes the African slave trade to Brazil.source
  • 1850The Eusébio de Queirós Law is passed in the Brazilian Empire to abolish the international slave trade.source
  • 1854August 31–September 8 – An epidemic of cholera in London kills over 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.source
  • 1860September 3–5 – The First International Chemistry Congress is held in Karlsruhe, Baden.source
  • 1864September 1 – September 9: Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Confederationsource
  • 1867The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded, at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield.source
  • 1869The first rails of the Namaqualand Railway is laid.source
  • 1870Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugénie flees to England with her son.source
  • 1872The New York Sun breaks the story on the Crédit Mobilier of America scandalsource
  • 1882Thomas Edison flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in the United States, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan. This is considered by many as the day that begins the electrical age.source
  • 1882Thomas Edison starts the U.S.'s first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan.source
  • 1886American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders, with his last band of warriors, to General Nelson Miles, at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.source
  • 1886Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders with his last band of warriors to General Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.source
  • 1888In the United States, George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera, which uses roll film.source
  • 1888Mohandas Gandhi embarks on the SS Clyde from Bombay for London.source
  • 1889Natal – Ladysmith to Glencoe Junction, 41 mi 5 ch.source
  • 1894In New York City, 12,000 tailors strike against sweatshop working conditions.source
  • 1897Essendon wins the first Victorian Football League premiership.source
  • 1906The Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen completed a three-year voyage through the Northwest Passage in the converted herring boat Gjøa, after being trapped in ice for three winters.source
  • 1906The Order of Merit (Chile) is created.source
  • 1909Japan and China sign the Gando Convention, which gives Japan a way to receive railroad concessions in Manchuria.source
  • 1911Members of the South Wales Miners' Federation return to work after a ten-month strike against colliery owners in the Cambrian Combine which triggered the Tonypandy riots, having accepted the 2s 3d per ton payment rate negotiated prior to the strike by William Abraham.source
  • 1912The government of the Ottoman Empire agrees to the demands put forward in the Albanian Revolt of 1912.source
  • 1914William Henry Strahan published "The Bugle Call"source
  • 1916WWI: East African Campaign – Dar es Salaam surrenders to British Empire forces, securing them control of the Central Line of railway through German East Africa.source
  • 1916Dar es Salaam surrenders to British Empire forces.source
  • 1923The area of martial law is expanded to cover all of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, and Saitama prefectures.source
  • 1923The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time.source
  • 19271927 Nicaraguan parliamentary electionsource
  • 1936September 4–5 – English-born aviator Beryl Markham becomes the first woman to make an east-to-west solo transatlantic flight, from Abingdon-on-Thames, England, to Baleine, Nova Scotia.source
  • 1939The first bombing of Wilhelmshaven in World War II is carried out, by the British Royal Air Force (RAF).source
  • 1945WWII: Japanese forces surrender on Wake Island, after hearing word of their country's surrender.source
  • 1946Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in Bombay.source
  • 1950Typhoon Jane, tidal wave and flash flood hit around Osaka Bay, official death toll was 539 persons, with 26,062 persons were wounded, according to Japanese government official confirmed report.source
  • 1953The discovery of REM sleep is first published, by researchers Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman.source
  • 1957American Civil Rights Movement – Governor Orville Faubus of Arkansas calls out the National Guard of the United States to prevent the "Little Rock Nine" African American students from enrolling in Little Rock Central High School.source
  • 1958Jorge Alessandri is the winner of Chile's presidential election.source
  • 1958Chilean presidential election, 1958 and The Las Melosas earthquake occurs in Cajón del Maipo, with an intensity of 7.3 degrees on the Richter scale. There were 4 people dead, 35 injured and 175 homeless.source
  • 1961establishment of the Naval Academysource
  • 1964The Forth Road Bridge opens over the Firth of Forth in Scotland.source
  • 1967Vietnam War – Operation Swift: The United States Marines launch a search and destroy mission in Quảng Nam and Quảng Tín provinces. The ensuing 4-day battle in Que Son Valley kills 114 Americans and 376 North Vietnamese.source
  • 1970Chilean Socialist Senator Salvador Allende wins 36.2% of the vote in his run for presidency defeating former right-wing President Jorge Alessandri with 34.9% of the votes and Christian Democrat Radomiro Tomic with 27.8% of the votes.source
  • 1970September 3–6 – Israeli forces fight Palestinian guerillas in southern Lebanon.source
  • 1970August 31 – September 5: Tropical Storm Norma.source
  • 1971A Boeing 727 (Alaska Airlines Flight 1866) crashes into the side of a mountain near Juneau, Alaska, killing all 111 people on board.source
  • 1977The Golden Dragon massacre, involving rival Chinatown gangs, takes place in San Francisco, United States. Five are killed.source
  • 1977San Cristóbal: Francesco Moser becomes road cycling world championsource
  • 1977August 29 – September 4:Hurricane Anitasource
  • 1981September 4–12. Major Soviet military exercise Zapad’81 (West’81) takes place in Belarus and the Baltic States.source
  • 1981An explosion at a mine in Záluží, Czechoslovakia, kills 65 people.source
  • 1983Six men walk underwater in Sydney Harbour as part of an attempt to break a world record. They achieved 82.9 km in 48 hours.source
  • 1984The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, led by Brian Mulroney, wins 211 seats in the House of Commons of Canada, forming the largest majority government in Canadian history.source
  • 1985The Israeli new shekel (NIS) is introduced. It does not replace the old shekel as Israel's official currency until 1 January 1986.source
  • 1986Eusko Alkartasuna, the Basque Social Democratic Party, is created in Vitoria-Gasteiz.source
  • 1987In a village in Rajasthan, an 18-year-old widow, Roop Kanwar is burned alive on her husband's funeral pyre, in a banned practice known as Sati. Though the woman's father-in-law is arrested by authorities, thousands of Hindu pilgrims travel to the cremation site in support of the act.source
  • 1990September 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast.source
  • 1991Sverdlovsk's name is restored to its pre-communist–era name Yekaterinburg. Two days later, Leningrad is renamed St. Petersburg.source
  • 1994Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan opens. All international services are transferred from Itami to Kansai.source
  • 1995September 4–15 – The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance.source
  • 1998Google, Inc. is founded in Menlo Park, California, by Stanford University PhD candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin.source
  • 2001Intense fighting erupted between Taliban forces and the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan in Kapisa province. Elsewhere, the Taliban captured two important areas, Khanqa and Sang-e-Bada southwest of Mahmood Raqi, provincial capital of Kapisa.source
  • 2002August 26–September 4 – Earth Summit 2002 takes places in Johannesburg, South Africa, aimed at discussing sustainable development by the United Nations.source
  • 2002August 22–September 4 – Typhoon Rusa, the most powerful typhoon to hit South Korea in 43 years, makes landfall, killing at least 236 people.source
  • 2004In the AFL finals, Essendon defeated Melbourne by five points (15.14.104 - 15.9.99) in the elimination final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The victory would prove to be Essendon's most recent finals win, beginning a finals drought that would extend for more than two decades.source
  • 2005August 29 – September 4 – 2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Ho Chi Minh City.source
  • 2006Australian conservationist Steve Irwin is fatally stung in the heart by a stingray while filming an underwater documentary.source
  • 2006Mike Fay of National Geographic uncovers that poachers had killed 100 dead elephants near a preserve in Northern Chad.source
  • 2009Kenya set a new world record in the 4 x 1500 metres relay, 14:36.23 minutes at the Memorial Van Damme meeting in Brussels. Members of the team were Augustine Choge, William Biwott Tanui, Gideon Gathimba and Geoffrey Rono. The previous record in this rarely competed event was set by West Germany in 1977, making it the oldest world record when it was broken.source
  • 2010A 7.1 magnitude earthquake rocks Christchurch, New Zealand causing large amounts of damage but no direct fatalities. It is the first in a series of earthquakes between 2010 and 2012 that resulted in the deaths of 187 people and over $40 billion worth of damage. Seismologists noted that the earthquake sequence was highly unusual, and likely to never happen again anywhere else in the world.source
  • 2012Windows 7 overtakes Windows XP in market share globally.source
  • 2019In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission threatens to fine YouTube and Google up to $170 million for violation of collecting personal information from children under 13. Google tracked children's YouTube history to regulate targeted advertising and the FTC took notice and took action.source
  • 20192019–20 Hong Kong protests: Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam announces the official withdrawal of the controversial Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019, and setting up of an independent study to probe social and economic inequality within the territory.source
  • 2020Bahrain and Israel agree to normalise relations, marking the fourth Israel–Arab peace deal.source
  • 2020The La Línea highway tunnel, the longest road tunnel in South America at a length of 8.65 kilometres (5.37 mi), is opened in Colombia after 14 years of construction and several delays.source
  • 2020An earthquake with a 5.6 magnitude strikes Panama and Costa Rica; no reported injuries or damages.source
  • 2021August 24–September 5 – The 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in Tokyo, Japan. They were originally scheduled for 25 August–6 September 2020, but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
  • 2022A Syrian Air Force helicopter crashes in Hama, Syria, killing all of the people on board.source
  • 2022King Mswati III is accused of delaying national dialogue in regards to the anti-monarchy protests.source
  • 2023Israel establishes a new permanent embassy in Manama, however, it remains in an undisclosed location, primarily due to concerns about how Bahraini locals might react.source
  • 2023Thousands of protestors gather in Skopje over allegations that patients at a state cancer hospital missed life-saving treatment because staff were stealing the drugs to sell on the black market.source
  • 2024August 28 – September 8 – The 2024 Summer Paralympics are held in Paris, France.source

Births

  • 973Al-Biruni, Persian physician and polymath (died 1048)source
  • 1241King Alexander III of Scotland (died 1286)source
  • 1249Amadeus V, count of Savoy (died 1323)source
  • 1286John de Mowbray, English nobleman (died 1322)source
  • 1383Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, aka Antipope Felix V (died 1451)source
  • 1454Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English politician (died 1483)source
  • 1531Hans Fugger, German businessman (died 1598)source
  • 1557Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Danish-Norwegian royal consort (died 1631)source
  • 1563Wanli Emperor of China (died 1620)source
  • 1580George Percy, English explorer (died 1632)source
  • 1596Constantijn Huygens, Dutch Golden Age poet and composer (died 1687)source
  • 1634Robert South, English churchman known for his combative preaching (died 1716)source
  • 1689Anna Sophie Schack, noblewoman and landlord (born 1760)source
  • 1708Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, officer of the marines, colonial administrator for New France (died 1777)source
  • 1745Schneur Zalman of Liadi, Russian rabbi and founder of Chabad (died 1812)source
  • 1756Christen Pram, economist, civil servant, poet, novelist, playwright (died 1821).source
  • 1768François-René de Chateaubriand, French writer, diplomat (died 1848)source
  • 1809Manuel Montt (died 1880)source
  • 1824Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (died 1896)source
  • 1825Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian politician (died 1917)source

Deaths

  • 422Pope Boniface I dies after a 4-year reign that was interrupted for 15 weeks, by the faction of the antipope Eulalius. He is succeeded by Celestine I as the 43rd pope.source
  • 799Musa al-Kadhim, seventh Twelver Shī‘ah Imam (born 745)source
  • 995Michinaga’s escort, Hata no Hisatada, is killed by Takaie’s followers.source
  • 1037Bermudo III (or Vermudo), king of Leónsource
  • 1063Tughril, sultan of the Seljuk Empire (born 990)source
  • 1154Gilbert de la Porrée, French theologiansource
  • 1164Henry II, prince-bishop of Liègesource
  • 1199Joan of England, queen of Sicily (born 1165)source
  • 1207Boniface I of Montferrat, Italian noblemansource
  • 1207Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, French troubadoursource
  • 1305Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian cardinal (born 1230)source
  • 1323Gegeen Khan, the Mongol Emperor Yingzong of China is assassinated in a coup d'etat on orders of Yesün Temür, who becomes the new Emperorsource
  • 1323Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of China and Mongol ruler (born 1302)source
  • 1332García de Ayerbe, Spanish bishop and crusade theoristsource
  • 1342Anna Anachoutlou, Empress of Trebizondsource
  • 1416John I, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German countsource
  • 1417Robert Hallam, English Catholic bishopsource
  • 1515Barbara of Brandenburg, Bohemian queen (born 1464)source
  • 1571Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (born 1516)source
  • 1574Charles de Mornay, court official, diplomat and royal favorite (born 1514)source
  • 1588Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (born 1532)source
  • 1595Jeremias II of Constantinople (born 1530)source
  • 1676John Ogilby, Scottish-born impresario and cartographer active in Dublin and London (born 1600)source
  • 1767Charles Townshend, English politician (born 1725)source
  • 1807September 2–7 – Battle of Copenhagen: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets, to prevent the Dano-Norwegian navy from surrendering to Napoleon; 30% of the city is destroyed, and 2,000 citizens are killed.source
  • 1821José Miguel Carrera, Chilean general, founding father (born 1785)source
  • 1821Chilean general José Miguel Carrera is executed by an Argentinian military tribunal, in the city of Mendoza.source
  • 1821José Miguel Carrera (born 1785)source
  • 1907Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (born 1843)source
  • 1911John Francon Williams, Welsh-born journalist, writer, geographer, historian, cartographer and inventor (born 1854)source
  • 1965Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician and missionary, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1875)source
  • 1990Irene Dunne, 91, American actress (The Awful Truth), cardioplegia, heart attack.source
  • 2014Joan Rivers, 81, American comedian, actress (Spaceballs) and television host (Fashion Police), cardiac arrest.source