54 CE

Two centurions are sent to the south of Egypt to find the source of the Nile, and possible new provinces. They report that while there are many cities in the desert, the area seems too poor to be worthy of conquest. Corbulo recruits Syrian auxiliary units in the region and stations them in border forts, with orders from Nero not to provoke the Parthians. Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo arrives in the East and takes up an assignment as governor of Asia, with a secret brief from Nero and his chief ministers, Seneca and Burrus, to return Armenia to the Roman Empire.

In the 50s, the 1st century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Palestine is returned piecemeal to Herod Agrippa's son Marcus Julius Agrippa between 48 and 54.source
  • Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo arrives in the East and takes up an assignment as governor of Asia, with a secret brief from Nero and his chief ministers, Seneca and Burrus, to return Armenia to the Roman Empire.source

Conflict & Security

  • In Britain, Venutius leads a revolt against his ex-wife Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes and a Roman ally. Governor Aulus Didius Gallus sends her military aid, and after some indecisive fighting a legion commanded by Caesius Nasica defeats the rebels (approximate date – some time between 52 and 57).source
  • Corbulo recruits Syrian auxiliary units in the region and stations them in border forts, with orders from Nero not to provoke the Parthians.source
  • Winter – Domitius Corbulo marches his legions (Legio VI Ferrata and Legio X) into the mountains of Cappadocia and makes camp. He gives the men a harsh training, twenty-five-mile marches and weapons drills.source
  • Nero attempts to prohibit the gladiatorial games.source
  • Corbulo inspects a base of Legio X Fretensis in Syria, at Cyrrhus; the Roman legionaries are demoralized by a "long peace". Many soldiers sell their helmets and shields.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Two centurions are sent to the south of Egypt to find the source of the Nile, and possible new provinces. They report that while there are many cities in the desert, the area seems too poor to be worthy of conquest.source
  • Under Nero, Rome annexes Aden to protect the maritime route between Alexandria and Asia.source

Religion & Belief

  • Apollos, a later assistant of Paul, is converted to Christianity in Ephesus.source
  • Patriarch Onesimus succeeds Stachys the Apostle as Patriarch of Constantinople.source

Climate & Environment

  • Violence erupts in Caesarea regarding a local ordinance restricting the civil rights of Jews, creating clashes between Jews and pagans. The Roman garrison, made up of Syrians, takes the side of the pagans. The Jews, armed with clubs and swords, meet in the marketplace. The governor of Judea, Antonius Felix, orders his troops to charge. The violence continues and Felix asks Nero to arbitrate. Nero sides with the pagans, and relegates the Jews to second-class citizens.source

Deaths

  • October 13 – Emperor Claudius dies (possibly after being poisoned by Agrippina, his wife and niece), and is succeeded by Nero.source
  • October 13 – Claudius, Roman emperor, possibly poisoned by his wife Agrippina (born 10 BC)source
  • Ban Biao, Chinese historian and official (born AD 3)source
  • Domitia Lepida the Younger, widow of Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus, mother of Valeria Messalina and former mother-in-law of Claudius (born 10 BC)source
  • Marcus Junius Silanus, Roman consul (born AD 14)source
  • Gaius Stertinius Xenophon, Greek physician, possibly poisoned Claudiussource
  • Stachys the Apostle, Byzantine bishop and saintsource