/year

October 13 in history

214 sourced entries recorded on October 13, from 54 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 409The Vandals, led by King Gunderic, cross the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula. They receive land from the Romans, as foederati, in Baetica (Southern Spain). The Alans occupy lands in Lusitania and the Suebi control parts of Gallaecia.source
  • 645Emperor Taizong is compelled to order a withdrawal from Goguryeo.source
  • 1111October 5 – 18-year-old Baldwin VII succeeds his father, Robert II, as Count of Flanders until 1119.source
  • 1229King Henry III calls for an army to be assembled at Portsmouth to be transported to Normandy to regain lost territories from the French. A large army of knights turns up ready to go but not enough ships have been provided. Henry blames Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent for the fiasco and in his rage will have killed him if Ranulf of Chester has not intervened. This marks the beginning of the rift between Henry and Hubert de Burgh. Meanwhile, the expedition is postponed until mid-1230.source
  • 1307King Philip IV of France orders the arrest of all members of the Knights Templar in France. The Templars, together with their Grand Master Jacques de Molay, are imprisoned, interrogated, and tortured into confessing heresy. In Paris, the king's inquisitors torture some 140 Templars, most of whom eventually make confessions. Many are subjected to "fire torture": their legs are fastened in an iron frame and the soles of their feet are greased with fat or butter. Unable to withstand these tortures, many Templars eventually confess.source
  • 1312Özbeg Khan, the Mongol ruler of much of Russia, demands that the Middle East Mongol ruler Öljaitü cede to him the Azerbaijan territory of modern-day Iran.source
  • 1362The Chancellor of England for the first time opens Parliament with a speech in English. Under Edward III, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in English law courts.source
  • 1377Richard II of England's first parliament assembles for a session of almost two months. The House of Commons members elect Peter de la Mare as the Speaker of the House.source
  • 1399Henry Bolingborke is crowned as King Henry IV of England at Westminster Abbey.source
  • 1406Richard Whittington is elected Lord Mayor of London for a second full term. He holds this office simultaneously, with that of Mayor of the Calais Staple.source
  • 1427The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned on July 15 by England's Regency Council. John Tyrrell is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.source
  • 1427Lincoln College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln.source
  • 1466King James III of Scotland is forced by Lord Boyd to appear before the Scottish Parliament and to forgive Boyd and the other conspirators in the kidnapping that took place on July 9.source
  • 1469King Edward IV returns to London after having been imprisoned since July since being captured at the Battle of Edgcote.source
  • 1475The Swiss Confederacy Canton of Bern invades the Canton of Vaud, at the time under the control of Jacques of Savoy, one of the nobles in the Duchy of Savoy.source
  • 1479In the Battle of the Breadfield, the army of the Kingdom of Hungary, led by Pál Kinizsi and István Báthory, defeats the army of the Ottoman Empire and Transylvania and Hungary, leaving at least 10,000 Ottoman Turks dead.source
  • 1481The bodies of the Martyrs of Otranto, who had been killed in Italy in 1480 by the Ottomans who had conquered the city of Otranto, are discovered in the city's cathedral "uncorrupted", and the group as a whole is celebrated as martyrs to the Roman Catholic faith. The 813 martyrs will be canonized more than 500 years later on May 12, 2013.source
  • 1494The British administrator assigned to Ireland, Sir Edward Poynings, arrives at Ireland with about 1,000 men and lands at Howth.source
  • 1494Edward Poynings arrives at Howth with 1,000 men.source
  • 1501Maximilian of Austria and Louis XII of France sign the Treaty of Trente with Austria recognizing all French conquests in the northern territories of Italy.source
  • 1501Maximilian of Austria and Louis XII of France sign the Treaty of Trente with Austria recognising all French conquests in the northern territories of Italy.source
  • 1528Cardinal Thomas Wolsey founds a college in his birthplace of Ipswich, England, which becomes the modern-day Ipswich School (incorporating institutions in the town dating back to 1299).source
  • 1547(New Moon of Thadinovut 909 ME) With the end of the Buddhist Lent, the Kingdom of Burma (now Myanmar) mobilizes to invade the Kingdom of Arakan (now Thailand).source
  • 1579Semiz Ahmed Pasha is appointed as the new Ottoman Grand Vizier by Sultan Murad III.source
  • 1590(5th waxing of Tazaungmon 952 ME) – In what is now Myanmar, King Nanda Bayin of Burma sends a 10,000-man army, led by the Viceroy Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome, and General Natshinnaung to suppress a rebellion in the Shan state of Mogaung.source
  • 1590German astronomer Michael Maestlin becomes the first person to record an observation of the occultation of the planet Mars by the planet Venus.source
  • 1614The second War of the Jülich Succession, which flared up a second time in May, comes to an end.source
  • 1620the Blundell Baronetcy is created in the Baronetage of Ireland in favour of Francis Blundell, Vice-Treasurer and Receiver-General of Ireland.source
  • 1630War of the Mantuan Succession: the Peace of Regensburg is signed. Charles Gonzaga is confirmed as Duke of Mantua.source
  • 1634Foundation of the hospice des Incurables, the future Laennec hospital of Paris.source
  • 1637English Royal Navy first-rate ship of the line English ship Sovereign of the Seas is launched at Woolwich Dockyard at a cost of £65,586, adorned from stern to bow with gilded carvings, after a design by Anthony van Dyck.source
  • 1637First-rate ship of the line English ship Sovereign of the Seas is launched at Woolwich Dockyard at a cost of £65,586, adorned from stern to bow with gilded carvings.source
  • 1644Battle of Fehmarn (1644)source
  • 1645October 8–14 – English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction.source
  • 1659General-major John Lambert drives out the English Rump-government.source
  • 1659the Council of State is dismissed by the Rump Parliament and Lambert excludes the Rump Parliament from the Palace of Westminster.source
  • 1660The Rigsraad (High Council) of Denmark is abolished and Denmark-Norway becomes an absolute monarchy as King Frederik III is recognized by the nobility as being entitled to have his throne passed to his descendants by hereditary monarchy.source
  • 1660Bishop Hans Svane publicly offers the Heraldry Kingdom to the annulment of the Håndfæstning, and the institution of absolute monarchy is instituted by decree.source
  • 1660the first of ten regicides of Charles I to be executed this year is hanged, drawn and quartered.source
  • 1675The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move to Deer Island.source
  • 1676Battle of Gegodog: Trunajaya defeats the Mataram Sultanate.source
  • 1706Augustus II, known as August der Starke (Augustus the Strong), Elector of Saxony, having ruled as King of Poland since 1706, signs the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), renouncing all claims to the throne to settle his fight with Sweden during the Great Northern War.source
  • 1710October 5 – October 13 - British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.source
  • 1710Queen Anne's War – Siege of Port Royal: The French surrender, giving the British permanent possession of Nova Scotia.source
  • 1740October 9–22 – Batavia Massacre: Troops of the Dutch East India Company massacre at least 10,000 Chinese Indonesians in Batavia.source
  • 1773French astronomer Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy, an interacting, grand design spiral galaxy located at a distance of approximately 31 million light-years, in the constellation Canes Venatici.source
  • 1773Astronomer Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy, an interacting, grand design spiral galaxy located at a distance of approximately 31 million light-years, in the constellation Canes Venatici.source
  • 1775American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later the United States Navy).source
  • 1776On Lake Champlain, Arnold runs part of his fleet ashore, to avoid capture.source
  • 1785France mints new Louis d'or coins, with the image of King Louis XVI on the obverse, and one-sixth less gold than the coins with King Louis XV's image.source
  • 1785The first newspaper in British India, the English-language Madras Courier, is published. It continues publication as a weekly until 1794.source
  • 1792Foundation of Washington, D.C.: The cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House after 1818) is laid.source
  • 1795October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly-reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.source
  • 1812War of 1812 – Battle of Queenston Heights: As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops, led by Sir Isaac Brock (who dies during the battle).source
  • 1819A treaty is entered between the Raja of Cutch Deshalji II, and East India Company, placing the Cutch State under Company rule.source
  • 1836Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing.source
  • 1837The French army under Sylvain Charles Valée captures the city of Constantine in French Algeria after a siege of three days.source
  • 1841First Opium War: British occupy Ningbo.source
  • 1843In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith, the oldest Jewish service organization in the world.source
  • 1845A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the United States Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.source
  • 1856American mercenary William Walker effectively takes control of Nicaragua.source
  • 1856State President Boshoff of the Orange Free State lays the foundation stone of Grey College in Bloemfonteinsource
  • 1857Panic of 1857: New York banks close, and do not reopen until December 12.source
  • 1857Panic of 1857: New York banks close and do not reopen until December 12. This has an impact in Europe also.source
  • 1862Winchburgh rail crash: A head-on collision on the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway kills 15.source
  • 1863the Provostship of Aberdeen is elevated to Lord Provost.source
  • 1866October 7–21 – The Second Plenary Council of American Roman Catholic bishops is held in Baltimore.source
  • 1878Portuguese legislative election, 1878source
  • 1879The first female students are admitted to study for degrees of the University of Oxford in England, at the new Lady Margaret Hall and Somerville Hall, and with the Society of Oxford Home-Students.source
  • 1881Determined to bring about the revival of the Hebrew language as a way of unifying Jews, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda has what is believed to be the first conversation in Modern Hebrew, with friends living in Paris.source
  • 1881Determined to bring about the revival of the Hebrew language as a way of unifying Jews, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda has what is believed to be the first conversation in Modern Hebrew, with friends living in Paris.source
  • 1881Charles Stewart Parnell imprisoned for to his part in land agitation in Ireland.source
  • 188119 people drown when the Cyprian is wrecked off the Lleyn peninsula.source
  • 1885The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta, Georgia as the Georgia School of Technology.source
  • 1885The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta as the Georgia School of Technology.source
  • 1890Transvaal – Braamfontein to Springs, 30 mi.source
  • 1890On Lake Huron, the schooner J. F. Warner is lost in Thunder Bay (Michigan).source
  • 1890The Delta Chi fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.source
  • 1893The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1893 is signed, as the Kingdom of Siam cedes all of its territories east of the Mekong River to France, creating the territory of Laos.source
  • 1893The first students enter St Hilda's College, Oxford, England, founded for women by Dorothea Beale.source
  • 1896First public screening of a motion picture in New Zealand, in Auckland.source
  • 1897HMS Canopus, a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy, is launched at Portsmouth, England; she will be deployed widely in World War I.source
  • 1897HMS Canopus, a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy, is launched at Portsmouth; she will be deployed widely in World War I.source
  • 1899The Røvær accident: A storm kills 30 people at sea near Haugesund.source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1904Pavlos Melas is encircled at Statista and killed during the Macedonian Struggle.source
  • 1905October 13 O.S: The Saint Petersburg Soviet holds its first meeting, the first elected workers' Soviet (council) in Russia.source
  • 1905Annie Kenney and Christabel Pankhurst interrupt a Liberal Party (UK) rally at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester, England, and choose imprisonment when convicted, the first militant action of the suffragette campaign.source
  • 1905Annie Kenney and Christabel Pankhurst interrupt a Liberal Party rally at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester and choose imprisonment when convicted, the first militant action of the suffragette campaign.source
  • 1908The Church of the Nazarene is organized officially at Pilot Point, Texas as the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene. This is the official "birthday" of the denomination.source
  • 1909An agreement by Germany, Italy and Switzerland gives the Germans and Italians access to the Gotthard Rail Tunnel.source
  • 1917The Miracle of the Sun is reported at Fátima, Portugal.source
  • 1917Miracle of the Sun near Fátimasource
  • 1919The Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation is signed, in Paris, France.source
  • 1921The Treaty of Kars is signed between the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics in Transcaucasia, establishing common boundaries.source
  • 1923Ankara replaces Istanbul (Constantinople), as the capital of Turkey.source
  • 1923The first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific into the Atlantic occurs in Oaxaca.source
  • 1924October 12–15 – Zeppelin LZ-126 makes a transatlantic delivery flight from Friedrichshafen, Germany, to Lakehurst, New Jersey.source
  • 1925October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.source
  • 1925Gaston-Antoine Rasneur, bishop of Tournai, consecrates the new abbey church of Chimay Abbey.source
  • 1929Afghan Civil War ends.source
  • 1937Germany, in a note to Brussels, guarantees the inviolability and integrity of Belgium so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany.source
  • 1945Leon Yehuda Recanati (born 1890), Ottoman (Greek)-born businessman, banker, philanthropist, and Jewish community leader.source
  • 1949Severe flooding hits Guatemala.source
  • 1959The United States launches research satellite Explorer 7.source
  • 1962Helen Joseph becomes the first person to be placed under house arrest under the Sabotage Act.source
  • 1964October 10–24 – The 1964 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.source
  • 1965Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fires Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and forms a provisional government, with Évariste Kimba in a leading position.source
  • 1969October 11–16 – The New York Mets upset the Baltimore Orioles four games to one in the World Series.source
  • 1970Saeb Salam forms a government in Lebanon.source
  • 1971The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Baltimore Orioles 4–3 in Game 4 of the World Series at home in the first ever Major League Baseball postseason game played at night. The Pirates defeat the Orioles 2–1 in the decisive Game 7 at Baltimore four days later.source
  • 1972Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571: A Fairchild FH-227D passenger aircraft transporting a rugby union team crashes at about 14,000 ft in the Andes mountain range, near the Argentina/Chile border. Sixteen of the survivors are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive.source
  • 1972Heavy fog, an environmental phenomenon that had built up since the beginning of the month, causes gridlock and other problems throughout Singapore.source
  • 1976The United States Commission on Civil Rights releases the report, Puerto Ricans in the Continental United States: An Uncertain Future, that documents that Puerto Ricans in the United States have a poverty rate of 33 percent in 1974 (up from 29 percent in 1970), the highest of all major racial-ethnic groups in the country (not including Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory).source
  • 1977German Autumn: Four Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand the release of 11 Red Army Faction members.source
  • 1978The Soviet Union launches a major Russification campaign throughout all union republics.source
  • 1978Poet and Muse drama film is released.source
  • 1983The world's first commercial mobile cellular telephone call is made, in Chicago, United States.source
  • 1989Gro Harlem Brundtland, leader of the Labour Party, resigns as Prime Minister of Norway. She is succeeded by Jan P. Syse, Leader of the Conservative Party, on October 16.source
  • 1989Friday the 13th mini-crash: The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunges 190.58 points, or 6.91 percent, to close at 2,569.26, most likely after the junk bond market collapses.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1990Lebanese Civil War: Syrian military forces invade and occupy Mount Lebanon, ousting General Michel Aoun's government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14 year occupation of Lebanese soil and ends the civil war.source
  • 1991In the Bulgarian parliamentary election, the Union of Democratic Forces defeats the Bulgarian Socialist Party, leaving no remaining Communist governments in Eastern Europe.source
  • 1991Diego Domínguez, Spanish actor and singersource
  • 1993The fifth summit of the Francophonie opens in Mauritius.source
  • 1993The 1993 Finisterre earthquakes in Papua New Guinea kill at least 60 due to landslides.source
  • 1994Kenzaburō Ōe receives the Nobel Prize in Literature.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 1998Rebels say they have taken the government stronghold of Kindu.source
  • 2001American scientists create the first successful clone of a human embryo.source
  • 2003Royal Nepal Army fire indiscriminately at a Maoist-organized cultural program at Sharada Higher Secondary School in Doti, killing 4 students.source
  • 2006October 11–13 – St Andrews Agreement is held in Scotland between the British and Irish governments on devolution in Northern Ireland.source
  • 2006South Korean Ban Ki-moon is elected as the new Secretary-General of the United Nations, succeeding Kofi Annan.source
  • 2008Microsoft announces the name Windows 7 to the public.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2011The King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, marries 21-year-old college student Jetsun Pema in Punakha.source
  • 2015After two days of fighting for survival, Fransiskus Susbihardayan, the only sole survivor of the crash was found alive from the missing Eurocopter. The others were still missingsource
  • 2016The Maldives announces its decision to withdraw from the Commonwealth of Nations.source
  • 2021Pro-democracy protests intensify in Eswatini, as police use tear gas and water cannons to disperse crowds during this week's protests. Government spokespeople have denied to comment as King Mswati III denies accusations of autocratic rule in the last absolutist monarchy in Africa.source
  • 20222022 Vanuatuan general election: Vanuatuans vote for the members of their parliament in a snap election.source
  • 2022October 12–October 13 – 2022 Bratislava shooting, killing 3 (including the perpetrator) and injuring one. The shooting occurred outside of a gay bar in Bratislava known as Tepláreň. Two people (excluding the perpetrator) died as a result of the shooting. Juraj Vankulič, a non-binary person, and Matúš Horváth, a bisexual man. The perpetrator (Juraj Krajčík) was found dead due to a self-inflicted gunshot the morning after the attack.source
  • 2023After British regulators' approval, Microsoft closes its US$68.7 billion acquisition of Activision Blizzard.source
  • 2024SpaceX achieves the first successful return and capture of a Super Heavy booster from Starship, the biggest and most powerful rocket ever to fly.source
  • 2025National Heroes' Daysource
  • 2025Gaza war: Hamas releases the last 20 living hostages in Gaza after they were kidnapped during the 2023 October 7 attacks. In exchange, Israel releases 250 Palestinian prisoners and more than 1,700 detainees.source

Births

  • 467Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei (died 499)source
  • 1320Perenelle Flamel, French female alchemist (died 1397)source
  • 1381Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (died 1415)source
  • 1453Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, only son of Henry VIsource
  • 1474Mariotto Albertinelli, High Renaissance Italian painter of the Florentine school (died 1515)source
  • 1499Claude of France, queen consort of France, daughter of Louis XII (died 1524)source
  • 1563Francis Caracciolo, Italian Catholic priest (died 1608)source
  • 1566Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (died 1643)source
  • 1566Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland (died 1643)source
  • 1644Sipihr Shikoh, Mughal Emperor (died 1708)source
  • 1668Frederik Christian Adeler, Supreme Court justice, county governor and landowner (died 1726)source
  • 1679Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (died 1740)source
  • 1696John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English courtier, political writer and memoirist (died 1743)source
  • 1698Giacomo Ceruti, Italian late Baroque painter (died 1767)source
  • 1713Allan Ramsay, Scottish portrait painter (died 1784)source
  • 1744Henrik Johan Nauckhoff, Swedish admiralsource
  • 1784King Ferdinand VII of Spain (died 1833)source
  • 1821Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (died 1902)source
  • 1821Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (died 1902)source
  • 1822Joaquín Larraín Gandarillas (died 1897)source
  • 1825Charles Frederick Worth, English-born fashion designer, father of haute couture (died 1895)source
  • 1853Lillie Langtry, Jersey-born stage actress and royal mistress (died 1929)source
  • 1925Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 (died 2013)source
  • 1958Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (died 2018)source
  • 1962Jerry Rice, American football playersource
  • 2012Iris Alessandra Alyssa – Actresssource

Deaths

  • 54Emperor Claudius dies (possibly after being poisoned by Agrippina, his wife and niece), and is succeeded by Nero.source
  • 54Claudius, Roman emperor, possibly poisoned by his wife Agrippina (born 10 BC)source
  • 64Peter the Apostle (Margherita Guarducci, who led the research leading to the rediscovery of Peter's reputed tomb in 1963, concluded that Peter died on that date, shortly after the Great Fire of Rome and during the festivities to mark "dies imperii" of Emperor Nero, and that Peter and other Christians were crucified in honor of the decennial of Nero's October 13, AD 54 ascension to the imperial throne.) (born 1 BC)source
  • 807Simpert, bishop of Augsburgsource
  • 982Chinese Emperor Jingzong dies in camp during a hunting trip after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son, Shengzong, as ruler of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty. His mother, Empress Dowager Xiao Yanyan becomes the regent.source
  • 982Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (born 948)source
  • 1093Robert I, Count of Flanderssource
  • 1100Guy I, Count of Ponthieu (or Wido), French noblemansource
  • 1119Alan IV, duke of Brittany (born 1063)source
  • 1131The 15-year-old Philip, eldest son of King Louis VI (the Fat) of France, dies when his horse trips over a black pig that darts out of a dung heap unexpectedly at a market in Paris.source
  • 1131Philip, co-king of France (born 1116)source
  • 1195Gualdim Pais, Great Master of the Templars in Portugal (born 1118)source
  • 1212October 13 or October 14 – Baldwin of Béthune, French nobleman and knightsource
  • 1240Malik Altunia, Indian governor and rulersource
  • 1282Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest (born 1222)source
  • 1382While being held as a prisoner in the Republic of Genoa, Jacques de Lusignan is elected by a parliament of Cypriot nobles to succeed his nephew, Peter II (who died on September 9), as King of Cyprus.source
  • 1382King Peter II of Cyprussource
  • 1397Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London since June 8 when he was chosen by King Richard II following the June 6 death of the Lord Mayor Adam Bamme, is overwhelmingly approved by London's freemen to serve permanently after Whittington had negotiated a deal to settle its debt to the King for £10,000.source
  • 1415Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (born 1381)source
  • 1435Hermann II of Celje, Ban of Croatiasource
  • 1534Cardinal Alessandro Farnese is elected as the 220th pope of the Roman Catholic Church after a two-day conclave to find a successor for Pope Clement VII, who had died on September 25. Farnese, the Bishop of Ostia, takes the name Pope Paul III and is crowned on November 3.source
  • 1579William Drury, English politician (born 1527)source
  • 1602Franciscus Junius, French theologian (born 1545)source
  • 1605Theodore Beza, French theologian (born 1519)source
  • 1605Theodore Beza, Protestant reformer (born 1519)source
  • 1655Tobie Matthew, English Member of Parliament (born 1577)source
  • 1660October 13 to October 19 – Ten of the 57 "regicides" who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England in 1649 are executed over a period of one week, mostly at Charing Cross by being hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes being disemboweled (in some cases before they have died) and then and burned. The first to die is Thomas Harrison, a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. He is followed by John Carew (October 15); John Cook and Hugh Peter (October 16); (Adrian Scrope, John Moore, Gregory Clement and Thomas Scot) (October 17); and Daniel Axtell and Francis Hacker (October 19).source
  • 1668Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, English military leader (born 1602)source
  • 1673Christoffer Gabel, statesman (born 1617)source
  • 1687Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (born 1633)source
  • 1706Iyasu I, emperor of Ethiopia (born 1654)source
  • 1706Iyasu I, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1682, is assassinated on the island of Tana, on orders of his son, Tekle Haymanot I, who has ruled in Iyasu's place. After being crowned as the new Emperor, Tekle Haymanot is stabbed to death in 1708 on orders of Iyasu's brother, Tewoflos.source
  • 1715Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (born 1638)source
  • 1775James Cholmondeley, British Army officer, Member of Parliament (born 1708)source
  • 1780October 10–16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and Sint Eustatius; 22,000 are killed.source
  • 1812Isaac Brock, British general (killed in action) (born 1769)source
  • 1815Joachim Murat, French marshal, King of Naples (executed) (born 1767)source
  • 1822Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor (born 1757)source
  • 1825King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (born 1756)source
  • 1882Arthur de Gobineau, French writer, demographist (born 1816)source
  • 1905Sir Henry Irving, English actor (born 1838)source
  • 1928Dagmar of Denmark, later Maria Fyodorovna, wife of Tsar Alexander III and Empress Consort of Russia (born 1847)source
  • 2016Bhumibol Adulyadej, 88, Thai monarch, King (since 1946)source