660 CE

Battle of Hwangsanbeol: Sillan forces (50,000 men) led by general Kim Yu-shin defeat the army of Baekje at Nonsan. During the fighting general Gyebaek dies at the hand of the Sillan invaders. Felix, patrician of Toulouse, assumes the titles of Duke of Vasconia and Aquitaine. He is formally a vassal of the Franks, but rules "de facto" independently. The March of the Slavs, centred north of modern Klagenfurt, preserves independence and is first mentioned in historical sources, known as Carantania (Austria).

In the 660s, the 7th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The capital of Japan moves from Asuka, Yamato (Okamoto Palace or Nochi no Asuka-Okamoto-no-miya) to Asakura, Fukuokasource
  • Felix, patrician of Toulouse, assumes the titles of Duke of Vasconia and Aquitaine. He is formally a vassal of the Franks, but rules "de facto" independently.source

Conflict & Security

  • July 9 – Battle of Hwangsanbeol: Sillan forces (50,000 men) led by general Kim Yu-shin defeat the army of Baekje at Nonsan. During the fighting general Gyebaek dies at the hand of the Sillan invaders.source
  • Baekje in southwestern Korea is conquered by an alliance of the Tang dynasty and Silla, led by general Su Dingfang and King Munmu of Silla. The Japanese envoys detained in Chang'an are paroled.source
  • Japanese forces, under command of Abe no Hirafu, massacre the Mishihase people in Hokkaidosource
  • After the fall of Sabi to the forces of Silla, the Yamato government sends envoys directly to the Chinese court for the first timesource
  • The Baekje–Tang War begins, involving Yamato forces in support of the kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeosource

Exploration & Expansion

  • The March of the Slavs, centred north of modern Klagenfurt, preserves independence and is first mentioned in historical sources, known as Carantania (Austria).source

Religion & Belief

  • King Cenwalh of Wessex becomes dissatisfied with his local bishop, Agilbert of Dorchester, as he does not speak West-Saxon. Cenwalh splits the episcopal see of Wessex in two. Wine becomes the first bishop of Winchester, by the Saxons called Wintancestir. Agilbert resigns in protest and travels north to Northumbria.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Prince Naka no Ōe no Ōji of Japan makes a Japanese clock for the first time at Asuka, by which he causes the people to know the hours.source

Health & Medicine

  • Emperor Gao Zong suffers from an illness (possibly slow-poisoning). His wife Wu Zetian starts to rule the Chinese Empire.source

Crime & Justice

  • Emperor Constans II is paranoid about the ambitions of his younger brother, Theodosius, and has him murdered. Having attracted the hatred of the citizens of Constantinople, Constans decides to leave the Byzantine capital and moves to Syracuse (Sicily).source

Births

  • Acca, bishop of Hexham (approximate date)source
  • Mildthryth, Anglo-Saxon abbess (approximate date; died after 732)source
  • Rupert, bishop of Salzburg (approximate date)source
  • Genmei, empress of Japan (died 721)source
  • Yamanoue no Okura, Japanese poet (died 733)source
  • Leudwinus, Frankish bishop (approximate date)source
  • John of Dailam, Syrian monk (died 738)source

Deaths

  • December 1 – Eligius, bishop and saintsource
  • Boggis, Duke of Aquitaine (approximate date)source
  • Magnus, bishop and governor of Avignonsource
  • Sigebert III, king of Austrasia (or 656)source
  • King Sigeberht II of Essex is murdered by his brothers, Swithelm and Swithfrith, and other kinsmen for being "too ready to pardon his enemies"; that is to say, the Christians. Swithelm becomes king of Essex, with Swithfrith as joint-monarch for a period (approximate date).source
  • King Conall Crandomna of Dál Riata (modern Scotland) dies, and is succeeded by his nephew Domangart mac Domnaill.source
  • Xin Maojiang, chancellor of the Tang dynastysource
  • Gyebaek, general of Baekje (Korea)source
  • Conall Crandomna, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)source
  • Sigeberht II, king of Essex (approximate date)source