/year

July 9 in history

226 sourced entries recorded on July 9, from 230 CE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 455Avitus is proclaimed Roman emperor at Toulouse, and later recognised by the Gallic chiefs in Viernum (near Arles).source
  • 491Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theodoric the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric repulses the attack, forcing Odoacer back into Ravenna.source
  • 551Beirut is destroyed by an earthquake and tsunami. Its epicenter has an estimated magnitude of about 7.2 or 7.6, and according to reports of Antoninus of Piacenza, Christian pilgrim, some 30,000 people are killed.source
  • 660Battle of Hwangsanbeol: Sillan forces (50,000 men) led by general Kim Yu-shin defeat the army of Baekje at Nonsan. During the fighting general Gyebaek dies at the hand of the Sillan invaders.source
  • 869The 869 Sanriku earthquake and associated tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu.source
  • 1250The Qaymariyya tribe engineers a coup d'état to hand over Damascus to An-Nasir Yusuf. The garrison in the citadel surrenders later to him.source
  • 1357Construction formally begins on Charles Bridge in Prague.source
  • 1367Guy de Blois, Count of Sissons, held hostage by Enguerrand VII de Coucy, Earl of Bedford, is forced to surrender Soissons to Bedford in return for his freedom.source
  • 1369Lusignan of Cyprus leads the Cypriots in an unsuccessful attack on Alexandria in Egypt, then retreats, attacks Sidon again on July 19 and then is force by the weather to return to Cyprus, landing back at Famagusta on July 22.source
  • 1386Battle of Sempach: Soldiers from cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy defeat the Austrian Habsburg Army in a battle that leads to the unification of the cantons into the nation of Switzerland.source
  • 1386John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and oldest surviving son of the late King Edward II of England, departs from England with 5,000 men and a fleet of English and Portuguese ships to make good his claim to the throne of Castile. John, whose nephew became King Richard II upon Edward's death, claims the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza of Castile in 1371.source
  • 1394Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and the mentally unstable, King Charles VI of France, agree that Philip's first granddaughter would marry King Charles's son and heir apparent, the two-year-old Dauphin Charles de France. The agreement will not achieve a result, in that the Dauphin and will die at age nine in 1401.source
  • 1401(27 Dhu al-Qadah 803 A.H.) Timur raids the city of Baghdad, in the Jalayirid Empire, then carries out a massacre of its inhabitants, including women and children, as punishment for resisting his rule. According to accounts later, "90,000 human heads were piled up on the public places of the town." The only persons spared death are "theologians, shaikhs and dervishes", and the only buildings not demolished are "mosques, universities and hostels."source
  • 1409The Republic of Venice, led by the Doge Michele Steno, gains control of both sides of the Adriatic Sea by purchasing the Dalmatian coast (bordered in modern times by Slovenia and Croatia) from King Ladislaus the Magnanimous, ruler of the Kingdom of Naples for 100,000 ducats, or 350 kilograms of gold.source
  • 1439The Battle of Craignaught Hill takes place in Scotland between Clan Boyd and Clan Stewart as the Stewarts of Darnley carry out revenge against Sir Thomas Boyd for his murder of Alan Stewart.source
  • 1453The Giant Bible of Mainz is completed.source
  • 1466King James III of Scotland is taken hostage while he is hunting near his palace at Linlithgow, in a coup d'etat led by Lord Robert Boyd.source
  • 1487The Khanate of Khazan surrenders after a siege of seven weeks, and Khazan becomes a vassal of the Russians in the Grand Principality of Moscow.source
  • 1530The Tetrapolitan Confession, a Protestant confession of faith, is submitted jointly to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V on behalf of the southern German cities of Konstanz, Lindau, Memmingen and Strasbourg.source
  • 1536The papal legation of Cardinals Marino Caracciolo, Francisco Quiñones, and Agostino Trivulzio meets with Emperor Charles V at Savigliano, south of Turin on orders of Pope Paul III.source
  • 1540English King Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort, is annulled.source
  • 1541Estêvão da Gama departs Massawa, leaving behind 400 matchlock men and 150 slaves under his brother Cristóvão da Gama, with orders to assist the Emperor of Ethiopia to defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, who had invaded his Empire.source
  • 1553Battle of Sievershausen: Prince-elector Maurice of Saxony defeats the Catholic forces of Margrave Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. Maurice is mortally wounded.source
  • 1558The Ottoman Empire, with 15,000 troops and 150 warships, besieges the Spanish garrison at Ciutadella de Menorca at Spain's Balearic Islands. When the town falls on July 17, the 3,099 surviving inhabitants are sold into slavery.source
  • 1572The Sea Beggars hang 19 previously imprisoned Roman Catholic priests (the Martyrs of Gorkum) at Brielle.source
  • 1573Elizabeth I of England grants Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex, the right to plant most of County Antrim. He sets out with a military force (including Moyses Hill) from England to do so, but his ships are dispersed by storm.source
  • 1577Ludvig Munk is appointed Governor-General of Norway.source
  • 1609Bohemia is granted freedom of religion by a 'Letter of Majesty'.source
  • 1610Lady Arbella Stuart, a claimant to the throne of England, is imprisoned for clandestinely marrying William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset, another claimant, without royal permission on June 22.source
  • 1627July 5–13 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the East Fjords of Iceland and take captives into slavery.source
  • 1628Prince Minyedeippa assassinates his father, Anaukpetlun, King of Burma and takes over the throne upon the death of his father. Minyedeippa is arrested by the palace guards a year later and turned over to Anaukpetlun's brother, Thalun, for execution.source
  • 1630Thirty Years' War: Stettin is taken by Swedish forces.source
  • 1631Koca Musa Pasha, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, arranges the murder of Emir Kitas Bey, commander of Turkish troops who had been scheduled to invade Persia.source
  • 1640John Punch, a servant of Virginia planter Hugh Gwyn, is sentenced to a life of servitude after attempting to escape, making him the "first official slave in the English colonies".source
  • 1665The colonization of the south Indian Ocean island Réunion begins, with Louis XIV's East India Company (Compagnie des Indes Orientales) sending 20 permanent settlers, under the command of Etienne Regnault, from the French ship Taureau.source
  • 1669Oliver Plunkett is appointed Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland (consecrated at Ghent 21 November (1 December NS)).source
  • 1686The Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg) is founded, in response to claims made by Louis XIV of France on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany. It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.source
  • 1687The Copenhagen Royal Fire Brigade os founded.source
  • 1701The Battle of Carpi, the first skirmish in the War of the Spanish Succession, takes place in Italy when French troops under the command of Nicolas Catinat are attacked by Austrian forces led by Prince Eugene of Savoy.source
  • 1701Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedes defeat the army of Saxony (then a Polish territory) at the River Dvina.source
  • 1713The Junta de Braços (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia votes in favour of staying in the War of the Spanish Succession against Philip V of Spain. Army of Catalonia raised.source
  • 1737The direct male line of the Medici family becomes extinct, with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.source
  • 1739The first group purporting to represent an all-England cricket team, consisting of 11 players from various parts of England, comes to Kent and loses to the renowned Kent team, led by Lord John Sackville.source
  • 1745War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Melle: The French are victorious in an engagement against the Pragmatic Allies.source
  • 17459 July (20 July NS) – Jacobite rising: The Du Teillay, carrying the Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart from France to Scotland, and her escort L'Elisabeth engage with HMS Lion in the English Channel.source
  • 1749The British naval fort at Halifax is founded on mainland Nova Scotia as a defense against the New France Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, less than 100 mi away.source
  • 1749British settlement of Halifax, Nova Scotia is founded.source
  • 1750Traveller Jonas Hanway leaves St. Petersburg to return home, via Germany and the Netherlands. Later the same year, Hanway reputedly becomes the first Englishman to use an umbrella (a French fashion).source
  • 1755French and Indian War – Braddock Expedition: British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.source
  • 1755French and Indian War: Braddock Expedition – British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.source
  • 1762Catherine II becomes empress of Russia after planning the overthrow of her husband, the Tsar Peter III. The incipient Russo-Prussian alliance falls apart, but Russia does not rejoin the war. Peter is strangled eight days later.source
  • 1763The Mozart family grand tour of Europe began, lifting the profile of child prodigy Wolfgang Amadeus.source
  • 1776American Revolution – An angry mob in New York City topples and beheads the equestrian statue of George III of Great Britain in Bowling Green; much of its metal content will be used to make musket balls.source
  • 1776American Revolution: An angry mob in New York City topples and beheads the equestrian statue of George III in Bowling Green; much of its metal content will be used to make musket balls.source
  • 1784The Bank of New York opens as the first in New York state and continues to operate under that name for almost 223 years until being acquired by Mellon Financial and becoming BNY Mellon.source
  • 1789At Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly, and begins preparations for what will become the French Constitution of 1791.source
  • 1789Theater War part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790): Denmark-Norway agreed to cease active engagement in the conflict. A statement of neutrality was issued by Denmark-Norway, not a formal peace treaty and Denmark-Norway leaves the war.source
  • 1789The Theatre War officially ends in Scandinavia.source
  • 1789The Theater War, which began the previous year, formally ends.source
  • 1793The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada.source
  • 1793Act Against Slavery passed into law, making Upper Canada the first British territory to bring in legislation against slavery, although it did not abolish slavery entirely.source
  • 1794Tree of Liberty erected on the Place Royale (Brussels).source
  • 1797U.S. Senator William Blount becomes the first federal legislator to be expelled from office, as his fellow Senators vote 25 to 1 to block him from his seat during an investigation against him on charges of criminal conspiracy.source
  • 1802The Lærdal Rebellion ends.source
  • 1805Muhammad Ali Pasha founds his dynasty in Egypt.source
  • 1807July 7–9 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed between France, Prussia and Russia. Napoleon and Russian Emperor Alexander I ally together against the British. The Prussians are forced to cede more than half their territory, which is formed into the Duchy of Warsaw in their former Polish lands, and the Kingdom of Westphalia in western Germany. The Free City of Danzig is also formed (established July 21 by Napoleon).source
  • 1809July 8–9 – Finnish War – Naval Battle of Porkala: The Swedish archipelago fleet defeats the Russians.source
  • 1810Russia acquires Sukhumi through a treaty with the Abkhazian dukes, and declares a protectorate over the whole of Abkhazia.source
  • 1810Napoleon I dissolves the Kingdom of Holland, ruled by his younger brother Louis Bonaparte, and annexes the country into the French Empire.source
  • 1811British explorer David Thompson posts a notice at the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers (in modern-day Washington), claiming the area for the United Kingdom.source
  • 1811The Great Podil fire breaks out in Kiev, Ukraine.source
  • 1816The United Provinces of South America (today Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil) declares independence from Spain.source
  • 1826Ramon Freire resigns, handing over power to Manuel Blanco Encalada.source
  • 1827Zarafa, the giraffe given by the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt to King Charles X of France, arrives at the royal palace in Paris.source
  • 1828The 1828–29 United States House of Representatives elections commence; they will increase the majority of the Jacksonian Democrats.source
  • 1832The Commissioner of Indian Affairs post is created within the United States Department of War.source
  • 1834July 7–10 – Anti-abolitionist riots break out in New York City.source
  • 1846A flood at East Wheal Rose lead mine in Cornwall kills 39.source
  • 1850Vice President Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th president of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor.source
  • 1856Natal becomes a British Crown colony.source
  • 1860The Nightingale Training School and Home for Nurses, the first nursing school based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened at St Thomas' Hospital in London.source
  • 1860Belgian consulate in Damascus destroyed during anti-Christian pogroms.source
  • 1863American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends, and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time.source
  • 1865establishment of Nueve de Julio Partidosource
  • 1867Queen's Park F.C., the oldest association football league team in Scotland, is founded.source
  • 1868The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.source
  • 1872Tradeston Flour Mills explosion in Glasgow kills 18source
  • 1873Third Carlist War: Battle of Alpens – Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under General José Cabrinetty is ambushed at Alpens, 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist forces under General Francisco Savalls. After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured.source
  • 1873The government of Otto von Bismarck in a united Germany introduces the gold mark, a unified currency to replace the various legal tender of the nation-states of the German Confederation..source
  • 1875Asia's first stock exchange is established as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association (the modern-day Bombay Stock Exchange).source
  • 1875Bombay Stock Exchange known as BSE, Indian stock market was foundedsource
  • 1877Law on secret ballot introduces use of voting booths at Belgian polling stations.source
  • 1877July 9–19 – The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis. English cricketer Spencer Gore becomes first Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).source
  • 1882Battle of La Concepciónsource
  • 1886American inventor Charles Martin Hall files a patent for his inexpensive method of refining aluminium (discovered on February 23); independently and near-simultaneously discovered in France by Paul Héroult it becomes known as the Hall–Héroult process.source
  • 1892Parliament passes the Criminal Code, 1892, the first unified criminal law for all of Canada, under the direction of the Minister of Justice, John Thompsonsource
  • 1894June 28 – July 9 – Colonial Conference of 1894 held in Ottawa.source
  • 1896William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech at the Democratic National Convention, which nominates him for president of the United States.source
  • 1900The Federation of Australia is enacted, marking the unification of its colonies into a single country.source
  • 1909Vilhelm Andreas Wexelsen, bishop and politician (born 1849)source
  • 1910July 9–10 – 'Fowler's match': the Eton v Harrow cricket match at Lord's ground in London, known after the captain of Eton College, Robert St Leger Fowler, and described as "what might just be the greatest cricket match of all time".source
  • 1913The first suspected case in a Smallpox outbreak is reported. It is later confirmed and the outbreak becomes an epidemic.source
  • 1914The Emperor of Austria-Hungary receives the report of the Austro-Hungarian investigation into the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo. The Times of London publishes an account of the Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").source
  • 1915WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of German South West Africa, surrenders to General Louis Botha, between Otavi and Tsumeb.source
  • 1915German forces in German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) capitulate and the territory is occupied by South Africa.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – At least one shark mauls five swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline during the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, resulting in four deaths and the survival of one youth who required limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1921Bloody Sunday (1921) occurs in Belfast, Northern Ireland with 20 killings, at least 100 wounded and 200 homes destroyed.source
  • 1926In Portugal, General Óscar Carmona takes power in a military coup.source
  • 1926KMT launches Northern Expedition.source
  • 1929Hans Andersen Foss, author, newspaper editor and temperance leader in America (born 1851)source
  • 1929After a collision with another vessel, HMS L12, the Royal Navy submarine H47 sinks off the Pembrokeshire coast, killing 21 crewmen.source
  • 1930July 3–10 – The First Eastern Women's Congress takes place in Damascus in Syria.source
  • 1930SNNA (Serviciul Național de Navigație Aeriană, The National Air Navigation Service) becomes LANES (Liniile Aeriene Române Exploatate de Stat, Romanian State-Operated Air Lines) representing its status as a state enterprise.source
  • 1931Irish racing driver Kaye Don breaks the world water speed record at Lake Garda, Italy.source
  • 1932The Constitutionalist Revolution starts in Brazil with the uprising of the state of São Paulo.source
  • 1932Constitutionalist Revolution: The population of the state of São Paulo revolt against the 1930 coup d'état.source
  • 1932Lausanne conference ends, agreeing to cancel World War I reparations against Germany.source
  • 1934The Hitler Youth movement is prohibited in South West Africa.source
  • 1937Saadabad Pact reached with Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan.source
  • 1937July 7–9 — Marco Polo Bridge Incidentsource
  • 19371937 Fox vault fire: The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyedsource
  • 1942Şükrü Saracoğlu forms the new (13th) government in Turkey.source
  • 1947'Flying disc' photographs published in Phoenixsource
  • 1947King George VI of the United Kingdom announces the engagement of his daughter Princess Elizabeth to Lt. Philip Mountbatten.source
  • 1949Fire in Çorum passenger ship leaves 61 dead.source
  • 1953The U.S. Treasury formally renames the Bureau of Internal Revenue; the new name (which had previously been used informally) is the Internal Revenue Service.source
  • 1953Inauguration of the south lane of the Rodovia Anchieta.source
  • 1956The 7.7 Mw Amorgos earthquake shakes the Cyclades island group in the Aegean Sea, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shaking and the subsequent tsunami leave 53 people dead.source
  • 19581958 Lituya Bay megatsunami: A 7.8 Mw strike-slip earthquake in Southeast Alaska causes a landslide that produces a megatsunami. The runup from the waves reaches 525 m on the rim of Lituya Bay.source
  • 1959Wing Commander Michael Beetham flying a British Royal Air Force Vickers Valiant sets a record of 11 hours 27 minutes for a non-stop London-Cape Town flight.source
  • 1960The Belgian national airline Sabena began airlifting Belgian citizens out of the Republic of Congo. Over the next three weeks, 25,711 flew home.source
  • 1964The remains of the Revisionist Zionist leader Ze'ev Jabotinsky are transferred to Israel for burial in Jerusalem at Mount Herzl Cemetery from his original burial site in New York.source
  • 1977The Pinochet dictatorship in Chile organises the youth event of Acto de Chacarillas, a ritualised act reminiscent of Francoist Spain.source
  • 1979A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by Nazi hunters Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.source
  • 1980Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; seven people are crushed to death in a crowd waiting to see him at afternoon Mass at the stadium in Fortaleza.source
  • 1980On the 10th day of Pope John Paul II's visit to Brazil, in an effort to get good seats, the crowd at the Castelao Stadium broke down an unguarded gate and trampled those killed in the rush.source
  • 1981Donkey Kong is released in Japan by Nintendo, marking the first release in both the Donkey Kong and Mario series of games. The arcade game proves to be Nintendo's first major hit.source
  • 1982Pan Am Flight 759 (Boeing 727) crashes in Kenner, Louisiana, killing all 146 on board and 8 on the ground.source
  • 1989July 9–12 – U.S. President George H. W. Bush travels to Poland and Hungary, pushing for U.S. economic aid and investment.source
  • 1991End of Apartheid: The International Olympic Committee readmits South Africa to the Olympics. The following day, U.S. President Bush terminates 1986-enacted U.S. sanctions on South Africa.source
  • 1991Iran–Contra affair: Alan Fiers agrees to plead guilty to two charges of lying to the U.S. Congress. Later on September 16, D.C. Judge Gerhard Gesell issues a ruling clearing Col. Oliver North of all charges.source
  • 1993July 7–9 – The 19th G7 summit is held in Tokyo, Japan.source
  • 1997July 9–12: President Glafcos Clerides and his Turkish counterpart Rauf Denktaş held face-to-face talks with each other under U.N. auspices at Troutbeck, New York.source
  • 2000Mary MacMakin, a U.S. aid worker in her 70s who has spent the last 30 years in Afghanistan, is arrested in Kabul on suspicion of espionage. The U.S. government calls the accusations "ridiculous."source
  • 2001Goran Ivanišević wins the Wimbledon Men's Singles title.source
  • 2002The Church of England allows divorcees to remarry.source
  • 2011South Sudan secedes from Sudan, per the result of the independence referendum held in January.source
  • 2015July 5–13 – Greek government-debt crisis: After six months of clashes and futile negotiations between Greece's newly elected, leftist government and the country's creditors, over the austerity measures imposed through bailout programmes, tension peaks as Greece votes in a referendum to reject the terms offered in a third programme; however, the government eventually proceeds to concur to harsher terms than those offered before, in what was widely characterized as a coup on the creditors' part.source
  • 2015The first coins of the South Sudanese pound were released into circulation. They are 10, 20, and 50 Piasterssource
  • 2016Coins for £1 SSP and £2 SSP are released to complete the coin series of the South Sudanese pound.source
  • 2018Eritrea and Ethiopia officially declare an end to their twenty-year conflict.source
  • 2022July 7 – July 17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.source
  • 2023New Zealand signs a free trade agreement with the European Union, increasing bilateral trade.source

Births

  • 1212Muiz ud-Din Bahram, Indian ruler (died 1242)source
  • 1249Emperor Kameyama of Japan (died 1305)source
  • 1455Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (died 1517)source
  • 1511Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, consort of Christian III from 1525, and Queen of Denmark and Norway (died 1571)source
  • 1526Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (died 1545)source
  • 1566John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (died 1638)source
  • 1577Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English governor of Virginia (died 1618)source
  • 1578Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1637)source
  • 1654Emperor Reigen of Japan (died 1732)source
  • 1671Margareta von Ascheberg, Swedish land owner, countess and acting regimental colonel (died 1753)source
  • 1671Margareta von Ascheberg, acting colonel and landowner (died 1753)source
  • 1686Philip Livingston, American politician (died 1749)source
  • 1701Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman and Count of Maurepas (died 1781)source
  • 1750Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d'Orléans, last princess of Condé (d.1822)source
  • 1753William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, British admiral, Governor of Newfoundland (died 1825)source
  • 1764Ann Radcliffe, English Gothic novelist (died 1823)source
  • 1823July 9 (date uncertain) – Phineas Gage, improbable American head injury survivor (died 1860)source
  • 1858Franz Boas, German anthropologist (died 1942)source
  • 1916Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 2005)source
  • 1929King Hassan II of Morocco (died 1999)source
  • 1932Donald Rumsfeld, U.S. Secretary of Defense (died 2021)source
  • 1947O. J. Simpson, African-American football player and actor (died 2024)source
  • 1950Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukrainesource
  • 1955Lindsey Graham, American politician, lawyer, U.S. Army soldier, U.S. Senator (R-Sc.) and unsuccessful 2016 presidential candidate (died 2026)source
  • 1956Tom Hanks, American actor and directorsource
  • 1964Courtney Love, American musician/actresssource

Deaths

  • 230Bian, Chinese empress dowager (born 159)source
  • 518Anastasius I Dicorus, Byzantine emperorsource
  • 518Emperor Anastasius I dies childless at Constantinople, age 88, after a 27-year reign in which he has abolished the sale of offices, reformed taxation, and perfected the empire's monetary system, but antagonized some with his heretical Monophysite religious policies. He is succeeded by Justin I (Flavius Justinus), his comes excubitorum, commander of the palace guard. After his death, he leaves the imperial treasury richer by 23,000,000 solidi or 320,000 pounds of gold.source
  • 715Naga, Japanese princesource
  • 981Ramiro Garcés, king of Viguera (Spain)source
  • 1169Guido of Pisa, Italian geographersource
  • 1197Rudolf of Wied, archbishop of Triersource
  • 1228Stephen Langton, archbishop of Canterbury (born 1150)source
  • 1238William de Malveisin, bishop of St. Andrewssource
  • 1270Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (born c. 1205)source
  • 1320Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Indian ruler of the Delhi Sultanatesource
  • 1320In India's Delhi Sultanate, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah is murdered by his favourite, Khusrau Khan, who succeeds him on the throne.source
  • 1386Leopold III, Duke of Austria (in battle) (born 1351)source
  • 1441Jan van Eyck, Dutch paintersource
  • 1447Gruffudd Vychan, Welsh knight (born 1390)source
  • 1521Raffaele Riario, Italian cardinal (born 1461)source
  • 1539Adrian Fortescue, English Roman Catholic martyr (born 1476)source
  • 1552György Szondy, Hungarian soldiersource
  • 1552Sir William Brabazon, Lord Justice of Ireland.source
  • 1553Maurice, Elector of Saxony (born 1521)source
  • 1561Sebald Heyden, German musicologist and theologian (born 1499)source
  • 1706Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French soldier, ship captain, explorer, founder of Louisiana (born 1661)source
  • 1709Christopher Slaughterford of London is executed in Guildford for the murder of Jane Young, his fiancée. He is the first person in modern England executed for murder based exclusively on circumstantial evidence, and he maintains his innocence to the last.source
  • 1709Christopher Slaughterford of London is executed in Guildford for the murder of Jane Young, his fiancée. He is the first person in modern England executed for murder based exclusively on circumstantial evidence, and he maintains his innocence to the last.source
  • 1730Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (born 1661)source
  • 1737Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (born 1671)source
  • 1746King Philip V of Spain (born 1683)source
  • 1746King Philip V of Spain dies, after a reign of more than 45 years. His oldest living son succeeds him, as Ferdinand VI.source
  • 1746Philip V of Spain (born 1683)source
  • 1747Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (born 1670)source
  • 1766Jonathan Mayhew, American minister, patriot (born 1720)source
  • 1790Russo-Swedish War – Second Battle of Svensksund: In a massive Baltic Sea battle of 300 ships, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian galley fleet: 304 Swedes are killed, 3,500 Russians killed and 6,000 captured, 51 Russian galleys and other rowing craft are sunk and 22 are taken.source
  • 1797Edmund Burke, Irish philosopher (born 1723)source
  • 1828Gilbert Stuart, American painter from Rhode Island (born 1755)source
  • 1848Jaime Balmes, philosopher, theologian and political writer (born 1810)source
  • 1850The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (executed by a firing squad) (born 1819)source
  • 1850Zachary Taylor, 65, 12th President of the United States (born 1784)source
  • 1850The Báb (Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad) is executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia, for claiming to be a prophet.source
  • 1850Báb, founder of Bábism and, according to the Baháʼís, predecessor of Baháʼu'lláh.source
  • 1856Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (born 1776)source
  • 1880Paul Broca, French physician and anthropologist (born 1824)source
  • 1918James McCudden, British fighter pilot (air crash) (born 1895)source
  • 1961Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Hiss casesource
  • 1974Earl Warren, American jurist and politician, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (born 1891)source
  • 1995Sri Lankan Civil War: 125 civilians are killed in Navaly as result of bombing by the Sri Lanka Air Force.source
  • 2002Rod Steiger, 77, American actor (In the Heat of the Night, On the Waterfront, Doctor Zhivago), Oscar winner (1968), kidney failure.source