World leaders in 1891
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1891, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1891 →
Major powers in 1891
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Benjamin Harrison
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Alexander III
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Guangxu
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Marie François Sadi Carnot
- President of the Council of ministers
- Charles de Freycinet
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Leo von Caprivi
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Meiji
- Prime minister
- Yamagata Aritomo, then Matsukata Masayoshi
Africa
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
Buganda
- Kabaka
- Mwanga II
Congo Free State
- Sovereign
- Leopold II of Belgium
Ethiopian Empire
- Emperor
- Menelik II
Khedivate of EgyptEgypt history
- Khedive
- Tewfik Pasha
- Prime minister
- Riaz Pasha, then Mostafa Fahmy Pasha
Kingdom of AshantiGhana history
- Asantehene
- Prempeh I
Kingdom of Kaffa
- King
- Gaki Sherocho
Kingdom of Rwanda
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- Hilary R. W. Johnson
Merina Kingdom
- Queen
- Ranavalona III
- Prime minister
- Rainilaiarivony
Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Hassan I
Sokoto CaliphateNigeria history
- Sultan
- Abdur Rahman Atiku
Sultanate of Mwali
- Queen/Sultan
- Salima Machamba
Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Sultan
- Ali I
Americas
Argentine RepublicArgentina history
- President
- Carlos Pellegrini
CanadaCanada history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- John A. Macdonald, then John Abbott
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Carlos Ezeta
First Brazilian RepublicBrazil history
- President
- Deodoro da Fonseca, then Floriano Peixoto
First Costa Rican RepublicCosta Rica history
- President
- José Rodríguez Zeledón
HondurasHonduras history
- President
- Luis Bográn, then Ponciano Leiva
Liberal Republic of ChileChile history
- President
- José Manuel Balmaceda
NicaraguaNicaragua history
- Acting President
- Roberto Sacasa
- President
- Ignacio Chaves López, then Roberto Sacasa
Oriental Republic of UruguayUruguay history
- President
- Julio Herrera y Obes
Parliamentary Era ChileChile history
- President
- Jorge Montt
Republic of BoliviaBolivia history
- President
- Aniceto Arce
Republic of ColombiaColombia history
- President
- Rafael Núñez
Republic of EcuadorEcuador history
- President
- Antonio Flores Jijón
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- Juan Gualberto González
Republic of PeruPeru history
- Constitutional President
- Remigio Morales Bermúdez
Second Dominican RepublicDominican Republic history
- President
- Ulises Heureaux
Second Haitian RepublicHaiti history
- President
- Florvil Hyppolite
United Mexican StatesMexico history
- President
- Porfirio Díaz
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Benjamin Harrison
Asia
Aceh SultanateIndonesia history
Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynastyAfghanistan history
Emirate of BukharaUzbekistan history
Emirate of NejdSaudi Arabia history
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Meiji
- Prime minister
- Yamagata Aritomo, then Matsukata Masayoshi
Hakims of BahrainBahrain history
Joseon
- King
- Gojong
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Kingdom of ChampasakLaos history
- King
- Kham Souk
Negeri SembilanMalaysia history
- Yamtuan
- Muhammad
Ottoman EmpireTurkey history
- Sultan
- Abdul Hamid II
- Grand Vizier
- Kâmil Pasha, then Ahmed Cevad Pasha
Perak Sultanate: Siak dynastyMalaysia history
Protectorate of BruneiBrunei history
QatarQatar history
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Guangxu
Rattanakosin Kingdom of SiamThailand history
- King
- Chulalongkorn
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Abdul Samad
Sheikhdom of Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of AjmanUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of DubaiUnited Arab Emirates history
- ruler
- Rashid bin Maktoum
Sheikhdom of FujairahUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Abdullah II
Sheikhdom of Ras Al KhaimahUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of Umm Al QuwainUnited Arab Emirates history
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman: Al Busaidi dynastyOman history
- Sultan
- Faisal
Surakarta SunanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakubuwono IX
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Zainal Abidin III
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono VII
Europe
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Salvador Casañas y Pagés
- French Co-Prince
- Marie François Sadi Carnot
Austria-Hungary: Archduchy/ Austrian Empire/ Kingdom of Hungary
- Emperor and King
- Franz Joseph I
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Leopold II
- Prime minister
- Auguste Beernaert
Bourbon Restoration of SpainSpain history
- King
- Alfonso XIII
- Prime minister
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Christian IX
- Council president
- Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Marie François Sadi Carnot
- President of the Council of ministers
- Charles de Freycinet
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Leo von Caprivi
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
- Grand Duke
- Peter II
Kingdom of Bohemia
- King
- Francis Joseph
Kingdom of Croatia-SlavoniaCroatia history
- King
- Franz Joseph
Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaUkraine history
- King
- Francis Joseph I
Kingdom of GreeceGreece history
- King
- George I
- Prime minister
- Theodoros Deligiannis
Kingdom of ItalyItaly history
- King
- Umberto I
- Prime minister
- Francesco Crispi, then Antonio Starabba
Kingdom of PortugalPortugal history
- King
- Carlos I
- Prime minister
- João Crisóstomo
Kingdom of RomaniaRomania history
- King
- Charles I
Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia history
- President of the ministry
- Nikola Pašić
Kingdom of the NetherlandsNetherlands history
- Queen
- Wilhelmina
- Prime minister
- Æneas Mackay, then Gijsbert van Tienhoven
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Johann II
LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duke
- Adolphe
- Prime minister
- Paul Eyschen
Monaco
- Prince
- Albert I
Papal States
- Pope
- Leo XIII
Principality of BulgariaBulgaria history
- Prince
- Ferdinand I
Principality of MontenegroMontenegro history
- President
- Božo Petrović-Njegoš
Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Prince
- George Victor
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Alexander III
Sweden–Norway
- King
- Oscar II
- Prime minister
- Gustaf Åkerhielm, then Gregers Gram, then Emil Stang, then Erik Gustaf Boström, then Otto Blehr, then Johannes Steen
SwitzerlandSwitzerland history
- President of the Confederation
- Emil Welti
United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
Oceania
Hawaiian KingdomUnited States history
- King
- Kalākaua