World leaders in 1909
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1909, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1909 →
Major powers in 1909
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Theodore Roosevelt, then William Howard Taft
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- King
- Edward VII
- Prime minister
- H. H. Asquith
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas II
- Chairman of council of ministers
- Pyotr Stolypin
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Puyi
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Armand Fallières
- President of the Council of ministers
- Georges Clemenceau, then Aristide Briand
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Bernhard von Bülow, then Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Meiji
- Prime minister
- Katsura Tarō
Africa
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
Ethiopian Empire
- Emperor
- Menelik II
Khedivate of EgyptEgypt history
- Khedive
- Abbas II
- Prime minister
- Boutros Ghali
Kingdom of Rwanda
- King
- Yuhi V Musinga
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- Arthur Barclay
Sultanate of Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Abdelhafid
Sultanate of Mwali
- Queen/Sultan
- Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara
Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Sultan
- Ali II
Americas
Argentine RepublicArgentina history
- President
- José Figueroa Alcorta
BoliviaBolivia history
- President
- Ismael Montes, then Eliodoro Villazón
CanadaCanada history
- Prime minister
- Wilfrid Laurier
Dominion of NewfoundlandCanada history
- King
- Edward VII
- Prime minister
- Robert Bond, then Edward Morris
EcuadorEcuador history
- President
- Eloy Alfaro
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Fernando Figueroa
First Brazilian RepublicBrazil history
- President
- Afonso Pena, then Nilo Peçanha
First Costa Rican RepublicCosta Rica history
- President
- Cleto González Víquez
GuatemalaGuatemala history
- President
- Manuel Estrada Cabrera
HondurasHonduras history
- President
- Miguel R. Dávila
MexicoMexico history
- President
- Porfirio Díaz
NicaraguaNicaragua history
- President
- José Santos Zelaya
- Acting President
- José Madriz
Parliamentary Era ChileChile history
- President
- Pedro Montt
Republic of ColombiaColombia history
- President
- Rafael Reyes Prieto, then Ramón González Valencia
Republic of CubaCuba history
- President
- José Miguel Gómez
Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)Haiti history
- President
- François C. Antoine Simon
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- Emiliano González Navero
Republic of PeruPeru history
- Constitutional President
- Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
Second Dominican RepublicDominican Republic history
- President
- Ramón Cáceres
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Theodore Roosevelt, then William Howard Taft
United States of VenezuelaVenezuela history
- President
- Juan Vicente Gómez
Asia
Emirate of Abu DhabiTurkey history
Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynastyAfghanistan history
- Emir
- Habibullah Khan
Emirate of AjmanTurkey history
Emirate of BukharaUzbekistan history
Emirate of DubaiTurkey history
Emirate of FujairahTurkey history
Emirate of SharjahTurkey history
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Meiji
- Prime minister
- Katsura Tarō
French Protectorate of Luang PhrabangLaos history
- King of Luang Phrabang
- Sisavang Vong
Hakims of BahrainBahrain history
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Khanate of KhivaUzbekistan history
- ., Khan (Feruz Khan), Khan
- Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II
Korean Empire
- Emperor
- Sunjong
Negeri SembilanMalaysia history
- Yamtuan
- Muhammad
Nguyễn dynastyVietnam history
- Emperor
- Duy Tân
Ottoman (Turkish) EmpireTurkey history
- Sultan
- Abdul Hamid II, then Mehmed V
- Grand Vizier
- Kâmil Pasha, then Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, then Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
PakualamanIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakualam VII
Perak Sultanate: Siak dynastyMalaysia history
Protectorate of BruneiBrunei history
- Sultan
- Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
QatarQatar history
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Puyi
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia history
- Emir
- Ibn Saud
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Sulaiman
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Mubarak I
Siam/Thailand: Rattanakosin KingdomThailand history
- King
- Chulalongkorn
Sublime State of Persia: Qajar dynastyIran history
- Shah
- Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, then Ahmad Shah Qajar
Sultanate/ State of Muscat and OmanOman history
- Sultan
- Faisal
Surakarta SunanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakubuwono X
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Zainal Abidin III
Umm Al QuwainTurkey history
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono VII
Europe
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Juan Benlloch i Vivó
- French Co-Prince
- Armand Fallières
Austria-Hungary: Austrian Empire and Kingdom of HungaryAustria history
- Emperor
- Franz Joseph I
- Prime Minister
- Sándor Wekerle
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Leopold II, then Albert I
- Prime minister
- Frans Schollaert
Bourbon Restoration of SpainSpain history
- King
- Alfonso XIII
- Prime minister
- Antonio Maura, then Segismundo Moret
Duchy of AnhaltGermany history
- Duke
- Frederick II
Fascist Italy (1922–1943)Italy history
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Armand Fallières
- President of the Council of ministers
- Georges Clemenceau, then Aristide Briand
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Bernhard von Bülow, then Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Grand Duchy of FinlandFinland history
- Grand Prince
- Nicholas II
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duke
- William IV
- Prime minister
- Paul Eyschen
Kingdom of BavariaGermany history
- King
- Otto
Kingdom of Bohemia
- King
- Franz Joseph I
Kingdom of BulgariaBulgaria history
- Tsar
- Ferdinand I
- Prime minister
- Aleksandar Malinov
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- King
- Franz Joseph
- Ban
- Pavao Rauch
Kingdom of DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Frederik VIII
- Council president
- Niels Neergaard, then Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, then Carl Theodor Zahle
Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaUkraine history
- King
- Francis Joseph I
Kingdom of GreeceGreece history
- King
- George I
- Prime minister
- Georgios Theotokis, then Dimitrios Rallis, then Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis
Kingdom of ItalyItaly history
- Prime minister
- Giovanni Giolitti, then Sidney Sonnino
Kingdom of NorwayNorway history
- King
- Haakon VII
- Prime minister
- Gunnar Knudsen
Kingdom of PortugalPortugal history
- King
- Manuel II
Kingdom of RomaniaRomania history
- King
- Charles I
- Prime minister
- Ion I. C. Brătianu
Kingdom of Serbia / Yugoslavia: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Prime minister
- Petar Velimirović, then Nikola Pašić
Kingdom of SwedenSweden history
- King
- Gustaf V
- Prime minister
- Arvid Lindman
Kingdom of WürttembergGermany history
- King
- William II
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Johann II
- Governor
- Carl von In der Maur
Monaco
- Prince
- Albert I
NetherlandsNetherlands history
- Queen
- Wilhelmina
- Prime minister
- Theo Heemskerk
Principality of Montenegro
- President
- Lazar Tomanović
Principality of Waldeck and PyrmontGermany history
- Prince
- Friedrich
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas II
- Chairman of council of ministers
- Pyotr Stolypin
Saxe-Coburg and GothaGermany history
- Duke
- Charles Edward
SwitzerlandSwitzerland history
- President of the Confederation
- Adolf Deucher
United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- King
- Edward VII
- Prime minister
- H. H. Asquith
Oceania
AustraliaAustralia history
- King
- Edward VII
- Prime minister
- Andrew Fisher, then Alfred Deakin
Dominion of New ZealandNew Zealand history
- King
- Edward VII
- Prime minister
- Joseph Ward
Kings of Uvea (Wallis)
Tuʻi Kanokupolu of TongaTonga history
- King
- George Tupou II