World leaders in 1912
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1912, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1912 →
Major powers in 1912
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- William Howard Taft
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- H. H. Asquith
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas II
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Puyi
Republic of China (1912–1915)China history
- Provisional President
- Sun Yat-sen
- President
- Yuan Shikai
- Premier
- Tang Shaoyi, then Lu Zhengxiang, then Zhao Bingjun
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Armand Fallières
- President of the Council of ministers
- Joseph Caillaux, then Raymond Poincaré
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Prime minister
- Saionji Kinmochi, then Katsura Tarō
Africa
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
Ethiopian Empire
- Emperor
- Menelik II
Khedivate of EgyptEgypt history
- Khedive
- Abbas II
- Prime minister
- Mohamed Said Pasha
Kingdom of Rwanda
- King
- Yuhi V Musinga
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- Arthur Barclay, then Daniel Edward Howard
Sultanate of Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Abdelhafid, then Yusef
Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Sultan
- Khalifa II
Union of South AfricaSouth Africa history
- King
- George V
Americas
Argentine RepublicArgentina history
- President
- Roque Sáenz Peña
BoliviaBolivia history
- President
- Eliodoro Villazón
CanadaCanada history
- Prime minister
- Robert Borden
Dominion of NewfoundlandCanada history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Edward Morris
EcuadorEcuador history
- Acting President
- Alfredo Baquerizo
- President
- Leónidas Plaza
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Manuel Enrique Araujo
First Brazilian RepublicBrazil history
- President
- Hermes da Fonseca
First Costa Rican RepublicCosta Rica history
- President
- Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno
GuatemalaGuatemala history
- President
- Manuel Estrada Cabrera
HondurasHonduras history
- Acting President
- Francisco Bertrand
- President
- Manuel Bonilla
MexicoMexico history
- President
- Francisco I. Madero
NicaraguaNicaragua history
- President
- Adolfo Díaz
PanamaPanama history
- Acting President
- Pablo Arosemena
Parliamentary Era ChileChile history
- President
- Ramón Barros Luco
Republic of CubaCuba history
- President
- José Miguel Gómez
Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)Haiti history
- President
- Cincinnatus Leconte, then Tancrède Auguste
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- Liberato Marcial Rojas, then Pedro Peña, then Emiliano González Navero, then Eduardo Schaerer
Republic of PeruPeru history
- Constitutional President
- Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, then Guillermo Billinghurst
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- William Howard Taft
United States of VenezuelaVenezuela history
- President
- Juan Vicente Gómez
UruguayUruguay history
- President
- José Batlle y Ordóñez
Asia
Bogd Khanate of MongoliaMongolia history
- Khagan
- Bogd Khan
Emirate of Abu DhabiTurkey history
Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynastyAfghanistan history
- Emir
- Habibullah Khan
Emirate of AjmanTurkey history
Emirate of BukharaUzbekistan history
Emirate of DubaiTurkey history
Emirate of FujairahTurkey history
Emirate of SharjahTurkey history
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Prime minister
- Saionji Kinmochi, then Katsura Tarō
French Protectorate of Luang PhrabangLaos history
- King of Luang Phrabang
- Sisavang Vong
Hakims of BahrainBahrain history
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Khanate of KhivaUzbekistan history
Negeri SembilanMalaysia history
- Yamtuan
- Muhammad
Nguyễn dynastyVietnam history
- Emperor
- Duy Tân
Ottoman (Turkish) EmpireTurkey history
- Sultan
- Mehmed V
- Grand Vizier
- Mehmed Said Pasha, then Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, then Kâmil Pasha
PakualamanIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakualam VII
Perak Sultanate: Siak dynastyMalaysia history
Protectorate of BruneiBrunei history
- Sultan
- Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
QatarQatar history
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Puyi
Republic of China (1912–1915)China history
- Provisional President
- Sun Yat-sen
- President
- Yuan Shikai
- Premier
- Tang Shaoyi, then Lu Zhengxiang, then Zhao Bingjun
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia history
- Emir
- Ibn Saud
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Sulaiman
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Mubarak I
Siam/Thailand: Rattanakosin KingdomThailand history
- King
- Vajiravudh
Sublime State of Persia: Qajar dynastyIran history
- Shah
- Ahmad Shah Qajar
Sultanate/ State of Muscat and OmanOman history
- Sultan
- Faisal
Surakarta SunanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakubuwono X
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Zainal Abidin III
Umm Al QuwainTurkey history
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono VII
Europe
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Juan Benlloch i Vivó
- French Co-Prince
- Armand Fallières
Austria-Hungary: Austrian Empire and Kingdom of HungaryAustria history
- Emperor
- Franz Joseph I
- Prime Minister
- Károly Khuen-Héderváry, then László Lukács
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Albert I
- Prime minister
- Charles de Broqueville
Bourbon Restoration of SpainSpain history
- King
- Alfonso XIII
- Prime minister
- José Canalejas, then Manuel García-Prieto, then Álvaro de Figueroa
Duchy of AnhaltGermany history
- Duke
- Frederick II
Fascist Italy (1922–1943)Italy history
First Portuguese RepublicPortugal history
- President
- Manuel de Arriaga
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Armand Fallières
- President of the Council of ministers
- Joseph Caillaux, then Raymond Poincaré
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Grand Duchy of FinlandFinland history
- Grand Prince
- Nicholas II
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duke
- William IV
- Grand Duchess
- Marie-Adélaïde
- Prime minister
- Paul Eyschen
Independent Albania / Provisional GovernmentAlbania history
- President
- Ismail Kemal
- Prime minister
- Ismail Kemal
Kingdom of BavariaGermany history
- King
- Otto
Kingdom of Bohemia
- King
- Franz Joseph I
Kingdom of BulgariaBulgaria history
- Tsar
- Ferdinand I
- Prime minister
- Ivan Evstratiev Geshov
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- King
- Franz Joseph
- Ban
- Nikola Tomašić, then Slavko Cuvaj
Kingdom of DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Frederik VIII, then Christian X
- Council president
- Klaus Berntsen
Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaUkraine history
- King
- Francis Joseph I
Kingdom of GreeceGreece history
- King
- George I
- Prime minister
- Eleftherios Venizelos
Kingdom of ItalyItaly history
- Prime minister
- Giovanni Giolitti
Kingdom of Montenegro
- President
- Lazar Tomanović, then Mitar Martinović
Kingdom of NorwayNorway history
- King
- Haakon VII
- Prime minister
- Wollert Konow, then Jens Bratlie
Kingdom of RomaniaRomania history
- King
- Charles I
- Prime minister
- Petre P. Carp, then Titu Maiorescu
Kingdom of Serbia / Yugoslavia: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Prime minister
- Marko Trifković
Kingdom of SwedenSweden history
- King
- Gustaf V
- Prime minister
- Karl Staaff
Kingdom of WürttembergGermany history
- King
- William II
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Johann II
- Governor
- Carl von In der Maur
Monaco
- Prince
- Albert I
- Minister of state
- Émile Flach
NetherlandsNetherlands history
- Queen
- Wilhelmina
- Prime minister
- Theo Heemskerk
Principality of Waldeck and PyrmontGermany history
- Prince
- Friedrich
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas II
Saxe-Coburg and GothaGermany history
- Duke
- Charles Edward
SwitzerlandSwitzerland history
- President of the Confederation
- Ludwig Forrer
United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- H. H. Asquith
Oceania
AustraliaAustralia history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Andrew Fisher
Dominion of New ZealandNew Zealand history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Joseph Ward, then Thomas Mackenzie, then William Massey
Kings of Uvea (Wallis)
Tuʻi Kanokupolu of TongaTonga history
- King
- George Tupou II