World leaders in 1931
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1931, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1931 →
Major powers in 1931
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Herbert Hoover
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Ramsay MacDonald
Soviet UnionRussia history
- General Secretary
- Joseph Stalin
- Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets
- Mikhail Kalinin
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
- Vyacheslav Molotov
Republic of China (1916–1949)China history
- Chairmen
- Chiang Kai-shek
- Premier
- Chiang Kai-shek, then Chen Mingshu
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Gaston Doumergue, then Paul Doumer
- President of the Council of ministers
- Théodore Steeg, then Pierre Laval
Weimar Republic of GermanyGermany history
- President
- Paul von Hindenburg
- Chancellor
- Heinrich Brüning
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Hirohito
- Prime minister
- Osachi Hamaguchi, then Wakatsuki Reijirō, then Inukai Tsuyoshi
- Acting Prime minister
- Kijūrō Shidehara
Africa
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
- Prime minister
- Khelil Bouhageb
Ethiopian Empire
- Emperor
- Haile Selassie I
Kingdom of EgyptEgypt history
- Prime minister
- Ismail Sedky
Kingdom of Rwanda
- King
- Yuhi V Musinga, then Mutara III Rudahigwa
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- Edwin Barclay
Sultanate of Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Mohammed V
Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Sultan
- Khalifa II
Union of South AfricaSouth Africa history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- J. B. M. Hertzog
Americas
Argentine RepublicArgentina history
- President
- José Félix Uriburu
BoliviaBolivia history
- Chairman of the Military Government Junta
- Carlos Blanco Galindo
- President
- Daniel Salamanca Urey
CanadaCanada history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- R. B. Bennett
EcuadorEcuador history
- President
- Isidro Ayora
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Pío Romero Bosque, then Arturo Araujo
- Provisional President
- Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
First Costa Rican RepublicCosta Rica history
- President
- Cleto González Víquez
GuatemalaGuatemala history
- President
- Lázaro Chacón González, then Jorge Ubico
- Acting President
- José María Reina Andrade
HondurasHonduras history
- President
- Vicente Mejía Colindres
MexicoMexico history
- President
- Pascual Ortiz Rubio
NicaraguaNicaragua history
- President
- José María Moncada
PanamaPanama history
- Acting President
- Harmodio Arias Madrid
- President
- Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované
Presidential Republic (1925–1973) of ChileChile history
- President
- Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, then Juan Esteban Montero
Republic of ColombiaColombia history
- President
- Enrique Olaya Herrera
Republic of CubaCuba history
- President
- Gerardo Machado
Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)Haiti history
- President
- Sténio Vincent
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- José Guggiari
Republic of PeruPeru history
- President of the Provisional Government Junta
- Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, then Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias, then Gustavo Jiménez
- President of the Southern Junta
- David Samanez Ocampo
- Constitutional President
- Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
Third Dominican RepublicDominican Republic history
- President
- Rafael Trujillo
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Herbert Hoover
United States of VenezuelaVenezuela history
- President
- Juan Bautista Pérez, then Juan Vicente Gómez
Vargas Era BrazilBrazil history
- President
- Getúlio Vargas
Asia
Emirate of Abu DhabiTurkey history
Emirate of AjmanTurkey history
Emirate of DubaiTurkey history
Emirate of FujairahTurkey history
Emirate of Nejd and HasaSaudi Arabia history
- King
- Ibn Saud
Emirate of Ras Al KhaimahTurkey history
Emirate of SharjahTurkey history
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Hirohito
- Prime minister
- Osachi Hamaguchi, then Wakatsuki Reijirō, then Inukai Tsuyoshi
- Acting Prime minister
- Kijūrō Shidehara
French Protectorate of CambodiaCambodia history
French Protectorate of Luang PhrabangLaos history
- King of Luang Phrabang
- Sisavang Vong
Imperial State of Iran: Pahlavi dynastyIran history
- Shah
- Reza Pahlavi
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Kingdom of AfghanistanAfghanistan history
- Prime minister
- Mohammad Hashim Khan
Mandatory Iraq: Kingdom of Iraq under British AdministrationIraq history
- King
- Faisal I
- Prime minister
- Nuri al-Said
Negeri SembilanMalaysia history
- Yamtuan
- Muhammad
Nguyễn dynastyVietnam history
- Emperor
- Bảo Đại
North Yemen: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of YemenYemen history
PakualamanIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakualam VII
Perak Sultanate: Siak dynastyMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Iskandar
Protectorate of BruneiBrunei history
- Sultan
- Ahmad Tajuddin
QatarQatar history
Republic of China (1916–1949)China history
- Chairmen
- Chiang Kai-shek
- Premier
- Chiang Kai-shek, then Chen Mingshu
Republic of TurkeyTurkey history
- President
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Sulaiman
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Ahmad I
Siam/Thailand: Rattanakosin KingdomThailand history
- King
- Prajadhipok
Sultanate of Siak Sri IndrapuraIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Syarif Kasim II
Sultanate/ State of Muscat and OmanOman history
- Sultan
- Taimur
Surakarta SunanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakubuwono X
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
Umm Al QuwainTurkey history
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono VIII
Europe
Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)Albania history
- Prime minister
- Pandeli Evangjeli
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Justí Guitart i Vilardebó
- French Co-Prince
- Gaston Doumergue, then Paul Doumer
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Albert I
- Prime minister
- Henri Jaspar, then Jules Renkin
Bourbon Restoration of SpainSpain history
- King
- Alfonso XIII
- Prime minister
- Dámaso Berenguer, then Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
Czechoslovakia: First Republic
- President
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
- Prime Minister
- František Udržal
Ditadura Nacional of PortugalPortugal history
- President
- Óscar Carmona
- President of Ministry
- Domingos Oliveira
Fascist Italy (1922–1943)Italy history
- Prime Minister
- Benito Mussolini
First Austrian Republic/ Federal State of AustriaAustria history
- Chancellor
- Otto Ender
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Gaston Doumergue, then Paul Doumer
- President of the Council of ministers
- Théodore Steeg, then Pierre Laval
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duchess
- Charlotte
- Prime minister
- Joseph Bech
Irish Free StateIreland history
- King
- George V
- President of the Executive Council
- W. T. Cosgrave
Kingdom of BulgariaBulgaria history
- Tsar
- Boris III
- Prime minister
- Andrey Lyapchev, then Aleksandar Malinov, then Nikola Mushanov
Kingdom of DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Christian X
- Prime minister
- Thorvald Stauning
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)Hungary history
- Regent
- Miklós Horthy
- Prime minister
- István Bethlen, then Gyula Károlyi
Kingdom of IcelandIceland history
- King
- Christian X
- Prime minister
- Tryggvi Þórhallsson
Kingdom of ItalyItaly history
- Prime minister
- Benito Mussolini
Kingdom of NorwayNorway history
- King
- Haakon VII
- Prime minister
- Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, then Peder Kolstad
Kingdom of RomaniaRomania history
- King
- Carol II
- Prime minister
- Gheorghe Mironescu, then Nicolae Iorga
Kingdom of Serbia / Yugoslavia: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Prime minister
- Petar Živković
Kingdom of SwedenSweden history
- King
- Gustaf V
- Prime minister
- Carl Gustaf Ekman
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Franz I
- Prime Minister
- Josef Hoop
Monaco
- Prince
- Louis II
- Minister of state
- Maurice Piette
NetherlandsNetherlands history
- Queen
- Wilhelmina
- Prime minister
- Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
Republic of EstoniaEstonia history
- State Elder
- Otto Strandman, then Konstantin Päts
Republic of FinlandFinland history
- President
- Lauri Kristian Relander, then Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
- Prime minister
- Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, then Juho Sunila
Republic of LatviaLatvia history
- President
- Alberts Kviesis
- Prime minister
- Hugo Celmiņš, then Kārlis Ulmanis, then Marģers Skujenieks
Republic of LithuaniaLithuania history
- President
- Antanas Smetona
Second Hellenic RepublicGreece history
- President
- Alexandros Zaimis
- Prime minister
- Eleftherios Venizelos
Second Polish RepublicPoland history
- President
- Ignacy Mościcki
- Prime minister
- Walery Sławek, then Aleksander Prystor
Second Spanish RepublicSpain history
- President
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
- Prime minister
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, then Manuel Azaña
Soviet UnionRussia history
- General Secretary
- Joseph Stalin
- Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets
- Mikhail Kalinin
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
- Vyacheslav Molotov
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Ramsay MacDonald
Vatican City
- Sovereign
- Pius XI
Weimar Republic of GermanyGermany history
- President
- Paul von Hindenburg
- Chancellor
- Heinrich Brüning
Oceania
AustraliaAustralia history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- James Scullin
Dominion of New ZealandNew Zealand history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- George Forbes
Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)Tonga history
- King
- Sālote Tupou III
- Prime minister
- Viliami Tungi Mailefihi