World leaders in 1985

Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1985, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1985 →

Major powers in 1985

United StatesUnited States history

President: Ronald Reagan

United KingdomUnited Kingdom history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Margaret Thatcher

Soviet UnionRussia history

General Secretary: Konstantin Chernenko, then Mikhail Gorbachev
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet: Konstantin Chernenko, then Andrei Gromyko
Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Nikolai Tikhonov, then Nikolai Ryzhkov

People's Republic of ChinaChina history

Paramount Leader: Deng Xiaoping
General Secretary: Hu Yaobang
President: Li Xiannian

FranceFrance history

President: François Mitterrand
Prime minister: Laurent Fabius

East GermanyGermany history

Chairmen of the State Council: Erich Honecker
Chairman: Willi Stoph

West GermanyGermany history

President of West Germany: Richard von Weizsäcker
Chancellor of West Germany: Helmut Kohl

JapanJapan history

Emperor: Hirohito

Republic of IndiaIndia history

President: Zail Singh
Prime minister: Rajiv Gandhi

Africa

Arab Republic of EgyptEgypt history

President: Hosni Mubarak
Prime minister: Kamal Hassan Ali, then Aly Lotfy Mahmoud

Central African Republic

President: André Kolingba

CiskeiSouth Africa history

President: Lennox Sebe

Democratic Republic of MadagascarMadagascar history

President of Supreme Revolutionary Council: Didier Ratsiraka

Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe

President: Manuel Pinto da Costa

Democratic Republic of the SudanSudan history

President: Gaafar Nimeiry
Prime minister: Gaafar Nimeiry

Derg: Provisional Military Government of Socialist EthiopiaEthiopia history

Chairmen: Mengistu Haile Mariam

Equatorial Guinea

President: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Prime minister: Cristino Seriche Bioko

Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

President: Ahmed Abdallah

Federal Republic of Nigeria: Fourth RepublicNigeria history

Military Head of State: Muhammadu Buhari, then Ibrahim Babangida

GabonGabon history

President: Omar Bongo
Prime minister: Léon Mébiame

Guinea-Bissau

President: João Bernardo Vieira

Islamic Republic of MauritaniaMauritania history

Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation: Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
Prime minister: Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya

KenyaKenya history

President: Daniel arap Moi

Kingdom of LesothoLesotho history

King: Moshoeshoe II

Libyan Arab Republic / Socialist People's Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya history

Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution: Muammar Gaddafi

Mauritius (Commonwealth realm)Mauritius history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Anerood Jugnauth

People's Democratic Republic of AlgeriaAlgeria history

President: Chadli Bendjedid
Prime minister: Abdelhamid Brahimi

People's Republic of AngolaAngola history

President: José Eduardo dos Santos

People's Republic of BeninBenin history

President: Mathieu Kérékou

People's Republic of MozambiqueMozambique history

President: Samora Machel

People's Republic of the Congo

Prime minister: Ange Édouard Poungui

Republic of BotswanaBotswana history

President: Quett Masire

Republic of Burkina FasoBurkina Faso history

President: Thomas Sankara

Republic of BurundiBurundi history

President: Jean-Baptiste Bagaza

Republic of CameroonCameroon history

President: Paul Biya

Republic of Cape VerdeCape Verde history

President: Aristides Pereira
Prime minister: Pedro Pires

Republic of ChadChad history

President: Hissène Habré

Republic of DjiboutiDjibouti history

President: Hassan Gouled Aptidon
Prime minister: Barkat Gourad Hamadou

Republic of GhanaGhana history

Military Head of State: Jerry Rawlings

Republic of GuineaGuinea history

President: Lansana Conté

Republic of Ivory CoastIvory Coast history

President: Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Republic of MalawiMalawi history

President: Hastings Banda

Republic of MaliMali history

President: Moussa Traoré

Republic of RwandaRwanda history

President: Juvénal Habyarimana

Republic of Seychelles

President: France-Albert René

Republic of Sierra LeoneSierra Leone history

President: Siaka Stevens, then Joseph Saidu Momoh

Republic of South AfricaSouth Africa history

State President: P. W. Botha

Republic of the GambiaGambia history

President: Dawda Jawara

Republic of the NigerNiger history

Prime minister: Hamid Algabid

Republic of the SudanSudan history

President: Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab

Republic of TunisiaTunisia history

President: Habib Bourguiba
Prime minister: Mohammed Mzali

Republic of Uganda

President: Milton Obote, then Tito Okello
de facto Head of state: Bazilio Olara-Okello
Prime minister: Abraham Waligo

Republic of ZambiaZambia history

President: Kenneth Kaunda
Prime minister: Nalumino Mundia, then Kebby Musokotwane

Republic of Zimbabwe

President: Canaan Banana
Prime minister: Robert Mugabe

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western SaharaMorocco history

President: Mohamed Abdelaziz

Senegambia ConfederationSenegal history

President: Abdou Diouf

Somali Democratic RepublicSomalia history

President: Siad Barre

Sultanate/ Kingdom of MoroccoMorocco history

King: Hassan II
Prime minister: Mohammed Karim Lamrani

Togolese RepublicTogo history

President: Gnassingbé Eyadéma

United Republic of TanzaniaTanzania history

President: Julius Nyerere, then Ali Hassan Mwinyi
Prime minister: Salim Ahmed Salim, then Joseph Warioba

Zaire

President: Mobutu Sese Seko
First state commissioner: Léon Kengo

Americas

Antigua and Barbuda

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Vere Bird

ArgentinaArgentina history

President: Raúl Alfonsín

BarbadosBarbados history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Tom Adams

BelizeBelize history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Manuel Esquivel

BoliviaBolivia history

President: Hernán Siles Zuazo, then Víctor Paz Estenssoro

Brazilian Military regimeBrazil history

President: João Figueiredo

CanadaCanada history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Brian Mulroney

Civic-Military Dictatorship of UruguayUruguay history

Acting President: Gregorio Conrado Álvarez

Co-operative Republic of GuyanaGuyana history

President: Forbes Burnham, then Desmond Hoyte
Prime minister: Desmond Hoyte

ColombiaColombia history

President: Belisario Betancur Cuartas

Dominica

Prime minister: Eugenia Charles

Duvalier dynasty, HaitiHaiti history

President for Life: Jean-Claude Duvalier

EcuadorEcuador history

President: León Febres Cordero

El SalvadorEl Salvador history

President: José Napoleón Duarte

El Stronato: ParaguayParaguay history

President: Alfredo Stroessner

Federative Republic of BrazilBrazil history

President: José Sarney

Fourth Dominican RepublicDominican Republic history

President: Salvador Jorge Blanco

Grenada

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Herbert Blaize

GuatemalaGuatemala history

President: Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores

HondurasHonduras history

President: Roberto Suazo Córdova

JamaicaJamaica history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Edward Seaga

MexicoMexico history

President: Miguel de la Madrid

Military Dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)Chile history

President: Augusto Pinochet

NicaraguaNicaragua history

President: Daniel Ortega

Oriental Republic of UruguayUruguay history

Acting President: Rafael Addiego Bruno
President: Julio María Sanguinetti

PanamaPanama history

Acting President: Eric Arturo Delvalle

Republic of Costa RicaCosta Rica history

President: Luis Monge Álvarez

Republic of CubaCuba history

President of the Council of State: Fidel Castro
President of the Council of Ministers: Fidel Castro

Republic of PeruPeru history

Constitutional President: Fernando Belaúnde Terry, then Alan García Pérez
Prime Minister: Luis Pércovich Roca, then Luis Alva Castro

Republic of SurinameSuriname history

President: Fred Ramdat Misier
Prime minister: Willem Alfred Udenhout

Republic of Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago history

President: Ellis Clarke

Republic of VenezuelaVenezuela history

President: Jaime Lusinchi

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Kennedy Simmonds

Saint Lucia

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: John Compton

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: James Fitz-Allen Mitchell

The Bahamas

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Lynden Pindling

United StatesUnited States history

President: Ronald Reagan

Asia

Ba'athist IraqIraq history

President: Saddam Hussein
Prime minister: Saddam Hussein

BangladeshBangladesh history

President: Hussain Muhammad Ershad

BhutanBhutan history

Druk Gyalpo: Jigme Singye Wangchuck

Democratic Republic of AfghanistanAfghanistan history

General Secretary: Babrak Karmal
Chairman: Babrak Karmal

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri LankaSri Lanka history

President: Junius Richard Jayewardene
Prime minister: Ranasinghe Premadasa

Emirate of Ras Al KhaimahUnited Arab Emirates history

ruler: Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi

Hakims of Bahrain/ State of BahrainBahrain history

Emir: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Prime minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

Islamic Republic of IranIran history

Supreme Leader: Ruhollah Khomeini
President: Ali Khamenei
Prime minister: Mir-Hossein Mousavi

Islamic Republic of PakistanPakistan history

President: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Prime minister: Muhammad Khan Junejo

IsraelIsrael history

President: Chaim Herzog
Prime minister: Shimon Peres

JapanJapan history

Emperor: Hirohito

Kingdom of JordanJordan history

King: Hussein
Prime minister: Ahmad Obeidat, then Zaid al-Rifai

Kingdom of NepalNepal history

King: Birendra
Prime minister: Lokendra Bahadur Chand

Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia history

King: Fahd

Lao People's Democratic RepublicLaos history

General Secretary: Kaysone Phomvihane
President: Souphanouvong
Prime minister: Kaysone Phomvihane

LebanonLebanon history

President: Amine Gemayel
Prime minister: Rashid Karami

MalaysiaMalaysia history

Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Iskandar of Johor
Prime minister: Mahathir Mohamad

Mongolian People's Republic

Prime minister: Dumaagiin Sodnom

New Order, IndonesiaIndonesia history

President: Suharto

North KoreaNorth Korea history

General Secretary: Kim Il Sung
President: Kim Il Sung

North Yemen: Yemen Arab RepublicYemen history

President: Ali Abdullah Saleh

People's Republic of ChinaChina history

Paramount Leader: Deng Xiaoping
General Secretary: Hu Yaobang
President: Li Xiannian

People's Republic of KampucheaCambodia history

Prime minister: Hun Sen

PhilippinesPhilippines history

President: Ferdinand Marcos
Prime minister: Cesar Virata

Protectorate of Brunei / Nation of BruneiBrunei history

Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah

QatarQatar history

Emir: Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
Prime minister: Khalifa bin Hamad

Republic of China: TaiwanTaiwan history

President: Chiang Ching-kuo
Premier: Yu Kuo-hwa

Republic of CyprusCyprus history

President: Spyros Kyprianou

Republic of IndiaIndia history

President: Zail Singh
Prime minister: Rajiv Gandhi

Republic of TurkeyTurkey history

President: Kenan Evren
Prime minister: Turgut Özal

Second Republic of Maldives

President: Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

SingaporeSingapore history

President: Devan Nair, then Wee Kim Wee
Prime minister: Lee Kuan Yew

Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

Chairman: Ne Win
President: San Yu

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)Vietnam history

General Secretary: Lê Duẩn
Chairmen of the Council of State: Trường Chinh
Chairmen of the Council of ministers: Phạm Văn Đồng

South KoreaSouth Korea history

President: Chun Doo-hwan

South Yemen: People's Democratic Republic of YemenYemen history

President: Ali Nasir Muhammad
Chairmen: Ali Nasir Muhammad
Prime minister: Ali Nasir Muhammad, then Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas

State of KuwaitKuwait history

Emir: Jaber III
Prime minister: Saad Al-Abdullah

Sultanate of Oman: Al Busaidi dynastyOman history

Sultan: Qaboos bin Said

Syrian Arab RepublicSyria history

President: Hafez al-Assad
Prime minister: Abdul Rauf al-Kasm

ThailandThailand history

King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
Prime minister: Prem Tinsulanonda

Turkish Republic of Northern CyprusCyprus history

President: Rauf Denktaş

United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates history

President: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Prime minister: Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum

Europe

Andorra

Episcopal Co-Prince: Joan Martí i Alanis
French Co-Prince: François Mitterrand
Prime minister: Josep Pintat-Solans

AustriaAustria history

President: Rudolf Kirchschläger

BelgiumBelgium history

King: Baudouin
Prime minister: Wilfried Martens

Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

General Secretary: Gustáv Husák
President: Gustáv Husák
Prime minister: Lubomír Štrougal

DenmarkDenmark history

Queen: Margrethe II
Prime minister: Poul Schlüter

East GermanyGermany history

Chairmen of the State Council: Erich Honecker
Chairman: Willi Stoph

FinlandFinland history

President: Mauno Koivisto
Prime minister: Kalevi Sorsa

France: Fifth RepublicFrance history

President: François Mitterrand
Prime minister: Laurent Fabius

Greece: Third RepublicGreece history

President: Konstantinos Karamanlis, then Christos Sartzetakis
Prime minister: Andreas Papandreou

Hungarian People's RepublicHungary history

Chairman: Pál Losonczi
Prime minister: György Lázár

IcelandIceland history

President: Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
Prime minister: Steingrímur Hermannsson

ItalyItaly history

President: Sandro Pertini, then Francesco Cossiga
Prime minister: Bettino Craxi

Kingdom of SpainSpain history

King: Juan Carlos I
Prime minister: Felipe González

Kingdom of the NetherlandsNetherlands history

Queen: Beatrix
Prime minister: Ruud Lubbers

Liechtenstein

Prince: Franz Josef II
Prime minister: Hans Brunhart

LuxembourgLuxembourg history

Grand Duke: Jean
Prime minister: Jacques Santer

Monaco

Prince: Rainier III
Minister of state: Jean Herly, then Jean Ausseil

NorwayNorway history

King: Olav V
Prime minister: Kåre Willoch

People's Republic of BulgariaBulgaria history

General Secretary: Todor Zhivkov
Chairman of the State Council: Todor Zhivkov
Prime minister: Grisha Filipov

People's Socialist Republic of AlbaniaAlbania history

First Secretary: Enver Hoxha, then Ramiz Alia
Chairman: Ramiz Alia
Prime minister: Adil Çarçani

Polish People's RepublicPoland history

First Secretary: Wojciech Jaruzelski
Chairman: Wojciech Jaruzelski
Prime minister: Wojciech Jaruzelski

Republic of IrelandIreland history

President: Patrick Hillery
Taoiseach: Garret FitzGerald

Republic of MaltaMalta history

President: Agatha Barbara
Prime minister: Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici

San Marino

Captains Regent: Marino Bollini, then Giuseppe Amici, then Enzo Colombini, then Ubaldo Biordi

Socialist Republic of RomaniaRomania history

General Secretary: Nicolae Ceaușescu
President: Nicolae Ceaușescu
Prime minister: Constantin Dăscălescu

Soviet UnionRussia history

General Secretary: Konstantin Chernenko, then Mikhail Gorbachev
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet: Konstantin Chernenko, then Andrei Gromyko
Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Nikolai Tikhonov, then Nikolai Ryzhkov

SwedenSweden history

King: Carl XVI Gustaf
Prime minister: Olof Palme

SwitzerlandSwitzerland history

President of the Confederation: Kurt Furgler

Third Republic of PortugalPortugal history

President: António Ramalho Eanes
Prime minister: Mário Soares, then Aníbal Cavaco Silva

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnited Kingdom history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Margaret Thatcher

Vatican City

Sovereign: John Paul II
President of the Governorate: Sebastiano Baggio

West GermanyGermany history

President of West Germany: Richard von Weizsäcker
Chancellor of West Germany: Helmut Kohl

Yugoslavia: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

President of the Presidency: Veselin Đuranović, then Radovan Vlajković
Prime minister: Milka Planinc

Oceania

AustraliaAustralia history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Bob Hawke

Dominion of FijiFiji history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Kamisese Mara

Federated States of Micronesia

President: Tosiwo Nakayama

Kiribati

President: Ieremia Tabai

Marshall Islands

President: Amata Kabua

Nauru

President: Hammer DeRoburt

New ZealandNew Zealand history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: David Lange

Palau

President: Haruo Remeliik, then Alfonso Oiterong, then Lazarus Salii
Acting President: Thomas Remengesau Sr.

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Michael Somare

Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Peter Kenilorea

TongaTonga history

King: Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
Prime minister: Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake

Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsUnited States history

High Commissioner: Janet J. McCoy

Tuvalu

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Tomasi Puapua

VanuatuVanuatu history

President: Ati George Sokomanu
Prime minister: Walter Lini

Wallis and Futuna

King: Tomasi Kulimoetoke II

Western Samoa/ Independent State of Samoa

O le Ao o le Malo: Malietoa Tanumafili II