World leaders in 1994

Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1994, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1994 →

Major powers in 1994

United StatesUnited States history

President: Bill Clinton

United KingdomUnited Kingdom history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: John Major

RussiaRussia history

President: Boris Yeltsin
Prime minister: Viktor Chernomyrdin

People's Republic of ChinaChina history

General Secretary; Paramount Leader: Jiang Zemin
President: Jiang Zemin
Premier: Li Peng

FranceFrance history

President: François Mitterrand
Prime minister: Édouard Balladur

Federal Republic of GermanyGermany history

President of reunified Germany: Richard von Weizsäcker
President: Roman Herzog
Chancellor of reunified Germany: Helmut Kohl

JapanJapan history

Emperor: Akihito
Prime minister: Morihiro Hosokawa, then Tsutomu Hata, then Tomiichi Murayama

Republic of IndiaIndia history

President: Shankar Dayal Sharma
Prime minister: P. V. Narasimha Rao

Africa

Arab Republic of EgyptEgypt history

President: Hosni Mubarak
Prime minister: Atef Sedky

Central African Republic

President: Ange-Félix Patassé
Prime minister: Jean-Luc Mandaba

Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe

President: Miguel Trovoada
Prime minister: Norberto Costa Alegre, then Evaristo Carvalho

Equatorial Guinea

President: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Prime minister: Silvestre Siale Bileka

EritreaEritrea history

President: Isaias Afwerki

Federal Republic of Nigeria: Fourth RepublicNigeria history

Military Head of State: Sani Abacha

GabonGabon history

President: Omar Bongo
Prime minister: Casimir Oyé-Mba, then Paulin Obame-Nguema

Guinea-Bissau

President: João Bernardo Vieira
Prime minister: Carlos Correia, then Manuel Saturnino da Costa

Interim Government of SomaliaSomalia history

President: Ali Mahdi Muhammad
Prime minister: Umar Arteh Ghalib

Islamic Republic of MauritaniaMauritania history

President: Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya

KenyaKenya history

President: Daniel arap Moi

Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)

King: Mswati III

Kingdom of LesothoLesotho history

King: Letsie III
Interim Prime minister: Hae Phoofolo

LiberiaLiberia history

President of the Interim Government of National Unity: Amos Sawyer
Chairman of the Council of State: David D. Kpormakpor

Libyan Arab Republic / Socialist People's Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya history

Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution: Muammar Gaddafi
Secretary-General: Muhammad az-Zanati
Prime minister: Abuzed Omar Dorda

Madagascar: Third RepublicMadagascar history

President: Albert Zafy

NamibiaNamibia history

President: Sam Nujoma
Prime minister: Hage Geingob

People's Democratic Republic of AlgeriaAlgeria history

President: Ali Kafi
Prime minister: Redha Malek, then Mokdad Sifi

Republic of AngolaAngola history

President: José Eduardo dos Santos
Prime minister: Marcolino Moco

Republic of BeninBenin history

President: Nicéphore Soglo

Republic of BotswanaBotswana history

President: Quett Masire

Republic of Burkina FasoBurkina Faso history

President: Blaise Compaoré
Prime minister: Youssouf Ouédraogo, then Roch Marc Christian Kaboré

Republic of BurundiBurundi history

Acting President: Sylvie Kinigi
President: Cyprien Ntaryamira, then Sylvestre Ntibantunganya
Prime minister: Sylvie Kinigi, then Anatole Kanyenkiko

Republic of CameroonCameroon history

President: Paul Biya
Prime minister: Simon Achidi Achu

Republic of Cape VerdeCape Verde history

President: António Mascarenhas Monteiro
Prime minister: Carlos Veiga

Republic of ChadChad history

President: Idriss Déby
Prime minister: Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye

Republic of DjiboutiDjibouti history

President: Hassan Gouled Aptidon
Prime minister: Barkat Gourad Hamadou

Republic of GhanaGhana history

President of the Fourth Republic: Jerry Rawlings

Republic of GuineaGuinea history

President: Lansana Conté

Republic of Ivory CoastIvory Coast history

President: Henri Konan Bédié
Prime minister: Daniel Kablan Duncan

Republic of MalawiMalawi history

President: Hastings Banda, then Bakili Muluzi

Republic of MaliMali history

President: Alpha Oumar Konaré
Prime minister: Abdoulaye Sékou Sow, then Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta

Republic of MauritiusMauritius history

President: Cassam Uteem
Prime minister: Anerood Jugnauth

Republic of MozambiqueMozambique history

President: Joaquim Chissano
Prime minister: Mário da Graça Machungo, then Pascoal Mocumbi

Republic of RwandaRwanda history

President: Juvénal Habyarimana, then Pasteur Bizimungu
Interim President: Théodore Sindikubwabo
Prime minister: Agathe Uwilingiyimana, then Jean Kambanda, then Faustin Twagiramungu

Republic of SenegalSenegal history

President: Abdou Diouf
Prime minister: Habib Thiam

Republic of Seychelles

President: France-Albert René

Republic of Sierra LeoneSierra Leone history

Military Head of State: Valentine Strasser

Republic of SomalilandSomalia history

President: Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal

Republic of South AfricaSouth Africa history

State President: F. W. de Klerk
President: Nelson Mandela

Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

President: Pascal Lissouba
Prime minister: Joachim Yhombi-Opango

Republic of the GambiaGambia history

President: Dawda Jawara

Republic of the NigerNiger history

President of the Republic: Mahamane Ousmane
Prime minister: Mahamadou Issoufou, then Souley Abdoulaye

Republic of the SudanSudan history

President: Omar al-Bashir

Republic of TunisiaTunisia history

President: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
Prime minister: Hamed Karoui

Republic of Uganda

President: Yoweri Museveni

Republic of ZambiaZambia history

President: Frederick Chiluba

Republic of Zimbabwe

President: Robert Mugabe

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western SaharaMorocco history

President: Mohamed Abdelaziz
Prime minister: Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun

Sultanate/ Kingdom of MoroccoMorocco history

King: Hassan II
Prime minister: Mohammed Karim Lamrani, then Abdellatif Filali

Togolese RepublicTogo history

President: Gnassingbé Eyadéma
Prime minister: Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, then Edem Kodjo

Transitional Government of EthiopiaEthiopia history

Acting President: Meles Zenawi

TranskeiSouth Africa history

Head of the Military Council: Bantu Holomisa

Union of the Comoros

President: Said Mohamed Djohar
Prime minister: Mohamed Abdou Madi, then Halifa Houmadi

United Republic of TanzaniaTanzania history

President: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
Prime minister: John Malecela, then Cleopa Msuya

Zaire

President: Mobutu Sese Seko
Prime minister: Faustin Birindwa
First state commissioner: Léon Kengo

Americas

Antigua and Barbuda

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Vere Bird, then Lester Bird

ArgentinaArgentina history

President: Carlos Menem

BarbadosBarbados history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, then Owen Arthur

BelizeBelize history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Manuel Esquivel

BoliviaBolivia history

President: Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada

CanadaCanada history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Jean Chrétien

Co-operative Republic of GuyanaGuyana history

Prime minister: Sam Hinds

ColombiaColombia history

President: César Gaviria Trujillo, then Ernesto Samper Pizano

Dominica

Prime minister: Eugenia Charles

EcuadorEcuador history

President: Sixto Durán Ballén

El SalvadorEl Salvador history

President: Alfredo Cristiani, then Armando Calderón Sol

Federative Republic of BrazilBrazil history

President: Itamar Franco

Fourth Dominican RepublicDominican Republic history

President: Joaquín Balaguer

Grenada

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Nicholas Brathwaite

GuatemalaGuatemala history

President: Ramiro de León Carpio

HondurasHonduras history

President: Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, then Carlos Roberto Reina

JamaicaJamaica history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: P. J. Patterson

MexicoMexico history

President: Carlos Salinas de Gortari, then Ernesto Zedillo

NicaraguaNicaragua history

President: Violeta Chamorro

Oriental Republic of UruguayUruguay history

President: Luis Alberto Lacalle

PanamaPanama history

President: Guillermo Endara

Republic of ChileChile history

President: Patricio Aylwin, then Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle

Republic of Costa RicaCosta Rica history

President: Rafael Calderón Fournier, then José Figueres Olsen

Republic of CubaCuba history

President of the Council of State: Fidel Castro
President of the Council of Ministers: Fidel Castro

Republic of PeruPeru history

Prime Minister: Alfonso Bustamante, then Efrain Goldenberg

Republic of SurinameSuriname history

President: Ronald Venetiaan

Republic of Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago history

President: Noor Hassanali
Prime minister: Patrick Manning

Republic of VenezuelaVenezuela history

Interim President: Ramón José Velásquez
President: Rafael Caldera

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Kennedy Simmonds

Saint Lucia

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: John Compton

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: James Fitz-Allen Mitchell

The Bahamas

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Hubert Ingraham

Third Haitian RepublicHaiti history

President: Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Provisional President: Émile Jonassaint
Prime minister: Robert Malval, then Smarck Michel

United StatesUnited States history

President: Bill Clinton

Asia

Ba'athist IraqIraq history

President: Saddam Hussein
Prime minister: Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai, then Saddam Hussein

BangladeshBangladesh history

President: Abdur Rahman Biswas
Prime minister: Khaleda Zia

BhutanBhutan history

Druk Gyalpo: Jigme Singye Wangchuck

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri LankaSri Lanka history

President: Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, then Chandrika Kumaratunga
Prime minister: Ranil Wickremesinghe, then Chandrika Kumaratunga, then Sirimavo Bandaranaike

Emirate of Ras Al KhaimahUnited Arab Emirates history

ruler: Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi

Hakims of Bahrain/ State of BahrainBahrain history

Emir: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Prime minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

Islamic Republic of IranIran history

Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
President: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Islamic Republic of PakistanPakistan history

President: Farooq Leghari
Prime minister: Benazir Bhutto

Islamic State of AfghanistanAfghanistan history

President: Burhanuddin Rabbani

IsraelIsrael history

President: Ezer Weizman
Prime minister: Yitzhak Rabin

JapanJapan history

Emperor: Akihito
Prime minister: Morihiro Hosokawa, then Tsutomu Hata, then Tomiichi Murayama

KazakhstanKazakhstan history

President: Nursultan Nazarbayev
Prime minister: Sergey Tereshchenko, then Akejan Kajegeldin

Kingdom of CambodiaCambodia history

King: Norodom Sihanouk
First Prime minister: Norodom Ranariddh

Kingdom of JordanJordan history

King: Hussein
Prime minister: Abdelsalam al-Majali

Kingdom of NepalNepal history

King: Birendra
Prime minister: Girija Prasad Koirala, then Man Mohan Adhikari

Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia history

King: Fahd

Kyrgyzstan

President: Askar Akayev
Prime minister: Apas Jumagulov

Lao People's Democratic RepublicLaos history

Chairman: Khamtai Siphandone
President: Nouhak Phoumsavanh
Prime minister: Khamtai Siphandone

LebanonLebanon history

President: Elias Hrawi
Prime minister: Rafic Hariri

MalaysiaMalaysia history

Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Azlan Shah of Perak, then Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan
Prime minister: Mahathir Mohamad

MongoliaMongolia history

President: Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat
Prime minister: Puntsagiin Jasrai

New Order, IndonesiaIndonesia history

President: Suharto

North KoreaNorth Korea history

General Secretary: Kim Il Sung
President: Kim Il Sung

People's Republic of ChinaChina history

General Secretary; Paramount Leader: Jiang Zemin
President: Jiang Zemin
Premier: Li Peng

PhilippinesPhilippines history

President: Fidel V. Ramos

Protectorate of Brunei / Nation of BruneiBrunei history

Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah

QatarQatar history

Emir: Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani
Prime minister: Khalifa bin Hamad

Republic of China: TaiwanTaiwan history

President: Lee Teng-hui
Premier: Lien Chan

Republic of CyprusCyprus history

President: Glafcos Clerides

Republic of IndiaIndia history

President: Shankar Dayal Sharma
Prime minister: P. V. Narasimha Rao

Republic of TurkeyTurkey history

President: Süleyman Demirel
Prime minister: Tansu Çiller

Republic of YemenYemen history

Prime minister: Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, then Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani
Acting Prime minister: Muhammad Said al-Attar

Second Republic of Maldives

President: Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

SingaporeSingapore history

President: Ong Teng Cheong
Prime minister: Goh Chok Tong

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)Vietnam history

General Secretary: Đỗ Mười
President: Lê Đức Anh
Prime minister: Võ Văn Kiệt

South KoreaSouth Korea history

President: Kim Young-sam
Prime minister: Lee Hong-koo

State of KuwaitKuwait history

Emir: Jaber III
Prime minister: Saad Al-Abdullah

State of PalestinePalestine history

President: Yasser Arafat

Sultanate of Oman: Al Busaidi dynastyOman history

Sultan: Qaboos bin Said

Syrian Arab RepublicSyria history

President: Hafez al-Assad
Prime minister: Mahmoud Zuabi

TajikistanTajikistan history

President: Emomali Rahmon

ThailandThailand history

King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
Prime minister: Chuan Leekpai

Turkish Republic of Northern CyprusCyprus history

President: Rauf Denktaş

Turkmenistan

President: Saparmurat Niyazov

Union of Burma/Myanmar

Chairmen: Than Shwe
Prime minister: Than Shwe

United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates history

President: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Prime minister: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

UzbekistanUzbekistan history

President: Islam Karimov
Prime minister: Abdulhashim Mutalov

Europe

Abkhazia, has limited recognition: Georgia claims AbkhaziaGeorgia history

President: Vladislav Ardzinba
Prime minister: Sokrat Jinjolia

Andorra

Episcopal Co-Prince: Joan Martí i Alanis
French Co-Prince: François Mitterrand
Prime minister: Òscar Ribas Reig, then Marc Forné Molné

ArmeniaArmenia history

President: Levon Ter-Petrosyan
Prime minister: Hrant Bagratyan

AustriaAustria history

President: Thomas Klestil
Chancellor: Franz Vranitzky

AzerbaijanAzerbaijan history

President: Heydar Aliyev
Prime minister: Surat Huseynov, then Fuad Guliyev

BelgiumBelgium history

King: Albert II
Prime minister: Jean-Luc Dehaene

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

President: Dzhokhar Dudayev

Czech Republic

President: Václav Havel
Prime minister: Václav Klaus

DenmarkDenmark history

Queen: Margrethe II
Prime minister: Poul Nyrup Rasmussen

Federal Republic of GermanyGermany history

President of reunified Germany: Richard von Weizsäcker
President: Roman Herzog
Chancellor of reunified Germany: Helmut Kohl

FinlandFinland history

President: Mauno Koivisto, then Martti Ahtisaari
Prime minister: Esko Aho

France: Fifth RepublicFrance history

President: François Mitterrand
Prime minister: Édouard Balladur

GeorgiaGeorgia history

Prime minister: Otar Patsatsia

Greece: Third RepublicGreece history

President: Konstantinos Karamanlis
Prime minister: Andreas Papandreou

Hungary: Third RepublicHungary history

President: Árpád Göncz
Prime minister: Péter Boross, then Gyula Horn

IcelandIceland history

President: Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
Prime minister: Davíð Oddsson

ItalyItaly history

President: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
Prime minister: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, then Silvio Berlusconi

Kingdom of SpainSpain history

King: Juan Carlos I
Prime minister: Felipe González

Kingdom of the NetherlandsNetherlands history

Queen: Beatrix
Prime minister: Ruud Lubbers, then Wim Kok

Liechtenstein

Prince: Hans-Adam II
Prime minister: Mario Frick

LuxembourgLuxembourg history

Grand Duke: Jean
Prime minister: Jacques Santer

Monaco

Prince: Rainier III
Minister of state: Jacques Dupont, then Paul Dijoud

NorwayNorway history

King: Harald V
Prime minister: Gro Harlem Brundtland

Republic of AlbaniaAlbania history

President: Berisha

Republic of ArtsakhAzerbaijan history

President: Robert Kocharyan

Republic of BelarusBelarus history

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet: Stanislau Shushkevich
President: Alexander Lukashenko
Prime minister: Vyacheslav Kebich, then Mikhail Chigir

Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

President: Alija Izetbegović
Prime minister: Haris Silajdžić

Republic of BulgariaBulgaria history

President: Zhelyu Zhelev
Prime minister: Lyuben Berov
Interim Prime minister: Reneta Indzhova

Republic of Croatia

Prime minister: Nikica Valentić

Republic of EstoniaEstonia history

President: Lennart Meri
Prime minister: Mart Laar, then Andres Tarand

Republic of IrelandIreland history

President: Mary Robinson
Taoiseach: Albert Reynolds, then John Bruton

Republic of KosovaKosovo history

President: Ibrahim Rugova
Prime minister: Bujar Bukoshi

Republic of LatviaLatvia history

President: Guntis Ulmanis
Prime minister: Valdis Birkavs, then Māris Gailis

Republic of LithuaniaLithuania history

President: Algirdas Brazauskas
Prime minister: Adolfas Šleževičius

Republic of Macedonia

President: Kiro Gligorov

Republic of MaltaMalta history

President: Ċensu Tabone, then Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
Prime minister: Eddie Fenech Adami

Republic of MoldovaMoldova history

President: Mircea Snegur
Prime minister: Andrei Sangheli

Republic of PolandPoland history

President: Lech Wałęsa
Prime minister: Waldemar Pawlak

Republic of RomaniaRomania history

President: Ion Iliescu
Prime minister: Nicolae Văcăroiu

RussiaRussia history

President: Boris Yeltsin
Prime minister: Viktor Chernomyrdin

San Marino

Captains Regent: Gian Luigi Berti

Slovakia

President: Michal Kováč
Prime minister: Vladimír Mečiar, then Jozef Moravčík

Slovenia

President: Milan Kučan
Prime minister: Janez Drnovšek

South Ossetia, has limited recognition: Georgia claims South OssetiaGeorgia history

Prime minister: Gerasim Khugayev

SwedenSweden history

King: Carl XVI Gustaf
Prime minister: Carl Bildt, then Ingvar Carlsson

SwitzerlandSwitzerland history

President of the Confederation: Otto Stich

Third Republic of PortugalPortugal history

President: Mário Soares
Prime minister: Aníbal Cavaco Silva

UkraineUkraine history

President: Leonid Kravchuk, then Leonid Kuchma
Acting Prime minister: Yukhym Zvyahilsky
Prime minister: Vitaliy Masol

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnited Kingdom history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: John Major

Vatican City

Sovereign: John Paul II
President of the Governorate: Rosalio José Castillo Lara

Yugoslavia: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/ Serbia and Montenegro

President: Zoran Lilić
Prime minister: Radoje Kontić

Oceania

AustraliaAustralia history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Paul Keating

Federated States of Micronesia

President: Bailey Olter

Kiribati

President: Teatao Teannaki, then Teburoro Tito
Acting President: Ata Teaotai

Marshall Islands

President: Amata Kabua

Nauru

President: Bernard Dowiyogo

New ZealandNew Zealand history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Jim Bolger

Palau

President: Kuniwo Nakamura

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Julius Chan

Republic of FijiFiji history

Acting President: Kamisese Mara
Prime minister: Sitiveni Rabuka

Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Francis Billy Hilly, then Solomon Mamaloni

TongaTonga history

King: Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
Prime minister: Baron Vaea

Tuvalu

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Kamuta Latasi

VanuatuVanuatu history

Acting President: Alfred Maseng
President: Jean-Marie Léyé
Prime minister: Maxime Carlot Korman

Wallis and Futuna

King: Tomasi Kulimoetoke II

Western Samoa/ Independent State of Samoa

O le Ao o le Malo: Malietoa Tanumafili II
Prime minister: Tofilau Eti Alesana