World leaders in 2001

Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 2001, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 2001 →

Major powers in 2001

United StatesUnited States history

President: Bill Clinton, then George W. Bush

United KingdomUnited Kingdom history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime Minister: Tony Blair

RussiaRussia history

President: Vladimir Putin
Prime minister: Mikhail Kasyanov

ChinaChina history

General Secretary; paramount leader: Jiang Zemin
President: Jiang Zemin
Premier: Zhu Rongji

FranceFrance history

President: Jacques Chirac
Prime minister: Lionel Jospin

GermanyGermany history

President: Johannes Rau
Chancellor: Gerhard Schröder

JapanJapan history

Emperor: Akihito
Prime minister: Yoshirō Mori, then Junichirō Koizumi

IndiaIndia history

President: K. R. Narayanan
Prime minister: Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Africa

AlgeriaAlgeria history

President: Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Prime Minister: Ali Benflis

AngolaAngola history

President: José Eduardo dos Santos

BeninBenin history

President: Mathieu Kérékou

BotswanaBotswana history

President: Festus Mogae

Burkina FasoBurkina Faso history

President: Blaise Compaoré
Prime minister: Paramanga Ernest Yonli

BurundiBurundi history

President: Pierre Buyoya

CameroonCameroon history

President: Paul Biya
Prime minister: Peter Mafany Musonge

Cape VerdeCape Verde history

President: António Mascarenhas Monteiro, then Pedro Pires
Prime minister: Gualberto do Rosário, then José Maria Neves

Central African Republic

President: Ange-Félix Patassé
Prime minister: Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, then Martin Ziguélé

ChadChad history

President: Idriss Déby
Prime minister: Nagoum Yamassoum

Comoros

President: Azali Assoumani
Acting President: Hamada Madi
Prime minister: Hamada Madi

Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)Democratic Republic of the Congo history

President: Laurent-Désiré Kabila, then Joseph Kabila

DjiboutiDjibouti history

President: Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
Prime minister: Barkat Gourad Hamadou, then Dileita Mohamed Dileita

EgyptEgypt history

President: Hosni Mubarak
Prime minister: Atef Ebeid

Equatorial Guinea

President: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Prime minister: Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, then Cándido Muatetema Rivas

EritreaEritrea history

President: Isaias Afwerki

EthiopiaEthiopia history

President: Negasso Gidada, then Girma Wolde-Giorgis
Prime minister: Meles Zenawi

GabonGabon history

President: Omar Bongo

GambiaGambia history

President: Yahya Jammeh

GhanaGhana history

President: Jerry Rawlings, then John Kufuor

GuineaGuinea history

President: Lansana Conté
Prime minister: Lamine Sidimé

Guinea-Bissau

President: Kumba Ialá
Prime minister: Caetano N'Tchama, then Faustino Imbali, then Alamara Nhassé

Ivory CoastIvory Coast history

President: Laurent Gbagbo
Prime minister: Pascal Affi N'Guessan

KenyaKenya history

President: Daniel arap Moi

LesothoLesotho history

King: Letsie III
Prime minister: Pakalitha Mosisili

LiberiaLiberia history

President: Charles Taylor

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution: Muammar Gaddafi
Prime minister: Imbarek Shamekh

Madagascar

President: Didier Ratsiraka
Prime minister: Tantely Andrianarivo

MalawiMalawi history

President: Bakili Muluzi

MaliMali history

President: Alpha Oumar Konaré
Prime minister: Mandé Sidibé

MauritaniaMauritania history

President: Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
Prime minister: Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna

MauritiusMauritius history

President: Cassam Uteem
Prime minister: Anerood Jugnauth

MoroccoMorocco history

King: Mohammed VI
Prime Minister: Abderrahmane Youssoufi

MozambiqueMozambique history

President: Joaquim Chissano
Prime minister: Pascoal Mocumbi

NamibiaNamibia history

President: Sam Nujoma
Prime minister: Hage Geingob

NigerNiger history

President: Mamadou Tandja
Prime minister: Hama Amadou

Nigeria: Fourth RepublicNigeria history

President: Olusegun Obasanjo

Republic of Somaliland

President: Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal

Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)Republic of the Congo history

President: Denis Sassou Nguesso

RwandaRwanda history

President: Paul Kagame
Prime minister: Bernard Makuza

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

President: Mohamed Abdelaziz
Prime Minister: Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun

São Tomé and Príncipe

President: Miguel Trovoada, then Fradique de Menezes
Prime minister: Guilherme Posser da Costa, then Evaristo Carvalho

SenegalSenegal history

President: Abdoulaye Wade
Prime minister: Moustapha Niasse, then Mame Madior Boye

Seychelles

President: France-Albert René

Sierra LeoneSierra Leone history

President: Ahmad Tejan Kabbah

South AfricaSouth Africa history

President: Thabo Mbeki

SudanSudan history

President: Omar al-Bashir

SwazilandEswatini history

King: Mswati III
Prime minister: Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini

TanzaniaTanzania history

President: Benjamin Mkapa
Prime minister: Frederick Sumaye

TogoTogo history

President: Gnassingbé Eyadéma
Prime minister: Agbéyomé Kodjo

Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia

President: Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
Prime minister: Ali Khalif Galaydh, then Hassan Abshir Farah
Acting Prime minister: Osman Jama Ali

TunisiaTunisia history

President: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
Prime minister: Mohamed Ghannouchi

Uganda

President: Yoweri Museveni
Prime minister: Apolo Nsibambi

ZambiaZambia history

President: Frederick Chiluba

Zimbabwe

President: Robert Mugabe

Americas

Antigua and Barbuda

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Lester Bird

ArgentinaArgentina history

President: Fernando de la Rúa, then Adolfo Rodríguez Saá

BahamasBahamas history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Hubert Ingraham

BarbadosBarbados history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Owen Arthur

BelizeBelize history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Said Musa

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

President: Hugo Chávez

BoliviaBolivia history

President: Hugo Banzer, then Jorge Quiroga

BrazilBrazil history

President: Fernando Henrique Cardoso

CanadaCanada history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Jean Chrétien

ChileChile history

President: Ricardo Lagos

ColombiaColombia history

President: Andrés Pastrana Arango

Costa RicaCosta Rica history

President: Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría

CubaCuba history

President of the State Council: Fidel Castro
President of the Council of Ministers: Fidel Castro

Dominica

President: Vernon Shaw
Prime minister: Pierre Charles

Dominican RepublicDominican Republic history

President: Hipólito Mejía

EcuadorEcuador history

President: Gustavo Noboa

El SalvadorEl Salvador history

President: Francisco Flores Pérez

Grenada

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Keith Mitchell

GuatemalaGuatemala history

President: Alfonso Portillo

GuyanaGuyana history

President: Bharrat Jagdeo
Prime minister: Sam Hinds

HaitiHaiti history

President: René Préval, then Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Prime minister: Jacques-Édouard Alexis, then Jean Marie Chérestal

HondurasHonduras history

President: Carlos Roberto Flores

JamaicaJamaica history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: P. J. Patterson

MexicoMexico history

President: Vicente Fox

NicaraguaNicaragua history

President: Arnoldo Alemán

PanamaPanama history

President: Mireya Moscoso

ParaguayParaguay history

President: Luis González

PeruPeru history

President of Transition Government: Valentín Paniagua
Constitutional President: Alejandro Toledo
Prime Minister: Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, then Roberto Dañino

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Denzil Douglas

Saint Lucia

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Kenny Anthony

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Arnhim Eustace

SurinameSuriname history

President: Ronald Venetiaan

Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago history

President: A. N. R. Robinson
Prime minister: Basdeo Panday, then Patrick Manning

United StatesUnited States history

President: Bill Clinton, then George W. Bush

UruguayUruguay history

President: Jorge Batlle

Asia

Ba'athist Iraq

President: Saddam Hussein
Prime minister: Saddam Hussein

BangladeshBangladesh history

President: Shahabuddin Ahmed, then A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury
Prime minister: Sheikh Hasina, then Khaleda Zia
Chief adviser: Latifur Rahman

BhutanBhutan history

Druk Gyalpo: Jigme Singye Wangchuck
Prime minister: Yeshey Zimba, then Khandu Wangchuk

BruneiBrunei history

Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah

Burma/Myanmar: State Peace and Development Council (1997–2011)

Chairman: Than Shwe
Prime minister: Than Shwe

CambodiaCambodia history

King: Norodom Sihanouk
Prime minister: Hun Sen

ChinaChina history

General Secretary; paramount leader: Jiang Zemin
President: Jiang Zemin
Premier: Zhu Rongji

CyprusCyprus history

President: Glafcos Clerides

IndiaIndia history

President: K. R. Narayanan
Prime minister: Atal Bihari Vajpayee

IndonesiaIndonesia history

President: Abdurrahman Wahid, then Megawati Sukarnoputri

IranIran history

Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
President: Mohammad Khatami

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Supreme leaders: Mullah Omar
Prime ministers: Mohammad Rabbani

Islamic State of Afghanistan

President: Burhanuddin Rabbani

IsraelIsrael history

President: Moshe Katsav
Prime minister: Ehud Barak, then Ariel Sharon

JapanJapan history

Emperor: Akihito
Prime minister: Yoshirō Mori, then Junichirō Koizumi

JordanJordan history

King: Abdullah II
Prime minister: Ali Abu al-Ragheb

KazakhstanKazakhstan history

President: Nursultan Nazarbayev
Prime minister: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev

Kingdom of Nepal

King: Birendra, then Dipendra, then Gyanendra
Prime minister: Girija Prasad Koirala, then Sher Bahadur Deuba

KuwaitKuwait history

Emir: Jaber III
Prime minister: Saad Al-Abdullah

Kyrgyzstan

President: Askar Akayev
Prime minister: Kurmanbek Bakiyev

LaosLaos history

Chairman: Khamtai Siphandone
President: Khamtai Siphandone
Prime minister: Sisavath Keobounphanh, then Bounnhang Vorachit

LebanonLebanon history

President: Émile Lahoud
Prime minister: Rafic Hariri

MalaysiaMalaysia history

Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Salahuddin of Selangor, then Sirajuddin of Perlis
Prime minister: Mahathir Mohamad

Maldives

President: Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

MongoliaMongolia history

President: Natsagiin Bagabandi
Prime minister: Nambaryn Enkhbayar

North KoreaNorth Korea history

General Secretary: Kim Jong-il
Premier: Hong Song-nam

Northern Cyprus

President: Rauf Denktaş

OmanOman history

Sultan: Qaboos bin Said

PakistanPakistan history

President: Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, then Pervez Musharraf

PhilippinesPhilippines history

President: Joseph Estrada, then Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

QatarQatar history

Emir: Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
Prime minister: Abdullah bin Khalifa

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia history

King: Fahd

SingaporeSingapore history

President: S. R. Nathan
Prime minister: Goh Chok Tong

South KoreaSouth Korea history

President: Kim Dae-jung

Sri LankaSri Lanka history

President: Chandrika Kumaratunga
Prime minister: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, then Ranil Wickremesinghe

State of Palestine

President: Yasser Arafat

State/ Kingdom of Bahrain

Prime minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

Syria

President: Bashar al-Assad
Prime minister: Muhammad Mustafa Mero

TaiwanTaiwan history

President: Chen Shui-bian
Premier: Chang Chun-hsiung

TajikistanTajikistan history

President: Emomali Rahmon
Prime minister: Oqil Oqilov

ThailandThailand history

King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
Prime minister: Chuan Leekpai, then Thaksin Shinawatra

TurkeyTurkey history

President: Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Prime minister: Bülent Ecevit

Turkmenistan

President: Saparmurat Niyazov

United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates history

President: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Prime minister: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

UzbekistanUzbekistan history

President: Islam Karimov
Prime minister: Oʻtkir Sultonov

VietnamVietnam history

General Secretary: Lê Khả Phiêu, then Nông Đức Mạnh
President: Trần Đức Lương
Prime minister: Phan Văn Khải

YemenYemen history

Prime minister: Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, then Abdul Qadir Bajamal

Europe

(Former Yugoslav) Republic of MacedoniaNorth Macedonia history

President: Boris Trajkovski
Prime minister: Ljubčo Georgievski

Abkhazia

President: Vladislav Ardzinba
Prime minister: Viacheslav Tsugba, then Anri Jergenia

AlbaniaAlbania history

President: Rexhep Meidani
Prime minister: Ilir Meta

Andorra

Episcopal Co-Prince: Joan Martí i Alanis
French Co-Prince: Jacques Chirac
Prime minister: Marc Forné Molné

ArmeniaArmenia history

President: Robert Kocharyan
Prime minister: Andranik Margaryan

AustriaAustria history

President: Thomas Klestil
Chancellor: Wolfgang Schüssel

AzerbaijanAzerbaijan history

President: Heydar Aliyev
Prime minister: Artur Rasizade

BelarusBelarus history

President: Alexander Lukashenko
Prime minister: Vladimir Yermoshin, then Gennady Novitsky

BelgiumBelgium history

King: Albert II
Prime minister: Guy Verhofstadt

Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina history

High Representative: Wolfgang Petritsch
Chairman: Živko Radišić, then Martin Raguž, then Jozo Križanović, then Božidar Matić, then Zlatko Lagumdžija
Member: Ante Jelavić, then Živko Radišić, then Halid Genjac, then Beriz Belkić, then Jozo Križanović

BulgariaBulgaria history

President: Petar Stoyanov
Prime minister: Ivan Yordanov Kostov, then Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

CroatiaCroatia history

President: Stjepan Mesić
Prime minister: Ivica Račan

Czech RepublicCzech Republic history

President: Václav Havel
Prime Minister: Miloš Zeman

DenmarkDenmark history

Queen: Margrethe II
Prime minister: Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, then Anders Fogh Rasmussen

EstoniaEstonia history

President: Lennart Meri, then Arnold Rüütel
Prime minister: Mart Laar

FinlandFinland history

President: Tarja Halonen
Prime minister: Paavo Lipponen

FranceFrance history

President: Jacques Chirac
Prime minister: Lionel Jospin

Georgia

President: Eduard Shevardnadze
State minister: Giorgi Arsenishvili, then Avtandil Jorbenadze

GermanyGermany history

President: Johannes Rau
Chancellor: Gerhard Schröder

GreeceGreece history

President: Konstantinos Stephanopoulos
Prime minister: Costas Simitis

HungaryHungary history

President: Ferenc Mádl
Prime minister: Viktor Orbán

IcelandIceland history

President: Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
Prime minister: Davíð Oddsson

ItalyItaly history

President: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
Prime minister: Giuliano Amato, then Silvio Berlusconi

LatviaLatvia history

President: Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
Prime minister: Andris Bērziņš

Liechtenstein

Prince: Hans-Adam II
Prime minister: Mario Frick, then Otmar Hasler

LithuaniaLithuania history

President: Valdas Adamkus
Prime minister: Rolandas Paksas, then Algirdas Brazauskas
Acting Prime minister: Eugenijus Gentvilas

LuxembourgLuxembourg history

Grand Duke: Henri
Prime minister: Jean-Claude Juncker

MaltaMalta history

President: Guido de Marco
Prime minister: Eddie Fenech Adami

MoldovaMoldova history

President: Petru Lucinschi, then Vladimir Voronin
Prime minister: Dumitru Braghiș, then Vasile Tarlev

Monaco

Prince: Rainier III
Minister of state: Patrick Leclercq

NorwayNorway history

King: Harald V
Prime minister: Jens Stoltenberg, then Kjell Magne Bondevik

PolandPoland history

President: Aleksander Kwaśniewski
Prime minister: Jerzy Buzek, then Leszek Miller

PortugalPortugal history

President: Jorge Sampaio
Prime minister: António Guterres

Republic of Ireland

President: Mary McAleese
Taoiseach: Bertie Ahern

Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh

President: Arkadi Ghukasyan
President of the National Assembly: Oleg Yesayan

RomaniaRomania history

President: Ion Iliescu
Prime minister: Adrian Năstase

RussiaRussia history

President: Vladimir Putin
Prime minister: Mikhail Kasyanov

San Marino

Captains Regent: Gianfranco Terenzi, then Enzo Colombini, then Luigi Lonfernini, then Fabio Berardi

SlovakiaSlovakia history

President: Rudolf Schuster
Prime minister: Mikuláš Dzurinda

SloveniaSlovenia history

President: Milan Kučan
Prime minister: Janez Drnovšek

South Ossetia

Head of state; President: Lyudvig Chibirov
President: Eduard Kokoity
Prime minister: Merab Chigoev, then Dmitry Sanakoyev, then Gerasim Khugayev

SpainSpain history

King: Juan Carlos I
Prime minister: José María Aznar

SwedenSweden history

King: Carl XVI Gustaf
Prime minister: Göran Persson

SwitzerlandSwitzerland history

President of the Confederation: Moritz Leuenberger

The Netherlands

Queen: Beatrix
Prime minister: Wim Kok

UkraineUkraine history

President: Leonid Kuchma
Prime minister: Viktor Yushchenko, then Anatoliy Kinakh

United KingdomUnited Kingdom history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime Minister: Tony Blair

Vatican City

Sovereign: John Paul II

Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro

President: Vojislav Koštunica

Oceania

AustraliaAustralia history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: John Howard

Cook Islands, state in free association

Queen: Elizabeth II

Federated States of Micronesia

President: Leo Falcam

FijiFiji history

President: Josefa Iloilo
Prime minister: Laisenia Qarase
Acting Prime minister: Tevita Momoedonu

Kiribati

President: Teburoro Tito

Marshall Islands

President: Kessai Note

Nauru

President: Bernard Dowiyogo, then René Harris

New ZealandNew Zealand history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Helen Clark

Palau

President: Kuniwo Nakamura
Jr., President: Tommy Remengesau

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Mekere Morauta

SamoaSamoa history

O le Ao o le Malo: Malietoa Tanumafili II
Prime minister: Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi

Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands history

Queen: Elizabeth II
Prime minister: Manasseh Sogavare, then Allan Kemakeza

TongaTonga history

King: Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
Prime minister: Tupou VI, then known as ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho

Tuvalu

Queen: Elizabeth II
Acting Prime minister: Lagitupu Tuilimu
Prime minister: Faimalaga Luka, then Koloa Talake

VanuatuVanuatu history

President: John Bani
Prime minister: Barak Sopé