monarchical title based on claim to be a successor of Muhammad
15 dated entries naming Caliph, drawn from 15 separate years between 573 CE and 1938 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.
646Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Muslim Caliph (d. 705)source
656June 20 – Uthman ibn Affan, Muslim Caliph (b. 577) (martyred)source
8th century
724January 26 – (24 Sha'ban 105 AH) Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, becomes the new Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, which covers most of the Middle East, North Africa and Spain, after his brother Yazid II dies of tuberculosis following a 4-year reign. Hisham reigns for 19 years, during which he appoints Khalid al-Qasri as of Governor of Iraqsource
785Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi, Muslim Caliphsource
1841January 8 – Hakeem Noor-ud-Din, Muslim scholar, 1st Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Islam (d. 1914)source
1889January 12 – Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, 2nd Caliph of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Islam (d. 1965)source
20th century
1922November 19 – Abdülmecid II, Crown Prince of the Ottoman Empire, is elected Caliph.source
1938Majlis Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya is established by Khalifat-ul Masih II, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, the second Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.source