1451 CE

Pope Nicholas V issues a Papal Bull to establish The University of Glasgow; classes are initially held in Glasgow Cathedral. King Henry VI of England gives royal assent to the Attainder of John Cade Act 1450, confiscating the lands of Jack Cade, who had led a rebellion against the King in 1450. Cade is posthumously convicted of treason so that his estate will go directly to the King. A three-year truce is signed between Scotland and England at the Church of St Nicholas at Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

In the 1450s, the 15th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 27 – The Saxon Brother War between Frederick II, Elector of Saxony and William III, Landgrave of Thuringia is ended as two brothers sign a peace treaty at Naumburg.source
  • August 14 – A three-year truce is signed between Scotland and England at the Church of St Nicholas at Newcastle-upon-Tyne.source
  • September 10 – The Ottoman Empire renews its treaty with Republic of Venice and, on September 20, a truce with the Kingdom of Hungary.source
  • October 22 – Janos Hunyadi, Regent-Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary during the minority of the 11-year-old king, Ladislaus V, signs a peace treaty with the Holy Roman Emperor, Friedrich III.source
  • November 20 – Janos Hunyadi, Regent-Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary during the minority of the 11-year-old king, Ladislaus V, signs a 3-year truce with the Ottoman Empire.source
  • November 28 – At the Korean capital, Hanseong, Hwangbo In becomes the Chief State Councillor (Yeonguijeong) of the Kingdom of Korea as leader of the governing State Council, second in status only to King Munjong, replacing Ha Yeon.source
  • December 22 – (28 Zilhicce 855 AH) In Mamluk ruled Egypt, the Amir Asanbay al-Jamali al-Zahiri returns from a trip to the Ottoman Empire with a group of Ottoman diplomats, and the Mamluk Sultan Mehmed II hosts them at a banquet, granting them a private audience the next day. The Ottomans depart on January 17.source
  • Skennenrahawi, the Great Peacemaker, a chief Mohawk people, founds the Haudenosaunee, commonly called the Iroquois Confederacy, along with Jigonhsasee and Hiawatha. The Haudenosaunee is initially a political and cultural union of five Iroquoian-speaking Native American tribes (the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca) governing parts of the present-day state of New York, northern Pennsylvania, and the eastern portion of the provinces of Ontario, and Quebec.source

Conflict & Security

  • April 11 – Celje acquires market town status and town rights, by orders from Count Frederic II of Celje.source
  • April 19 – In the Delhi Sultanate, the Afghan Lodi Dynasty succeeds the Turkish Sayyid Dynasty as the Sayyid ruler Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah flees Delhi and Bahlul Khan Lodi takes the throne.source
  • May 31 – King Henry VI of England gives royal assent to the Attainder of John Cade Act 1450, confiscating the lands of Jack Cade, who had led a rebellion against the King in 1450. Cade is posthumously convicted of treason so that his estate will go directly to the King.source
  • June 30 – French troops under Jean de Dunois invade Guyenne, and capture Bordeaux.source
  • 30 June – French forces capture Bordeaux.Francesource
  • August 20 – The French capture Bayonne, the last English stronghold in Guyenne.source
  • 20 August – French forces take Bayonne the last remaining English stronghold in the region.Francesource
  • October 17 – After assassinating Bogdan II of Moldavia, Petru Aron takes up the throne.source
  • October 28 – Revolt of Ghent: Ghent takes up arms against Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 7 – Pope Nicholas V issues a Papal Bull to establish The University of Glasgow; classes are initially held in Glasgow Cathedral.source

Crime & Justice

  • July 31 – Jacques Coeur, accused of poisoning Agnes Sorel, mistress of King Charles VII of France, is arrested on the orders of the king and his large fortune is confiscated.source
  • Rathmacknee Castle believed to have been built by John Rosseter (Rossiter, Rositer, Rosceter), seneschal of the Liberty of Wexford.Irelandsource

Culture & Society

Births

  • January 14 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer (died 1522)source
  • January 29 – John, Prince of Portugal (died 1451)source
  • February 17 – Raffaello Maffei, Italian theologian (died 1522)source
  • March 5 – William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English earl (died 1491)source
  • March 9 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer (died 1512)source
  • April 22 – Queen Isabella I of Castile, Castillian queen regnant and first queen of a united Spain (by marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon) (died 1504)source
  • May 2 – René II, Duke of Lorraine (died 1508)source
  • May 17 – Engelbert II of Nassau, Count of Nassau-Vianden and Lord of Breda (1475–1504) (died 1504)source
  • June 1 – Giles Daubeney, 1st Baron Daubeney, English soldier, diplomat, courtier and politician (died 1508)source
  • July 10 – James III of Scotland (died 1488)source
  • September 5 – Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence, elder daughter of Richard Neville (died 1476)source
  • November 29 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Württemberg (died 1524)source
  • Christopher Columbus, Italian-born explorer (died 1506)source
  • Ignatius Noah of Lebanon, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (died 1509).source

Deaths

  • January 7 – Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, aka Antipope Felix V (born 1383)source
  • January 18 – Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Co-ruler of Nassau-Siegen (1442–1451) (born 1414)source
  • February 3 – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (born 1404)source
  • February 3 – Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded (on February 18) by his son, Mehmed II.source
  • June – Abdullah Mirza, Timurid Empire rulersource
  • July 11 – Barbara of Cilli, Holy Roman Empress, queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia (born 1392)source
  • October – Bogdan II of Moldavia, assassinated by Petru Aronsource
  • Stefan Lochner, German painter (born 1400)source
  • John Lydgate, English monk and poet (born 1370)source
  • al-Mustakfi II, Abbasid Caliphsource
  • Murcadh Ó Madadhan, Chief of Síol Anmchadha.Irelandsource
  • Margaret O'Connor, better known by her maiden name Margaret O'Carroll.Irelandsource