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Liao dynasty

Khitan imperial dynasty in East Asia (916-1125), controlling northern and northeastern China, Mongolia, Russian Far East and North Korea

52 dated entries naming Liao dynasty, drawn from 46 separate years between 872 CE and 1101 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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9th century

  • 872Abaoji, ruler (khagan) of the Khitan Empire (d. 926)source
  • 879October 19 – Yingtian, empress of the Khitan Liao Dynasty (d. 953)source
  • 899Yelü Bei, prince of the Liao Dynasty (d. 937)source

10th century

  • 902November 25 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 947)source
  • 907February 27 – Abaoji, ruler (khagan) of the confederation of Khitans, proclaims himself emperor and establishes the Liao dynasty, killing most of the other Khitan chieftains. He occupies territories along China's northern border including parts of Hebei and Shanxi provinces.source
  • 916Abaoji, Khitan ruler and founder of the Liao Dynasty, adopts Chinese court formalities in which he declares himself emperor in the Chinese style and adopts an era name, Taizu of Liao. He names his eldest son Yelü Bei as heir apparent, a first in the history of the Khitan. Abaoji leads a campaign in the west, conquering much of the Mongolian Plains.source
  • 918Emperor Taizu of the Khitan Empire occupies a newly walled city called Shangjing (modern-day Inner Mongolia), meaning Supreme Capital. It becomes the residence of the Chinese Liao dynasty.source
  • 919January 29 – Shi Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 951)source
  • 921The Later Liang Dynasty reports that all "barbarian" tribes have been pacified by the Khitan Empire.source
  • 924Emperor Taizu of the Liao Dynasty leads a campaign to the West. He reaches the former capital of the Uyghur Khaganate, Ordu-Baliq, on the Orkhon River. The Zubu begin to pay tribute to the Khitan Empire.source
  • 926September 6 – Emperor Taizu dies after a 10-year reign. He is succeeded by his second son Tai Zong (Yaogu) as ruler of the Chinese Liao Dynasty. Taizu's eldest son Yelü Bei (designated heir apparent) becomes ruler of the Dongdan Kingdom (former Balhae), a puppet state of the Khitan Empire.source
  • 926September 6 – Abaoji (Taizu), emperor of the Khitan Empiresource
  • 930Yelü Bei, prince and elder brother of the Liao dynasty (Khitan) Emperor Taizong, leaves for China.source
  • 931September 19 – Mu Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 969)source
  • 936February 13 – Xiao Wen, empress of the Liao Dynastysource
  • 936November 28 – Shi Jingtang is enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Tai Zong, ruler of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty, following a revolt against his rival, emperor Fei of Later Tang.source
  • 938The Sixteen Prefectures, which includes the area around modern-day Beijing, are absorbed in the Khitan Empire.source
  • 947January 11 – Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty invades the Later Jin (Five Dynasties), resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin. Khitan forces head southwards to the Yellow River, but must return to their base in present-day Beijing in May after Tai Zong dies of an illness.source
  • 947May 18 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 902)source
  • 948September 1 – Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 982)source
  • 949Xiao Han, general of the Khitan Liao dynastysource
  • 951February 9 – The Northern Han Kingdom is founded by Liu Chong (called Shizu) in modern-day Shanxi who restores the diplomatic relations with the Khitans. Northern Han becomes a protectorate of the Liao dynasty.source
  • 951October 7 – Shi Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (b. 919)source
  • 957In China the Longquan Monastery is founded during the Liao Dynasty.source
  • 958Emperor Chai Rong of the Later Zhou invades the Northern Han and the Khitan Empire in the Sixteen Prefectures (northern China), but is defeated.source
  • 969March 12 – Mu Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (b. 931)source
  • 972January 16 – Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 1031)source
  • 974The Liao Dynasty exchanges ambassadors with the Song Dynasty on New Years Day (Spring Festival).source
  • 979Battle of Gaoliang River: Emperor Tai Zong leads an expedition into You Prefecture (or Youzhou). The Liao Dynasty counter-attacks and defeats the Song forces near modern-day Beijing.source
  • 982October 13 – Chinese Emperor Jingzong dies in camp during a hunting trip after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son, Shengzong, as ruler of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty. His mother, Empress Dowager Xiao Yanyan becomes the regent.source
  • 982October 13 – Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 948)source
  • 983Emperor Sheng Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty leads an expeditionary force against the Zubu after they killed their own khan and begin to act in defiance of the Khitan.source
  • 986Summer – Chi Go Pass Campaign: The Song Dynasty sends armies on three fronts against the Liao Dynasty in the Sixteen Prefectures, but they are defeated on all fronts.source
  • 988The Liao dynasty adopts civil service examinations in the 'Southern Chancellery', based on Tang dynasty models (approximate date).source
  • 995Goryeo-Khitan War: Negotiations led by the Korean diplomat Sŏ Hŭi prevents a fullscale invasion of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty. King Seongjong accepts Liao's demands – and agrees to end the alliance with the Chinese Song Dynasty. Goryeo becomes a Liao tributary state, the Khitan army (60,000 men) withdraws while Seongjong orders the Korean border defenses strengthened.source
  • 996The Niujie Mosque is constructed in Beijing during the Liao Dynasty. The first mosque is built under supervision of the Muslim architect Nazaruddin.source
  • 998Yelü Xiuge, general and politician of the Liao Dynastysource

11th century

  • 1003Emperor Sheng Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty leads an expedition into Mongolia and subdues the Zubu tribe who are forced to pay an annual tribute.source
  • 1004Summer – Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao launches a major offensive against the Song dynasty. He invades Shanyang and threatens the Song capital of Kaifeng (approximate date).source
  • 1005January 13–18 – The Shanyuan Treaty is negotiated between the Liao dynasty and the Song dynasty. The Song government agrees to pay an annual tribute of 200,000 bolts of raw silk and 100,000 taels of silver, ending the northern border clashes against Liao.source
  • 1010Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War: The Goryeo king is unseated in a revolt, resulting in an invasion by the Liao dynasty, and the burning of the Korean capital Gaegyeong.source
  • 1016April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)source
  • 1018December – Goryeo–Khitan War: Khitan forces of the Liao dynasty invade Goryeo (North Korea). Goryeo forces led by General Kang Kam-ch'an annihilates the Khitan army at Kusong.source
  • 1019March 10 – Battle of Gwiju: Korean forces, led by General Kang Kam-ch'an, gain a decisive victory over the Khitan Liao Dynasty at modern-day Kusong, ending the Third Goryeo-Khitan War.source
  • 1026A Zubu revolt against the Liao dynasty is suppressed, with the Zubu forced to pay an annual tribute of horses, camels and furs.source
  • 1031June 25 – Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 972)source
  • 1040Xiao Guanyin, Chinese empress consort of the Liao dynasty (d. 1075)source
  • 1056The Pagoda of Fogong Temple at Shanxi in northern China is built during the Liao dynasty. Work begins on the Pizhi Pagoda of Lingyan Temple at Shandong under the opposing Song dynasty.source
  • 1075Summer – Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, solves a border dispute with the Liao dynasty by dredging up old diplomatic records. He refutes Emperor Dao Zong's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern-day Pingquan), reestablishing the rightful borders of the Song dynasty.source
  • 1075June 5 – Tianzuo (Yanning), last emperor of the Liao dynastysource
  • 1100The Liao dynasty crushes the Zubu, a tribute state of the Khitan Empire, and takes their khan prisoner.source

12th century

  • 1101A vast compilation of Liao, Korean, and Song Buddhist writings is completed (approximate date).source

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