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Shapur I

second Sassanid emperor (r. 241–272)

17 dated entries naming Shapur I, drawn from 15 separate years between 240 CE and 274 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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3rd century

  • 240April 12 – Prince Shapur I becomes co-ruler of the Sasanian Empire with his father King Ardashir I.source
  • 242Emperor Gordian III begins a campaign against King Shapur I, and leads victories at Antioch, Carrhae, Nisibis, and Resaina.source
  • 243Battle of Resaena: A Roman army under Timesitheus defeats the Sassanids at Resaena (modern Syria); King Shapur I is forced to flee to the Euphrates.source
  • 244Around February 11 – Battle of Misiche: King Shapur I and his Iranian army defeats the Roman army.source
  • 251Sassanid King Shapur I orders an invasion of Syria, with the intent of finally capturing the city of Antioch during the campaign of 251–254.source
  • 252Battle of Barbalissos: King Shapur I defeats the Roman army (some 70,000 men) at Barbalissos in Syria (approximate date).source
  • 253Battle of Barbalissos: King Shapur I, defeats a Roman field army at Barbalissos in Syria.source
  • 256King Shapur I of the Sasanian Empire invades Mesopotamia and Syria. He conquers and plunders Antioch, destroys Dura-Europos, and sacks the Anatolian city of Zeugma on the Euphrates. A devastating fire and an earthquake soon follow, causing Zeugma to be abandoned.source
  • 257Emperor Valerian recovers Antioch, Syria from King Shapur I of Persia.source
  • 259Emperor Valerian leads an army (70,000 men) to relieve Edessa, besieged by the forces of Persian King Shapur I. An outbreak of a plague kills many legionaries, weakening the Roman position in Syria.source
  • 260King Shapur I captures Valerian.source
  • 260Persian king Shapur I destroys Caesarea Mazaca in Asia Minor.source
  • 270Shapur I (the Great), ruler of the Sassanid Empiresource
  • 271King Shapur I builds the Academy of Gundishapur (Iran), which becomes the intellectual center of the Sassanid Empire.source
  • 271Shapur I of the Sasanian Empire dies, and his successor, his son Hormizd I, leads an army against nomads in Sogdiana, perhaps taking command of a war that had begun under his father. (Note: Some scholars date Shapur's death to 270 or 272)source
  • 272Shapur I (the Great), king of the Sassanid Empiresource
  • 274March 2 – Mani, a sage of Persia, dies at Gundeshapur after 30 years of preaching his "heresy" at the court of the late Sassanian King Shapur I and on long journeys to Khorasan, India and China. He is executed or allowed to die in prison, and claims to be a prophet of God. Mani combines Zoroastrian dualism with Christian theology, and his disciples gain wide support for Manichaeism, despite opposition from Roman Emperors.source

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