World leaders in 1900
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1900, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1900 →
Major powers in 1900
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- William McKinley
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas II
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Guangxu
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Émile Loubet
- President of the Council of ministers
- Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, then Bernhard von Bülow
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Meiji
- Prime minister
- Yamagata Aritomo, then Itō Hirobumi
Africa
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
Congo Free State
- Sovereign
- Leopold II of Belgium
Ethiopian Empire
- Emperor
- Menelik II
Khedivate of EgyptEgypt history
- Khedive
- Abbas II
- Prime minister
- Mostafa Fahmy Pasha
Kingdom of AshantiGhana history
- Asantehene
- Prempeh I
Kingdom of Rwanda
- King
- Yuhi V Musinga
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- William D. Coleman, then Garretson W. Gibson
Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Abdelaziz
Sokoto CaliphateNigeria history
- Sultan
- Abdur Rahman Atiku
Sultanate of Mwali
- Queen/Sultan
- Salima Machamba
Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Sultan
- Hamoud
Americas
Argentine RepublicArgentina history
- President
- Julio Argentino Roca
CanadaCanada history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- Wilfrid Laurier
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Tomás Regalado
First Brazilian RepublicBrazil history
- President
- Campos Sales
HondurasHonduras history
- President
- Terencio Sierra
NicaraguaNicaragua history
- President
- José Santos Zelaya
Parliamentary Era ChileChile history
- President
- Federico Errázuriz Echaurren
Republic of BoliviaBolivia history
- President
- José Manuel Pando
Republic of ColombiaColombia history
- President
- Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, then José Manuel Marroquín
Republic of EcuadorEcuador history
- President
- Eloy Alfaro
Republic of GuatemalaGuatemala history
- President
- Manuel Estrada Cabrera
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- Emilio Aceval
Republic of PeruPeru history
- Constitutional President
- Eduardo López de Romaña
Second Haitian RepublicHaiti history
- President
- Tirésias Simon Sam
United Mexican StatesMexico history
- President
- Porfirio Díaz
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- William McKinley
United States of VenezuelaVenezuela history
- President
- Cipriano Castro
Asia
Aceh SultanateIndonesia history
Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynastyAfghanistan history
Emirate of BukharaUzbekistan history
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Meiji
- Prime minister
- Yamagata Aritomo, then Itō Hirobumi
First Philippine RepublicPhilippines history
- President of the First Republic
- Emilio Aguinaldo
French Protectorate of Luang PhrabangLaos history
- King
- Zakarine
Hakims of BahrainBahrain history
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Kingdom of ChampasakLaos history
- King
- Ratsadanay
Korean Empire
- Emperor
- Gojong
Negeri SembilanMalaysia history
- Yamtuan
- Muhammad
Ottoman EmpireTurkey history
- Sultan
- Abdul Hamid II
- Grand Vizier
- Halil Rifat Pasha
Perak Sultanate: Siak dynastyMalaysia history
Protectorate of BruneiBrunei history
QatarQatar history
Qing dynastyChina history
- Emperor
- Guangxu
Rattanakosin Kingdom of SiamThailand history
- King
- Chulalongkorn
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Sulaiman
Sheikhdom of Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of AjmanUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of DubaiUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of FujairahUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Mubarak I
Sheikhdom of Ras Al KhaimahUnited Arab Emirates history
Sheikhdom of Umm Al QuwainUnited Arab Emirates history
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman: Al Busaidi dynastyOman history
- Sultan
- Faisal
Surakarta SunanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakubuwono X
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Zainal Abidin III
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono VII
Europe
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Salvador Casañas y Pagés
- French Co-Prince
- Émile Loubet
Austria-Hungary: Archduchy/ Austrian Empire/ Kingdom of Hungary
- Emperor and King
- Franz Joseph I
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Leopold II
- Prime minister
- Paul de Smet de Naeyer
Bourbon Restoration of SpainSpain history
- King
- Alfonso XIII
- Prime minister
- Francisco Silvela, then Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero
DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Christian IX
- Council president
- Hugo Egmont Hørring, then Hannibal Sehested
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Émile Loubet
- President of the Council of ministers
- Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
German EmpireGermany history
- Emperor
- Wilhelm II
- Chancellor
- Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, then Bernhard von Bülow
Grand Duchy of FinlandFinland history
- Grand Prince
- Nicholas II
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
- Grand Duke
- Peter II
Kingdom of Bohemia
- King
- Francis Joseph
Kingdom of Croatia-SlavoniaCroatia history
- King
- Franz Joseph
Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaUkraine history
- King
- Francis Joseph I
Kingdom of GreeceGreece history
- King
- George I
- Prime minister
- Georgios Theotokis
Kingdom of ItalyItaly history
- King
- Umberto I, then Victor Emmanuel III
- Prime minister
- Luigi Pelloux, then Giuseppe Saracco
Kingdom of PortugalPortugal history
- King
- Carlos I
Kingdom of RomaniaRomania history
- King
- Charles I
- Prime minister
- Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, then Petre P. Carp
Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia history
- President of the ministry
- Vladan Đorđević
Kingdom of the NetherlandsNetherlands history
- Queen
- Wilhelmina
- Prime minister
- Nicolaas Pierson
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Johann II
LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duke
- Adolphe
- Prime minister
- Paul Eyschen
Monaco
- Prince
- Albert I
Papal States
- Pope
- Leo XIII
Principality of BulgariaBulgaria history
- Prince
- Ferdinand I
Principality of MontenegroMontenegro history
- President
- Božo Petrović-Njegoš
Russian EmpireRussia history
- Emperor
- Nicholas II
San Marino
- Captains Regent
- Domenico Fattori
Sweden–Norway
- King
- Oscar II
- Prime minister
- Erik Gustaf Boström, then Otto Blehr, then Johannes Steen, then Fredrik von Otter
SwitzerlandSwitzerland history
- President of the Confederation
- Walter Hauser
United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- Queen
- Victoria
- Prime minister
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
Oceania
Tuʻi Kanokupolu of TongaTonga history
- King
- George Tupou II