World leaders in 1923
Everyone who held a state’s top posts at some point in 1923, in the order they held them. Names are from Wikipedia’s list of state leaders and appear only where the person’s Wikidata record agrees on the post and the years. What happened in 1923 →
Major powers in 1923
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Warren G. Harding, then Calvin Coolidge
United KingdomUnited Kingdom history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Bonar Law, then Stanley Baldwin
Soviet UnionRussia history
- General Secretary
- Joseph Stalin
- Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets
- Mikhail Kalinin
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
- Vladimir Lenin
Republic of China (1916–1949)China history
- President
- Cao Kun
- Acting Premier
- Wang Zhengting
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Alexandre Millerand
- President of the Council of ministers
- Raymond Poincaré
Weimar Republic of GermanyGermany history
- President
- Friedrich Ebert
- Chancellor
- Wilhelm Cuno, then Gustav Stresemann, then Wilhelm Marx
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Taishō
- Prime minister
- Katō Tomosaburō, then Yamamoto Gonnohyōe
- Acting Prime minister
- Uchida Kosai
Africa
Beylik of TunisTunisia history
- Prime minister
- Mustapha Dinguizli
Ethiopian Empire
- Empress
- Zewditu I
Kingdom of EgyptEgypt history
- Prime minister
- Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, then Yehya Ibrahim Pasha
Kingdom of Rwanda
- King
- Yuhi V Musinga
LiberiaLiberia history
- President
- Charles D. B. King
Republic of the Rif
- President
- Abd el-Krim
Sultanate of Morocco: Alaouite dynasty
- Sultan
- Yusef
Sultanate of Zanzibar
- Sultan
- Khalifa II
Union of South AfricaSouth Africa history
Americas
Argentine RepublicArgentina history
- President
- Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
BoliviaBolivia history
- President
- Bautista Saavedra
CanadaCanada history
- Prime minister
- William Lyon Mackenzie King
Dominion of NewfoundlandCanada history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- William Warren
El SalvadorEl Salvador history
- President
- Jorge Meléndez, then Alfonso Quiñónez Molina
First Brazilian RepublicBrazil history
- President
- Artur Bernardes
First Costa Rican RepublicCosta Rica history
- President
- Julio Acosta García
GuatemalaGuatemala history
- President
- José María Orellana
HondurasHonduras history
- President
- Rafael López Gutiérrez
MexicoMexico history
- President
- Álvaro Obregón
NicaraguaNicaragua history
- President
- Diego Manuel Chamorro, then Bartolomé Martínez
- Acting President
- Rosendo Chamorro
Parliamentary Era ChileChile history
- President
- Arturo Alessandri
Republic of ColombiaColombia history
- President
- Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez
Republic of CubaCuba history
- President
- Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso
Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)Haiti history
- President
- Louis Borno
Republic of ParaguayParaguay history
- President
- Eusebio Ayala, then Eligio Ayala
Republic of PeruPeru history
- Constitutional President
- Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
United StatesUnited States history
- President
- Warren G. Harding, then Calvin Coolidge
United States of VenezuelaVenezuela history
- President
- Juan Vicente Gómez
UruguayUruguay history
- President
- Baltasar Brum
Asia
Ankara Government of Turkey (1920–1923)Turkey history
- Prime minister
- Rauf Orbay, then Fethi Okyar
Bogd Khanate of MongoliaMongolia history
- Khagan
- Bogd Khan
Emirate of Abu DhabiTurkey history
Emirate of AjmanTurkey history
Emirate of DubaiTurkey history
Emirate of FujairahTurkey history
Emirate of Ras Al KhaimahTurkey history
Emirate of SharjahTurkey history
Empire of JapanJapan history
- Emperor
- Taishō
- Prime minister
- Katō Tomosaburō, then Yamamoto Gonnohyōe
- Acting Prime minister
- Uchida Kosai
French Protectorate of Luang PhrabangLaos history
- King of Luang Phrabang
- Sisavang Vong
Hakims of BahrainBahrain history
Kedah SultanateMalaysia history
Kingdom of HejazSaudi Arabia history
- King
- Hussein bin Ali
Mandatory Iraq: Kingdom of Iraq under British AdministrationIraq history
- King
- Faisal I
- Prime minister
- Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun, then Jaafar Al-Askari
Negeri SembilanMalaysia history
- Yamtuan
- Muhammad
Nguyễn dynastyVietnam history
- Emperor
- Khải Định
North Yemen: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of YemenYemen history
PakualamanIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakualam VII
Perak Sultanate: Siak dynastyMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Iskandar
Protectorate of BruneiBrunei history
- Sultan
- Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
QatarQatar history
Republic of China (1916–1949)China history
- President
- Cao Kun
- Acting Premier
- Wang Zhengting
Republic of TurkeyTurkey history
- President
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- Prime minister
- İsmet İnönü
Selangor SultanateMalaysia history
- Sultan
- Sulaiman
Sheikhdom of KuwaitKuwait history
- Sheikh
- Ahmad I
Siam/Thailand: Rattanakosin KingdomThailand history
- King
- Vajiravudh
Sublime State of Persia: Qajar dynastyIran history
- Shah
- Ahmad Shah Qajar
Sultanate of Siak Sri IndrapuraIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Syarif Kasim II
Sultanate/ State of Muscat and OmanOman history
- Sultan
- Taimur
Surakarta SunanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Pakubuwono X
Terengganu SultanateMalaysia history
Umm Al QuwainTurkey history
Yogyakarta SultanateIndonesia history
- Sultan
- Hamengkubuwono VIII
Europe
Andorra
- Episcopal Co-Prince
- Justí Guitart i Vilardebó
- French Co-Prince
- Alexandre Millerand
BelgiumBelgium history
- King
- Albert I
- Prime minister
- Georges Theunis
Bourbon Restoration of SpainSpain history
- King
- Alfonso XIII
Czechoslovakia: First Republic
- President
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
- Prime Minister
- Antonín Švehla
Fascist Italy (1922–1943)Italy history
- Prime Minister
- Benito Mussolini
First Austrian Republic/ Federal State of AustriaAustria history
- President
- Michael Hainisch
- Chancellor
- Ignaz Seipel
First Portuguese RepublicPortugal history
- President
- António José de Almeida, then Manuel Teixeira Gomes
French Third RepublicFrance history
- President
- Alexandre Millerand
- President of the Council of ministers
- Raymond Poincaré
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgLuxembourg history
- Grand Duchess
- Charlotte
- Prime minister
- Émile Reuter
Irish Free StateIreland history
- King
- George V
- President of the Executive Council
- W. T. Cosgrave
Kingdom of BulgariaBulgaria history
- Tsar
- Boris III
- Prime minister
- Aleksandar Stamboliyski, then Aleksandar Tsankov
Kingdom of DenmarkDenmark history
- King
- Christian X
- Prime minister
- Niels Neergaard
Kingdom of GreeceGreece history
- King
- George II
- Prime minister
- Stylianos Gonatas
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)Hungary history
- Regent
- Miklós Horthy
- Prime minister
- István Bethlen
Kingdom of IcelandIceland history
- King
- Christian X
- Prime minister
- Sigurður Eggerz
Kingdom of ItalyItaly history
- Prime minister
- Benito Mussolini
Kingdom of NorwayNorway history
- King
- Haakon VII
- Prime minister
- Otto Blehr, then Otto Bahr Halvorsen, then Abraham Berge
Kingdom of RomaniaRomania history
- King
- Ferdinand I
- Prime minister
- Ion I. C. Brătianu
Kingdom of Serbia / Yugoslavia: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of SwedenSweden history
- King
- Gustaf V
- Prime minister
- Hjalmar Branting, then Ernst Trygger
Liechtenstein
- Prince
- Johann II
- Prime Minister
- Gustav Schädler
Monaco
- Prince
- Louis II
- Minister of state
- Raymond Le Bourdon, then Maurice Piette
NetherlandsNetherlands history
- Queen
- Wilhelmina
- Prime minister
- Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
Principality of AlbaniaAlbania history
- Prince in exile
- Wilhelm
- Prime Minister
- Ahmet Zogu
Republic of EstoniaEstonia history
- State Elder
- Juhan Kukk, then Konstantin Päts
Republic of FinlandFinland history
- President
- Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
- Prime minister
- Kyösti Kallio
Republic of LatviaLatvia history
- President
- Jānis Čakste
- Prime minister
- Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, then Jānis Pauļuks
Republic of LithuaniaLithuania history
- President
- Aleksandras Stulginskis
- Prime minister
- Ernestas Galvanauskas
San Marino
- Captains Regent
- Giuliano Gozi
Second Polish RepublicPoland history
- President
- Stanisław Wojciechowski
- Prime minister
- Władysław Sikorski, then Wincenty Witos, then Władysław Grabski
Soviet UnionRussia history
- General Secretary
- Joseph Stalin
- Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets
- Mikhail Kalinin
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
- Vladimir Lenin
SwitzerlandSwitzerland history
- President of the Confederation
- Karl Scheurer
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnited Kingdom history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Bonar Law, then Stanley Baldwin
Weimar Republic of GermanyGermany history
- President
- Friedrich Ebert
- Chancellor
- Wilhelm Cuno, then Gustav Stresemann, then Wilhelm Marx
Oceania
AustraliaAustralia history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- Billy Hughes, then Stanley Bruce
Dominion of New ZealandNew Zealand history
- King
- George V
- Prime minister
- William Massey
Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)Tonga history
- King
- Sālote Tupou III
- Prime minister
- Viliami Tungi Mailefihi