Lord Protector
title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state, including Oliver Cromwell
17 dated entries naming Lord Protector, drawn from 10 separate years between 1455 CE and 1660 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.
Also written as Lord Protector of England in the source articles; Wikipedia redirects those to the same subject, so their entries are on this page.
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15th century
- 145519 November – The Duke of York is reinstated as Lord Protector, acting as regent for the King.source
- 145625 February – Richard, Duke of York is dismissed as Lord Protector, effectively regent for the King, for the second time.source
- 1456February 25 – As King Henry VI of England recovers from a three-month bout with mental illness, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York steps down as Protector of the Realm and the King resumes his duties. The Duke of York had served as regent since November 19, and had previously been Lord Protector for 10 months during 1454 and 1455.source
16th century
- 1549October 11 – Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, the Lord Protector of England and Lord High Treasurer since 1547, is arrested on orders of the Regency Council on charges of "ambition, vainglory, entering into rash wars" as well as malfeasance and improper use of the royal treasury.source
- 1551October 11 – John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, de facto Lord Protector of the Kingdom of England, is created Duke of Northumberland.source
17th century
- 1653December 16 – The Instrument of Government in England becomes Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, being advised by a remodelled English Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.source
- 165316 December – Instrument of Government: Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, being advised by a remodelled Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.source
- 1653December 16 – Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.source
- 1656February 23 – London's Lord Mayor Christopher Packe suggests to Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector and chief executive of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, that the monarchy should be restored with Cromwell as its King. Cromwell declines to become King Oliver, but his right to name his successor becomes effective on May 25, 1657 with the commencement of the Humble Petition and Advice.source
- 1657May 8 – Lord Protector Cromwell confirms his refusal of the crown of England, preferring the title "Lord Protector".source
- 165726 June – Cromwell is installed as Lord Protector for the second time at a ceremony at Westminster.source
- 1658September 3 – Richard Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland upon the death of his father, Oliver Cromwell.source
- 1658September 3 – Oliver Cromwell dies and his son Richard assumes his father's position as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.source
- 16583 September – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector (born 1599)source
- 1659April 22 – Under pressure from the English Army in London, which has assembled troops outside of Westminster, Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, dissolves the Third Protectorate Parliament, the last for the Commonwealth.source
- 165925 May – Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) resigns as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.source
- 1660July – Richard Cromwell, the last Lord Protector of England during its years as a republic, leaves the British Isles quietly and goes into exile in France, taking on an alias as "John Clarke".source