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Ireland

island in the North Atlantic Ocean

271 dated entries naming Ireland, drawn from 246 separate years between 1684 BCE and 2025 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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17th century BC

7th century BC

  • 658 BCEEnd of the rule of Énna Derg in Ireland (according to Foras Feasa ar Éirinn by Geoffrey Keating).source

3rd century

  • 241November 1 – The Battle of Samhain is fought in Ireland (approximate date).source

4th century

  • 367Great Conspiracy: The Roman garrison on Hadrian's Wall revolts and allows Picts from Caledonia to devastate Britain. Simultaneously Attacotti, the Scotti from Hibernia (Ireland), and the Saxons from Germania invade the island's mid-western and south-eastern borders. They sack the cities and murder, rape or enslave Romano-British civilians.source
  • 368Winter – The barbarians are driven back to their homelands, Hadrian's Wall is retaken and order returns to the Roman diocese. Theodosius reorganises the abandoned forts and mounts punitive expeditions in Hibernia (Ireland).source
  • 379Niall becomes High King of Ireland.source
  • 385Saint Patrick, missionary in Ireland (approximate date)source

5th century

  • 430Saint Patrick reaches Ireland on his missionary expedition (approximate date).source
  • 431Pope Celestine I dispatches Palladius to serve as bishop to the Irish.source
  • 440Amalgaid mac Fiachrae, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 444The Irish city of Armagh is founded by Saint Patrick the Great.source
  • 445Ireland: The Diocese of Armagh is created.source
  • 446The Cor Tewdws (College of Theodosius), Llantwit Major (Wales), is supposedly burned down by Irish pirates.source
  • 446Mac Cairthinn mac Coelboth, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 454Ireland: The Diocese of Clogher is erected.source
  • 461Palladius, first bishop of Ireland (approximate date)source
  • 465Eógan mac Néill, king of Tír Eoghain (Ireland)source
  • 471The army of King Ceretic of Strathclyde raids the Irish coast, carries off some of Saint Patrick's followers, and sells them into slavery (approximate date).source
  • 480Ireland: The Diocese of Connor is erected.source
  • 480Conall Cremthainne, king of Uisneach (Ireland)source
  • 482Ailill Molt, High King of Ireland (approximate date)source
  • 483Crimthann mac Énnai, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 493March 17 (approximate date) – Saint Patrick, Romano-British Christian missionary, patron saint of Irelandsource
  • 500Approximate year of the invention of the bee skep in Ireland.source
  • 500Dauí Tenga Uma, king of Connacht (Ireland)source

6th century

  • 518Moninne of Killeavy, one of Ireland's early women saints (approximate date)source
  • 519In Ireland, the Diocese of Kildare is erected.source
  • 520Ardgal mac Conaill, king of Uisneach (Ireland)source
  • 542Eógan Bél, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 549The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory (which still exists) is founded in Ireland.source
  • 549January – Ailill Inbanda, king of Connacht (Ireland) (killed in battle)source
  • 550In Ireland, the Diocese of Tuam is erected.source
  • 552The Roman Catholic Diocese of Meath is established in Ireland.source
  • 556Echu Tirmcharna, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 561The Battle of Cúl Drebene (modern Ireland) is fought between the Northern and Southern Uí Néill (approximate date).source
  • 572Eochaid mac Domnaill, High King of Irelandsource
  • 575Áed mac Echach, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 577Brendan, Irish abbot (approximate date)source
  • 600Irish missionaries preach in Scotland and Germany (approximate date).source
  • 600Aedh Buidhe, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source

7th century

  • 603Schuttern Abbey (Germany) is founded by the wandering Irish monk Offo.source
  • 605Brandub mac Echach, king of Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)source
  • 628Suibne Menn, High King of Irelandsource
  • 632October 29 – Saint Colman mac Duagh, Irish abbot and bishopsource
  • 637Congal Cáech, high king of Dál nAraidi (Ireland)source
  • 637June 24 – Battle of Mag Rath: King Oswald of Northumbria sends troops to Ireland, to assist Domnall Brecc King of Dál Riata in his alliance with King Congal Cáech of Ulaid against Domnall mac Áedo High King of Ireland, during the Irish dynastic wars. Domnall Brecc, Congal and their forces are defeated near Moira. At the Mull of Kintyre (southwest Scotland), Domnall mac Áedo's fleet destroys Domnall Brecc's naval force of Dál Riata.source
  • 639Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 653Marcán mac Tommáin, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 654Conall Cóel, high king of Irelandsource
  • 656Crundmáel Erbuilc, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)source
  • 663Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 6641 May – A solar eclipse affects areas along a line from Central America, through eastern North America, the North Atlantic, Ireland, Great Britain and Germany.source
  • 668Colman of Lindisfarne, accompanied by 30 disciples, sails for Ireland, settling down at Inishbofin and founds a monastery.source
  • 691Fithceallach mac Flainn, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 693Fáelchar ua Máele Ódrain, king of Osraige (Ireland)source
  • 697Council of Birr: The northern part of Ireland accepts the Roman calculations for celebrating Easter. At this synod Adomnán, abbot of Iona (Scotland), promulgates his Cáin Adomnáin ("Law of the Innocents").source

8th century

  • 705Cellach mac Rogallaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 711Seachnasach, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 712Bran ua Máele Dúin, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)source
  • 715Winning, an Irish monk, lands at the mouth of the River Garnock in Scotland, and establishes a community or cell of monks (termed cella or "Kil" in Gaelic).source
  • 724Cináed mac Írgalaig, also known as "the one-eyed", becomes High King of Ireland.source
  • 727Murchad mac Brain Mut, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 728Domnall mac Cellaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 735Cathal mac Muiredaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 738Áed mac Colggen, king of the Uí Cheinnselaig (Ireland)source
  • 742Áed Balb mac Indrechtaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 745Cathal Maenmaighe, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 746Maelimarchair, bishop of Aughrim (Ireland)source
  • 748Indrechtach mac Dungalaig, king of Brega (Ireland)source
  • 749Ailello hui Daimine, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 750Inreachtach mac Dluthach, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 751Fergus mac Fogartaig, king of Brega (Ireland)source
  • 759Dúngal mac Amalgado, king of Brega (Ireland)source
  • 760Muiredach mac Murchado, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 761Donngal mac Laidcnén, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)source
  • 765The Annals of Tigernach tell of a shortage of bread in Ireland.source
  • 765Flaithbertach mac Loingsig, High King of Irelandsource
  • 766Fallomon mac Con Congalt, king of Mide (Ireland)source
  • 767Aedh Ailghin, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 768Dub-Indrecht mac Cathail, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 769Tallaght Monastery is founded in Ireland by Máel Ruain; it becomes a centre of learning and piety, particularly associated with the Culdees' (Céli Dé) spiritual reform movement.source
  • 769Conchubhar mac Cumasgach, king of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne (Ireland)source
  • 770Cennselach mac Brain, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)source
  • 771Coirpre mac Fogartaig, king of Brega (Ireland)source
  • 772Dúngal mac Cellaig, king of Osraige (Ireland)source
  • 773Donn Cothaid mac Cathail, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 776Nuada ua Bolcain, abbot of Tuam (Ireland)source
  • 776Cellach mac Dúnchada, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 777Feardomhnach, abbot of Tuam (Ireland)source
  • 778Congalach mac Conaing, king of South Brega (Ireland)source
  • 780Dunchadh ua Daimhine, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 782Conall mac Fidhghal, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)source
  • 786Diarmait mac Conaing, king of South Brega (Ireland)source
  • 789The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the first appearance of Vikings in England. The Viking raid on Portland in Dorset is the first of its kind recorded in the British Isles, including Ireland. The reeve of Dorchester (a local high-ranking official) goes to greet them after they land, perhaps accustomed to welcoming Scandinavian merchants. He is killed. Viking attacks increase in intensity over the coming decades.source
  • 789Fiachnae mac Áedo Róin, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 790Irish monks (known as the Papar), possibly members of a Hiberno-Scottish mission, supposedly reach Iceland in hide-covered coracles, and begin settlements (approximate date). However, the evidence for this is scant.source
  • 791Artgal mac Cathail, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 792Cináed mac Artgail, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 795In the earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland, they attack the monasteries at Iona (Inner Hebrides), Inishbofin and Inishmurray (approximate date).source
  • 795Bran Ardchenn, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 796Colla mac Fergusso, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 800The Book of Kells is written and illuminated in a Columban monastery, in Ireland (approximate date).source
  • 800Ailill mac Fergusa, king of South Brega (Ireland)source

9th century

  • 805Cernach mac Fergusa, king of South Brega (Ireland)source
  • 806Vikings massacre Columba's monks, and all the inhabitants on the island of Iona (Scotland). Other monks flee to safety in the monastery of Kells (Ireland). They take with them the Book of Kells.source
  • 810Eochaid mac Fiachnai, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 812Flann mac Congalaig, king of Brega (Ireland)source
  • 815Muirgius mac Tommaltaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 819Áed Oirdnide, king of Ailech (Ireland)source
  • 820Fedelmid mac Crimthainn assumes the kingship as ruler of Munster (modern Ireland).source
  • 825Máel Bressail mac Ailillo, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 832The town of Clondalkin (modern Ireland) is sacked by Vikings from Denmark, and the monastery is burnt to the ground.source
  • 833Conchobar mac Donnchada, High King of Irelandsource
  • 834Cellach mac Brain, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 838Bran mac Fáeláin, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 840Vikings from Norway capture Dublin and establish a Norse kingdom in Ireland, and also at about this date make their first overwintering at Lough Neagh in the north of Ireland.source
  • 841The town of Dyflin (meaning "Black Pool") or Dublin (modern Ireland) is founded by Norwegian Vikings, on the south bank of the River Liffey. The settlement is fortified with a ditch and an earth rampart, with a wooden palisade on top. The Norsemen establish a wool weaving industry, and there is also a slave trade. An artificial hill is erected, where the nobility meets to make laws and discuss policy.source
  • 842Vikings attack the Irish monastery at Clonmacnoise from bases in Ireland.source
  • 843Fergus mac Fothaid, king of Connacht (Ireland)source
  • 847Fedelmid mac Crimthainn, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 848Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, High King of Mide, defeats a Norse Viking army at Sciath Nechtain in Ireland (approximate date).source
  • 849Conaing mac Flainn, king of Brega (Ireland)source
  • 853Áilgenán mac Donngaile, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 857Matudán mac Muiredaig, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 859Máel Gualae, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 862Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, High King of Irelandsource
  • 864Viking raiders, led by Olaf the White, arrive in Scotland from the Viking settlement of Dublin (Ireland). He rampages the country, until his defeat in battle by King Constantine I.source
  • 864Lorcán mac Cathail, king of Uisneach (Ireland)source
  • 865Tigernach mac Fócartai, king of Lagore (Ireland)source
  • 868King Áed Findliath drives the invading Danes and Norwegians out of Ireland, after defeating them at the Battle of Killineery.source
  • 871Uathmharan mac Brocan, king of Aidhne (Ireland)source
  • 872Cenn Fáelad hua Mugthigirn, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 877Battle of Strangford Lough: King Halfdan I leaves for Ireland, in an attempt to claim the Kingdom of Dublin from his rival Bárid mac Ímair. He is killed in battle at Strangford Lough, and a probable interregnum follows in York.source
  • 879Áed Findliath, high king of Irelandsource
  • 882Ainbíth mac Áedo, Dál Fiatach king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 883Eochocán mac Áedo, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 885Muiredach mac Brain, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 886Airemón mac Áedo, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • 898Aitíth mac Laigni, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source

10th century

  • 908September 13 – Cormac mac Cuilennáin, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 909Cerball mac Muirecáin, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 915Domnall mac Áeda, king of Ailech (Ireland)source
  • 917Augaire mac Ailella, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 919Ragnall ua Ímair, a Viking chief from Ireland, takes control of the Norse Kingdom of York (also referred to as Jórvik) and the English-ruled Earldom of Northumbria. He establishes himself as king at York.source
  • 920Mael Macduach, king of Hy Fiachrach (Ireland)source
  • 943February 26 – Muirchertach mac Néill, king of Ailech (Ireland)source
  • 951Cennétig mac Lorcáin, king of Tuadmumu (Ireland)source
  • 954Cellachán Caisil, king of Munster (Ireland)source
  • 959Donnchadh mac Urchadh, king of Maigh Seóla (Ireland)source
  • 964Toichleach ua Gadhra, king of Gailenga (Ireland)source
  • 968Battle of Sulcoit in Ireland: The Irish of the Dál gCais led by Brian Boru defeats the Viking forces of Limerick. After the battle the Dál gCais seize and burn the Viking stronghold of Limerick. Ending of Norse expansion in Ireland.source
  • 980Domnall ua Néill (or Donal O'Neill), High King of Irelandsource
  • 983Aed Ua Dubhda, king of Uí Fiachrach (Ireland)source
  • 984Domnall Claen, king of Leinster (Ireland)source
  • 992Approximate date – Norse Viking settlers establish a mint in Dublin (Ireland), to produce silver pennies.source
  • 993Maelcairearda, king of Uí Briúin (Ireland)source
  • 999Muirgheas mac Aedh, king of Uí Díarmata (Ireland) (killed)source

11th century

  • 1005High King of Ireland Brian Boru makes a second expedition to the north, to take hostages from the northern kingdoms. During this campaign he visits Armagh – making an offering of 20 ounces of gold to the church and confirming to the apostolic see of Saint Patrick, ecclesiastical supremacy over the whole of Ireland.source
  • 1006Fiachra Ua Focarta, abbot of Clonfert (Ireland)source
  • 1012Máel Mórda mac Murchada starts a rebellion against High King Brian Boru in Ireland, which ends in 1014 at the Battle of Clontarf.source
  • 1021Mac Cú Ceanain, king of Uí Díarmata (Ireland)source
  • 1027Dogra mac Dúnadach, king of Síol Anmchadha (Ireland)source
  • 1043Cathal mac Ruaidhri, king of Maigh Seóla (Ireland)source
  • 1048Domnall Ua Lochlainn, High King of Ireland (died 1121)source
  • 1096In Ireland, the Diocese of Waterford is established.source

12th century

  • 1111Synod of Rathbreasail, presided over by Cellach Ua Sinaig, Abbot of Armagh is held. Ireland is divided into territorial dioceses (24 sees) under two metropolitans, the Archbishop of Armagh and the Archbishop of Cashel.source
  • 1118Enna mac Donnchada mac Murchada becomes King of Dublin in Ireland.source
  • 1132Malachy is appointed archbishop of Armagh in Ireland, to impose the Roman liturgy on the independent Irish Church.source
  • 1132Diarmait Mac Murchada has the abbey of Kildare in Ireland burned, and the abbess raped. He becomes king of the province of Leinster.source
  • 1142Foundation of the first Cistercian house in Ireland at Mellifont, on land given by the King of Airgíalla. Abbey completed in 1157. The Cistercians were brought into Ireland by Saint Malachysource
  • 1152Synod of Kells-Mellifont: The present diocesan system of Ireland is established (with later modifications), and the primacy of Armagh is recognized.source
  • 1155Pope Adrian IV issues the papal bull Laudabiliter, granting Henry II of England the right to rule Ireland, after Henry convinced the Pope that he was needed "to proclaim the truths of the Christian religion" to the Irish people.source
  • 1157Completion and consecration of Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian foundation in Ireland.source
  • 1166Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Irelandsource
  • 1166Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland, is killed. He is succeeded by Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht, who defeats Diarmaid mac Murchadha (or Dermot, another ruler in eastern Ireland) in battle. Diarmaid is exiled and goes to Normandy and the court of King Henry II of England to ask for assistance in retaking his kingdom. Henry gives him permission to find a willing army from either England or Wales. Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ("Strongbow") and his half-brothers Robert FitzStephen and Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan, agree to help Diarmaid mac Murchadha in return for Diarmaid's daughter's hand in marriage.source
  • 1167Diarmaid mac Murchadha (or Dermot), former king of Leinster, returns to Ireland with an advance party of Flemings under Richard fitz Godbert de Roche.source
  • 1171July – King Henry II decides to lead a military expedition to Ireland and summons Richard de Clare (Strongbow) to join forces. In September, Richard travels to England and promises his loyalty to Henry. He is granted Leinster as a fiefdom and is honored with the post of "royal constable in Ireland". The army is assembled at Pembroke – several siege towers are shipped over, should Henry need to assault the Norman-held towns (or others such as Cork and Limerick).source
  • 1172Henry II of England leaves Ireland.source
  • 1174Machabeo, an Irish monk and saint, abbot of Armagh's monastery of Saint Peter and Saint Paul for over thirty years.source
  • 1174October – Battle of Thurles: Gaelic-Irish forces under King Domnall Mór Ua Briain defeat an Anglo-Norman invasion at Thurles in Ireland. The English expedition led by Earl Richard de Clare (Strongbow) is surprised while encamped in the area of Lognafola and is forced to retreat to Waterford.source
  • 1175Treaty of Windsor: High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair relinquishes his title and agrees to submit to Henry II as vassal of Connacht in Ireland.source
  • 1181King Henry II removes Hugh de Lacy, lord of Meath, from his position as procurator of Ireland, possibly because of his having married the daughter of High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair.source
  • 1189Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales) writes the Expugnatio Hibernica about Henry II’s invasion of Ireland.source
  • 1189August – William Marshal marries the 17-year-old Isabel de Clare (daughter of Richard de Clare). Through this marriage, he becomes 1st Earl of Pembroke, acquiring huge estates in England, Normandy, Wales and Ireland.source
  • 1198December 2 – Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, High King of Irelandsource

13th century

  • 1208Autumn – William Marshal is recalled and humiliated by King John at court in London, while John gives his justiciar in Ireland, Meiler Fitzhenry the order to invade Marshal's lands there, burning the town of New Ross.source
  • 1210King John’s second visit to Ireland.source
  • 1216Ballintubber Abbey is founded by King Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair of Connacht, in Ireland.source
  • 1224Dominican Order set up in Ireland. They are the first mendicant friars in Ireland. At about this date, Lucas de Netterville, Archbishop of Armagh, founds a Dominican friary in Drogheda.source
  • 1228December 23 – Stephen of Anagni, Italian papal chaplain, is commissioned to collect a special tax in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales to finance Gregory X's War of the Keys against Frederick II.source
  • 1230First records of the Franciscan Order in Ireland.source
  • 1235Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Burgh; Felim Ua Conchobair is expelled.source
  • 1247Battle of Ballyshannon: Norman forces under Maurice FitzGerald defeat a Gaelic army near Ballyshannon in northern Ireland. After the battle, the entire country of Donegal is devastated and plundered by the Normans.source
  • 1253Sligo Abbey, a Dominican monastery, is founded by Maurice FitzGerald, Norman chief governor of Ireland.source
  • 1254King Henry III of England grants his eldest son the Lord Edward areas of land including crown lands in Wales, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Gascony. He is also given the cities of Bristol, Stamford and Grantham. The reason for these concessions is to give Edward experience of governing lands of his own before becoming a king. Edward is granted the Three Castles in Wales, Skenfrith Castle, White Castle and Grosmont Castle.source
  • 1258Irish, assisted by Scottish gallowglasses, halt the English advance westward through Ireland.source
  • 1264June 18 – The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitely known meeting of this Irish legislature.source
  • 1288January 20 – Newcastle Emlyn Castle in West Wales is recaptured by the English forces after a ten-day siege, bringing Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt to an end. Rhys is exiled to Ireland.source

14th century

  • 1303May 16 – King Edward I of England assembles 7,500 troops at Roxburgh to prepare for a resumption of his campaign against the Kingdom of Scotland, to begin after concluding peace between England and France. In advance of the invasion, Edward orders that three pre-fabricated pontoon bridges be built and transported, in a fleet of 27 ships. After crossing into Scotland, Edward and his soldiers burns hamlet and towns, granges and granaries. Meanwhile, Richard Óg de Burgh, "the Red Earl" with forces from Ireland capture the castles of Rothesay and Inverkip.source
  • 1308June 25 – Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the Parliament, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the Earldom of Cornwall, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in Gascony. Further to this, he is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by Pope Clement V. Edward II accompanies him to Bristol, from where he sets sail for Ireland.source
  • 1315Spring – Great Famine of 1315–1317: A famine and pestilence sweeps over Europe, and exacts so frightful a toll of human life that the phenomenon is to be regarded as one of the most impressive features of the period. It covers almost the whole of Northern Europe; the current territory of Ireland, England, France, Netherlands, Germany and Poland. Heavy rains and unseasonably cold weather, the ensuing harvest failures and death of livestock from starvation, and the sharp rise in food prices cause an acute shortage of food that will last for two years. The famine causes millions of deaths (according to estimates, around 10 to 25% of the urban population dies). On August 10, King Edward II of England witnesses its extent in his realm when he and his entourage stop at St Albans and find bread and other food unavailable.source
  • 1333June 6 – William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, is murdered as part of the Burke Civil War in Ireland.source
  • 1392Seoan mac Pilib succeeds Tomas mor mac Mathghamhna as King of East Breifne, in north-central Ireland.source
  • 1398Glendalough monastery in Wicklow, Ireland is destroyed by English troops.source
  • 1399July 4 – While Richard II of England is away on a military campaign in Ireland, Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated lands.source
  • 1399August 19 – Richard II of England is taken prisoner by Henry Bolingbroke upon his return from Ireland and surrenders at Flint Castle in return for his life.source

15th century

  • 1402Conchobar an Abaidh mac Maelsechlainn O Cellaigh succeeds Maelsechlainn mac William Buidhe O Cellaigh, as King of Uí Maine in modern-day County Galway and County Roscommon in Ireland.source
  • 1404Ruaidri Caech MacDermot succeeds Conchobair Óg MacDermot as King of Magh Luirg, in what later becomes northeast Connacht, Ireland.source
  • 1410William Welles: English-born statesman and judge in fifteenth-century Irelandsource
  • 1414A prolonged struggle begins between the factions of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormonde, and John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, for control of royal government in Ireland (lasted until 1447).source
  • 1446The Blarney Stone is set into a tower of Blarney Castle in Blarney, County Cork in Ireland.source
  • 1449Richard Duke of York arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, leading to the submission of many Irish chiefs and English rebels.source
  • 1459Richard Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, returns on a second visit to Ireland.source
  • 145912 October – Wars of the Roses: Lancastrian victory at the Battle of Ludford Bridge. Following the battle, the Duke of York flees to Ireland.source
  • 1460Ireland’s legislative independence is declared.source
  • 1495July 3 – At the Battle of Deal, Perkin Warbeck's troops land in Kent, in support of his claim to the English crown, backed by Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy. They are routed before Warbeck himself can disembark, and he retreats to Ireland and then to Scotland.source
  • 1497A famine "prevailed through all Ireland", according to the Annals of the Four Masters.source

16th century

  • 1562January 6 – Shane O'Neill of Tír Eoghain pleads his cause at the Palace of Whitehall in London, before Queen Elizabeth I of England, who recognises his status. He returns to Ireland on May 26, and resumes his rebellious activities by November.source
  • 1593October 11 – The Battle of Belleek takes place at County Fermanagh in Ireland as an English expeditionary force led by Henry Bagenal defeats Irish troops commanded by the Lord of Fermanagh.source
  • 1599August 15 – First Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces defeat the English.source

17th century

  • 1601September 2 – 4th Spanish Armada is sent; a fleet of 33 ships and 4,432 men, under the command of Admiral Juan del Águila, departs Portugal after being dispatched to Ireland by King Philip III. The Spanish fleet is intended to support an Irish rebellion led by Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Hugh Roe O'Donnell against the British.source
  • 1601October 2 (September 22 O.S.) – 4th Spanish Armada; a large Spanish fleet, with 4,500 soldiers led by Juan del Águila, lands at Kinsale at County Cork in Ireland, to assist Tyrone's Rebellion.source
  • 1602June 18 – Nine Years' War (Ireland): Dunboy Castle in Ireland is taken by the English after 143 Irish defenders had withstood an 11-day siege by more than 4,000 English soldiers under the command of Sir George Carew. Of the 143 soldiers, who had been loyal to Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare, 85 are killed in the siege, and the 58 survivors are hanged after the English victory.source
  • 1603March 24 – Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (born 1533)source
  • 161220 October – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington, cavalier and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland (died 1698)source
  • 1625March 27 – Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland succeeds to the throne on the death of his father, King James VI and I.source
  • 164318 March – Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross in Ireland – English troops defeat those of Confederate Ireland.source
  • 1647August 8 – Battle of Dungan's Hill: Irish forces are defeated by English Parliamentary forces.source
  • 1649January 27 – King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is found guilty of high treason in a public session.source
  • 1653December 16 – The Instrument of Government in England becomes Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, being advised by a remodelled English Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.source
  • 165316 December – Instrument of Government: Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, being advised by a remodelled Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.source
  • 1654December 11 – Sir William Petty wins the contract from the Commonwealth of England to make a survey of Ireland.source
  • 1660June 1 – The office of Secretary of State for the Southern Department begins operations in the Kingdom of Great Britain, with responsibility for the colonies of British America in what will later become Canada and the United States, as well as for Ireland and for the Channel Islands. Sir Edward Nicholas, a former British Secretary of State, takes office as the first Southern Department secretary.source
  • 166123 April – Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned King in Westminster Abbey. A new St Edward's Crown is made for the occasion.source
  • 1670March 7 – Oliver Plunkett, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh since 1669, is allowed to return to Ireland for the first time in more than 22 years, after a new policy of tolerance of Catholicism is enacted in England. Plunkett had departed for Rome in 1647 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Executed in 1681 on false charges of plotting an invasion of Ireland, Plunkett is canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church in 1975.source
  • 1678In Ireland, the vacant Bishopric of Leighlin is given to the Bishop of Kildare in commendam; it will later be formed into the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin.source
  • 1685February 6 – Catholic James Stuart, Duke of York, becomes King James II of England and Ireland, and King James VII of Scotland, in succession to his brother Charles II (1660–1685), King of England, Scotland, and Ireland since 1660. James II and VII reigns until deposed, in 1688.source
  • 1685June 11 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland, lands at Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands, to challenge his uncle, James II, for the Crown of England.source
  • 168511 June – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland, lands at Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Dutch Republic to challenge his uncle, James II, for the Crown of England.source
  • 1690June 14 – King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront James II.source
  • 16901 July (O.S.) – Battle of the Boyne in Ireland: William III defeats the deposed James II who returns to exile in France.source
  • 1698May 1 – The Banishment Act of 1697 goes into effect for Roman Catholic church officials in Ireland, having been the deadline for all "popish archbishops, bishops, vicars general, deans, jesuits, monks, friars, and other regular popish clergy" to have reported to Irish ports for deportation. Re-entry to Ireland after May 4, 1698, is a criminal offense with a penalty of 12 months imprisonment and expulsion, while a second re-entry is punishable by death as treason.source

18th century

  • 1748January 27 – A fire at the prison and barracks at Kinsale, in Ireland, kills 54 of the prisoners of war housed there. An estimated 500 prisoners are safely conducted to another prison.source
  • 1760February 21–26 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland – A force of French troops, under the command of privateer François Thurot, captures and holds the town and castle of Carrickfergus before retiring; the force is defeated (and Thurot killed) in the naval Battle of Bishops Court in the Irish Sea on February 28.source

19th century

  • 180323 July – Emmet's insurrection in Ireland: United Irishman Robert Emmet stages a rising in Dublin which is quelled by the military, with approximately fifty rebels and twenty soldiers dead. The Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Lord Kilwarden, is hacked to death.source
  • 1817June 12 – Tradesman Jeffery Sedwards establishes the Skibbereen Abstinence Society in Ireland, considered the first organisation devoted to teetotalism in Europe.source
  • 182419 July – Alexander Pearce, convict and criminal (born in Ireland) (born 1790)source
  • 1838Undated - Five nuns from the Religious Sisters of Charity in Ireland became the first women of religion to set foot on Australian soil.source
  • 18459 September – A potato blight breaks out in Ireland, beginning the Great Famine.source
  • 184530 December – Queen's Colleges of Belfast, Cork and Galway are incorporated in Ireland.source
  • 185130 March – The United Kingdom Census 1851 is the first to include detailed ages, date and place of birth, occupations and marital status of those listed. The population of the UK is revealed to have reached 21 million. 6.3 million live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales and such cities account for 35% of the total English population. Uniquely, this census also counts attendance at places of religious worship: it shows that only 35% of the population attend and, of those, nonconformists are in a majority. As part of the legacy of the Great Irish Famine, the population of Ireland has fallen to 6,575,000, a drop of 1.6 million in ten years.source
  • 185520 Irish miners arrive to work in the Namaqualand copper minessource
  • 1858Chinese, German, Norwegian, Jews, American, Irish, Latin American, French, Belgian Canadian and other immigrants who had been in the California goldfields arrive in British Columbia, attracted by the Fraser River Gold rush, joining French Canadians, Métis, Hawaiians and others already in the area who abandoned regular employment to work the banks of the Fraser alongside the native peoples, who also took part in the rush.source
  • 18675 March – Fenian Rising in Ireland.source
  • 187019 May – the Home Government Association is established in Ireland by Isaac Butt to argue for devolution for Ireland and repeal of the Act of Union 1800.source
  • 188113 October – Charles Stewart Parnell imprisoned for to his part in land agitation in Ireland.source
  • 1890Solitude football ground in Belfast, the home of Cliftonville, is opened, making it the oldest football ground in Ireland.source
  • 1895September – Shelbourne F.C. is founded in Dublin, Ireland.source
  • 1899January 14 – The White Star Line's transatlantic ocean liner RMS Oceanic is launched from the Belfast shipyards in Ireland. At 17,272 gross register tons and 704 ft, she is the largest ship afloat at this time.source

20th century

  • 191011 September - English-born actor-aviator Robert Loraine makes an aeroplane flight from Wales across the Irish Sea, landing some 200 feet (60 metres) short of the Irish coast in Dublin Bay.source
  • 1914July 26 – Howth gun-running: former British civil servant and novelist Erskine Childers and his wife Molly sail into Howth in Ireland and land 2,500 guns for the nationalist Irish Volunteers from a German dealer. British Army troops of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, returning to Dublin having been called out to assist police in attempting to prevent the Volunteers from moving the arms to the city, perpetrate the Bachelor's Walk massacre, firing on a crowd of protestors at Bachelors Walk, killing three; a fourth man dies later from bayonet wounds and more than 37 others are injured.source
  • 19181 March – armed merchant cruiser HMS Calgarian is torpedoed and sunk off Rathlin Island, Ireland, by Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-19 with the loss of 49 lives.source
  • 192218 September - W. T. Cosgrave introduces the Constitution of Saorstát Éireann Bill to enable the implementation of the Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland.source
  • 193119 December – The South African Springboks beat Ireland 8–3 in Ireland.source
  • 194413 March – The British Government prohibits all travel between Great Britain and Ireland.source
  • 1954September 5 - KLM flight 633, a Lockheed L-1049C Super Constellation named “Triton”, attempted to ditch into the river Shannon immediately after takeoff from Shannon Airport, Ireland. 28 of the 56 passengers and crew were killedsource
  • 1961July 31 – Ireland submits the first application from a non-founding country to join the European Economic Community.source
  • 19875 December - Downpatrick & Ardglass Railway begins public operation, the first Irish gauge heritage railway in Ireland.source
  • 1989The Atlantis Primal Therapy Commune moves to Colombia from Ireland.source

21st century

  • 2011February 10 - Manx2 Flight 7100, a Fairchild Metro III, crashes on its third attempt at landing at Cork airport, Ireland from Belfast. Six of the twelve passengers and crew are killed.source
  • 2025January 24 – Storm Éowyn hits Ireland and the United Kingdom. Record high wind speeds of 183 km/h are recorded in Ireland, while over a million homes are left without power.source

Named in the same entries