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Roman consul

political office in ancient Rome

135 dated entries naming Roman consul, drawn from 124 separate years between 509 BCE and 608 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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6th century BC

  • 509 BCEThe first pair of Roman consuls are elected.source
  • 509 BCELucius Junius Brutus, Roman consul and founder of the Roman Republic (traditional date)source

5th century BC

  • 496 BCEMarcus Valerius Volusus and Titus Herminius Aquilinus, both former Roman consuls died at the Battle of Lake Regillussource
  • 493 BCEDuring his second consulate, the Roman consul Spurius Cassius Vecellinus concludes a treaty with the Latin League, the Foedus Cassianum, confirming Roman primacy in Latium.source
  • 493 BCEAgrippa Menenius Lanatus, former Roman consul.source
  • 486 BCEDuring his third consulate, the Roman consul Spurius Cassius Vecellinus proposes an agrarian law to assist needy plebeians. The proposal is vehemently opposed by the patricians including the other consul Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, and the plebs turn against the patricians. In the following year Cassius is condemned and executed for high treason.source
  • 486 BCESpurius Cassius Vecellinus, Roman consul (executed)source
  • 485 BCEThree times Roman consul Spurius Cassius Vecellinus is tried, condemned and executed for high treason.source
  • 485 BCESpurius Cassius Vecellinus, three times Roman consul.source
  • 452 BCESextus Quinctilius, consul of the Roman Republic, 453–452 BC, plague.source
  • 451 BCEFollowing the report of a three-man commission into the design of Roman law, the patricians set up in Rome a Board of Ten, the Decemviri. The first Decemviri, composed entirely of patricians is led by consuls Appius Claudius Crassus and Titus Genucius Augurinus. The first ten codes of the Roman Law of the Twelve Tables are completed by the first Decemvirate.source

4th century BC

  • 357 BCEGaius Marcius Rutilus elected Consulsource
  • 340 BCEAppius Claudius Caecus, Roman politician and consul (approximate date)source
  • 314 BCEThe Roman consuls march their combined army to Tarracina and defeat a Samnite army there; killing 10,000 Samnites in the battle and the subsequent pursuit.source
  • 313 BCEThe consul Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus is credited with the capture of Nola, Atina, and Calatia by some sources.source
  • 312 BCEThe Second Samnite War continues: there are rumours of a mobilisation of the Etruscans; since the consul Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus is campaigning in Samnium and his consular colleague Publius Decius Mus is to ill to lead an army, the people appoint Gaius Sulpicius Longus as dictator. Sulpicius appoints Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus as his Magister Equitum (Second-in-command). Sulpicius ' mission is to defend against the Etruscan invasion which never materialize; Sulpicius and Brutus remain in camp at Rome until the end of the campaigning season.source
  • 311 BCEThe Second Samnite War continues, the Roman consuls Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus and Quintus Aemilius Barbula divide their command.source

3rd century BC

  • 299 BCETitus Manlius Torquatus, Roman consulsource
  • 275 BCEWhen Pyrrhus returns from Sicily, he finds himself vastly outnumbered by a superior Roman army under the command of consul Manius Curius Dentatus. After the inconclusive Battle of Beneventum, Roman commander and statesman, Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, negotiates a peace with Pyrrhus, after which Pyrrhus decides to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus, which results in the loss of all his Italian holdings.source
  • 273 BCEAppius Claudius Caecus, Roman politician and consulsource
  • 265 BCEQuintus Fabius Maximus Gurges, Roman consulsource
  • 258 BCEGaius Duilius Nepos, the Roman commander who has won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians is made censor with Lucius Cornelius Scipio. The election of a novus homo (i.e. the first in his family to serve in the Roman Senate or be elected as consul) to the censorship is a very rare honor.source
  • 254 BCEMarcus Livius Salinator, Roman consul and commander during the Second Punic Warsource
  • 250 BCEMarcus Atilius Regulus, Roman general and consul (executed)source
  • 241 BCETiberius Coruncanius, Roman consul and military commander for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirussource
  • 241 BCEMarch 10 – Battle of the Aegates: The Carthaginian fleet sent to relieve the Roman blockade of the Sicilian cities of Lilybaeum and Drepanum is totally defeated near the Aegates Islands off western Sicily by the Roman fleet led by Roman consul and commander Gaius Lutatius Catulus. The result is a decisive Roman victory which forces an end to the protracted First Punic War, to Rome's distinct advantage.source
  • 229 BCELucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Roman consul and general (d. 160 BC)source
  • 227 BCEPublius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, Roman consul and generalsource
  • 219 BCEThe Roman Senate sends the consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus to Illyria with an army. On discovering Rome's intent, the Illyrian leader Demetrius of Pharos puts to death those Illyrians who oppose his rule, fortifies Dimale and goes to Pharos. After a seven-day siege by the Roman fleet under Lucius Aemilius Paulus, Dimale is taken by direct assault. From Dimale, the Roman navy heads to Pharos, where the Roman forces rout the Illyrians. Demetrius flees to Macedonia, where he becomes a trusted councilor at the court of King Philip V.source
  • 216 BCEAugust 2 – The Battle of Cannae (east of Naples) ends in victory for Hannibal whose 50,000-man army defeats a Roman force of 86,000 led by consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus (who is killed in the battle) and Gaius Terentius Varro. 50,000-70,000 Roman troops are killed, making this perhaps the deadliest one-day battle in all history.source
  • 216 BCEAugust 2 – Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman consul and general (killed in the Battle of Cannae)source
  • 215 BCEThe Roman law, Lex Oppia, is instituted by Gaius Oppius, a tribune of the plebs during the consulship of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus and Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus. The Lex Oppia is the first of a series of sumptuary laws introduced in Rome. It not only restricts women's wealth, but also their displaying it.source
  • 206 BCEAfter having successfully driven the Carthaginians out of Spain, Scipio returns in triumph to Rome and is elected consul. He then prepares to carry the war into Carthage's territory in North Africa.source

2nd century BC

  • 196 BCEMarcus Cornelius Cethegus, Roman consul and censorsource
  • 195 BCEThe Roman sumptuary law, the Lex Oppia, which restricts not only a woman's wealth, but also her display of wealth, is repealed despite consul Marcus Porcius Cato's strong opposition.source
  • 180 BCEDecimus Junius Brutus Callaicus, Roman consul (d. 113 BC)source
  • 175 BCEQuintus Caecilius Metellus, Roman consul and dictator (b. c. 250 BC)source
  • 174 BCEPublius Aelius Paetus, Roman consul and censorsource
  • 172 BCEQuintus Fulvius Flaccus, Roman consul and generalsource
  • 158 BCEPublius Rutilius Rufus, Roman consul, statesman, orator and historian (d. c. 78 BC).source
  • 157 BCEGaius Marius, Roman general, consul (approximate year) (d. 86 BC)source
  • 152 BCEMarcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman statesman, consul, Pontifex Maximus and censor; as a praetor, he has been governor of Sicily in 191 BC.source
  • 140 BCELucius Licinius Crassus, Roman consul and statesman (d. 91 BC)source
  • 131 BCEDuring Aristonicus of Pergamon uprising against Rome, the consul Publius Licinius Crassus Mucianius is killed in the fighting.source
  • 131 BCEPublius Licinius Crassus Mucianus – Roman consul and commandersource
  • 123 BCEAix-en-Provence founded under the name of Aquae Sextiae by the Roman consul Sextius Calvinus.source
  • 121 BCEThe Roman Senate passes the motion senatus consultum ultimum, which the consul Lucius Opimius interprets as giving him unlimited power to preserve the Republic. He gathers an armed force of Senators and their supporters to confront Gaius Gracchus. A pitched battle is fought inside Rome, resulting in the death of Gracchus and many of his followers.source
  • 114 BCEPublius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, Roman consul (d. 63 BC)source
  • 113 BCEDecimus Junius Brutus Callaicus, Roman consul and general (b. 180 BC)source
  • 108 BCEMarcus Livius Drusus (the Elder), Roman consulsource
  • 105 BCEJanuary 1 – Gnaeus Mallius Maximus and Publius Rutilius Rufus become Roman consuls.source
  • 104 BCEGnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman consul and generalsource

1st century BC

  • 96 BCEConsuls: Gaius Cassius Longinus and Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbussource
  • 93 BCERoman consuls: Gaius Valerius Flaccus and Marcus Herennius.source
  • 91 BCEConsuls: Sextus Julius Caesar and Lucius Marcius Philippus.source
  • 84 BCELucius Cornelius Cinna, Roman consul (killed by mutinying troops)source
  • 82 BCEGaius Norbanus, Roman consul and governor (commits suicide)source
  • 77 BCEMarcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman statesman and consul (b. 120 BC)source
  • 74 BCELucius Octavius, Roman politician and consulsource
  • 64 BCEMarcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, Roman general and consul (d. AD 8)source
  • 61 BCEMarcus Pupius Piso Frugi as consul attempts to gain ratification of Pompey's Eastern Settlement.source
  • 51 BCEPompey demands that Julius Caesar lay down his command before he can stand for consul.source
  • 43 BCEConsuls: Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Aulus Hirtius. The Roman Senate confirms Octavian as propraetor with joint responsibility for the campaign against Antony. Hirtius and Octavian mobilize troops for the march to Mutina, while Pansa continues the levy. Embassy dispatched to treat with Antony.source
  • 28 BCEGaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the sixth time. His partner Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa becomes Consul for the second time.source
  • 27 BCEGaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the seventh time. His partner Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa becomes Consul for the third time.source
  • 23 BCECaesar Augustus becomes Roman consul for the eleventh time. His co-consul is Aulus Terentius Varro Murena.source
  • 16 BCEClades Lolliana: Roman consul Marcus Lollius is defeated by a Germanic horde.source
  • 15 BCEMarcus Livius Drusus Libo and Lucius Calpurnius Piso are Roman Consuls.source
  • 13 BCETiberius Claudius Nero and Publius Quinctilius Varus are Roman Consuls.source
  • 12 BCEMarcus Valerius Messalla Appianus and Publius Sulpicius Quirinius are Roman consuls.source
  • 12 BCEGaius Caninius Rebilus, Roman senator and suffect consulsource
  • 11 BCEQuintus Aelius Tubero and Paullus Fabius Maximus are Roman Consuls.source

1st century

  • 27Petronius, Roman writer and suffect consul (d. AD 66)source
  • 29Aulus Plautius, later military leader of the invasion of Britain under Emperor Claudius, becomes suffect consul alongside Lucius Nonius Asprenas.source
  • 35Lucius Fulcinius Trio, Roman senator and suffect consulsource
  • 39Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula) and Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo become Roman consuls.source
  • 53Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus and Quintus Haterius Antoninus become Roman consuls.source
  • 61Publius Petronius Turpilianus and Lucius Caesennius Paetus become Roman consuls.source
  • 66Gaius Anicius Cerialis, Roman suffect consulsource
  • 74Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 75Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 76Emperors Vespasianus Augustus and Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 79Vespasianus Augustus and Titus Caesar Vespasianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 91Manius Acilius Glabrio and Marcus Ulpius Traianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 95Emperor Domitian and Titus Flavius Clemens become Roman Consuls.source
  • 100Emperor Trajan and Frontinus become Roman consuls.source

2nd century

  • 102Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus and Lucius Licinius Sura become Roman consuls.source
  • 103Emperor Trajan and Manius Laberius Maximus become Roman consuls.source
  • 107Lucius Licinius Sura and Quintus Sosius Senecio become consuls of Rome.source
  • 108Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus and Marcus Atilius Bradua become Roman Consuls.source
  • 112Emperor Trajan and Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus become Roman consuls.source
  • 124January 1 – Gaius Bellicius Torquatus and Manius Acilius Glabrio begin the year as the new consuls, but the two are replaced in April.source
  • 139Antoninus Pius and Gaius Bruttius Praesens become Roman Consuls.source
  • 140Emperor Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.source
  • 143Antoninus Pius serves as Roman Consul.source
  • 144Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus and Titus Statilius Maximus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 145Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.source
  • 167Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus and Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 173Gnaeus Claudius Severus and Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 177Lucius Aurelius Commodus Caesar (age 15) and Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 181Imperator Lucius Aurelius Commodus and Lucius Antistius Burrus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 190At the climax of his power, the freedman Marcus Aurelius Cleander appoints 25 men as Roman consuls. Amongst these is Lucius Septimius Severus, who later becomes emperor during the Year of the Five Emperors).source
  • 192December 31 – Emperor Commodus alarms the Senate, by appearing dressed as a gladiator for his new consulship on January 1. His mistress Marcia finds her name on the imperial execution list, and hires champion wrestler Narcissus to assassinate Commodus; the Antonines Dynasty ends.source
  • 194Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar becomes a Roman Consul.source

3rd century

  • 201Lucius Annius Fabianus and Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus become Roman Consuls.source
  • 203Gaius Fulvius Plautianus and Publius Septimius Geta become Roman Consuls.source
  • 204Lucius Fabius Cilo and Marcus Annius Flavius Libo become Roman Consuls.source
  • 205Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman Consuls.source
  • 208Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman consuls.source
  • 219Imperator Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (Elagabalus) and Quintus Tineius Sacerdos become Roman Consuls.source
  • 220Imperator Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (Elagabalus) and Publius Valerius Comazon become Roman consuls.source
  • 224January 1 – Gaius Bellicius Torquatus and Appius Claudius Julianus II begin their one year terms as the new Roman consuls.source
  • 229Emperor Alexander Severus and Dio Cassius are joint Consuls.source
  • 236Emperor Maximinus Thrax and Marcus Pupienus Africanus Maximus become Roman consuls.source
  • 247Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus and his 10-year-old son Marcus Julius Philippus Caesar become Roman Consuls.source
  • 287On the same day that he is made consul, Maximian launches a campaign against an invasion of Gaul by the Alemanni. After defeating this invasion, he then invades Alemannia itself, entering across the Upper Rhine and returning to Roman territory via the Upper Danube.source

4th century

  • 324January 1 – Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar, the sons of the Emperor Constantine and his expected heir, and Flavius Claudius Constantinus begin their one year terms as the new Roman consuls.source
  • 345Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, Roman consul and intellectual (d. 402)source
  • 355January 1 – Arbitio and Lollianus Mavortius begin their term as Roman consuls.source
  • 365Julius Agricola, Roman consul and praetorian prefectsource
  • 399Flavius Mallius Theodorus becomes Roman consul and official at the imperial court of emperor Arcadius.source
  • 399Eutropius, Roman consul and eunuchsource

5th century

  • 402Emperors Arcadius and his younger brother Honorius become Roman consuls.source
  • 402Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, Roman consul and intellectualsource
  • 403Theodosius II, age 2, becomes consul of the Eastern Roman Empire.source
  • 409Mallius Theodorus, Roman consul (approximate date)source
  • 428Flavius Felix is elected consul for the Western Empire and issues consular diptychs during his political office.source
  • 464Olybrius is elected Roman consul by the Eastern court in Constantinople.source
  • 465Basiliscus, with the help of his sister Verina (wife of emperor Leo I), becomes a consul in the Eastern Roman Empire.source
  • 484Zeno signs a peace treaty with Theodoric the Great. He appoints him to magister militum and becomes a consul. The Eastern Empire is saved by diplomatic negotiations, and the imperial army is strengthened behind the walls of Constantinople.source

6th century

  • 520July – Byzantine general Vitalian becomes consul, and is shortly later murdered, probably on the orders of Justinian, the nephew and heir-apparent of Emperor Justin I.source
  • 520July – Vitalian, Byzantine general, consulsource
  • 534January 1 – Decius Paulinus enters the office of consul (the last to hold this office in the West).source
  • 541January 1 – Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius is appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office.source

7th century

  • 608Heraclius proclaims himself and his son as consuls, claiming the imperial title—and mint coins with the two wearing the consular robes. Syria and Palaestina Prima revolt.source

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