1136 CE

The siege of Bagdhad by the Seljuks ends after Abbasid caliph al-Rashid Billah flees to Mosul. Seljuk sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud enters the city the following day. Seljuk sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud appoints al-Rashid Billah's uncle Al-Muqtafi as new caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. Battle of Crug Mawr (Great Barrow): King Owain Gwynedd (styled "Prince of Wales") defeats the Norman and Flemish forces under Robert Fitz Martin, securing the control of Ceredigion (West Wales).

In the 1130s, the 12th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 5 – Treaty of Durham: A peace treaty is signed by Stephen and David I. The Scots are allowed to keep Carlisle and a part of Cumberland in return for stopping their advance. David refuses an oath of allegiance, as his loyalties rest with Matilda (daughter of the late King Henry I).source
  • May 28 – In Russia, the people of Novgorod depose and imprison Prince Vsevolod of Pskov. Novgorod asserts its independence from Kiev, but accepts protection from neighboring Kievan princes. In July, Vsevolod along with his wife and family are released (they are exiled to an uncle in Kiev).source
  • Sultan Mudzaffar Shah I establishes the Kedah Sultanate at Qodah Darul Aman (modern-day Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia).source

Conflict & Security

  • August 14 – The siege of Bagdhad by the Seljuks ends after Abbasid caliph al-Rashid Billah flees to Mosul. Seljuk sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud enters the city the following day.source
  • October – Battle of Crug Mawr (Great Barrow): King Owain Gwynedd (styled "Prince of Wales") defeats the Norman and Flemish forces under Robert Fitz Martin, securing the control of Ceredigion (West Wales).source
  • Summer – Emperor Lothair III invades southern Italy in response to the appeal of Emperor John II Komnenos (see 1135) and conquers Apulia from King Roger II of Sicily. Duke Grimoald of Bari, supported by Lothair III, rebels against Roger.source
  • The city of Béjaïa (modern Algeria) repels a Genoan naval assault.source
  • Spring – King David I of Scotland invades northern England and captures many of the major towns including Carlisle and Newcastle. In response, King Stephen raises an army (with Flemish mercenaries), and marches to Durham. David agrees to negotiate a peace between the two countries.source

Religion & Belief

  • August 18 – Seljuk sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud appoints al-Rashid Billah's uncle Al-Muqtafi as new caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.source
  • The Basilica of Saint-Denis is completed to designs by Abbot Suger in Paris, France.source
  • Melrose Abbey (located in the Scottish Borders) is founded by Cistercian monks at the request of David.source
  • Hildegard of Bingen becomes abbess of the Benedictine monastery of Disibodenberg, upon the death of Jutta von Sponheim.source
  • Worship at the original Glasgow Cathedral in Scotland begins.source

Crime & Justice

  • Spring – Raymond of Poitiers, son of the late Duke William IX of Aquitaine, arrives at Antioch. Patriarch Ralph of Domfront (against the wishes of Princess Alice) arranges a marriage in secret with her 8-year-old daughter Constance. She is kidnapped and taken to the cathedral in Antioch, where Ralph hastily marries her to Raymond. Alice leaves the city, now under the control of Raymond and Ralph, and retires to Latakia, Syria.source

Culture & Society

  • Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise.source

Births

  • July 22 – William of Anjou, viscount of Dieppe (died 1164)source
  • Xia (Shenfu), Chinese empress consort (died 1167)source
  • Amalric I (or Amalricus), king of Jerusalem (died 1174)source
  • Humbert III (the Blessed), count of Savoy (died 1189)source
  • William of Newburgh, English historian and writer (died 1198)source
  • Marie I (or Mary), countess consort of Boulogne (died 1182)source
  • Ismail al-Jazari, Artuqid polymath and inventor (died 1206)source

Deaths

  • April 15 – Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, Norman noblemansource
  • May 24 – Hugues de Payens, French nobleman and knightsource
  • November 15 – Leopold III, margrave of Austria (born 1073)source
  • November 21 – William de Corbeil, archbishop of Canterburysource
  • December 14 – Harald IV (Servant of Christ), king of Norwaysource
  • December 14 – King Harald IV of Norway is murdered by Sigurd Slembe, an illegitimate son of the late King Magnus Barefoot. He is succeeded by his sons Inge I ("the Hunchback) and his 3-year-old half-brother Sigurd II.source
  • Wanyan Zonghan, Chinese nobleman and general (born 1080)source
  • Jutta von Sponheim, German noblewoman and abbes (born 1091)source
  • Zayn al-Din Gorgani, Persian physician (born 1041)source
  • Mael Isa Mac Mael Coluim, Irish monk and chronologistsource
  • William VI, count of Auvergne and Velay (born 1096)source
  • Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, Welsh princess of Deheubarthsource
  • Abraham bar Hiyya, Spanish mathematician and astronomersource
  • Mac Domhnaill Fhinn Ua Dubhda, King of Ui Fiachrach MuaidheIrelandsource