1182 CE

Massacre of the Latins: The Eastern Orthodox inhabitants of Constantinople massacre the Venetian, Genoan, and other Latin officials and traders who rule as agents of Empress Maria of Antioch. She is the mother and regent of 12-year-old Emperor Alexios II. Saladin sends an Egyptian fleet to blockade Beirut and leads his forces in the Bekaa Valley. The city is strongly fortified and Baldwin IV rushes with his army up from Galilee – only pausing to collect the ships that lay in the harbors of Acre and Tyre. Failing to take Beirut by assault before the Crusaders arrived, Saladin breaks off the siege and withdraws. Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, is shocked by the war between fellow-Muslims and tries to negotiate a peace. Saladin, thwarted by the strong fortifications of Mosul, retreats to Sinjar. He marches to conquer Diarbekir, the richest and the greatest fortress of the Jazira Region (with the finest library in Islam).

In the 1180s, the 12th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Mieszko III (the Old), duke of Greater Poland, agrees with his son Odon of Poznań to divide the territories between them: Mieszko hold his western lands and Odon receives the eastern lands south of the River Obra.source

Conflict & Security

  • April – Massacre of the Latins: The Eastern Orthodox inhabitants of Constantinople massacre the Venetian, Genoan, and other Latin officials and traders who rule as agents of Empress Maria of Antioch. She is the mother and regent of 12-year-old Emperor Alexios II.source
  • May 11 – Saladin leads an Egyptian expeditionary force from Cairo to Syria. In June, he arrives in Damascus and learns that his nephew Farrukh Shah has raided Galilee, and sacked the villages near Mount Tabor. On his way back, Farrukh Shah attacks the fortress of Habis Jaldak, carved out of the rock above the River Yarmuk. The garrison, Christian Syrians with no great wish to die for the Crusaders, promptly surrenders.source
  • May – June – Béla III, king of Hungary, ravages the region of Belgrade and Barancs (modern-day Braničevo). Meanwhile, Serbia allies itself with Hungary to gain independence.source
  • July – August – Battle of Belvoir Castle: Saladin crosses into Palestine round the south of the Sea of Galilee. King Baldwin IV (the Leper) of Jerusalem marches with his army back from Oultrejordain and attacks Saladin's forces near Belvoir Castle (modern Israel). In a fierce battle, the Crusaders successfully repel Saladin's invasion. At the end of the day, each side retires, claiming the victory.source
  • August – Saladin sends an Egyptian fleet to blockade Beirut and leads his forces in the Bekaa Valley. The city is strongly fortified and Baldwin IV rushes with his army up from Galilee – only pausing to collect the ships that lay in the harbors of Acre and Tyre. Failing to take Beirut by assault before the Crusaders arrived, Saladin breaks off the siege and withdraws.source
  • September – Saladin invades the Jazira Region, ending the truce between him and the Zangids. After a feint attack on Aleppo, he crosses the Euphrates. The towns of the Jazira fall before him; the cities of Edessa, Saruj and Nisibin are captured in October. Saladin presses on to Mosul, and begins the siege of the city on November 10.source
  • December – Baldwin IV raids through the Hauran and reaches Bosra, while Raymond III of Tripoli recaptures Habis Jaldak. A few days later, Baldwin sets out with a Crusader force to Damascus and encamps at Dareiya in the suburbs. He decides not to attack the city and retires laden with booty, to spend Christmas at Tyre.source
  • Hugh O’Loughlin led a battle at Dunbo against English forces; where his clan, the Kinel‑Owen, were defeated.Irelandsource

Exploration & Expansion

  • Winter – Raynald of Châtillon, lord of Oultrejordain, orders the building of five ships which are carried to the Gulf of Aqaba at the northern end of the Red Sea. Part of his fleet makes a raid along the coast, threatening the security of the holy cities on Pharaoh's Island (or Île de Graye).source
  • A Sicilian attempt to dislodge the Moorish fleet from Mallorca fails.source

Religion & Belief

  • November – Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, is shocked by the war between fellow-Muslims and tries to negotiate a peace. Saladin, thwarted by the strong fortifications of Mosul, retreats to Sinjar. He marches to conquer Diarbekir, the richest and the greatest fortress of the Jazira Region (with the finest library in Islam).source
  • The Maronite Church reestablishes its affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • The Kilcooly Abbey is founded, when the King of Thomond Donal Mor O’Brien granted lands to the Cistercians, to build one in Country Tipperary.Irelandsource

Crime & Justice

  • August – Andronikos Komnenos, a cousin of Maria's late husband, Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos), raises an army and enters the city, representing himself as the 'protector' of Alexios. He is proclaimed as co-emperor under the name Andronikos I, and has Maria imprisoned and later condemned to be strangled – forcing a signature from Alexios to put his mother to death.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • September 14 – Legend of Nazaré: Dom Fuas Roupinho, alcalde of Porto de Mós, is inspired by a Marian miracle to erect the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Nazaré overlooking Nazaré, Portugal. Later this year while trying to enter the harbor of Ceuta by surprise to sink Muslim ships he is spotted and killed.source
  • Spring – King Philip II (Augustus) confiscates all the lands and buildings of the Jews and expels them from Paris. The measures are profitable in the short-term – the ransoms alone bringing in 15,000 marks and enriching Christians at the expense of Jews. Ninety-nine Jews are burned alive in Brie-Comte-Robert.source

Climate & Environment

  • May – The Yōwa era, marked by famine, ends during the reign of Emperor Antoku in Japan.source

Culture & Society

  • William Marshal, Norman knight and head of the household of Henry the Young King, is accused of having an affair with Henry's wife, Queen Margaret of France. Although contemporary chroniclers doubt the truth of these accusations. Henry starts the process to have his marriage annulled, William leaves the royal retinue, undergoing a period of self-imposed exile, and goes on a pilgrimage to Cologne.source

Births

  • September 11 – Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (died 1204)source
  • September 19 – Reginald de Braose, Norman nobleman (died 1228)source
  • Sakya Pandita, Tibetan Buddhist leader (died 1251)source
  • Alice of Vergy, duchess and regent of Burgundy (died 1251)source
  • Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order (died 1226)source
  • Alexios IV (Angelos), Byzantine emperor (approximate date)source
  • Jochi, Mongol general and son of Genghis Khansource
  • Lutgardis (or Lutgarde), Flemish nun and saint (died 1246)source
  • Bouchard IV, French nobleman (House of Avesnes) (died 1244)source
  • Enguerrand III, French nobleman (House of Coucy) (died 1242)source
  • Maria of Montpellier, queen consort of Aragon (died 1213)source
  • Alexios I (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond (died 1222)source
  • Eleanor of Aragon, Spanish princess and countess (died 1226)source
  • Verdiana, Italian noblewoman and saint (died 1242)source

Deaths

  • January 13 – Agnes of Austria, queen of Hungary (born 1154)source
  • May 12 – King Valdemar I (the Great) dies after a 28-year reign in which he has gained independence from the Holy Roman Empire. He is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Canute VI, who becomes ruler of Denmark.source
  • May 12 – Valdemar I (the Great), king of Denmark (born 1131)source
  • May 16 – John Komnenos Vatatzes, Byzantine generalsource
  • July 25 – Maria I, countess of Boulogne (born 1136)source
  • July – Maria Komnene, Byzantine princess (poisoned) (born 1152)source
  • July – Renier of Montferrat (the Caesar John), Italian husband of Maria Komnene (poisoned) (born 1162)source
  • August 1 – Pietro da Pavia, Italian cardinal-bishopsource
  • September 15 – Robert III, Italo-Norman noblemansource
  • October 6 – Richard Peche, bishop of Coventrysource
  • Cyril of Turov (or Kirill), Russian bishop (born 1130)source
  • Fujiwara no Kiyoko, Japanese empress (born 1122)source
  • Ahmed-Al-Kabeer, Arab preacher and teacher (born 1119)source
  • Maria of Antioch, Byzantine empress (born 1145)source
  • Donnell O’Huallaghan - Archbishop of Munster.Irelandsource
  • Hugh O’Kaelly - Bishop of Oriel.Irelandsource