September 11 in history

244 sourced entries recorded on September 11, from 600 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

813Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine (and only surviving legitimate son), is crowned co-emperor of the Franks, with his father Charlemagne.source
878Bernard of Gothia is dispossessed of his titles by Louis.source
883Yazaman al-Khadim, Abbasid governor of Tarsus, routs a Byzantine army under general Kesta Styppiotes, in a night attack. According to Arab chroniclers, 70,000 out of 100,000 Byzantine troops are killed.source
1024September 11 (4 Rajab 415) – Ibn Dawwas is fired from his job of administering food relief in Egypt, and replaced by Baqiyy, described as "a black slave who also managed the two shurtas" (food supplies) of Fustat and Cairo; Baqiyy is fired only two days later as the food crisis worsens, and Ibn Dawwas is rehired.source
1185September 11–12 – Isaac II Angelos leads a revolt in Constantinople and deposes Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos. Andronikos tries in vain to flee across Asia but is captured and killed by an angry mob. Isaac is proclaimed emperor, ending the Komnenos Dynasty.source
1217A treaty is signed by Louis VIII's and Henry III's regents at Lambeth Palace (the archbishop of Canterbury's London house).source
1225The Republic of Massa is founded in Central Italy with Bernardino del fu Losco as its first podesta appointed by the council of nine lords to serve as executive of the independent state.source
1226The Catholic Church practice of eucharistic adoration among lay people formally begins in Avignon, Provence.source
12751275 British earthquake: An earthquake strikes the south of Great Britain. The epicentre is unknown, although it may have been in the Portsmouth-Chichester area on the south coast of England or in Glamorgan, Wales.source
1297Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scottish forces (some 6,000 men) led by Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat an English army under John de Warenne at Stirling on the Forth.source
1324When the body of King Sancho of Majorca arrives in the French city of Perpignan for interment at the Perpignan Cathedral, a mob attacks the funeral procession and steals valuables that had accompanied the corpse.source
1390Lithuanian Civil War: The coalition of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights begins a 5-week siege of Vilnius. The Duke of Hereford (the future King Henry IV of England) is among the western European knights serving with the coalition.source
1406At Appenzell in what is now Switzerland, a group of nobles create the "Order of St. George's Shield" at Hegau in the Duchy of Swabia.source
1467Sejo, Emperor of Korea (in the Joseon dynasty) receives the imperial edict from China's Xianzong of Ming, directing the Koreans to join Chinese forces in subjugating the Jurchen state in Manchuria. Sejo orders the mobilization of 10,000 Korean troops but instructs the Joseon commander to keep the Korean troops independent from the Chinese force, to wait until the Chinese attack before assisting with Korean troops, and to avoid confrontation with the Jurchen cavalry unless it appears that the Chinese army is winning.source
1472The Treaty of Chateaugiron is concluded between King Edward IV of England and the Duchy of Brittany, providing for an English invasion of either Gascony or Normandy by April 1, 1473.source
1486The Conspiracy of the Barons, a revolt by the Neapolitan nobility, begins in the Kingdom of Naples with the rebels taking an oath at the Chiesa di Sant'Antonio Abate in Campania against the rule of King Ferrante, the Spanish prince made King of Naples after the kingdom's conquest by the Crown of Aragon.source
1494King Charles VIII of France and Ludovico Sforza, regent for the Duke of Milan, meet in Asti and conclude an alliance against King Alfonso II of Naples.source
149411 September 1494: French king Charles VIII and Louis of Orléans arrived in Asti and concluded an alliance with duke Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este.source
1509Portuguese fidalgo Diogo Lopes de Sequeira becomes the first European to reach Malacca, having crossed the Gulf of Bengal.source
1524Treaty of Malmö signed with Denmark–Norway, ending the Swedish War of Liberation.source
1557The Colloquy of Worms convenes in Germany as a dialog on religious issues between clerics of the German Catholic Church and the Lutheran Church.source
1559Duke John is sent to England to negotiate the wedding between Queen Elizabeth and Prince Erik.source
1565The Knights of Malta lift the Great Siege of Malta after four months.source
1585In the Ottoman Empire, the rebellion of An-Nasir al-Hasan bin Ali in Yemen is ended when An-Nasir is betrayed and turned over to the Turkish Ottoman governor. An-Nasir spends one year in prison in Sanaa and then brought to Turkey.source
1601Queen Elizabeth I summons her 10th, and last, meeting of the English Parliament.source
1609Expulsion of the Moriscos from Valencia in accordance with the edict signed by Philip III on April 4.source
1609Henry Hudson in the Halve Maen sails into Upper New York Bay, and begins a journey up the Hudson River.source
1611Greek Orthodox bishop Dionysios Skylosophos leads an army of 700 men in a surprise attack on the city of Yanya (formerly the ancient Greek city of Ioannina) in an attempt to liberate the inhabitants from Ottoman Imperial rule. The Ottoman provincial governor, Osman Pasha, is forced to flee and his home is burned down, but Ottoman troops commanded by Aslan Pasha rout the rebels. Skylosophos is captured on September 14, then tortured to death in public.source
1624The royal secretary Göran Bähr is hung for his apostasy of the Protestant religion.source
1631Thirty Years' War: As a result of Tilly's invasion, John George, Elector of Saxony, who has until now stayed neutral, allies with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, in order to drive the Imperial army out of Saxony.source
1634After the Battle of Nördlingen, Richelieu advises the king to continue to support the anti-Habsburg cause.source
1649Sack of Drogheda: Cromwell takes the town and put its Irish Catholic Confederation garrison to death.source
1652The Guo Huaiyi Rebellion, a peasant revolt on the island of Taiwan against colonial rule in Dutch Formosa, is suppressed after four days.source
1680Emperor Go-Mizunoo spent his later years in relative seclusion as a retired emperor, continuing to participate in courtly and cultural activities until his passing away.source
1689September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.source
1696England's Royal Navy scuttles and deliberately sinks its 32-gun battleship HMS Sapphire in Bay Bulls Harbour in Newfoundland, rather than let it be captured by the French Navy following a disastrous battle.source
1697Battle of Zenta: Prince Eugene of Savoy crushes the Ottoman army of Mustafa II, and effectively ends Turkish hopes of recovering lost ground in Hungary.source
1703a privateering expedition comprising the ships St George and Cinque Ports commanded by William Dampier leaves Kinsale for South America.source
1709September 11 (August 31 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Malplaquet – Troops of the Dutch Republic, Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by the Duke of Marlborough, drive the French from the field, but suffer twice as many casualties.source
1709Battle of Malplaquet (War of the Spanish Succession) fought near the French border: French strategic victory but tactical victory for the opposing alliance.source
1714War of the Spanish Succession: Barcelona is taken after a year's siege, and Catalonia surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies.source
1726French bishop André-Hercule de Fleury, later Prime Minister for King Louis XV of France, is made a Roman Catholic Cardinal by Pope Benedict XIII.source
1741War of the Austrian Succession: Linz falls to the Bavarian Army.source
1743Russian noble Natalia Lopukhina is flogged in front of the Twelve Collegia building in Saint Petersburg, bringing a conclusion to the "Lopukhina Affair" plotted by France and the Duchy of Holstein.source
1745Jacobite rising of 1745: Jacobites enter Edinburgh; six days later, Charles Edward Stuart proclaims his father as James VIII of Scotland.source
1747Daniel O'Reilly is appointed to succeed Ross MacMahon as Roman Catholic Bishop of Clogher, an office he will hold until 1778.source
1750Jacob Benzon is appointed Vice Steward of Norway.source
1753last sitting of the Cornish Stannary Parliament.source
1754Anthony Henday, an English explorer, becomes the first white man to reach the Canadian Rockies, after climbing a ridge above the Red Deer River near what is now Innisfail, Alberta.source
1755A major earthquake strikes Skjálfandi in Northern Iceland, causing damage in the area.source
1773The Public Advertiser publishes a satirical essay titled Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One, written by Benjamin Franklin.source
1775August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.source
1776American Revolutionary War: An abortive peace conference takes place between the British and Americans, on Staten Island.source
1777American Revolutionary War – Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.source
1777American Revolution: Battle of Brandywine is a major victory for the British in Chester County, Pennsylvania.source
1777first minister ordained to United Presbyterian Church, Thurso; first church building opens this year.source
1786September 11–14 - The Annapolis Convention is held by delegates from six of the 13 states (Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey and New York) resulting in the scheduling of the Philadelphia Convention to draft a national constitution.source
1786September 11-14 – Annapolis Conventionsource
1789Alexander Hamilton is appointed as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.source
1792Six men steal some of the former French Crown Jewels from a warehouse where the revolutionary government has stored them.source
1792Six men steal some of the former French Crown Jewels from a warehouse, where the revolutionary government has stored them.source
1795Battle of Krtsanisi: The Persian emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar defeats the forces of Heraclius II of Georgia.source
1795Floods devastate the farms at Hawkesbury.source
1802The Italian region of Piedmont becomes a part of the French First Republic.source
1803Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Delhi – British troops under General Lake defeat the Marathas of Scindia's army, under General Louis Bourquin.source
1803Battle of Delhi, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, between British troops under General Lake, and the Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin.source
1814War of 1812 – Battle of Lake Champlain: An American squadron under Thomas Macdonough defeats the British squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back into Canada.source
1817The Great Rebellion of 1817-18 begins in Sri Lanka.source
1822September 8–13 – Battle of Nauplia: In a series of naval engagements, the Ottoman Fleet fails to break through the Greek Fleet, under Admiral Andreas Vokos Miaoulis.source
1826William Morgan is arrested in Batavia, New York, for debt after declaring that he would publish The Mysteries of Free Masonry, a book against Freemasonry. This sets into motion the events that led to his mysterious disappearance.source
1834The emigrant ship Sybelle out of Cromarty (Scotland) is wrecked off St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia) with the loss of all 316 passengers and all but six of her crew.source
1834emigrant ship Sybelle out of Cromarty wrecked off St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia) with the loss of all 316 passengers and all but six of her crew.source
1834Emigrant ship Sybelle out of Cromarty (Scotland) is wrecked off St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia) with the loss of all 316 passengers and all but six of her crew.source
1836The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed in South America.source
1848The Croatian army of Josip Jelačić, encouraged in secret by the Habsburg government, crosses the Drava River and attacks Hungary, with the goal of ending the revolution in that country.source
1852Revolution of 11 September 1852 in Argentina: Buenos Aires Province declares independence.source
1852coup d'etat in Argentina; Buenos Aires Province declares independence.source
1857The Mountain Meadows massacre occurs in Utah.source
1857Mountain Meadows massacre in Utah.source
1858Dom, the third-highest summit in the Alps, is first ascended.source
1867Thomas J. Kelly and Timothy Deasy are arrested in Manchester.source
1869Work on the Wallace Monument is completed in Stirling, Scotland.source
1875Egypt adopts the Gregorian calendar; replacing the Coptic/Alexandrian calendar (based on the ancient Egyptian calendar) which had been the official calendar since the Roman period.source
1876SS Dandenong sinks; 40 lives are lost.source
1877Ships Avalanche and Forrest collide off Portland, Victoria, only 3 of the 107 passengers are savedsource
1877collision of two outward bound sailing ships, Shaw, Savill Line's Avalanche, bound from London to Wellington, New Zealand, and the North American Forest Queen, in ballast for New York, off the Isle of Portland; over 120 persons die from both ships with only 12 survivors.source
1878an underground explosion at Abercarn in Monmouthshire kills 268 coal miners.source
1883Major Evelyn Baring becomes Consul-General of Egypt under British rule.source
1893Swami Vivekananda represented Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893).source
1893The World Parliament of Religions opens as an adjunct to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago; Bengali Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda receives a standing ovation for his address in response to his welcoming.source
1897After months of searching, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.source
1898Nikoline Harbitz, author (born 1841)source
1898New Westminster, British Columbia destroyed by fire.source
1899Northern Arizona University is founded in Flagstaff, as Northern Arizona Normal School.source
1903The first stock-car event is held at the Milwaukee Mile.source
1905September 11 – 19 die and 48 are seriously injured when the Ninth Avenue Elevated train derails in Manhattan.source
1906Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha, to characterize the nonviolence movement in South Africa.source
1907Hans Georg Jacob Stang, politician and Minister (born 1858)source
1910English-born actor-aviator Robert Loraine makes an aeroplane flight from Wales across the Irish Sea, landing some 200 feet (60 metres) short of the Irish coast in Dublin Bay.source
1910English-born actor-aviator Robert Loraine made an aeroplane flight from Wales across the Irish Sea but landed some 200 feet (60 metres) short of the Irish coast in Dublin Bay.source
1911Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 10th Baronet, buys the ruined Duart Castle on the Isle of Mull to restore as the seat of the Clan Maclean.source
1911An eruption of Mount Etna on Sicily sends a lava stream 2,000 feet wide and four feet deep, and leaves 20,000 homeless, between Linguaglossa and Randazzo.source
1915The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.source
1916A mechanical failure causes the central span of the Quebec Bridge, a cantilever-type structure, to crash into the Saint Lawrence River for the second time, killing 13 workers.source
1917The Bellevue Conference is held.source
1919September 10–15 – The Florida Keys hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.source
1919September 10 – September 15: The Florida Keys Hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.source
1922The Mandate of Palestine is approved by the Council of the League of Nations.source
1922The Sun News-Pictorial, a predecessor of the Melbourne, Australia, Herald Sun, is founded.source
1924The Government Junta of Chile (1924) is created after a military coup.source
1924September 9–11 – The Kohat riots break out in India.source
1926In Rome, Italy, Gino Lucetti throws a bomb at Benito Mussolini's car, but Mussolini is unhurt.source
1926Aloha Tower is officially dedicated at Honolulu Harbor in the Territory of Hawai'i.source
1928The first broadcast of a play by television, melodrama The Queen's Messenger, on General Electric's W2XAD from Schenectady, New York, utilising techniques created by Ernst Alexanderson. WMAK (Kenmore) begins broadcasting in Buffalo, New York.source
1932A bronze statue of Youssef Bey Karam is erected in his memory outside the Cathedral of Saint Georges, Ehden in Lebanon.source
1932Canadian operations end on the International Railway (New York–Ontario).source
1939Mark Twain National Forest is established in Missouri.source
1941Construction on the Pentagon begins in Washington, D.C.source
1944An approaching formation of 36 US bombers is engaged by a German fighter squadron (Jagdgeschwader) in the Battle over the Ore Mountains. After the first German attack on the bombers, US Mustangs attack the German squadron in aerial dogfights.source
1944The Laksevåg floating dry dock at Bergen (Norway) is sunk by British X-class submarine X-24.source
1945The Batu Lintang camp in Sarawak, Borneo is liberated by Australian forces.source
1945Radio Republik Indonesia starts broadcasting.source
1945Establishment of the Radio Republik Indonesiasource
1945The Kyongui line officially ceases operation due to the division of Korea.source
1949Municipal Limeño, a Salvadoran football club, was established.source
1951Fatima Jinnah's speech broadcast on the second death anniversary of the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was censored through tampering by the radio authorities, with the microphones going silent for a few minutes when she was critical of the governmental policies.source
1951The opening of Neiwan Line of Taiwan Railways Administration (Neiwan Station).source
1954The Miss America Pageant is broadcast on television for the first time.source
1955September 10–20: Hurricane Hilda (1955).source
1964In Jacksonville, Florida, during a tour of the United States, John Lennon announces that the Beatles will not play to a segregated audience.source
1968John Eliot Gardiner conducts Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine with the Monteverdi Choir at the BBC Proms in London.source
1968The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is founded.source
1969An annular solar eclipse is visible in Pacific Ocean and South America, and is the 41st solar eclipse of Solar Saros 134.source
1971September 9–13 – Attica Prison riot: A revolt breaks out at the maximum-security prison in Attica, New York. In the end, state police and the United States National Guard storm the facility; 42 are killed, 10 of them hostages.source
1971September 5–18: Hurricane Edith.source
1973Chile's democratically elected government is overthrown in a violent military coup after serious political instability. President Salvador Allende allegedly commits suicide during the coup in the presidential palace and General Augusto Pinochet heads a US-backed military junta that governs Chile for the next 17 years.source
1976September 7 – 11: Hurricane Kathleensource
1981September 4–12. Major Soviet military exercise Zapad’81 (West’81) takes place in Belarus and the Baltic States.source
1985Moimenta-Alcafache train crashsource
1987Chadian–Libyan War: Chad and Libya sign a ceasefire under supervision of the Organisation of African Unity, officially ending the 14-year territorial conflict. Sporadic fighting will continue.source
1987Chad and Libya agree to a ceasefire that ends the Chadian–Libyan War.source
1987September 7–21 – The world's first conference on artificial life is held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States.source
1988Singing Revolution: In the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 300,000 people gather to express their support for independence.source
1988September 8–19: Hurricane Gilbertsource
1989September 10–11 – Norway's ruling Labour Party loses eight seats in the parliamentary elections, its worst showing since 1945.source
1990First Pizza Hut opens in the People's Republic of China, nearly 3 years after the first KFC opened there in 1987.source
1991Lebanon hostage crisis: Israel releases 51 Arab prisoners and the bodies of nine guerrillas, paving the way for the release of the last western hostages in Lebanon.source
1995Raid on warehouse results in the largest bust of an illegal LSD producing factory in Europe to date.source
1995September 4–15 – The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance.source
1997Scotland votes in favour of a devolved Parliament, forming the Scottish Parliament less than two years later.source
2000September 7–14 – Fuel protests in the United Kingdom, with refineries blockaded and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.source
2001Suicide attacks on the U.S. kill more than 3,000 people and destroy the two towers of the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon, using three hijacked passenger airliners as cruise missiles, with a fourth, also hijacked, crashing in a field in Pennsylvania. Early speculation about the source of the attack centered on Saudi-born terrorist leader Osama bin Laden, who was living in and working from Afghanistan. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan leaders condemned the attacks and rejected suggestions that Osama bin Laden could be behind them.source
2001Korean Air Flight 085 false alarm hijackingsource
20012,996 killed in the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, New York, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Saddam Hussein immediately declares that his government played no part in the attacks. Also that day a U.S. military RQ-1B Predator drone crashed near Basra, Iraq claims to have shot it down.source
2002Yemeni al-Qaeda operative Ramzi bin al-Shibh is arrested in Pakistan for involvement in the September 11, 2001 attacks. He will later be found unfit to stand trial.source
2003The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety comes into effect.source
2007Ethiopia celebrates the third millennium in Ethiopian calendar.source
2007The Ethiopian third millennium is celebrated nationwide and concert performances organized in Millennium Hall in Addis Ababa.source
2008The World Bank cancels plans they had in agreement with Chad for an oil pipeline in the country.source
2012September 11–27 – A series of terrorist attacks are directed against United States diplomatic missions worldwide, as well as diplomatic missions of Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. In the US, opinions are divided over whether the attacks are a reaction to a YouTube trailer for the film Innocence of Muslims. In Libya, US ambassador J. Christopher Stevens is among those killed during attacks in Benghazi.source
2012Violent demonstration erupted in Egypt in reaction to Innocence of Muslims, an anti-Islamic YouTube video written by Egyptian-American writer Nakoula Basseley Nakoula.source
20162016 Belarusian parliamentary electionsource
2019Astronomers announce the detection of water in the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18b, the first such discovery for an exoplanet in the habitable zone around a star.source
2020United States invasion of Panama: Remains of victims of the 1989 invasion in Colón are exhumed for identification.source
2020Deputy Prime Minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa resigns over three proposed constitutional amendments, which would alter the power of the land and titles court. She also leaves the Human Rights Protection Party. Other MPs have already left the party over the issue and formed a new opposition party.source
2022The 2022 Swedish general election is held to elect all 349 seats of the Riksdag. Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson resigns after her centre-left bloc narrowly loses to a bloc of right-wing parties, 176 seats to 173; Andersson is succeeded as prime minister by Ulf Kristersson in October.source
2025The Supreme Federal Court convicts former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro and sentences him to 27 years in prison for his involvement in the 2022 Brazilian coup plot.source

Births

600Yuknoom the Great a Maya ruler of Calakmulsource
1182Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (died 1204)source
1253Dmitry Borisovich, Russian nobleman and prince of Rostov (died 1294)source
1318Eleanor of Lancaster, English noblewoman (died 1372)source
1365Charles II, Duke of Lorraine, French noble (died 1431)source
1465Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (died 1536)source
1476Louise of Savoy, French regent (died 1531)source
1476Louise of Savoy, regent of France (died 1531)source
1494Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders (1518–1538) (died 1572)source
1522Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (died 1605)source
1524Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (died 1585)source
1524Pierre de Ronsard, poet (died 1585)source
1525John George, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1598)source
1557Joseph Calasanz, Spanish priest and founder of Piarists (died 1648)source
1572Daniyal, Imperial Prince of the Royal House of Timur, Viceroy of Deccan (died 1604)source
1578Vincenzo Maculani, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1667)source
1611Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (died 1675)source
1611Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (died 1675)source
1656Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Swedish queen consort (died 1693)source
1656Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Queen consort of Sweden (died 1693 in Sweden)source
1681Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German jurist (died 1741)source
1683Farrukhsiyar, Mughal Emperor (died 1719)source
1692Ingela Gathenhielm, privateer in service of King Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War.source
1700James Thomson, Scottish poet (died 1748)source
1762Joanna Baillie, Scottish writer (died 1851)source
1771Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (died 1806)source
1798Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (died 1895)source
1816Carl Zeiss, German maker of optical instruments (died 1888)source
1816Carl Zeiss, German maker of optical instruments (died 1888)source
1836Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (died 1870)source
1866Mohsen Sadr, Persian politician.source
1885D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (died 1930)source
1895Nur Ali Elahi, spiritual thinker, musician, writer, philosopher and jurist.source
1903Theodor W. Adorno, German philosopher (died 1969)source
1905Karim Sanjabi, Persian jurist and politician and founder of the National Front.source
1913Bear Bryant, American football coach (died 1983)source
1917Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines (died 1989)source
1924Rudolf Vrba, Slovak-Jewish Holocaust survivor, escapee from Auschwitz (died 2006)source
1935Arvo Pärt, Estonian composersource
1965Bashar al-Assad, President of Syriasource
1967Sung Jae-gi, anti-feminist (died 2013)source

Deaths

883Kesta Styppiotes, Byzantine generalsource
1063Béla I (the Champion), king of Hungarysource
1069Ealdred, archbishop of Yorksource
1123Marbodius of Rennes, French archdeaconsource
1161Melisende, queen of Jerusalem (born 1105)source
1185Stephen Hagiochristophorites, Byzantine officialsource
1196Maurice de Sully, bishop of Parissource
1203Stephen of Tournai, French bishop (born 1128)source
1227Louis IV (the Saint), landgrave of Thuringia (born 1200)source
1227Oliver of Paderborn, German bishop and chroniclersource
1279Robert Kilwardby, English archbishop (born 1215)source
1297Hugh de Cressingham, English advisor and knightsource
1349Bonne of Luxembourg, queen of John II of France (born 1315)source
1508England is left without a Roman Catholic Cardinal protector when Cardinal Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere dies suddenly. England's King Henry VII dies seven months later before the monarchy and the Pope can agree on a new cardinal protector. The King's successor, Henry VIII, later abolishes the office entirely after Lorenzo Campeggio dies in the course of the English Reformation and the creation of the Church of England.source
1541September 9–11 – Spanish noblewoman Beatriz de la Cueva serves as governor of the colony of Guatemala, before she is killed in a mudslide from Volcán de Agua, which ruins the capital city, Ciudad Vieja.source
1565September 11–20 – Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (born 1515)source
1570Johannes Brenz, German theologian and Protestant Reformer (born 1499)source
1599Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (executed for patricide) (born 1577)source
1646Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (born 1569)source
1671Roshanara Begum, Mughal princess (born 1617)source
1677James Harrington, English political philosopher (born 1611)source
1702Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (born 1635)source
1768Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (born 1688)source
1823David Ricardo, English economist (born 1772)source
1823José Correia da Serra, Abbot, polymath, philosopher, diplomat, politician and scientist (born 1750 or 1751).source
1888Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Argentine politician, writer, and father of education (born 1811)source
1921Prince Louis of Battenberg, British naval officer, German prince (born 1854)source
1941157 political prisoners incarcerated at Oryol Prison were executed in Medvedev Forest, near Oryol. Among the victims were Christian Rakovsky, Sergei Efron, Olga Kameneva, and Maria Spiridonova.source
1948Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder, first Governor General of Pakistan (born 1876)source
1948Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder and first Governor-General of Pakistan, dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is a public holiday nationwide.source
1948Founder and the First Governor General of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah died in Karachi, at the age of 71.source
1950Jan Smuts, 2nd Prime Minister of South Africa (born 1870)source
1971Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet leader (born 1894)source
1973Salvador Allende, 30th President of Chile (born 1908)source
1997Matrika Prasad Koiralasource
2001Approximately 2,977 people (not including 19 terrorists) are killed or fatally injured in the September 11 attacks after two Boeing 767s, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, are hijacked and crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. Two Boeing 757s, American Airlines Flight 77 and United Airlines Flight 93, are also hijacked. Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon and Flight 93 crashes into grassland in Shanksville, Pennsylvania as a result of passengers fighting to regain control of the airplane. The Twin Towers collapse as a result of the burning jet fuel from the crashes.source