1181 CE

William VIII of Montpellier frees the teaching of medicine from any monopoly in France, an origin of the University of Montpellier. Pope Alexander III dies after a 22-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by the Tuscany-born Lucius III as the 171st pope of the Catholic Church. Jayavarman VII defeats the Chams and assumes control over the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia).

In the 1180s, the 12th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Jayavarman VII defeats the Chams and assumes control over the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia).source
  • Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath was recalled from his government for having married the daughter of Ruadri O Conchobair, King of Connaught and deposed High King of Ireland, without leave of Henry II of England.Irelandsource

Conflict & Security

  • King Béla III of Hungary and Croatia goes to war with Venice in an effort to recover Dalmatia. The city of Zadar (located on the Adriatic Sea) accepts Béla's suzerainty.source
  • After a series of defeats, the Almohad fleet under the admiral Ahmad al-Siqilli, crushes the Portuguese navy and reasserts its control over the Atlantic Ocean.source
  • Summer – Raynald of Châtillon, lord of Oultrejordain, raids Saladin's territory, reaching as far as Tabuk (modern Saudi Arabia) on the route between Damascus and Mecca. In November, Saladin sends an expedition under his nephew, Farrukh Shah, who invades Oultrejordain. Raynald of Châtillon is forced to withdraw home. Saladin complains to King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (the Leper) for breaking the treaty (see 1180) and demands compensation.source
  • Philip II begins a war against Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders, over the Vermandois. He claims the territory for his wife Isabella of Hainault as her dowry. Philip is unwilling to give it up.source
  • Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, submits to Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) at an Imperial Diet in Erfurt. He is banished to England and retains only Brunswick among his former lands.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • The word Albigensians is first used by Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois, French abbot and chronicler, to describe the inhabitants of Albi in southern France.source
  • Walter de Riddlesford built a motte and bailey fortress on the site of what is now Kilkea Castle in County Kildare.Irelandsource

Religion & Belief

  • John, King of England granted Lambay Island to the Archbishops of Dublin.Irelandsource

Science & Discovery

  • January – William VIII of Montpellier frees the teaching of medicine from any monopoly in France, an origin of the University of Montpellier.source
  • Chinese and Japanese astronomers observe what has come to be understood as supernova SN 1181. One of only eight supernovae in the Milky Way observed in recorded history. It appears in the constellation Cassiopeia and is visible in the night sky for about 185 days. The radio source 3C58 was thought to be the remnant from this event, but opinion is shifting towards the recently discovered nebula Pa 30 (ref : Arxiv 2105.12384).source

Disasters & Accidents

  • King Philip II (Augustus) annuls all loans made by Jews to Christians, and takes a percentage for himself. A year later, he confiscates all Jewish property and expels the Jews from Paris.source

Climate & Environment

  • The Yōwa era is marked by famine in Japan, during the period from July 1181 through May 1182.source

Culture & Society

  • King Henry II removes Hugh de Lacy, lord of Meath, from his position as procurator of Ireland, possibly because of his having married the daughter of High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair.source

Births

  • March 22 – Ibn al-Farid, Arab poet and writer (died 1234)source
  • June 21 – Huijong, Korean ruler of Goryeo (died 1237)source
  • Marino Morosini, doge of Venice (House of Morosini) (died 1253)source
  • Irene Angelina, queen of Germany and Sicily (died 1208)source
  • Mathilde of Angoulême, French noblewoman (died 1233)source
  • Xian Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (died 1226)source

Deaths

  • January 30 – Takakura, emperor of Japan (born 1161)source
  • March 13 – Simon III de Montfort, French nobleman (born 1117)source
  • March 16 – Henry I (the Liberal), French nobleman (born 1127)source
  • March 20 – Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader and dictator, dies at Kyoto. He established the first samurai-dominated administrative government in Japan.source
  • March 20 – Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader (born 1118)source
  • April 1 – Ulrich II von Treven, patriarch of Aquileiasource
  • June 30 – Hugh de Kevelioc, English politician (born 1147)source
  • August 30 – Pope Alexander III dies after a 22-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by the Tuscany-born Lucius III as the 171st pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • August 30 – Alexander III, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • October 4 – Herman II, German nobleman (House of Sponheim)source
  • October 23 – Adela of Meissen, queen consort of Denmarksource
  • November 26 – Roger de Pont L'Évêque, Norman archbishopsource
  • December 3 – Galgano Guidotti, Italian nobleman (born 1148)source
  • Lucas (or Luke), archbishop of Esztergom (born 1120)source