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Richard II of England

King of England from 1377 to 1399

41 dated entries naming Richard II of England, drawn from 23 separate years between 1366 CE and 1413 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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14th century

  • 1366May 11 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (d. 1394)source
  • 1367January 6 – King Richard II of England (d. 1400)source
  • 1376June 7 – The day before his death, Prince Edward of Wales, heir to the English throne and known as "The Black Prince" summons his father, King Edward III, and brother, John of Gaunt, and makes them swear to uphold the claim to the throne of his son Richard. Edward is the first "English" Prince of Wales (as opposed to Welsh) not to become King of England.source
  • 1376November 20 – Richard of Bordeaux, son of the Black Prince, is created Prince of Wales in succession to his father.source
  • 1376October 7 – King Edward III of England makes out his Last Will and Testament, formally declaring his grandson Prince Richard as his successor, describing him as "Next we give and leave to our future heir, on whom may God confer his saving Grace, Richard, namely the son of Edward of honoured memory lately prince of Wales our firstborn son".source
  • 1377April 23 – King Edward III of England formally confers knighthood upon two of his grandsons, both aged 10, Prince Richard of Woodstock (son of King Edward's deceased son Edward the Black Prince), and upon Henry Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt), as well as his 13-year-old illegitimate son John de Southeray, and 11-year-old John de Mowbray. Two months later, Prince Richard will become King Richard II upon Edward's death, and in 1399, Bolingbroke will overthrow Richard and becomes King Henry IV.source
  • 1377July 16 – Richard II, the 10-year-old grandson of Edward III, is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey. A minority government is established, and a series of continual councils rule on his behalf until 1381.source
  • 1377June 21 – After a reign of more than 50 years, King Edward III of England dies at Sheen Palace in Richmond at the age of 64. His 10-year-old grandson, Prince Richard of Woodstock, succeeds to the throne as King Richard II. Richard is the son of King Edward's oldest son, Edward the Black Prince, who had died a year earlier.source
  • 1378January 14 – King Richard II opens the Irish Parliament for the first time since the death of his father, King Edward III, a year earlier.source
  • 1379February 16 – King Richard II of England issues an order directing the English Parliament to assemble on April 24 in London.source
  • 1381February 1 – Sir Robert Hales is appointed by King Richard II of England as the new Lord High Treasurer, replacing Thomas de Brantingham in an office that will eventually cost him his life. Because Hales administers the collection of taxes, including the new poll tax passed into law by Brantingham,source
  • 1381June 15 – Peasants' Revolt: During further negotiations, Wat Tyler is murdered by the King's entourage. Noble forces subsequently overpower the rebel army. The rebel leaders are eventually captured and executed and Richard II revokes his concessions. The revolt is discussed in John Gower's Vox Clamantis and Froissart's Chronicles.source
  • 1382January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen Consort of England by marrying King Richard II; the marriage produces no heirs before her death in 1395.source
  • 1383January 7 – King Richard II issues a summons for the Lords and members of the House of Commons to assemble for the English Parliament, to convene on February 23.source
  • 1385August 31 – King Richard II of England begins an invasion of Scotland. The English burn Holyrood and Edinburgh, but return home without a decisive battle.source
  • 1385June 10 – English invasion of Scotland (1385): Preparing to lead invade Scotland as soon as the truce between England and Scotland expires on July 15, King Richard II of England assembles an army at Nottingham.source
  • 1386May 9 – King John I of Portugal and King Richard II of England ratify the Treaty of Windsor.source
  • 1387December 19 – At the Battle of Radcot Bridge in England, forces loyal to King Richard II are defeated by the Lords Appellant, a group of three rebellious barons—. King Richard is taken prisoner, and not freed until he agrees to dismiss all the councillors in his court. Richard continues as the nominal King of England, with the Lords Appellant administering the kingdom.source
  • 1387June 2 – John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon.source
  • 1388July 8 –John of Gaunt, the uncle of Richard II of England, makes peace with Castile and gives up his claim to the Castilian throne, by allowing his daughter Catherine of Lancaster to marry Prince Henry, the eldest son of John I of Castile.source
  • 1389May 3 – Richard II takes control of England, away from the Lords Appellant.source
  • 1391September 7 – King Richard II summons the English Parliament and directs the members to assemble at Winchester on November 3.source
  • 1394Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin: The Kingdom of Leinster, led by King Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh, defeats an invading army from England, led by King Richard II of England and Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March.source
  • 1394February 28 – Richard II of England grants Geoffrey Chaucer 20 pounds a year for life, for his services as a diplomat and Clerk of The King's Works.source
  • 1394June 7 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (plague) (b. 1366)source
  • 1396March 9 – King Richard II of England, 29, marries Princess Isabelle of France, the 6-year-old daughter of King Charles VI of France, by proxy. The two will marry in person on October 31 in Calais.source
  • 1396October 31 – The widowed Richard II of England (29), and six-year-old Isabella of Valois (daughter of Charles VI of France), are married in Calais, resulting in a temporary peace between the kingdoms of England and France.source
  • 1397January 8 – Isabella of Valois, the 7-year-old wife of King Richard II since their marriage on October 31, is formally crowned as Queen consort of England at Westminster Abbey.source
  • 1397July 12 – King Richard II of England orders the arrest of members of a group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant, including Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester and Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. Gloucester is murdered while under house arrest on September 9 and Arundel is behaded on September 21.source
  • 1397September 29 – John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter, by his half-brother King Richard II of England.source
  • 1398January 31 – The 24th English Parliament of King Richard II is dissolved after having met since September 17. The King gives royal assent to numerous laws, including the Treason Act 1397, providing for new definitions of treasonsource
  • 1398September 16 – King Richard II of England exiles his cousin Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV of England) for 10 years, in order to end Henry's feud with Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, who is also exiled.source
  • 1399August 19 – Richard II of England is taken prisoner by Henry Bolingbroke upon his return from Ireland and surrenders at Flint Castle in return for his life.source
  • 1399February 3 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Aquitaine uncle of King Richard II of England and father of Henry Bolingbroke, dies and King Richard becomes ruler of the Duchy.source
  • 1399July 4 – While Richard II of England is away on a military campaign in Ireland, Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated lands.source
  • 1399March 18 – Richard II of England cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's lands, leading to Henry's decision to overthrow King Richard.source
  • 1399May 10 – The Treaty of Tarbes is signed between representatives of King Charles VI of France and Archambaud of Grailly, who has been an ally of the French monarch's enemy, King Richard II of England. Under the treaty, de Grailly is made Count of Foix in southern France, in return for breaking his alliance with King Richard. Two of the Count of Foix's sons are sent as hostages to the Royal Court of France in order to secure the terms of the agreement.source
  • 1400February 14 – The deposed Richard II of England dies by means unknown in Pontefract Castle. It is likely that King Henry IV ordered his death by starvation, to prevent further uprisings.source
  • 1400January 4 – The Epiphany Rising begins in England against King Henry IV by nobles planning to restore King Richard II to the throne, and is quickly crushed. Baron Lumley dies after attempting to seize Cirencester. The Earl of Salisbury and the Earl of Kent are captured and beheaded on January 7. Sir Thomas Blount is hanged, drawn and quartered at Oxford on January 12. Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester is captured and executed by a mob in Bristol on January 13. The Earl of Huntingdon is beheaded at Pleshey on January 16.source

15th century

  • 1403November 9 – Waleran III, Count of Ligny, a relative in France of the late King Richard II of England, informs King Henry IV (who killed King Richard) of plans to lead an attack on England.source
  • 1413December 4 – By order of King Henry V of England, the remains of King Richard II (whom Henry V's father had overthrown and imprisoned in 1399) are moved from the grounds of King's Langley Priory in Hertfordshire and reinterred at Westminster Abbey, the traditional final resting place of English monarchs.source

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