1395 CE

Mary of Hungary dies, ending of the reign of Hungary by the Capet-Anjou family. Her co-reigning estranged husband, King Sigismund, becomes sole ruler of Hungary. Sultan Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire has the former Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Shishman beheaded after Shishman is accused of collaborating with the Principality of Wallachia during the 1394 Battle of Karanovasa. The death of King Stjepan Dabiša leads to the election of his wife Jelena Gruba as Queen of Bosnia. However, most of the Bosnian land is soon appropriated by King Sigismund of Hungary.

In the 1390s, the 14th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 27 – The 22nd English Parliament of King Richard II assembles after being summoned on November 20. John Bussy is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.source
  • February 15 – The English Parliament adjourns after a 19-day session.source
  • May 1 – The Duchy of Milan is created, after Lord Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan buys the title of Duke from Wenceslaus, King of the Romans.source
  • 15 May – Richard leaves Ireland, having achieved his objectives.Irelandsource

Conflict & Security

  • February 12 – At the Battle of Ghindăoani The army led by King Sigismund of Hungary and Croatia is ambushed by Prince Stephen I of Moldavia, on its way back after conquering Neamț Citadel, and the Hungarians must retreat empty handed.source
  • March 18 – After Donato Acciaioli, Duke of Athens, rewards Captain Andrea Bembo for defending Athens against an Ottoman attack, Senate of the Republic of Venice votes to annex the Duchy of Athens.source
  • April 14 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war – At the Battle of the Terek River, the Mongol conqueror Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground, and Timur installs a puppet ruler, Quyurchuq, on the Golden Horde throne. Tokhtamysh escapes to Lithuania.source
  • May 17 – Battle of Rovine: With the help of the Hungarians, Wallachia resists an invasion by the Ottomans and their Serb and Bulgarian vassals. But Mircea I of Wallachia has to temporarily flee to Transylvania, and Vlad I Uzurpatorul is placed on the throne by the Ottomans.source
  • June 3 – Sultan Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire has the former Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Shishman beheaded after Shishman is accused of collaborating with the Principality of Wallachia during the 1394 Battle of Karanovasa.source
  • December 19 – The Principality of Monaco comes under the control of the Republic of Genoa, administered by the Doge Antoniotto I Adorno. Lord Jean I of the House of Grimaldi steps aside during the Genoan invasion.source
  • Ramaracha succeeds Ramesuan as ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in present-day southern Thailand.source
  • Defeat of Leinster Irish under Art Mór Mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King of Leinster and submission of nearly all Irish and rebel English chiefs to King Richard II of England.Irelandsource

Exploration & Expansion

  • December 14 – By agreement with the Ottoman turks, Radič Crnojević, Lord of Zeta and Budva and his brother Dobrivoje Crnojević occupy the region of Grbalj in what is now Montenegro.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 10 – Smil Flaška of Pardubice, the Supreme Provincial Scribe of the Kingdom of Bohemia, joins the League of Lords (Panská jednota), a group of nobles opposed to the rule of King Wenceslaus IV.source
  • July 8 – At a gathering of French cardinals at the Palais des Papes in Avignon, the assembled clerics demand the resignation of the antipope Benedict XIII (Pedro Martinez de Luna), who nine months earlier had been elected as the alternative to the Roman Pope Boniface IX. The only dissenting voice is Cardinal Martín de Zalba, but Benedict refuses to step down.source
  • October 8 – The University of Óbuda, the second in Hungary and the first in the capital, Budapest, is given a deed of foundation by Pope Boniface IX after the requests of King Sigismund of Hungary.source
  • The Gwanghwamun Gate and the Jogyesa Temple are built in present-day Seoul in late September or early October (in the "9th month" of the Korean calendar year 3728).source

Science & Discovery

  • The Theotokos of Vladimir icon is moved to Moscow.source

Crime & Justice

  • John Rykener, also known as Johannes Richer and Eleanor, a transvestite prostitute working mainly in London (near Cheapside), but also active in Oxford, is arrested for cross-dressing and interrogated on December 11, 1394. The records have survived, the only surviving legal records from this age which mention same-sex intercourse.source

Culture & Society

  • June 13 – Prince Albert of Austria marries his first cousin, once-removed, Joanna Sophia of Bavaria at Vienna ending a feud between her father, Albert, Duke of Bavaria and his father, Albert III, Duke of Austria.source
  • August 6 – Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, issues an ordinance prohibiting the cultivation of the Gamay grape on any lands under his jurisdiction, in favor of the increased production of pinot noir wine.source
  • August 29 – Albert IV succeeds his father, Albert III, as Duke of Austria.source
  • September 5 – The Kingdom of Nepal comes under the joint rule of brothers Jayadharma, Jayajyotir and Jayakiti Malla upon the death of their father, King Jayasthiti.source
  • September 5 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti is crowned as the first Duke of Milan.source
  • November 22 – The embalmed body of Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, a friend and advisor of King Richard II, is buried in England, on the third anniversary of his death in France, and following King Richard's determination provide proper honors for his funeral.source

Births

  • January 11 – Michele of Valois, French princess and Duchess Consort of Burgundy (died 1422)source
  • March 18 – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English military leader (died 1447)source
  • September 7 – Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, English politician (died 1427)source
  • Fra Angelico, Italian painter (died 1455)source
  • George of Trebizond, Greek philosopher and scholar (died 1484)source
  • Jacques Cœur, French merchant (died 1456)source
  • Niccolò Da Conti, Italian merchant and explorer (died 1469)source

Deaths

  • March 13 – John Barbour, Scottish poetsource
  • May 17 – Mary of Hungary dies, ending of the reign of Hungary by the Capet-Anjou family. Her co-reigning estranged husband, King Sigismund, becomes sole ruler of Hungary.source
  • June 3 – Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria, tsar (born c.1350)source
  • July 28 – (7 Shawwal 797 AH) Ali ibn Ajlan, the Emir of Mecca is killed and is succeeded by his brother Muhammad ibn Ajlan.source
  • August 29 – Duke Albert III of Austria (born 1349)source
  • September 8 – The death of King Stjepan Dabiša leads to the election of his wife Jelena Gruba as Queen of Bosnia. However, most of the Bosnian land is soon appropriated by King Sigismund of Hungary.source
  • December 25 – Elisabeth, Countess of Neuchâtel, Swiss rulersource
  • Acamapichtli, 1st tlatoani (monarch) of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), 1375-1395 (born c. 1355)source
  • Margaret the Barefooted, Italian saint (born 1325)source