1394 CE

Two months after being captured by King Zsigmond of Hungary, the Serbian rebel Janos Horvati, is brutally executed at Pécs by dismemberment to avenge the 1387 execution of the former Queen consort of Hungary, Elizabeth of Bosnia. The capital city of the Joseon dynasty (in present-day Korea) is moved from Gaegyeong (now Gaeseong) to Hanseong (now Seoul). Richard defines the borders of English rule in Ireland; later to become known as the English Pale.

In the 1390s, the 14th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 10 – Antonio Venier, Doge of the Republic of Venice appoints Desiderato Lucio as the Grand Chancellor. Lucio serves until April 23, 1396.source
  • January 11 – The King of Naples, Ladislao of Anjou-Durazzo, grants Neapolitan-controlled Greece to Nerio Acciaioli as the Duchy of Athens.source
  • January 28 – The English Parliament, summoned by King Richard II of England, opens it session after having been summoned on November 13, 1393, and elects Sir John Bussy as its speaker.source
  • March 6 – The English Parliament closes after a 37 day session. Among the acts receiving royal assent are the Money Act (prohibiting the melting of money and the import of foreign money), the Cloths Act ("Every person may make cloth of what length and breadth he will."), and the Exportation of Corn Act (allowing all of the King's subjects to ship grain from the Kingdom.)source
  • 25 December – Richard defines the borders of English rule in Ireland; later to become known as the English Pale.Irelandsource
  • Ştefan I succeeds Roman I, as Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova and eastern Romania).source
  • Ashikaga Yoshimitsu retires as shōgun of Japan, and is succeeded by his son, Ashikaga Yoshimochi.source

Conflict & Security

  • April 26 – Martín Yáñez de la Barbudo of the Kingdom of Castile, master of the Order of Alcántara military group and leader of a crusade against the Muslim Emirate of Granada, leads an army across the border into the Emirate and marches toward the capital. Granadan Emir Muhammad VII sends emissaries to King Enrique III of Castile to complain about the violation of the truce between them, and then mobilizes the Granadan Army to repel the invasion by Barbuda, who is killed in the battle along with hundreds of other Castilians.source
  • June 11 – The Venetians take over possession of Argos, from Despot Theodore I Palaiologos.source
  • July 16 – The agreement between the Swiss Confederacy (the cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz and Unterwaldeden) and the Duchy of Austria, originally signed on April 1, 1389, following the 1386 Battle of Sempach, is extended by amendment.source
  • October 10 – At the Battle of Karanovasa, Wallachia (now southern Romania) resists an invasion by the army Ottoman Empire and its Serb and Bulgarian vassals.source
  • November 29 – The capital city of the Joseon dynasty (in present-day Korea) is moved from Gaegyeong (now Gaeseong) to Hanseong (now Seoul).source
  • After the death of Sultan Mahmud II, civil war breaks out in the Delhi Sultanate, splitting the state between east and west.source
  • Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin: The Kingdom of Leinster, led by King Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh, defeats an invading army from England, led by King Richard II of England and Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March.source
  • Abu Zayyan II succeeds his brother, Abul Hadjdjadj I, as ruler of the Abdalwadid dynasty in present-day eastern Algeria.source
  • Abd al-Aziz II succeeds Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II, as ruler of the Hafsid dynasty in present-day Tunisia.source
  • The Ottomans conquer Thessaly (now eastern Greece) and begin an eight-year siege of Constantinople, in the Byzantine Empire. In the same year, they begin building the Anadoluhisarı fortress to defend themselves during the siege.source
  • Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin: Art Mór Mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King of Leinster, defeats forces of the Norman Lordship of Ireland.Irelandsource

Exploration & Expansion

  • 2 October – King Richard II of England leads his first expedition to Ireland to enforce his rule.Irelandsource

Religion & Belief

  • January 20 – In India, Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah becomes the new Sultan of Delhi upon the death of his father, Muhammad Shah III.source
  • February 28 – Richard II of England grants Geoffrey Chaucer 20 pounds a year for life, for his services as a diplomat and Clerk of The King's Works.source
  • July 24 – General Paolo Savelli of the Republic of Venice and Giovanni Colonna, Lord of Palestrina, attempt a coup d'etat to overthrow the government of Rome and the rule of Pope Urban VI by attacking Capitoline Hill, but fail to get support.source
  • September 28 – Cardinal Pedro Martínez de Luna of the Kingdom of Aragon, opposed to the rule of the Roman Pope Urban VI, is elected at Avignon as the antipope Benedict XIII to succeed the antipope Clement VII.source
  • October 11 – The antipope Benedict XIII begins his reign.source
  • Gyeongbokgung Palace and the Jongmyo royal ancestral shrine are built in Hanseong (now Seoul).source

Economy & Finance

  • The Allgäuer Brauhaus brewery is founded in present-day Germany.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China orders the Ministry of Public Works to issue a public notice, that every 100 households in the lijia system are to set aside 2 mu (1,390 m 2 ) of land, for planting mulberry and jujube trees.source

Science & Discovery

  • December 6 – The astronomical clock of St. Nicholas Church in Stralsund is finished and signed by Nikolaus Lilienfeld.source

Health & Medicine

  • August 2 &ndash (5th day of the 7th month of Meitoku 5), the Meitoku Era in Japan is declared to be at an end because of the misfortune of a smallpox epidemic, and the Ōei era begins.source

Crime & Justice

  • August 15 – Two months after being captured by King Zsigmond of Hungary, the Serbian rebel Janos Horvati, is brutally executed at Pécs by dismemberment to avenge the 1387 execution of the former Queen consort of Hungary, Elizabeth of Bosnia.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • September 17 – King Charles VI of France orders the expulsion of all Jews from France.source

Culture & Society

  • February 1 – Sikandar Shah is crowned Sultan in a ceremony at Delhi.source
  • July 9 – Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and the mentally unstable, King Charles VI of France, agree that Philip's first granddaughter would marry King Charles's son and heir apparent, the two-year-old Dauphin Charles de France. The agreement will not achieve a result, in that the Dauphin and will die at age nine in 1401.source

Births

  • March 4 – Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (died 1460)source
  • June 4 – Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (died 1430)source
  • July 12 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (died 1441)source
  • July 25 – James I of Scotland (died 1437)source
  • November 24 – Charles I, Duke of Orléans, French poet (died 1465)source
  • Ikkyū, Japanese Zen Buddhist priest and poet (died 1481)source
  • Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (died 1415)source
  • Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and astronomer (died 1449)source
  • probable – Cymburgis of Masovia, Duchess of Austriasource

Deaths

  • January 15 – Grand Prince Chinan of the Joseon kingdom in Korea, eldest son of King Taejo and heir to the throne, dies at the age of 39 from complications of alcoholism.source
  • March 8 – Mahmud Shah II becomes the new Sultan of Delhi when his brother, Sikandar, dies after less than seven weeks as monarch. At the same time, another claimant to the throne, Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq, proclaims his rule at the royal palace in Firozabad.source
  • March 17 – Louis, Count of Enghien, Count of Conversano and Briennesource
  • March 24 – Constance of Castile, claimant to the throne of Castilesource
  • May 17 – By order of King Taejo of the Joseon dyanasty of Korea, who had taken power in 1392 by overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, the former monarch, King Gongyang, is executed by strangulation at the prison in Samcheok, along with Crown Prince Jeongseong and the remaining survivors of the Goryeo royal family.source
  • June 4 – Mary de Bohun, English countess, married to Henry IV of Englandsource
  • June 7 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (plague) (born 1366)source
  • June 25 – Dorothea of Montau, German hermitess (born 1347)source
  • August 27 – Emperor Chōkei of Japan (born 1343)source
  • September 16 – Antipope Clement VII (born 1342)source
  • December 28 – Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina, basilissa of Epirus (born 1350)source
  • Fazlallah Astarabadi, Persian founder of the mystical Hurufism sect (executed)source
  • Former King Gongyang of Goryeo (born 1345)source
  • John Hawkwood, English mercenary (born 1320)source
  • Thomas le Reve - the first Bishop of Waterford and Lismore following the unification of the two seesIrelandsource