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Western Xia

kingdom or empire in ancient China (1038–1227)

17 dated entries naming Western Xia, drawn from 17 separate years between 1003 CE and 1227 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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11th century

  • 1003Jing Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1048)source
  • 1036The Tangut script is devised by Yeli Renrong, for Emperor Jing Zong of Western Xia.source
  • 1038November 10 – Li Yuanhao proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Xia, declaring independence from the Song dynasty in China.source
  • 1047Yizong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1068)source
  • 1048January 19 – Jingzong, Chinese founding emperor of Western Xia (b. 1003)source
  • 1060Hui Zong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (d. 1086)source
  • 1068Yi Zong, emperor of Western Xia (b. 1047)source
  • 1080Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, begins his defensive military campaign against the Tangut people of the Western Xia. He successfully defends the invasion route to Yanzhou (Shaanxi province).source
  • 1086Huizong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (b. 1060)source

12th century

  • 1181Xian Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1226)source
  • 1193Ren Zong, Chinese emperor of the Western Xia (b. 1124)source

13th century

  • 1206Huan Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. 1177)source
  • 1209Spring – The Mongols led by Genghis Khan begin their first invasion against the Western Xia state (or Xi Xia). They push up along the Yellow River, capturing several garrisons and defeating an imperial army. The Mongols besiege the capital Zhongxing – which holds a well-fortified garrison of some 70,000 men (hastily reinforced with another 50,000). Genghis lacks the proper equipment and experience to take the city. In October, an attempt to flood the city by diverting the Yellow River is disastrous and floods the Mongol camp, forcing the Mongols to withdraw.source
  • 1210Jochi, Mongol leader and eldest son of Genghis Khan, begins a campaign against the Kyrgyz. Meanwhile, Emperor Xiang Zong of Western Xia agrees to submit to Mongol rule, he gives his daughter, Chaka, in marriage to Genghis and pays him a tribute of camels, falcons, and textiles.source
  • 1225Autumn – Subutai is assigned a new campaign by Genghis Khan against the Tanguts. He crosses the Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest.source
  • 1226August – At Xingqing in what is now China's Yinchuan province, Emperor Xianzong of the Western Xia Empire dies after a three-year reign, and is succeeded by his nephew, Li Xian. The Mongols under Genghis Khan force the surrender of Western Xia the following year, bringing an end to the Yinchuan province as a separate nation.source
  • 1227Siege of Yinchuan: Mongol forces eliminate the Western Xia (or Xi Xia) and execute Emperor Mo (or Li Xian). Genghis Khan dies during the siege under debated circumstances, but this is kept secret from the army until the siege's end. Yinchuan is pillaged and its entire population is slaughtered or sold into slavery. Genghis orders the imperial family to be executed, effectively ending the Tangut royal lineage.source

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