1074 CE

Treaty of Gerstungen: King Henry IV is forced to restore the peace with Duke Otto of Nordheim (one of the Saxon leaders of the Saxon Rebellion). He signs a treaty in Gerstungen Castle, on the River Werra in Thuringia (modern Germany). Battle of Montesarchio: Prince Pandulf IV, co-ruler of Benevento, is killed while fighting the Normans in southern Italy. Battle of Mogyoród: King Solomon is defeated by his cousins, Duke Géza I and Ladislaus I. He is dethroned and Géza becomes the new ruler of Hungary.

In the 1070s, the 11th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 2 – Treaty of Gerstungen: King Henry IV is forced to restore the peace with Duke Otto of Nordheim (one of the Saxon leaders of the Saxon Rebellion). He signs a treaty in Gerstungen Castle, on the River Werra in Thuringia (modern Germany).source

Conflict & Security

  • February 26 – Battle of Kemej: King Solomon, King of Hungary routs the army of his cousin Duke Géza with the assistance of German troops.source
  • March 14 – Battle of Mogyoród: King Solomon is defeated by his cousins, Duke Géza I and Ladislaus I. He is dethroned and Géza becomes the new ruler of Hungary.source
  • Spring – Norman mercenaries, led by Roussel de Bailleul, proclaim John Doukas emperor of the Byzantine Empire. His nephew, Emperor Michael VII Doukas, forms an alliance with Seljuk chieftain Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, who is raiding in the eastern regions of Anatolia. The Seljuk Turks ambush the Norman forces; Roussel and John are defeated and captured; but a ransom, raised by Roussel's wife, allows him to return to Amaseia.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Emperor Shenzong of Song establishes a Marine Office and a Goods Control Bureau north-west of Shanghai, allowing for the loading and unloading of freight.source

Religion & Belief

  • Pope Gregory VII temporarily excommunicates the Norman nobleman Robert Guiscard.source
  • Spring – Badr al-Jamali becomes Chief Wazir (Grand Vizier) and effectively military dictator of the Fatimid Caliphate under Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah in Egypt.source

Economy & Finance

Births

  • February 12 – Conrad II of Italy, king of Germany (died 1101)source
  • April – Abu Mansur Mauhub al-Jawaliqi, Arab philologist (died 1144)source
  • September 16 – Al-Musta'li, Fatimid caliph (died 1101)source
  • Maud, Countess of Huntingdon, queen consort of Scotland (died 1130)source
  • Edgar ("the Valliant"), king of Scotland (died 1107)source
  • Ibn al-Tilmidh, Syriac physician and poet (died 1165)source

Deaths

  • February 7 – Battle of Montesarchio: Prince Pandulf IV, co-ruler of Benevento, is killed while fighting the Normans in southern Italy.source
  • February 7 – Pandulf IV of Benevento, Lombard princesource
  • March 14 – Ernyei, Hungarian lord and courtiersource
  • March 14 – Vid Gutkeled, Hungarian lord and courtier (born c. 1010)source
  • April 25 – Herman I, margrave of Badensource
  • May 6 – Dúnán (or Donat(us)), 1st bishop of Dublinsource
  • October 25 – Shōshi, empress of Japan (born 988)source
  • Joseph Tarchaneiotes, Byzantine generalsource
  • Yang Wenguang, Chinese generalsource
  • Ralph IV of Valois (or Raoul), French noblemansource
  • Wugunai, Chinese chieftain (born 1021)source
  • Ibn al-Wafid, Andalusian pharmacologistsource
  • Peter Krešimir IV, king of Croatia (or 1075)source