1073 CE
King Sancho IV of Navarre and Ahmad al-Muqtadir, Muslim ruler of the Taifa of Zaragoza, conclude an alliance by treaty. Emperor Go-Sanjō dies after a 5-year reign and is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Shirakawa as the 72nd emperor of Japan. The Judicate of Arborea (one of the four independent kingdoms in Sardinia) is recognised by Pope Gregory VII.
In the 1070s, the 11th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
Conflict & Security
- Ebles II of Roucy leads a French army in Spain, to support King Sancho V of Aragon in his struggle against his Muslim neighbors.source
- Spring – Emperor Michael VII Doukas sends a Byzantine army to deal with Seljuk raiding in Cappadocia, supported with a mixed force of Norman and French mercenary heavy cavalry under Roussel de Bailleul. Roussel re-conquers some territory in Galatia and declares it an independent Norman state. Michael, enraged, sends another army led by his uncle, Caesar John Doukas and the veteran General Nikephoros Botaneiates to deal with the rising of the Norman threat in Asia minor. But the Byzantines are defeated and John is captured. Roussel marches with a force (3,000 men) across Bithynia to the Bosporus and sacks Chrysopolis, near Constantinople.source
- Sviatoslav II and Vsevolod I unite the Kievan forces and expel their brother Iziaslav I. Sviatoslav II becomes Grand Prince of Kiev.source
Religion & Belief
- October 14 – The Judicate of Arborea (one of the four independent kingdoms in Sardinia) is recognised by Pope Gregory VII.source
- John IX bar Shushan ends his term as Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.source
- Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi finishes writing the Rif, an important work of Jewish law.source
Technology & Infrastructure
- Wang Anshi, Chinese chief chancellor of the Song dynasty, creates a new bureau of the central government (called the Directorate of Weapons), which supervises the manufacture of military armaments and ensures quality control.source
Culture & Society
- Edgar Ætheling, last male member of the House of Wessex, joins forces with Kings Malcolm III of Scotland and Philip I of France in an attempt to take the English throne.source
Births
- Philippa of Toulouse, French noblewoman (died 1118)source
- Lady Six Monkey, queen of the Mixtec city State of Huachino and queen of Jaltepec (died 1101)source
- Leopold III ("the Good"), margrave of Austria (died 1136)source
- Shaykh Tabarsi, Persian Shia scholar (died 1153)source
- Thomas of Marle, lord of Coucy (died 1130)source
- Meng, Chinese empress consort of the Song dynasty (died 1131)source
- Agnes of Waiblingen, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1143)source
- Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon (died 1134)source
- Al-Tighnari, Moorish botanist and physician (died 1118)source
- David IV ("the Builder"), king of Georgia (died 1125)source
- Zbigniew, duke of Poland (died 1113?)source
- Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway (died 1103)source
- Anastatius IV, pope of the Catholic Church (died 1154)source
Deaths
- February 21 (approximate date) – Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia (born c. 1007)source
- April 21 – Alexander II, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1010/15)source
- June 15 – Emperor Go-Sanjō dies after a 5-year reign and is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Shirakawa as the 72nd emperor of Japan.source
- June 15 – Go-Sanjō, emperor of Japan (born 1032)source
- June 30 – Badis ibn Habus, Berber king of the Taifa of Granada (born 1002)source
- July 12 – John Gualbert, Italian monk, abbot and saint (born c. 985)source
- December 20 – Dominic of Silos, Spanish abbot (born 1000)source
- Pope Alexander II dies after a 11½-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by Gregory VII as the 157th pope of the Catholic Church.source
- Zhou Dunyi, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (born 1017)source
- Approximate date – Barisone I of Torres, Sardinian ruler (judge) of Arboreasource
- Anthony of Kiev, Russian monk and saint (born 983)source